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Objective: Nowadays, the increasing pressure pushes companies to behave more environmentally friendly. Indeed, packaging made from recycled fibres can represent an essential advantage for firms in the packaging industry if it is designed in a way that appeals to consumers. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the graphic, structural and informative packaging elements and their effect on consumers’ preferences. Methodology/approach: Purposefully modified packaging designs were sent to the respondents via an online questionnaire using convenience sampling. The research analyses Slovak consumers due to their below-average environmental performance index (EPI) within the Europe. Out of 529 questionnaires collected, 483 responses were further examined and analysed by the chi-square test in SPSS. Findings: Our findings suggest that typography, colour contrast, pattern, image, shape and recyclability claims influence the preference of Slovak consumers. On the other hand, consumers did not prefer a particular layout and certificate. Furthermore, gender and age played a substantial role in the chosen recycled paper-based package, while education did not affect consumers preference in Slovakia. Practical implications: This work provides more in-depth knowledge of specific consumer preferences of packaging elements across different demographic groups, representing a valuable framework for companies’ marketing strategies. Moreover, it can serve as an inspiration for graphic designers for more innovative sustainable packaging solutions. Originality/value: Drawing upon previous research, it is evident that specific solutions for recycled paper-based packaging are lacking. This research provides new knowledge about consumer preferences for individual packaging elements. Thus, it is not only a contribution to the businesses but also a contribution to more sustainable consumption in accordance with Agenda 2030 policies.

In this project an experimental setup is designed to investigate the effect of intermittent load patterns in combination with moisture content on cellulose ageing. It is done by exposing groups of samples to different intermittent load patterns with varying frequency. A literature review is done on transformer insulation system and cellulose degradation. Various technical solutions to different aspects of the experimental design are reviewed. The final experimental setup is explained with the primary focus being on the hardware and programming of the controlling system. The controlling system consists of a Data Acquisition (DAQ) system from National Instruments and is programmed in LabVIEW. The controlling system is examined in two investigative tests where it performed satisfactorily. Three load patterns are developed. This project suggests how to prepare the samples and what direct- and indirect tests to apply to the insulation system for future analysis.Over the years, a considerable amount of scientific work has been devoted to understanding paper ageing in order to improve transformer diagnostics and investments for utility owners. However, transformer loading guidelines of today do not take intermittent load in combination with moisture content into account [1] [2]. Previous work suggests that the thermal models may be improved by looking into the effects of moisture content [3].The primary aim of the proposed experimental setup is to investigate whether an intermittent load pattern in combination with moisture content have a considerable detrimental effect on cellulose ageing. The intent is to contribute with new knowledge about transformer diagnostics and long-term possibly improve the current thermal models used for Dynamic Transformer Rating (DTR) which do not take this phenomenon into account. This would in particular benefit transformers with typically intermittent load patterns, e.g. a transformer connected to a wind farm or photovoltaic panels. Increasing renewable energy installations increase the need for developing the thermal models in the transformer loading guidelines to take unconventional load profiles into account. I det här projektet utformas ett experiment för att undersöka inverkan av intermittenta lastmönster i kombination med fukthalt på åldrande av cellulosa. Detta görs genom att utsätta provgrupper för olika lastmönster med varierande frekvens. En litteraturgenomgång görs på transformatorisoleringssystem och nedbrytning av cellulosa. Olika tekniska lösningar för olika aspekter av experimentets design ses över. Den slutliga utformningen av experimentet förklaras med fokus på hårdvara och programmering av kontrollsystemet. Kontrollsystemet består av ett system för datainsamling från National Instruments och programmeras i LabVIEW. Kontrollsystemet utvärderas i två undersökande test där det förfor på ett tillfredsställande sätt. Tre lastmönster till experimentet har tagits fram. Det här projektet föreslår hur man förbereder proverna och vilka direkta och indirekta test som kan göras för framtida analyser.Under åren har en betydande mängd vetenskapligt arbete ägnats åt att förstå pappersåldring för att förbättra transformatordiagnostik och investeringsunderlaget för nätägare. De industriella standarderna tar dock inte hänsyn till intermittent belastning i kombination med fukthalt [1] [2]. Tidigare arbete föreslår att de termiska modellerna möjligen kan förbättras genom att undersöka effekterna av fukthalt [3].Det huvudsakliga målet med den föreslagna experimentella uppställningen är att undersöka huruvida ett intermittent belastningsmönster i kombination med fukthalt har en betydande inverkan på pappersåldrandet. Föresatsen är att bidra med ny kunskap om transformatordiagnostik och för att om möjligt långsiktigt förbättra de nuvarande termiska modellerna som används till dynamiska lastbarhetsmodeller för transformatorer. Detta skulle särskilt gynna transformatorer med typiskt intermittenta belastningsmönster, t ex en transformator ansluten till en vindkraftpark eller solcellspaneler. Ökande antal av anläggningar för förnybar energi ökar behovet av att utveckla de termiska modellerna för att ta hänsyn till okonventionella lastprofiler.

The content of the article up consists in methodological reflections about general principles of experimenting in linguistics on the whole and in Russian linguistics in particular. In this regard the article deals with the studies which are within the tradition starting in the works of I. A. Baudeuine de Courtenay, L. V. Sherba and other linguists who thought the address to the language consciousness (language feeling) to give the relevant information about the language itself. The other line is the reflection over axiomatization and absolutization of this principle in modern anthropocentric linguistics. Though these two lines present different subjects coming from different sources and different research presumptions, they are put in close connection and interrelation. In conclusion, the author states that a full and deep view of language cannot be created without studies based on the other contrary presumption.

The paper sums up the experimental linguistic research of Russian words and texts carried out by the group of Western Siberia linguists under the supervision of the author of this paper. The experiments were based on different materials, they used different forms and ways of experimenting. The paper presents the attempt of realizing and reflecting their set as some entity united by the main principles of making experiments and peculiarities of their realization in hindsight. The paper presents two directions: methodical and methodological. The first direction, presented in Paper 1, consists in the collection and systematization of the positive experience of particular experimenting. As a result of its realization the following principles of experimenting are pointed out and described: word inclusion into the context; seriality; paradigmatic and syntagmatic organization; approximation of the experimental situation to the real speech situations. According to the author, such generalizations can be useful for other researchers to conduct similar experiments.

This paper describes the experiments of an acceleration sensor and gyro sensors attached to an experiment board. Users swung the experiment board 200 times in the two different velocities. The data from sensors is sent to PC and is analyzed by FFT and Wavelet transform. Seven out of eight users' data (slow or fast) was separable. The result shows that the two different velocities can be distinguished by the combination of acceleration sensor and gyro sensors and also by the combination of FFT and Wavelet transform.

In this paper, we present an experimental study on measurement of the thermal conductivity and heat pipe effect in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic (Toray TGP-H60) carbon papers (around 200 μm thickness) with/out liquid water. An experimental setup is developed for measuring thermal conductance at different liquid water contents and temperatures without dissembling the testing device for water addition. Theoretical analysis is also performed to evaluate the apparent conductance of heat pipe effect. We found that liquid water presence inside these materials increases the overall thermal conductivity. At high temperature around 80 °C, the heat pipe effect is evident for the hydrophilic paper; while for the hydrophobic one, the heat pipe effect is found to be smaller. The distinction is likely due to the different patterns of the capillary liquid flow in the two media. For the hydrophobic paper, liquid water flows back to the evaporation side when the breakthrough pressure is reached and flow is through preferred routes of small flow resistance. As a result, heat pipe effect is active only in part of the medium, therefore smaller than that in the hydrophilic one. The results are important for understanding the heat transfer phenomena occurring in porous media and effects of material surface property. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[reaction: see text] Ketyl radicals with lignin related structures have been generated by means of radiation chemical and photochemical techniques. In the former studies ketyl radicals are produced by reaction of alpha-carbonyl-beta-aryl ether lignin models with the solvated electron produced by pulse radiolysis of an aqueous solution at pH 6.0. The UV-vis spectra of ketyl radicals are characterized by three main absorption bands. The shape and position of these bands slightly change when the spectra are recorded in alkaline solution (pH 11.0) being now assigned to the ketyl radical anions and a pKa = 9.5 is determined for the 1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-phenoxyethanol-1-yl radical. Decay rates of ketyl radicals are found to be dose dependent and, at low doses, lie in the range (1.7-2.7) x 10(3) s(-1). In the presence of oxygen a fast decay of the ketyl radicals is observed (k2 = 1.8-2.7 x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1)) that is accompanied by the formation of stable products, i.e., the starting ketones. In the photochemical studies ketyl radicals have been produced by charge-transfer (CT) photoactivation of the electron donor-acceptor salts of methyl viologen (MV2+) with alpha-hydroxy-alpha-phenoxymethyl-aryl acetates. This process leads to the instantaneous formation of the reduced acceptor (methyl viologen radical cation, MV+*), as is clearly shown in a laser flash photolysis experiment by the two absorption bands centered at 390 and 605 nm, and an acyloxyl radical [ArC(CO2*))(OH)CH2(OC6H5)], which undergoes a very fast decarboxylation with formation of the ketyl radicals. Steady-state photoirradiation of the CT ion pairs indicates that 1-aryl-2-phenoxyethanones are formed as primary photoproducts by oxidation of ketyl radicals by MV2+ (under argon) or by molecular oxygen. Small amounts of acetophenones are formed by further photolysis of 1-aryl-2-phenoxyethanones and not by beta-fragmentation of the ketyl radicals. The high reactivity of ketyl radicals with oxygen coupled with the low rates of beta-fragmentation of the same species have an important bearing in the context of the photoyellowing of lignin containing pulps and papers.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of tricalcium silicate cement on the protective process of pulp in the treatment of reversible pulpitis. There was carried out an experiment on 3-month-old male rabbits to study morphofunctional changes in the pulp tissue with modeling of reversible pulpitis followed by vital amputation with coating of the pulp with tricalcium silicate (8 animals, study group) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (8 animals, comparison group). In 2 and 6 weeks dental tissues were fixed by 10% formalin solution and after decalcification and done routine procedures, histological sections were made, stained with hematoxylin and eosin. After the application of tricalcium silicate cement in 2 weeks, the odontoblast density changed to 3.92±1.03×103/mm2from 8.3±1.02×103/mm2of cell density in the intact group. The number of neutrophils also plays a big role in the regeneration of inflamed pulp. Thus, in 2 weeks the number of neutrophils made up 6.39±2.61x102per 1mm2, which is 3 times less than after mineral trioxide aggregate usage – 19.49±2.85x102per 1mm2. It was established that the processes of rheological disorders with impaired lymph circulation are replaced by the restoration of the cellular component. In such a way the proposed vital amputation was examined for reversible pulpitis and it revealed similar clinical and pathological effectiveness with a positive regenerative process with formation of a sufficient number of odontoblasts (7.98±1.51×103/mm2) for the subsequent formation of a hard tissue bridge, which consists of collagen fibers in the form of a frame. The main goal of vital amputation procedure is regeneration (proliferation) of the pulp with a short-term signs of alteration and exudation, which is provided by the choice of material for the pulp covering. Thus, after the vital amputation of the pulp, followed by the use of tricalcium silicate cement 6 weeks after, the number of neutrophils was 1.39±0.72x102per 1mm2, which is 5 times less than after using mineral trioxide aggregate.

Access to information via social media is one of the biggest differentiators of public health crises today. During the early stages of the Covid-19 outbreak in January 2020, we conducted an experiment in Wuhan, China to assess the impact of viral social media content on pro-social and trust behaviours and preferences towards risk taking with known and unknown probabilities. Prior to the experiment, participants viewed one of two videos that had been widely and anonymously shared on Chinese social media: a central government leader visiting a local hospital and supermarket, or health care volunteers transiting to Wuhan. In a control condition, participants watched a Neutral video, unrelated to the crisis. Viewing one of the leadership or volunteer videos leads to higher levels of pro-sociality and lesser willingness to take risks in an ambiguous situation relative to the control condition. The leadership video, however, induces lower levels of trust. We provide evidence from two post-experiment surveys that the video’s impact on pro-sociality is modulated by influencing the viewer’s affective emotional state. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40881-021-00104-w.

Many studies report on the association between 2D:4D, a putative marker for prenatal testosterone exposure, and economic preferences. However, most of these studies have limited sample sizes and test multiple hypotheses (without preregistration). In this study we mainly replicate the common specifications found in the literature for the association between the 2D:4D ratio and risk taking, the willingness to compete, and dictator game giving separately. In a sample of 330 women we find no robust associations between any of these economic preferences and 2D:4D. We find no evidence of a statistically significant relation for 16 of the 18 total regressions we run. The two regression specifications which are statistically significant have not previously been reported and the associations are not in the expected direction, and therefore they are unlikely to represent a real effect. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40881-019-00076-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

There is a heated debate on whether markets erode social responsibility and moral behavior. However, it is a challenging task to identify and measure moral behavior in markets. Based on a theoretical model, we examine in an experiment the relation between trading volume, prices and moral behavior by setting up markets that either impose a negative externality on third parties or not. We find that moral behavior reveals itself in lower trading volume in markets with a negative externality, while prices mostly depend on the market structure. We further investigate individual characteristics that explain trading behavior in markets with negative externalities.

Past experimental research has shown that when rating systems are available, buyers are more generous in accepting unfair offers in ultimatum bargaining. However, it also suggests that, under these conditions, sellers behave more fairly to avoid receiving negative feedback. This paper experimentally investigates which effect is stronger with the use of a rating system: buyers’ inflated inequity acceptance or sellers’ disapproval aversion. We explore this question by varying the information condition on the buyers’ side. Our experiment shows that in a setup where the size of the pie is common knowledge for both buyers and sellers, when a rating system is present, the sellers exhibit disapproval aversion but the buyers do not display greater acceptance of inequity. By contrast, when only sellers are aware of the size of the pie, sellers behave aggressively to exploit buyers and their behavior does not change in the presence of a rating system; however, buyers display greater acceptance of inequity when a rating system is present. We discuss how these results can be explained by a theoretical model that includes sellers’ social disapproval aversion and buyers’ disappointment aversion in addition to the players’ inequality aversion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10683-017-9554-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background Despite the worldwide growth in mobile health (mHealth) tools and the possible benefits of mHealth for patients and health care providers, scientific research examining factors explaining the adoption level of mHealth tools remains scarce. Objective We performed an experimental vignette study to investigate how four factors related to the business model of an mHealth app affect its adoption and users’ willingness to pay: (1) the revenue model (ie, sharing data with third parties vs accepting advertisements); (2) the data protection model (General Data Protection Regulation [GDPR]-compliant data handling vs nonGDPR-compliant data handling); (3) the recommendation model (ie, doctor vs patient recommendation); and (4) the provider model (ie, pharmaceutical vs medical association provider). In addition, health consciousness, health information orientation, and electronic health literacy were explored as intrapersonal predictors of adoption. Methods We conducted an experimental study in three countries, Spain (N=800), Germany (N=800), and the Netherlands (N=416), to assess the influence of multiple business models and intrapersonal characteristics on the willingness to pay and intention to download a health app. Results The revenue model did not affect willingness to pay or intentions to download the app in all three countries. In the Netherlands, data protection increased willingness to pay for the health app (P Conclusions The finding that people want their data protected by legislation but are not willing to pay more for data protection suggests that in the context of mHealth, app privacy protection cannot be leveraged as a selling point. However, people do value a doctor recommendation and apps manufactured by a medical association, which particularly influence their intention to download an mHealth app.

We study higher-order risk preferences, i.e. prudence and temperance, next to risk aversion in social settings. Previous experimental studies have shown that higher-order risk preferences affect the choices of individuals deciding privately on lotteries that only affect their own pay-off. Yet, most risky and financially relevant decisions in the field are made in the social settings of households or organizations. We aim to narrow the gap between laboratory and field evidence by creating a more realistic decision making environment in the laboratory that allows us to identify the influence of different social settings under controlled conditions. We elicit higher-order risk preferences of individuals and systematically vary how an individual’s decision is made (alone or while communicating with a partner) and who is affected by the decision (only the individual or the partner as well). In doing so, we can isolate the effects of other-regarding concerns and communication on choices. We observe that individuals become more risk-averse when the partner is able to communicate with the decision maker. However, we do not observe an influence of social settings on prudence and temperance. Our results reveal that the majority of choices are risk-averse, prudent, and temperate across social settings.

Individual willingness to enter competitive environments predicts career choices and labor market outcomes. Meanwhile, many people experience competitive contexts as stressful. We use two laboratory experiments to investigate whether factors related to stress can help explain individual differences in tournament entry. Experiment 1 studies whether stress responses (measured as salivary cortisol) to taking part in a mandatory tournament predict individual willingness to participate in a voluntary tournament. We find that competing increases stress levels. This cortisol response does not predict tournament entry for men but is positively and significantly correlated with choosing to enter the tournament for women. In Experiment 2, we exogenously induce physiological stress using the cold-pressor task. We find a positive causal effect of stress on tournament entry for women but no effect for men. Finally, we show that although the effect of stress on tournament entry differs between the genders, stress reactions cannot explain the well-documented gender difference in willingness to compete. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10683-016-9496-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

We provide experimental evidence on the ability to detect deceit in a buyer–seller game with asymmetric information. Sellers have private information about the value of a good and sometimes have incentives to mislead buyers. We examine if buyers can spot deception in face-to-face encounters. We vary whether buyers can interrogate the seller and the contextual richness. The buyers’ prediction accuracy is above chance, and is substantial for confident buyers. There is no evidence that the option to interrogate is important and only weak support that contextual richness matters. These results show that the information asymmetry is partly eliminated by people’s ability to spot deception. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10683-015-9474-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Traditional static anaerobic digestion technology presents the disadvantages of a low gas production rate and long digestion cycle, which is not conducive to the treatment of livestock manure. A 12 m3 multiphase flow anaerobic digester (MFD) was developed in this study to improve the biogas production rate and maintain constant temperature digestion during winters. Full-scale field experiments were conducted on the biogas production rate at different temperatures, the dynamic digestion effects, and the dynamic heating digestion effects of the system at Sichuan, China. A comparison of the dynamic and static digestion results of 50 days indicated that the biogas production for the dynamic digestion (DD) group was 115.22 m3 or 127.1% higher than that of the static digestion (SD) group with the same digestion temperature. The results of the heat transfer performance experiment revealed that the heat transfer rate of the system increased significantly, and the temperature of the biogas slurry increased rapidly. The optimization analysis of the system was based on the experimental results of the relationship between the slurry temperature and biogas production rate, and the economical digestion temperature of the system was proposed and calculated. Different insulation materials or insulation thicknesses have an influence on the economical digestion temperature. Additionally, the economical digestion temperature of the system in which the polystyrene insulation layer with a thickness of 90 mm was used, was found to be 27.2 °C. When digestion temperature was 22.3 °C, the energy efficiency ratio (EER) of dynamic anaerobic digestion system is 1. The advantages of MFD are low biogas production unit cost and high heat and mass transfer rate. However, the disadvantage of high operation energy consumption needs further improvement. And additional energy was required when system digestion temperature below 22.3 °C. The proposed MFD and dynamic anaerobic digestion system can play a significant role in using biomass resources and promoting the development of biogas projects.

Several sessions of mindfulness practice can exert positive gains for child executive functions (EF); however, the evidence for effects of a mindfulness induction, on EF for adults, is mixed and this effect has not been tested in children. The immediate effect of an age appropriate 3-min mindfulness induction on EF of children aged 4–7 years was tested. Participants (N = 156) were randomly assigned to a mindfulness induction or dot-to-dot activity comparison group before completing four measures of EF. A composite score for EF was calculated from summed z scores of the four EF measures. A difference at baseline in behavioural difficulties between the mindfulness induction and comparison group meant that data was analysed using a hierarchical regression. The mindfulness induction resulted in higher average performance for the composite EF score (M = 0.12) compared to the comparison group (M = − 0.05). Behavioural difficulties significantly predicted 5.3% of the variance in EF performance but participation in the mindfulness or comparison induction did not significantly affect EF. The non-significant effect of a mindfulness induction to exert immediate effects on EF fits within broader evidence reporting mixed effects when similar experimental designs have been used with adults. The findings are discussed with consideration of the extent to which methodological differences may account for these mixed effects and how mindfulness inductions fit within broader theoretical and empirical understanding of the effects of mindfulness on EF.

Public reputation mechanisms are an effective means to limit opportunistic behavior in markets suffering from moral hazard problems. While previous research was mostly concerned with the influence of exogenous feedback mechanisms, this study considers the endogenous emergence of reputation through deliberate information sharing among actors and the role of barriers in hindering information exchange. Using a repeated investment game, we analyze the effects of competition and transfer costs on players’ willingness to share information with each other. While transfer costs are a direct cost of the information exchange, competition costs represent an indirect cost that arises when the transfer of valuable information to competitors comes at the loss of a competitive advantage. We show that barriers to information exchange not only affect the behavior of the senders of information, but also affect the ones about whom the information is shared. While the possibility of sharing information about others significantly improves trust and market efficiency, both competition and direct transfer costs diminish the positive effect by substantially reducing the level of information exchange. Players about whom the information is shared anticipate and react to the changes in the costs by behaving more or less cooperatively. For reputation building, an environment is needed that fosters the sharing of information. Reciprocity is key to understanding information exchange. Even when it is costly, information sharing is used as a way to sanction others. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10683-020-09652-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Understanding how to sustain cooperation in the climate change global dilemma is crucial to mitigate its harmful consequences. Damages from climate change typically occurs after long delays and can take the form of more frequent realizations of extreme and random events. These features generate a decoupling between emis- sions and their damages, which we study through a laboratory experiment. We find that some decision-makers respond to global emissions, as expected, while others respond to realized damages also when emissions are observable. On balance, the presence of delayed/stochastic consequences did not impair cooperation. However, we observed a worrisome increasing trend of emissions when damages hit with delay.

Seeking a scientific basis for understanding and treating mental illness, and inspired by the work of Ivan Pavlov, American physiologists, psychiatrists and psychologists in the 1920s turned to nonhuman animals. This paper examines how new constructs such as "experimental neurosis" emerged as tools to enable psychiatric comparison across species. From 1923 to 1962, the Cornell "Behavior Farm" was a leading interdisciplinary research center pioneering novel techniques to experimentally study nonhuman psychopathology. Led by the psychobiologist Howard Liddell, work at the Behavior Farm formed part of an ambitious program to develop new preventative and therapeutic techniques and bring psychiatry into closer relations with physiology and medicine. At the heart of Liddell's activities were a range of nonhuman animals, including pigs, sheep, goats and dogs, each serving as a proxy for human patients. We examine how Pavlov's conceptualization of 'experimental neurosis' was used by Liddell to facilitate comparison across species and communication between researchers and clinicians. Our close reading of his experimental system demonstrates how unexpected animal behaviors and emotions were transformed into experimental virtues. However, to successfully translate such behaviors from the animal laboratory into the field of human psychopathology, Liddell increasingly reached beyond, and, in effect, redefined, the Pavlovian method to make it compatible and compliant with an ethological approach to the animal laboratory. We show how the resultant Behavior Farm served as a productive "hybrid" place, containing elements of experiment and observation, laboratory and field. It was through the building of close and more naturalistic relationships with animals over extended periods of time, both normal and pathological, and within and outside of the experimental space, that Liddell could understand, manage, and make useful the myriad behavioral complexities that emerged from the life histories of experimental animals, the researchers who worked with them, and their shared relationships to the wider physical and social environments.

In a biomedical engineering lab at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, co-author Dr. Glenn R. Gaudette and his research team are investigating the effects of stem cell therapy on the regeneration of function in damaged cardiac tissue in laboratory rats. Each instance of stem cell experimentation on a rat yields hundreds of data sets that must be carefully captured, documented and securely stored so that the data will be easily accessed and retrieved for papers, reports, further research, and validation of findings, while meeting NIH guidelines for data sharing. After a brief introduction to the bioengineering field and stem cell research, this paper focuses on the experimental workflow and the data generated in one instance of stem cell experimentation; the lab’s data management practices; and how Dr. Gaudette teaches data management to the lab’s incoming graduate students each semester. The co-authors discuss the haphazard manner by which engineering and science students typically learn data management practices, and advocate for the integration of formal data management instruction in higher education STEM curricula. The paper concludes with a discussion of the Frameworks for a Data Management Curriculum developed collaboratively by the co-authors’ institutions -- the University of Massachusetts Medical School and Worcester Polytechnic Institute -- to teach data management best practices to students in the sciences, health sciences, and engineering.

The introduction of stent retrievers has changed the methods used for acute intracranial thrombectomy, but the training approach has not been discussed enough. We, therefore, aimed to establish a simple skill up method which can be used to train anytime and anywhere with low costs. Also, we introduce our experimental confront clot scrambling method (CCSM) which makes a profitable visualization in how the stent retriever works. The CCSM involved a sham clot set in the middle of a polyvinyl chloride tube, after which two stent retrievers were navigated from each side before being simultaneously withdrawn with the same force. The stent that removes the sham clot is determined to have stronger clot retrieval ability. Several adjunctive techniques were also compared. The push and fluff adjunctive technique was the most effective among all the stents. Generally, the former deployed stent was stronger than later one. Therefore, the later deployed stent with the push and fluff technique lets us know whether the physician’s maneuver worked well or not. CCSM could directly evaluate the ability of adjunctive techniques with each stent retriever and demonstrate the physicians’ skills. Because the actual endovascular clot retrieval requires extreme fine maneuvers against invisible vessels, repeat training is very important especially in beginners.

The concept of the cortical column refers to vertical cell bands with similar response properties, which were initially observed by Vernon Mountcastle’s mapping of single cell recordings in the cat somatic cortex. It has subsequently guided over 50 years of neuroscientific research, in which fundamental questions about the modularity of the cortex and basic principles of sensory information processing were empirically investigated. Nevertheless, the status of the column remains controversial today, as skeptical commentators proclaim that the vertical cell bands are a functionally insignificant by-product of ontogenetic development. This paper inquires how the column came to be viewed as an elementary unit of the cortex from Mountcastle’s discovery in 1955 until David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel’s reception of the Nobel Prize in 1981. I first argue that Mountcastle’s vertical electrode recordings served as criteria for applying the column concept to electrophysiological data. In contrast to previous authors, I claim that this move from electrophysiological data to the phenomenon of columnar responses was concept-laden, but not theory-laden. In the second part of the paper, I argue that Mountcastle’s criteria provided Hubel Wiesel with a conceptual outlook, i.e. it allowed them to anticipate columnar patterns in the cat and macaque visual cortex. I argue that in the late 1970s, this outlook only briefly took a form that one could call a ‘theory’ of the cerebral cortex, before new experimental techniques started to diversify column research. I end by showing how this account of early column research fits into a larger project that follows the conceptual development of the column into the present.

Authority and power permeate political, social, and economic life, but empirical knowledge about the motivational origins and consequences of authority is limited. We study the motivation and incentive effects of authority experimentally in an authority-delegation game. Individuals often retain authority even when its delegation is in their material interest—suggesting that authority has nonpecuniary consequences for utility. Authority also leads to overprovision of effort by the controlling parties, while a large percentage of subordinates underprovide effort despite pecuniary incentives to the contrary. Authority thus has important motivational consequences that exacerbate the inefficiencies arising from suboptimal delegation choices. (JEL C92, D23, D82)

A key ingredient of many popular asset pricing models is that investors exhibit countercyclical risk aversion, which helps explain major economic puzzles such as the strong and systematic variation in risk premiums over time and the high volatility of asset prices. There is, however, surprisingly little evidence for this assumption because it is difficult to control for the host of factors that change simultaneously during financial booms and busts. We circumvent these control problems by priming financial professionals with either a boom or a bust scenario and by subsequently measuring their risk aversion in two experimental investment tasks with real monetary stakes. Subjects who were primed with a financial bust were substantially more risk averse than those who were primed with a boom. Subjects were also more fearful in the bust than in the boom condition, and their fear is negatively related to investments in the risky asset, suggesting that fear may play an important role in countercyclical risk aversion. The mechanism described in this paper is relevant for theory and has important implications, as it provides the basis for a self-reinforcing process that amplifies market dynamics.

We study interactions with different durations and termination rules in a (quasi) continuous-time prisoner’s dilemma experiment. We find that cooperation is easier to achieve and sustain with deterministic horizons than with stochastic ones; end-game effects emerge, but subjects postpone them with experience; longer duration helps cooperation. Static theories for continuous-time games cannot simultaneously account for these findings and miss the evolution of behavior across supergames. We propose a simple model – based on the replicator dynamics – that proves consistent with this evidence. The analysis of strategies and an additional treatment lend further support to the proposed explanation.

Polyurethane grouting material (polymer) has been widely used in rock mass fracture grouting. The previous test of polymer slurry grouting in planar fracture did not consider the influence of temperature; therefore, in this paper, a test of polymer slurry grouting in planar fracture was firstly conducted in order to explore the diffusion characteristics of polymer slurry. The results show that the preheating temperature of polymer slurry has a great influence on the diffusion of slurry in fractures, which should be considered in the research of polymer fracture grouting. In addition, the slurry temperature is related to the chemical reaction of the polymer itself. However, the existing polymer fracture grouting models ignore the influence of temperature and the chemical reaction of the polymer slurry itself, which lack the rationality to reveal the diffusion behavior of the polymer slurry in fracture. Therefore, in this paper, a chemical reaction-fluid dynamic (CF) model was established. In addition, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to obtain the chemical reaction kinetic parameters of the polymer slurry. Based on the CF model, the diffusion characteristics of the polymer slurry during the fracture diffusion process were calculated. The applicability of the CF model was verified by comparing the experimental data with the calculated results. Finally, the influence of polymer preheating temperature and ambient temperature on slurry fracture grouting behavior was explored by the CF model. The research in this article provides some theoretical reference for the design of grouting parameters in fracture grouting engineering.

We study intertemporal choices through an experiment that elicits a subject's plan and then tracks its implementation over time. There are two main results. When facing a costly task to be completed under a deadline, two thirds of subjects prefer anticipating it rather than postponing it. Choice reversals are common although present-biased preferences alone cannot explain them. This evidence is compatible with models based on anticipatory feelings and stochastic utility.

The underground coal gasification (UCG) process represents a modern and effective coal mining technology that enables coal energy extraction through thermic decomposition. The coal is transformed into syngas by oxidizers (e.g., air, technical oxygen, or water steam) and is injected into a georeactor. The produced syngas is exhausted on the surface, where it is transformed into the desired form of energy. This paper presents an experimental study of two experiments performed in ex-situ reactors. The paper describes the equipment for the UCG process, the physical models of the coal seam, and the analysis of coal. The obtained results from the experiments are presented as the behavior of the temperatures in the coal during the experiment, the syngas composition, and its calorific value. The material balance and effective gasification time of the UCG process were also identified for the individual experiments. The aim was to evaluate the impact of the coal seam model on the gasification process efficiency. Calculating the material balance during the gasification appears to be an effective tool for assessing leaks in the reactor while measuring the flow and concentration of the oxidizers and produced gas. The material balance data are make it possible to propose methods for controlling the input oxidizers. To increase the efficiency of the gasification in an ex-situ reactor, it is necessary to ensure the impermeable or poorly permeable surrounding layers of the coal seam.

Azimuthal acoustic logging can survey the downhole formation more accurately, and the acoustic source is the crucial component of the downhole acoustic logging tool with azimuthal resolution characteristics. To realize downhole azimuthal detection, assembling multiple transmitting piezoelectric vibrators in the circumferential direction is necessary, and the performance of azimuthal-transmitting piezoelectric vibrators needs attention. However, effective heating test and matching methods are not yet developed for downhole multi-azimuth transmitting transducers. Therefore, this paper proposes an experimental method to comprehensively evaluate downhole azimuthal transmitters; furthermore, we analyze the azimuthal-transmitting piezoelectric vibrator parameters. This paper presents a heating test apparatus and studies the admittance and driving responses of the vibrator at different temperatures. The transmitting piezoelectric vibrators showing a good consistency in the heating test were selected, and an underwater acoustic experiment was performed. The main lobe angle of the radiation beam, horizontal directivity, and radiation energy of the azimuthal vibrators and azimuthal subarray are measured. The peak-to-peak amplitude radiated from the azimuthal vibrator and the static capacitance increase with an increase in temperature. The resonant frequency first increases and then decreases slightly with an increase in temperature. After cooling to room temperature, the parameters of the vibrator are consistent with those before heating. Hence, this experimental study can provide a foundation for the design and matching selection of azimuthal-transmitting piezoelectric vibrators.

Damit nachhaltiger Konsum möglich ist, müssen Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher die Nachhaltigkeit von Produkten angemessen einschätzen können. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass Greenwashing-Slogans solche Einschätzungen möglicherweise behindern, untersucht dieses zweiteilige quantitative Online-Experiment Schlussfolgerungen von Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern, die statische Werbeanzeigen betrachteten. Dabei wurden konkrete, d.h. quantifizierte Umweltaussagen mit vagen Botschaften (Greenwashing-Kondition) bezüglich eines fiktiven TV-Produktes bzw. TV-Herstellers verglichen. Ein Drittel der jungen und gebildeten Stichprobe (N = 163) zog nach Ansicht einer Produktanzeige, die den geringen Stromverbrauch des „Omro UHD-Fernsehers“ bewarb, den Schluss, dass weitere, in der Werbung nicht beobachtbare Umweltmerkmale eher wahrscheinlich als unwahrscheinlich sind. Unternehmensanzeigen zur Energieeffizienz der Produktion von „Nextvision“ entlockten diese Schlussfolgerung sogar 73 Prozent der Probanden. Vage und konkrete Behauptungen unterschieden sich hinsichtlich dieser sog. Halo-Effekte kaum. Dazu berechnete Indizes korrelierten signifikant positiv mit der eingeschätzten Produktqualität, was für die Wirksamkeit eines Gesamteindruckes (General Impression Halos) spricht. Dies galt insbesondere für vage Botschaften. Sie eignen sich daher besonders für Werbetreibende, weil Anzeigen in der Regel nur für kurze Zeit Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern kann auf Basis der Ergebnisse geraten werden, stärker auf die theoretische Überprüfbarkeit von Werbeslogans zu achten., IZNE Working Paper Series; 21/5

Aiming at the position and attitude tracking of coaxial rotor aircraft (CRA), this paper proposes a combinatorial control method of sliding mode control (SMC) coupled with proportional-integral-derivative control (PIDC). Considering the complete description of flight dynamics, aerodynamics and airflow interference, the dynamical model of CRA is established. The dynamical model is simplified according to the actual flight, then the simplified dynamical model is divided into two subsystems: a fully-actuated subsystem and an under-actuated subsystem. The controller of the fully-actuated subsystem consists of a SMC controller coupled with a rate bounded PIDC controller, while the controller of the under-actuated subsystem is composed of a SMC controller. The sliding manifold is defined by combining the position and velocity tracking errors of the state variables for each subsystem. Lyapunov stability theory is used to verify the stability of the sliding mode controller, which ensures that all state trajectories of the system can reach and stay on the sliding mode surface, the uncertainty and external interference of the model are compensated. Simulation and experiment compared with the conventional PIDC are carried out, the results demonstrate the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed control method of this paper.

The dry deposition flux of NH3 to coniferous forest was determined by the micrometeorological gradient method using a 36 m high tower. Aerodynamic characteristics of the site were studied, using a second tower erected in the forest 100 m from the first. Fluxes and gradients of heat and momentum measured on both towers indicated a fairly homogeneous turbulent flow field over the studied area of the forest. Site specific flux profile functions for heat were derived from continuous measurements of turbulent fluxes and gradients. These functions were used to derive fluxes from the observed gradients of NH3. In total, eighty 90-min NH3 flux runs were performed. The results indicate a strong nonstomatal uptake of NH3 by the forest. A representative dry deposition velocity for NH3 of 3.6 cm(-1) s was derived. The annual average flux was roughly estimated to be equivalent to 50 kg N ha(-1) yr, significantly higher than the critical load for coniferous forest.

Over the past decades the description of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) has been undertaken in order to find predictive models and/or mechanistic explanations for chemical as well as biological activities. This includes QSAR studies in toxicology. In an approach beyond the classical QSAR approaches, attempts have been made to define parameters for the QSAR studies on the basis of quantum mechanical computer calculations. The conversion of relatively small xenobiotics within the active sites of biotransformation enzymes can be expected to follow the general rules of chemistry. This makes the description of QSARs on the basis of only one parameter, chosen on the basis of insight in the mechanism, feasible. In contrast, toxicological endpoints can very often be the result of more than one physico-chemical interaction of the compound with the model system of interest. Therefore the description of quantitative structure-toxicity relationships often does not follow a one-descriptor mechanistic approach but starts from the other end, describing QSARs by multi-parameter approaches. The present paper focuses on the possibilities and restrictions of using computer-based QSAR modeling for analyzing experimental toxicological data, with emphasis on examples from the field of biotransformation and toxicity. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Chemicals/CAS: Hazardous Substances

In view of persistent global inequalities in scientific knowledge production with clear centers and peripheries, this paper examines a lingering concern for many scientists in the Global South: why is it, at times, so hard to have scientific insights from the South recognized? This paper addresses this big question from within a long-term field immersion in a Ugandan–Australian scientific collaboration in molecular biology. I show how disciplinary hierarchies of value affect the distribution of labor between Uganda and Australia and thematize the role of place and its affective atmospheres that texture the quotidian scientific work in this project. Unsurprisingly, they tend to devalue Ugandan sites and contributions, and turn Uganda into a rather unlikely site for new insights to emerge. However, in spite of doing devalued and outsourced “menial” labor such as fieldwork, Ugandan biologists’ fieldwork involves affective encounters with their experimental banana plants that thereby become differently thinkable. The paper argues that attending to affective atmospheres that infuse research sites offers clues about scientists’ position in global hierarchies and at the same time can help make room for insights that emanate from unexpected places.

The goal of this paper is to provide insights into how scientific evidence can be used for policymaking and put evidence-based agriculture and food policies at the top of research and policy agendas. We illustrate how scientific evidence can be used in a targeted manner for better policymaking and present an overview of the rich set of ex-ante and ex-post evaluation methods and tools that agricultural economists use for evaluating agricultural policies to provide evidence for policy decisions. We present insights into both established and new/emerging methods and approaches, including their advantages and disadvantages, and discuss their potential use for policy evaluation. We also discuss how methods and approaches should be combined and could be better targeted towards decision-makers. The paper also discusses the crucial role of high-quality data in supporting the science—policy interface. Finally, we present an overview of papers in this special issue titled ‘Evidence-Based Agricultural and Food Policy: The Role of Research for Policy Making’., Q Open, ISSN:2633-9048

Introduction. This paper investigates a transmission system based on FBMC/OQAM multiplexing. This system is characterized by a high spectral efficiency, thereby attracting interest as an alternative transmission method in future wireless mobile communication standards. However, a disadvantage of the system is the high complexity of signal processing. There are numerous publications that study the FBMC/OQAM system from a theoretical perspective. This paper presents an experimental study of a transmission system based on FBMC/OQAM.Aim. Verification of a transmission system based on FBMC/OQAM multiplexing in a wireless channel.Materials and methods. Computer simulation modeling in Matlab and experimental research using Keysight and Rohde & Schwarz certified measuring instruments.Results. A model of synthesis and signal processing was developed, and a frame structure was proposed. The processing included synchronization, since the study was carried out in a wireless double-dispersive channel. Time synchronization was provided by the method of time-domain correlation. A preamble consisting of two symbols was used for CFO compensation. Channel estimation in FBMC/OQAM was conducted by pilot symbols spread over the time-frequency domain, a method with an auxiliary pilot to compensate for intrinsic interference, as well as Zero Forcing and a linear interpolator. As a result, dependences of the bit error rate on the Eb/N0 in various channels were obtained. An error rate of 10−4 was achieved under the Eb/N0 equal to 13.4 dB, 15.3 dB and 20.9 dB in the first, second and third channel, respectively.Conclusion. A FBMC/OQAM-based transmission system with a linear equalizer can operate without a cyclic prefix in a multipath wireless channel, providing comparable noise immunity to OFDM-CP. Long frames should be used to obtain greater spectral efficiency, due to the presence of a transition zone at the beginning and end of the FBMC/OQAM frame.

This paper presents new research in the field of nonlinear static seismic analysis and the N2 method for soil-structure systems. The rationale for this study stems from the inclusion of soil-structure systems in simplified displacement-based design methods. The conducted research comprises three parts, including original experimental investigations, the development of numerical models and the validation of results. A new methodology is presented that provides a step-by-step procedure for the implementation of the N2 method on soil-structure systems. Results of a dynamic shake-table test on a simplified scaled structural model founded on compacted dry sand are presented, and a numerical model of the experiment is developed and calibrated with the inclusion of soil-structure interaction effects. This indicates one main significance of this paper, which is the variation between the experimental and the analytical model and how they can be compared. Lastly, a case study was conducted on a numerical model of a 3D steel building. The building was analysed using pushover analysis for a fixed base-case and by considering soil-structure interaction effects. The results of both observed cases were mutually compared and further examined by validating them with nonlinear dynamic analyses. A comparison was conducted considering the inter-story drifts, calculated according to the N2 method and time-history analyses. The results show good agreement when the N2 method is used for buildings on compliant soils. Overall, it was observed that a decrease in the inter-story drifts appears at ground level of the building. This research also provides a framework for future research in the examined field, for instance, on different types of buildings, building typologies and irregularities of the structural system.

PurposeResearch shows a recycling behavior gap where end consumers are positive towards recycling but do not act in accordance with their intentions. Such a gap creates challenges for reverse logistics systems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how adaptations in reverse logistics systems towards end consumers-turned-suppliers can improve recycling behavior.Design/methodology/approachA framework with three propositions is developed and evaluated empirically using a two-group dependent post-test quasi-experimental design. The empirical setting is recycling of household waste. Three interventions are evaluated as: (1) the social norms nudge, (2) the distance nudge and (3) the availability nudge.FindingsThe results show that nudging improved recycling action behavior for the experimental group. Control group behavior remained constant.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper suggests that the end-consumer’s role as suppliers needs to be included more actively into reverse logistics systems for products to enter the preferred loops of recycling in the circular economy.Originality/valueA new field of climate psychology is used to explain challenges in reverse logistics systems and nudging is demonstrated as a tool with which to deal with them. The study also shows how quasi-experiments can be applied in logistics research.

Svako poslovanje koje želi biti uspješno mora imati kvalitetnu organizaciju, a njezin je temelj uspješno i temeljito planiranje. Planiranje je temelj svakog uspješnog poduzeća, a nakon njega nastupa organizacija, vođenje, kontroliranje i upravljanje ljudskim resursima. Cilj je ovog završnog rada analizirati poduzeće koje se bavi planiranjem proizvodnje u strojnoj obradi. Cjelokupni se rad sastoji od dva dijela: teorijskog i eksperimentalnog, a svaki ima svoju ulogu. U teorijskom će dijelu biti prikazano kakav je process planiranja proizvodnje u strojnoj obradi, kakva mu je organizacija, tehnološka priprema, struktura te će se prikazati postupci obrade odvajanjem čestica. U eksperimentalnom će dijelu biti prikazan primjer planiranja obrade LTH Metal Cast tvrtke, koja se nalazi u korporaciji slovenske firme LTH Castings Group, točnije pogon LTH Metal Cast-a , koji se nalazi u Benkovcu. Na kraju samog rada prikazat će se zaključak i literatura koja je korištena u radu. Every business that wants to be successful must have a quality organization, and its foundation is successful and fundamental planning. Planning is the foundation of any successful company, followed by organization, leadership, control and management of human resources. The goal of this final paper is to analyze a company that deals with production planning in machining. The entire work consists of two parts: theoretical and experimental, and each has its own role. In the theoretical part, it will be shown what the production planning process is like in machining, what is its organization, technological preparation, structure, and the processing procedures by separating particles will be shown. In the experimental part, an example of the processing planning of the company LTH Metal Cast, which is located in the corporation of the Slovenian company LTH Castings Group, will be presented, the precise plant of LTH Metal Cast, which is located in Benkovac. At the end of the paper, the locked literature that was used in the paper will be displayed.

In recent years, deep learning methods have become increasingly capable of generating near photorealistic pictures and humanlike text up to the point that humans can no longer recognize what is real and what is AI-generated. Concerningly, there is evidence that some of these methods have already been adopted to produce fake social media profiles and content. We hypothesize that these advances have made detecting generated fake social media content in the feed extremely difficult, if not impossible, for the average user of social media. This paper presents the results of an experiment where 375 participants attempted to label real and generated profiles and posts in a simulated social media feed. The results support our hypothesis and suggest that even fully-generated fake profiles with posts written by an advanced text generator are difficult for humans to identify., This paper has been accepted for the upcoming 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-56)

The aim of the paper is to make an overview of standard windows system used in Slovak Republic. The investigation of the most common traditional wooden window is presented in this paper as a representative sample. These parts of building facades are the most vulnerable areas due to dynamic impact loads. Identification of the basic materials behavior is necessary for effective design of window system resilience. This research is divided to analysis of mechanical properties of components, their connections and boundary conditions. Research in this specific area helps to improve safety against unexpected extreme dynamic load such as explosions and shock impacts.

This paper analyses the implications of swelling in perspective of sealing technology for redox flow batteries (RFB). Mechanical failure due to swell in static sealing can occur on the elastomeric seal or on sealing flanges. The mechanical failure is in this case a fractured or deformed RFB component because of the swelling pressure. Swelling of such an elastomeric seal is a coupling of different physics phenomena, namely diffusion and solid mechanics. In an assembled RFB, seal swelling increases the contact pressure with the sealing flange, while making the components softer. It shifts the mechanical material properties of the components and also the stress tolerances. Graphite-polymer bipolar plates or PTFE / PP flowframes are common RFB sealing flanges and can become softer due to diffusion of the electrolyte fluid, making the flanges more prone to creep. These are time dependent effects that can create sealing failure or mechanical break of the sealing flanges and must be taken into account in RFB design. The presented experimental and modelling results validate the swelling behaviour for an assembled RFB. The compatibility tables of sealing materials in catalogues do not often differentiate swelling compatibility from chemical compatibility of a fluid. In addition, this paper proposes a basic selection procedure for swelling compatibility based on group experiments on Hansen solubility parameters (HSP).

Background: Two strategies commonly recommended to improve population diets include food labels and food taxes/subsidies. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of both strategies separately and in combination.Findings: An experiment with a 3x3 factorial design was conducted, including: three levels of price reduction (10%; 25%; and 50%) x three labels ('special offer', 'healthy choice' and 'special offer & healthy choice') on healthy foods defined following the Choices front-of-pack nutrition label. N = 109 participants completed the experiment by conducting a typical weekly shop for their household at a three-dimensional web-based supermarket. Data were analysed using analysis of covariance.Participants receiving a 50% price discount purchased significantly more healthy foods for their household in a typical weekly shop than the 10% discount (+8.7 items; 95%CI = 3.8-13.6) and the 25% discount group (+7.7 items; 95%CI = 2.74 - 12.6). However, the proportion of healthy foods was not significantly higher and the discounts lead to an increased amount of energy purchased. No significant effects of the labels were found.Conclusion: This study brings some relevant insights into the effects of price discounts on healthier foods coupled with different labels and shows that price effects over shadowed food labels. However, price discounts seem to have ambiguous effects; they do encourage the purchase of healthy products, but also lead to increased energy purchases. More research is needed to examine how pricing strategies can work in directing consumers towards interchanging unhealthier options for healthier alternatives. © 2013 Waterlander et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Transport scenario building is often used to examine alternative future narratives when there is considerable uncertainty or when business-as-usual is no longer appropriate. However, the potential of scenario-building narratives to achieve a more-effective integration of land use and transport in policymaking remains understudied. This paper analyses groups of factors that influence the effectiveness of scenario-building narratives to trigger interaction processes between planning actors and thus facilitate land use and transport integration. The research uses an experimental approach based on three parallel academically constructed cases -co-creation environments with planning actors tightly controlled by researchers to explore causality. The Henares Corridor in the Madrid Metropolitan Area, Spain serves as case study. The results indicate that higher degrees of land use and transport integration are achieved when the use of scenario-building narratives facilitates complex interactions among planning actors, who employ factors from various deliberation layers (internal, individual, and global). However, the degree of land use and transport integration decreases when scenario-building narratives are paired with simpler interactions, where factors from one or two deliberation layers dominate. The paper closes by examining the implications of the obtained findings for policymaking, including a reflection on the research design validity, its limitations, and potential for application in real-life experiments., This paper has been developed in the context of the following research projects: (i) "TRANS-URBAN: Simulación de escenarios cola-borativos para integrar políticas de transporte urbano sostenible y usos del suelo", funded by the Spanish Government under National R+D Plan 2018–2020 JCR. Grant Agreement No CSO2017-86914-C2-2-P; (ii) "iCITIES: Efectos urbanos y sociales del uso de internet para compras y trabajo", acción financiada por la Comunidad de Madrid en el marco del Convenio Plurianual con la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid en la línea de actuación estímulo a la investigación de M190020074JASL; (iii) “SPROUT: Sustainable Policy Response to Urban Mobility Transition”, funded by the European Commission under the European Union’s Ho-rizon 2020 research and innovation program. Grant agreement No 814910.

This paper is concerned with the design and structural optimization of a training device for operators of a hydraulic rescue tool employed during traffic accidents, in conjunction with the improvement of the technical procedures used in such situations. Changes in the design process and subsequent production in the motor industry frequently result in an increased impact resistance of the used structural components. This applies, also, to extrication works and frequently used technical equipment. This paper presents its findings on the design process for the prototype of a training device designed for the extrication cutting drill with the assistance of a hydraulic rescue tool. The primary part of the research was dedicated to structural optimization; therefore, parameter dimensioning of the training device’s prototype was implemented. The device’s mechanical resistance, sturdiness, and stability during the implementation of hydraulic tools were also taken into account. A secondary part of this research comprised experimental results aimed at assessing the time needed to cut through the structural parts of a vehicle—pillars “A” and “B”—while using a hydraulic rescue tool. The structural design of the pillars of selected mid-range vehicles, according to their year of manufacture, was employed. The experiment showed that the newer the vehicle, the higher the cutting resistance of the pillars (predominantly “B”-type pillars). The results revealed that the cutting-work drill contributes to the reduction in the actual cutting time. Furthermore, the identification of the optimal place for cutting and the cutting angle led to more efficient extrication processes that can be applied during rescue works resulting from traffic accidents.

Morphing trailing edge wing as an important morphing wing technology has gained wide attention because of its advantages, such as gust mitigation, improved aerodynamic efficiency, and reduced radar reflective area. However, the key problems such as low load carrying capacity and insufficient smooth deformation profile are still not solved in a balanced manner. The purpose of this paper is to design a seamless morphing trailing edge structure that has good load bearing capacity and can realize a chord-wise camber variation with a smooth contour subjected to the required aerodynamic load. In this paper, an innovative seamless trailing edge structure is proposed, and the critical dimensions and parameters are designed through a parametric study based on the 2D and 3D finite element models of the trailing edge structure. A physical prototype was designed and fabricated for deformation and load-bearing experiments. The finite element simulation and experimental results show that the morphing trailing edge can carry a 0.015 MPa aerodynamic load and realize the ±15° smooth camber change. The present study demonstrates the effectiveness and potential of the proposed morphing trailing edge concept for the real application on aircrafts.