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Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of anti-leukotrienes and inhaled glucocorticoids as monotherapy in people with asthma. Design: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials comparing anti-leukotrienes with inhaled glucocorticoids for 28 days or more in children and adults. Main outcome measure: Rate of exacerbations that required treatment with systemic glucocorticoids. Results: 13 trials (12 in adults, one in children) met the inclusion criteria; all were in people with mild and moderate asthma. Leukotriene receptor antagonists were compared with inhaled glucocorticoids at a daily dose equivalent to 400–450 μg beclometasone dipropionate. Patients treated with leukotriene receptor antagonists were 60% more likely to suffer an exacerbation requiring systemic glucocorticoids (relative risk 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.2; number needed to treat 27, 13 to 81). A 130 ml greater improvement (80 ml to 170 ml) in forced expiratory volume in one second and a 19 l/min greater increase (14 l to 24 l) in morning peak expiratory flow rate were noted in favour of inhaled glucocorticoids. Differences in favour of inhaled glucocorticoids were also observed for nocturnal awakenings, use of rescue β2 agonists, and days without symptoms. Risk of side effects was no different between groups, but leukotriene receptor antagonists were associated a 2.5-fold increase risk of withdrawals due to poor asthma control (relative risk 2.5, 1.8 to 3.5). Conclusions: Inhaled glucocorticoids doses equivalent to 400 μg/day beclometasone are more effective than leukotriene receptor antagonists in the treatment of adults with mild or moderate asthma. There is insufficient evidence to conclude on the efficacy of anti-leukotrienes in children. What is already known on this topic In 2000 a Cochrane systematic review tentatively concluded that control of asthma was better in patients treated with inhaled glucocorticoids as single agents than with anti-leukotrienes The 2002 Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines still classify the role of anti-leukotrienes as “under investigation” What this study adds Anti-leukotrienes as single agent are less effective than low doses of inhaled glucocorticoids for patients with mild and moderate persistent asthma

This paper argues that Pynchon may allude to Marcel Proust through the character Marcel in Part 4 of Gravity's Rainbow and, if so, what that could mean. I trace the textual clues that relate to Proust and analyze what Pynchon may be saying about a fellow great experimental writer.

Call for papers for International Pynchon Week 2013 to be held at Durham University, UK from the 5th-8th of August 2013

Signatura antiga: 365. El document original era en paper, segellat amb el segell del bisbe de València, el qual també usa el bisbe de Vic a falta del seu propi. Notes sobre les dates: Còpia de 1303, febrer, 26 Trasllat del manament que Ramon, bisbe de València, i Ponç, bisbe de Vic, transmeten a Arnau de Soler, ardiaca de Besalú, i Companyó d'Estanyol, prevere del capítol de Girona, de no exigir res per raó de delme al monestir de Sant Daniel

This study is designed to investigate the behavioral implications of "Activity-Based Costing" (ABC) in managerial accounting. The objective of the paper is to distinguish the major differences that exist between the ABC and other traditional costing systems. This objective is achieved through the use of an analytical framework and with the aid of an il1ustration. Following illustration presents the practical runifications along with the behavioral implications of the use of ABC in both manufacturing and service oriented companies in different countries. From the logic of the illustration, it becomes evident that ABC, as a revolutionary costing method, among other benefits, has the capacity of being used as an effective managerial problem solving tool. In Addition, the article presents and studies the relevent behavioral factors in the form of following four theses: 1- international, societal, and organizational climate, 2- managerial culture, 3- methods of managerial performance evaluation, and 4- existing organizational control environment. The paper concludes that the apllication of the ABC to different settings and utlizing its benefits, requires the fu11 recognition of its behavioral implications.

This paper examined the relationship between the two basic criteria "virtue" and "competence" in Islamic Management. Studies showed that from the perspective of management scholars in the West virtues and technical competencies have been taken identical and primarily in Western management paradigm no distinction has been drawn between these two measuresin most cases (MC Cowli and Lawtan, 2006). Regarding the fact that virtuesdefinedsomewhatdifferentlyin Islam fromwhat has been inthe West by the dominant view, in this paper by using semi-structured questionnaires and interviews it is tried to answer this question that does virtues have the same value as technical merits and competencies or is there significant difference between them in Islamic management which its basic valueshave differed somewhatfrom thevalues ofWesternmanagement? The statistical population for this study was as follows: a group of faculty members anddoctoral students of management at University of Tehran, University of Tarbiat Modarres and University of Allameh Tabatabaei, well-knowledgeable in principles of Islamic management and also number of Hawzah scholars, typically experts in the field of Islamic management. Findings from the data analysis showed thatrespondents, besides making distinction between virtues and competencies, in most cases have not taken these two criteria necessarily identical from the perspective of Islamic managementand contrary to popular opinion in the West and subsequently in Western management paradigm, virtue and competence criteria are two separate and somewhat different criteria from each other.

In general, due to the preceding of psychological approach over sociological approach in describing organizations, the role of governments and business organizations in developing countries has been argued in this paper. What has been neglected in the related scientific literature inside and abroad the country is role of NGOs in social development. NGOs that their numbers are increasing on a daily basis are divided into two categories of sacred and non-sacred. Some debateshave been made about NGOs, but conceptualizing faith based organizations which are NGO and sacred, has been remained obsolete. A faith-based organization has double effectiveness than other NGOs in providing social services and that is because of its faith capacity. This paper which is a case studysought to reveal the importance of these organizations more than ever before. To do, primarily with explaining normative rationality and conceptualization of faith based organizations, creating this type of organization was justified. Then, it studied these types of organizations. Finally, the role of faith-based organizations to provide social services was discussed.

Numerous management papers emphasizes the importance of strategic thinking among managers, but the issue that has been paid less attention is the link between strategic thinking and values. This link connects moralities with business logic. This paper aims at illustrating and defining conceptual framework for the explanation of connection between ethics and strategic thinking. Based on content analysis method, this research paper examines concepts concerning business in Nahjolbalagheh. It attempts to extract central ideas implied in that noteworthy Islamic source. By evaluating their significance and frequency, these ideas will be our guide for understanding the connection between ethic and strategic thinking. In the model derived from the Nahjolbalagheh, Imam Ali (A.S.) based on a transcendental attitude gives business divine approach along with materialistic one. The model presents ethical indices influencing business by focusing on basic indices of business. It demonstrates thinking criteria in business according to the Nahjolbalagheh. Efficiency of strategic thinking requires presentation of the model that shows the criteria of business strategic in a perfect interaction with moral values and includes ethical content associates with a well-defined process.

Kaizen is the practice of continuous improvement. Kaizen was originally introduced to the West by Japan. Today Kaizen is recognized worldwide as an important pillar of an organization’s long-term competitive strategy. Kaizen is continuous improvement that is based on certain guiding principles. Kaizen or continuous improvement of tasks is a model of management aims at encouraging persistent endless perseverance and diligence. This paper, by reviewing the Islamic aspects and implications implicit in Kaizen model of management concerning incessant improvement and prohibition of laziness, investigates the instructions provided in the narratives of the infallible Shia Imams and scrutinizes the possibility of modeling their conducts in this field. The present study is developmental in terms of purpose and is conducted by analytical descriptive method. To collect the required data, library method of study, note taking and classification of statements have been used. In this paper, firstly, as much as possible it has been tried to derive Kaizen principles implied in Islamic sources and then related sources associated with this concept have been identified and analyzed. In addition to finding more exact understanding of this concept, Islamic view relating Kaizen implied in these sources can be explained and applied in this field. However, Kaizen is the implementation of a certain Islamic instruction. Scrutinizing this issue proves that Islamic scholars should pay special attention to the sophisticated instructions of Islam for using Kaizen at different levels of management. And they are recommended to carry on for a striking noteworthy presence in different areas of science and persist to extract scientific discussions of Islamic sources.

This paper examines the concept of conflict and conflict management in the view of Islam and other management schools and investigates this concept in different views of management and attempts to find the similarities and differences between Islamic approaches and the views proposed by scientific schools. The research method of this paper is library method of study using various sources in this field based on rational and narrative methods. The results of this study are as follows: for different related scientific trends there are three major attitudes about conflict. The first one which is recognized traditional view among other three present attitudes believes that conflict is primarily destructive and should be avoided. The second view belongs to the human relations school of management and supposes that conflict is natural and inevitable. The third and last view in an interactive way assumes both functional and non-functional conflict (i.e.; positive and negative conflict) and confirms that in some special situations managers are recommended to create conflict when needed. In fact, each of the above mentioned views go to extremes about conflict at times. Islam states clearly a balanced view on this phenomenon. Despite the belief in both positive and negative attitudes in this regard emphasizes that drawing a borderline between positive and negative conflicts depends on factors such as individuals’ intentions, personal ability, subject matter and especially conflict situations.

The concept of participation in urban management is one of the most important and challenging issues in the field of urban development. Numerous theories and different approaches have been proposed until now in the international level while every view expressed for a particular society and a specific condition. Urban management in Iran is not in an organic interaction with urban planning. However, these must be in a constant connection and direct influence. Unfortunately, most of proceedings concerning urban management and urban planning in Iran need to be nationalized. They are typically organized in an up to bottom attempt while it is expected to be vice – versa. Now, considering the potentials and challenges facing public participation in Iran and by referring to significant contribution of great scholars such as Allameh Tabatabai who have comprehensive and noteworthy views on this important issue, the concept of participation can be locally nationalized. For this purpose, in this paper we first try to investigate the concept of participation in urban management. Second, by citing to the Allameh Tabatabai theory about the “conventional perceptions” (edrakat-e etebari) (including recruitment, community and justice, social property; council; interactive realism; guardianship of the Islamic community), his views on citizens’ participation and their role in the government are explained. Then we describe the role of government in the Muslim society and finally conclude that based on Allameh Tabatabai’s views, citizens’ participation in city management is inevitable and managers of these cities cannot make any decision or enact legislation or organize to implement their plans and projects and monitor their own work without consulting the principal beneficiary interested competent groups who the most important are people and citizens.

This study aimed to investigate the historical records and backgrounds of the Islamic public administration in the management literature of Iran and the world and within meta-theoretical and philosophical justification on the one hand and forming the basis of Islamic principles based on religious references and sources on the other hand. Accordingly, following methodology of the new public service movement, efforts have been made to formulate the fundamental principles of Islamic public administration. The first part of this research paper was to analyze and explore the evolution of knowledge of this movement. In the second part meta-theoretical and philosophical reasons for the current trend of management were provided. And the final part of the present paper presented the intellectual and practical foundations of the movement.

Among the scientific trends that could find accepted position in the humanities, in contrast to the prevalent positivism, was conventionalism. Conventionalism in its branches including the organizational studies is intended to use the knowledge results of different paradigms and tries to benefit from all the available conceivable possibilities to recognize organization. The most notably example of these efforts is the Morgan's use of metaphors to understand and deal with organization problems. These metaphors are not meant to be exhaustive and he acknowledges that they can be used individually or in combination to guide our understanding of organizations and organization problems. His aim is to show how metaphor is central to our thinking about organization and management and open new possibilities. This trend regardless of the reciprocal fundamentals in different paradigms fostered a paradoxical suggestion in itself. In contrast to this approach, the present paper introduces Allameh Tabataba'i's Meta-theory of E'tebariat (Agreed Perceptions) as a stronger version for human sciences that can provide a growing capacity for the Morgan's Images of Organization.

Investigation and explanation of criteria for selection and evaluation of managers' performances and functions and also assessment of their merits in the light of Imam Ali (A.S) teachings and sermons Method: This research is a review descriptive one using library method of study and has been categorized and compiled by citing various accounts of Nahjolbalagheh and related websites. Findings: In this paper, by studying Imam Ali (A.S) sermons, letters, sayings and his testament managers' merits and virtues were extracted. Of these, the following can be enumerated: justice, knowledge, good policy, knowing the expertise of planning, decisiveness, gentleness and moderateness, happiness and freshness, lawfulness, compromise, the ability for consultation and negotiation, eloquence and persuasiveness, real attraction and repulsion, obedience, temperance and moderation. Conclusion: Muslim society can increase its effectiveness and productivity by resorting to Imam Ali (A.S.) teachings and sermons in all areas of selection and appointment of managers and evaluation of their performances. On the other hand, proper management criteria in Islamic system of governance can be divided into three fields: knowledge, expertise and morality.

Spiritual intellect involves a collection of abilities and capacities that uses spiritual sources to improve people’s compatibility, conformity and satisfaction and provides a better life. This research paper aims at examination of the relationship between spiritual intellect and interactive skills by investigating the opinions of Isfahan University students. This research was practical and its method was a kind of descriptive survey and its statistical population was comprised of higher education students at Humanities department of Isfahan University. The stratified random sampling is implemented to evaluate the sample volume and 305 students were selected according to Kookran Formula. The research instruments were two researcher-made questionnaires including spiritual intellect and interactive skills. The validity of their contents was confirmed by experts and their reliabilities were assessed 85 and 96 respectively via Cronbach’s alpha test. Findings show that there are significant relationships between thinking and interactive skills, personal conceptualization and interactive skills, transcendental consciousness and interactive skills and improvement of self-consciousness and interactive skills.

The Move to Community Needs in Information and Communications Technologies, an Important Beginning for This Information Exchange the Transfer of Knowledge to the Production, Distribution and Heterogeneous Institutional of Science in the World Today Seems to be Necessary. New Information Technologies and the Transformation of its High Level of Service, Cultural, Religious, Political and Economic has Development. The Recent Revolution, the Challenges are in the Realm of Human Affairs, Profoundly Changed the Formation. Using the Tools of Futures Study, the Patterns Can be Represented Islam in This Area Offers the Perfect Example of the Social Relationships that Promote and Programs Necessary to Achieve These Patterns. In This Paper an Analytical Approach Based on Vision Processing with Tom Induction Hypothesis Islamic Doctrine has been Tested on Future Data Information Exchange for This purpose, a Sample Size of 117 Cases of Managers and Employees Working in Different Environments and with Different Levels of Education were Considered the Data was Analyzed. Finally, Two Variables Islamic Doctrine and Information Exchange was Confirmed in 99% Confidence Level. It is Suggested That the Next Display is the New World, Islamic Doctrine at all Levels and Layers of Micro and Macro Organizational, Social and Virtual Space is a Serious Consideration in This Study as Heuristic Depth Explanation is Religious.

In this paper we will explore the relation between the actors’ understanding of time and the problem solving strategies in a complicated situation. Drawing on ethnography and conversation analysis we will focus on the institutional interaction order governing the scenes these movies exhibit. Using phenomenology and Ernest Pople indices, we aim to analyze the understanding made of the time in these conversations. In doing so we will consider the moment in which the violators rationalize the reasons behind their violations. The results show that while the time that law, the police and even the road technologies rely on is homogeneous and linear, the drivers employ the expressions connotating an iterative understanding of time. The paper concludes with showing how the law breaking drivers base their conversations on a nonlinear time to manage the difficult situations they are involved with. This suggests that far from a universal category, time is a category constantly taking different shapes in different everyday encounters.

The purpose of this study was to identify the components and methods used in Islamic management research in order to select managers of organizations based on Islamic criteria in the research and in the method of synthesis research. Methodological approach in this qualitative study was using synthesis strategy and content analysis method. Referring to reliable databases and data, there were found 157 articles in the field of Islamic management during the years 1380 to 1396, many of which were unrelated to the objectives of the present study and were published by non-academic writers, among which there were a number 43 articles were selected as sample and purposefully. Findings of the research showed that the most important indicators identified in the field of Islamic management research were: Ordinary Ethics, Religion and Al-Khudjouri, Justice, Softness, and Good Behavior, Al-Sadr, Piety, Thought and Thought, Integrity, Modesty and modesty, courage, simple biology, specialization, trusteeship, forgiveness, consultation and co-operation, legalism, meritocracy. Among other findings of the present study, we can use the qualitative research method as a dominant method in Islamic management studies. Of the 43 articles reviewed, 15 papers have been published individually and 28 articles have been published collectively, and men have been the most involved in these studies. Most of the resources used in Islamic management studies related to the Holy Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah.

Lack of aboriginal governance model, which is appropriate to national, cultural and ideological circumstances of Iran, is one of the most important problems in the development process of Iran. This paper used Meta-Analysis Method (MAM) to combine the findings of other researches and tries to take a step forward in developing the Iranian Governance model. In this study, 68 articles and reports about governance issues published in the period from 2003 to 2015 have been studied. These articles have been obtained from the four main scientific databases in two main parts including descriptive finding and analytic qualitative finding. In the descriptive part, we used six indicators for description of the articles includes types of article, publishing period, typology, researchers’ gender, geographical distribution, and research methods. Quiddity, knowing why and knowing how were the three main indicators, due to the Belicky's research, for the analytical part. The results of the meta-analysis showed that Iranian researches in the field of governance are in the scope of knowing why and their articles are more about quiddity of governance and why governance models are needed. Although there are some serious criticisms for this theory, “Good governance” is the dominant theory among Iranian researchers. Some researchers have developed “Islamic Good Governance” models but these recommendations seem too intellectual and theoretical and because of the paradoxical roots they will not be very useful.

Contact Logics provide a natural framework for representing and reasoning about regions in several areas of computer science. In this paper, we focus our attention on reasoning methods for Contact Logics and address the satisfiability problem and the unifiability problem. Firstly, we give sound and complete tableaux-based decision procedures in Contact Logics and we obtain new results about the decidability/complexity of the satisfiability problem in these logics. Secondly, we address the computability of the unifiability problem in Contact Logics and we obtain new results about the unification type of the unifiability problem in these logics.

215 x 160 mm. Péssim estat de conservació (paper desfent-se per l´humitat, no se poden passar les fulles; aprox. 25 fl.). Relligat amb un pergamí de 1362 que només cobreix la part posterior del quadern. Llibre judiciari de la Cort del Molinell

Gravity is a prominent physical concept in 'Gravity's Rainbow', as already announced by the novel's title. If the second part of the title – the poetic image of the rainbow – is bound up with mathematical formulas and the parabolic path of the Rocket, so conversely, this paper argues, Pynchon's novel introduces a relation between gravity and fiction. The paper explores 'Gravity's Rainbow''s use of the changing historical understandings of gravitation from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries by examining the novel's illustration of Newton and Leibniz's opposed concepts as well as its references to gravity as understood in Einstein's theory of relativity. When tracing the notions of gravity as force, fictitious force, and frame of reference, a particular focus lies on the relation of physical imagery to ethical questions and on the way 'Gravity's Rainbow' provides a physico-ethical explanation of Slothrop's disappearance from the novel.

This paper compares sharing (equity) and debt contracts in presence of moral hazard which manifests as the hidden effort undertaken by the entrepreneur. The originality of this paper relatively to the existing studies consists in performing the comparison between the two types of contracts while considering a more general context along two dimensions. The first dimension is enabling the internal funds of the entrepreneur to vary between 0% and a level just inferior to 100%. The second dimension is the incorporation of an incentive mechanism to the sharing contract in the context of a two‐period relationship. I showed that the sharing and debt contracts are feasible when the internal funds of the entrepreneur are superior to determined thresholds. These thresholds depend on the characteristics of the project (size, payoffs, and probability of success/failure) and the opportunity cost of the financier. The debt contract is shown to be characterized by larger financial access than the sharing contract. I have also shown that the enlargement of the financial‐relationship to two periods has an incentivizing effect on the entrepreneur and enlarges the region of financial access for the two types of contracts, if a common condition of sufficiently foresighted entrepreneur is satisfied. However, two distinct conditions are also necessary for the enlargement of the financial access to occur. For the sharing contract, the second condition is related to the size of the project which should be inferior to a determined threshold. For the debt contract, the second condition is related to the threat of non‐renewal of the financing in case of first‐period failure, which should be sufficiently stringent. In addition, it has been shown that the more restrictive the threat of non‐renewal the larger the region of financial access. However, this is realized at the expense of the second period investment which decreases, and represents the economic efficiency’ effect of the debt contract. Finally, I discussed the effect on the financial access of taxing the “risk‐free” financial operation and subsidizing the “higher effort” of the insufficiently‐capitalized entrepreneurs.

The Relationship Between Agricultural Prices and Food Prices This paper examines the relationships between agriculture, food processing, trade and retail, and consumers at the macro-economic level in France, between 1978 and 2005. The surplus account method is applied using input-output tables (IOT). In order to do so, volume and price indices are calculated for all the elements of the IOTs' to measure the productivity of agriculture and food processing industries and measure the transfers of purchasing power between various economic agents. Agriculture includes forestry and fishing. Food processing industries are divided into two sub-sectors: meat and dairy, and other food processing industries. Trade and retail activities are measured by marketing margins. To measure relationships between sectors, we use the table of intermediate inputs. Relationships with the rest of the world are taken into account through imports and exports. The subsidies and taxes are introduced either at the stage of production, or at the stage of use of products. Payments of factors in each sector are deducted from income accounts, their volume being calculated like an aggregate of the labour and fixed assets being used., Ce texte examine, sur le plan macroéconomique, les relations entre l'agriculture, les industries agro-alimentaires, le commerce et les consommateurs, en France, entre 1978 et 2005. La méthode des comptes de surplus est appliquée aux tableaux entrées-sorties pour mesurer la productivité de l'agriculture et des industries alimentaires et apprécier les transferts de pouvoir d'achat entre les différents agents. L'agriculture inclut la sylviculture et la pêche. Les industries sont divisées en deux branches, les industries de la viande et du lait et les autres industries alimentaires. L'activité du commerce est mesurée par les marges commerciales. Pour apprécier les relations entre branches, le tableau des entrées intermédiaires est utilisé. Les relations avec l'étranger sont prises en compte à travers les importations et les exportations. Les subventions et les taxes sont introduites soit au stade de la production, soit au stade de l'utilisation des produits. Le revenu des facteurs internes des branches est déduit des comptes d'exploitation, leur volume étant calculé comme un agrégat du travail et du capital fixe utilisés., Butault Jean-Pierre. La relation entre prix agricoles et prix alimentaires. In: Revue française d'économie, volume 23, n°2, 2008. pp. 215-241.

Incipit: La capitulacion de los Reyes de Castilla con el Rey y Principe de Portugal Títol obtingut de la coberta Lletra gòtica cursiva cortesana Paper Coté anotació a la portadella: Por esta cedula real Alvaro de Yllescas juez executor desposo a Pedro de Lavanda y jo Juan de Lavanda por mandado de los sres Reyes catholicos por cumplir con las capitulaciones año de mill y quatro cientos ochenta

Spiral Architecture is a relatively new and powerful approach to general purpose machine vision system. On this novel architecture, image rotation is achieved by Spiral Multiplication. However, the general image rotation on Spiral Architecture has two effects. One is scaling segmentation and the other is rotation. This paper presents an algorithm to achieve image rotation without scaling on Spiral Architecture, which improves the Spiral Architecture’s usage in image processing.

Big amounts of textual information are generated every day, and existing techniques can hardly deal with such information flow. However, users expect fast and exact information management and retrieval tools. Clustering is a well-known technique for grouping similar data and in such a way making it more manageable and usable. Text clustering is an adaptation of clustering for a very specific data - documents. However, it is not transferable directly to any language, i.e. specifics of language influence performance quite a lot, as shows results for English and other well investigated languages. In this paper we apply different distances and clustering approaches for Lithuanian data, discuss results and provide recommendations for documents in Lithuanian clustering.

Due to current improvements in techniques for islet isolation and transplantation and protocols for immunosuppressants, islet transplantation has become an effective treatment for severe diabetes patients. Many diabetic animal models have contributed to such improvements. In this paper, we focus on 3 types of models with different mechanisms for inducing diabetes mellitus (DM): models induced by drugs including streptozotocin (STZ), pancreatomized models, and spontaneous models due to autoimmunity. STZ-induced diabetes is one of the most commonly used experimental diabetic models and is employed using many specimens including rodents, pigs or monkeys. The management of STZ models is well established for islet studies. Pancreatomized models reveal different aspects compared to STZ-induced models in terms of loss of function in the increase and decrease of blood glucose and therefore are useful for evaluating the condition in total pancreatomized patients. Spontaneous models are useful for preclinical studies including the assessment of immunosuppressants because such models involve the same mechanisms as type 1 DM in the clinical setting. In conclusion, islet researchers should select suitable diabetic animal models according to the aim of the study.

This paper introduces strong bisimulation for continuous-time Markov decision processes (CTMDPs), a stochastic model which allows for a nondeterministic choice between exponential distributions, and shows that bisimulation preserves the validity of CSL. To that end, we interpret the semantics of CSL - a stochastic variant of CTL for continuous-time Markov chains - on CTMDPs and show its measure theoretic soundness. The main challenge faced in this paper is the proof of logical preservation that is substantially based on measure theory.

Transport levels continue to increase worldwide representing complex challenges to climate change prevention and the liveability of cities. Private car use in particular represents a critical problem due to its negative impacts on global climate, local air quality and congestion. In recent years, interest has arisen in the concept of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) as one possible path towards sustainable mobility futures. MaaS builds on the idea of a shift from private car ownershipto a seamlessly integrated system providing access to multimodal mobility options including public transport and shared mobility services like car and bike sharing. Currently, only few examples of MaaS exist (e.g. Whim in Finland) and knowledge of user experiences is limited.The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of how shared mobilities fit with the everyday life and social practices of citizens. Methodologically, the paper will draw on insights from qualitative interviews with families using shared mobility schemes in Copenhagen. The interviews will be informed by a practice theoretical approach focusing on how mobility practices are shaped through elements of materials, competences, and meaning (Shove and Pantzar, 2005) in order to study the ability of MaaS to fit people’s social practices. To inform the discussion of our empirical results, we include a literature review of existing studies of user experiences with Maas and a review and analysis of user practice representations in existing MaaS trials; i.e. how the use of MaaS is envisaged. challenges to climate change prevention and the liveability of cities. Private car use in particular represents a critical problem due to its negative impacts on global climate, local air quality and congestion. In recent years, interest has arisen in the concept of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) as one possible path towards sustainable mobility futures. MaaS builds on the idea of a shift from private car ownership to a seamlessly integrated system providing access to multimodal mobility options including public transport and shared mobility services like car and bike sharing. Currently, only few examples of MaaS exist (e.g. Whim in Finland) and knowledge of user experiences is limited.The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of how shared mobilities fit with the everyday life and social practices of citizens. Methodologically, the paper will draw on insights from qualitative interviews with families using shared mobility schemes in Copenhagen. The interviews will be informed by a practice theoretical approach focusing on how mobility practices are shaped through elements of materials, competences, and meaning (Shove and Pantzar, 2005) in order to study the ability of MaaS to fit people’s social practices. To inform the discussion of our empirical results, we include a literature review of existing studies of user experiences with Maas and a review and analysis of user practice representations in existing MaaS trials; i.e. how the use of MaaS is envisaged.

The interest in multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) has increased as the industrial processes have become more complex. This paper presents an industrial process involving a plastic part in which, due to the number of correlated variables, the inversion of the covariance matrix becomes impossible, and the classical MSPC cannot be used to identify physical aspects that explain the causes of variation or to increase the knowledge about the process behaviour. In order to solve this problem, a Multivariate Statistical Process Control based on Principal Component Analysis (MSPC-PCA) approach was used and an R code was developed to implement it according some commercial software used for this purpose, namely the ProMV (c) 2016 from ProSensus, Inc. (www.prosensus.ca). Based on used dataset, it was possible to illustrate the principles of MSPC-PCA. This work intends to illustrate the implementation of MSPC-PCA in R step by step, to help the user community of R to be able to perform it., FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(UID/CEC/00319/2013)

The paper explores the uniqueness properties of the subjective probabilities in two axiomatizations of state-dependent preferences. Karni, Schmeidler, and Vind's (KSV 1983) system depends on selecting an arbitrary auxiliary probability, and as such, does not guarantee the uniqueness of the derived subjective probability. However, an axiom system initially designed by Karni and Schmeidler (KS 1981) and further elaborated upon here does guarantee the desired uniqueness as well as a useful property of “stability” of the derived solution. When the preference relation displays state-independence, even the KS probabilities may not agree with those derived from the classic Anscombe-Aumann (AA 1963) theorem. However, we claim that, in this case, the KS rather than the AA probabilities are the appropriate representation of the agent's beliefs.

In this paper, the problem of approximating a function defined on a finite subset of the real line by a family of generalized rational functions whose numerator and denominator spaces satisfy the Haar conditions on some closed interval [a, b] containing the finite set is considered. The pointwise closure of the family restricted to the finite set is explicitly determined. The representation obtained is used to analyze the convergence of best approximations on discrete subsets of [a, b] to best approximations over the whole interval (as the discrete subsets become dense) in the case that the function approximated is continuous on [a, b] and the rational family consists of quotients of algebraic polynomials. It is found that the convergence is uniform over [a, b] if the function approximated is a so-called normal point. Only L p {L_p} norms with 1 ⩽ p > ∞ 1 \leqslant p > \infty are employed.

The intention of this paper is to set forth for a potential user of approximate molecular orbital methods some of the precautions to be considered in their application and in the interpretation of the results.

A medical genetics clinic is a unique and complex environment in which care requires a combination of medical knowledge, social intelligence, and emotional sensitivity. We offer a few pearls from our medical genetics clinic that we hope will help the pediatric or general dermatologist when caring for patients with known or suspected genetic disorders. This paper addresses five main topics: When is it more than just atopic dermatitis? How should the clinician approach blistering in the newborn period? What is mosaicism? When is genetic testing useful? Where can clinician, patients, and families turn for available resources?

Dates establertes a partir dels documents inclosos datats, una carta del 1571 i una referència temporal explícita d'una obra de 1636 Recull factici de diverses obres que inclou "Luoghi di Historie di varij libri che trattano Aldana e Maldonado, che è tutta una" i quatre documents al final relacionats directament amb el poeta hispanoitalià Francisco de Aldana (1537-1578): còpia de diploma en llatí per Hernando i Cosme d'Aldana (germans del poeta) i concessió per part de Francesc I de Medicis als germans Aldana d'una mercè de 300 ducats a l'any 1571, còpia de carta de don Fadrique de Toledo, IV Duc d'Alba, a Francisco de Aldana, Tordesillas, 20 de febrer de 1577, còpia i traducció a l'italià d'una carta escrita originalment en portuguès, del rei don Sebastià de Portugal a l'ambaixador Cristòbal de Moura, sobre els mèrits del capità Francisco de Aldana, Salvaterra, 10 de desembre de 1577 , carta autògrafa de Benito Arias Montano a Francisco de Aldana, Madrid, 30 de gener de 1578 Francisco de Aldana (Regne de Nàpols, 1537 - Kasr al-Kabir (Marroc), 4 d'agost de 1578) fou un militar espanyol, i un dels més importants poetes en llengua castellana del segle XVI, en la segona fase del Renaixement espanyol. No hi ha constància certa del lloc exacte del seu naixement, per la qual cosa i per l'existència de diferents famílies amb el mateix cognom, la seva filiació s'ha debatut durant segles: Gil Polo, en les estrofes finals del "Canto del Turia" (1564), esmenta un Aldana entre els poetes valencians del seu temps, a qui Maians (seguit després per Ximeno) identifica erròniament amb el poeta castellà, i el suposa nascut a València. Torres Amat comparteix aquesta identificació errada, però afirmant que nasqué a Tortosa, de la família dels Aldana tortosins. Menéndez Pelayo els desmenteix dient que probablement era de Valencia de Alcántara, i encara Rodríguez-Moñino el faria d'Alcántara, sense prou fonament. Finalment, Elias L. Rivers, basant-se en documents llavors inèdits, determinà que molt probablement era nascut al regne de Nàpols i fill del militar extremeny Antonio de Aldana Manuscrit sobre paper; 298 x 210 mm. Enquadernació en pergamí sobre cartró, títol manuscrit al llom: "Histaldana" Aquest manuscrit ha estat objecte d'estudi a l'article d'Adalid Nievas Rojas, '“Para seguir cortes y servir a los reyes de la tierra”: las vidas cruzadas de Aldana y Arias Montano a raíz de un nuevo documento', publicat a Studia Aurea, 2021, núm. 15, p. 533-610. Disponible a https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/studiaaurea.450 Manuscrit sobre el llinatge dels Aldana, integrat per tres seccions ben diferenciades: Breve ragguaglio ed historia di Don Ferdinando d’Aldana, primo dei Maldonadi, istorie ricavate dei vari libri, e documenti che trattano della famiglia Perez d’Aldan Maldonado. L'obra en una primera part explica la història del fundador de la família Aldana, Hernado de Aldana, i com va canviar el seu cognom per Maldonado arran d'un duel que va guanyar contra Guillem de Normandia mentre feia un pelegrinatge a la Mare de Déu de Montserrat. La segona part, titulada “Luoghi di Historie di varij libri che trattano Alda-na e Maldonado, che è tutta una”, conté una antologia de passatges extrets de diferents llibres que tracten sobre la família Aldana o sobre alguns dels seus membres, citant diferents fonts, com ara el "Libro de las cosas y grandezas memorables de España" o "La crónica de la orden de Calatrava". La tercera i última part del manuscrit conté quatre documents relacionats directament amb Francisco d'Aldana o amb la seva família

In the process of European integration, national constitutional law remains crucial, in several respects. The EU Constitution, in its broadest sense, builds on the common constitutional traditions and principles of the Member States, and EU law refers back to national constitutional law in many ways. National constitutional law contributes to constitutionalising the EU, to give it legitimacy, and to ensure that the EU and the Member States as its agents continue to comply with fundamental constitutional requirements, such as the rule of law, democracy and accountability, and the protection of fundamental rights. Also, from the national perspective, national constitutional law remains essential, since it provides the foundation of membership of the EU, it is decisive for the procedures to be followed when powers are transferred at times of accession and Treaty amendment, and it serves to provide the connection between the national and the EU legal orders. Participation in the EU requires adaptation of the national constitutional arrangements, and national constitutions should not be neglected in the process of the constitutionalisation of Europe. This paper looks into the national constitutional experience of the EU-15 with the EU and asks whether lessons can be learned for candidate countries.

This paper presents a work that aims to study seismo-electromagnetic phenomena in the Western Part of the Eurasia-Nubia Plate Boundary. This region has a significant tectonic activity combined with relatively low electromagnetic noise levels, rendering high quality seismo-electromagnetic measurements possible. An overview of the topic is made and future perspectives are presented.

This paper studies the dynamic time-varying formation control of multi-agent systems. Aiming at the unmanned vehicle systems, based on the static time-varying formation in literature [18], a multi-agent dynamic time-varying formation control based on consistency is put forward. Additionally, the sufficient conditions for the agreement and the steps for solving the control parameters are given. The simulation is conducted to prove the effectiveness and robustness of the theoretical results.

Software frameworks are difficult for plugin developers to use, even when they are well designed and documented. Some of these difficulties stem from the many constraints that frameworks impose on plugin code. These constraints might restrict operations from being called on certain objects, or they might restrict how long an object is available. Additionally, the constraints are relative to the current context of the plugin, and they can involve multiple, interacting framework objects. This paper proposes a lightweight specification system and analysis to check plugins from a semantic perspective, rather than a purely structural view.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las formas de sociabilidad entre estudiantes secundarios de dos escuelas de gestión estatal de la provincia de Buenos Aires en Argentina. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa cuyo corpus empírico está compuesto por sociogramas, entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales realizados con alumnos durante los años 2012 y 2014. En un primer momento, se analizan los modos de agrupamiento de los jóvenes en cada una de sus escuelas. Luego, se indagan los motivos por los cuales los estudiantes se eligen o rechazan con sus compañeros. Por último, se interpreta que las diferentes formas de sociabilidad en cada escuela están asociadas al grado de movilidad del plantel estudiantil de cada institución. The aim of this paper is to analyze the forms of sociability among secondary school students in two state-managed schools in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The research was of a qualitative nature, and its empirical corpus consists of sociograms, in-depth interviews, and focus groups carried out with students in 2012 and 2014. First, the types of young people’s groups in each school are analyzed. Then the students’ motives for selecting or rejecting classmates are researched. Lastly, the different forms of sociability in each school are interpreted to be associated with the degree of student mobility in each institution. Fil: Di Napoli, Pablo Nahuel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofia y Letras. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

This paper develops a model of crime analyzing how such behavior is associated with individual and neighborhood poverty. The model shows that even under relatively minimal assumptions, a connection between individual poverty and both property and violent crimes will arise, and moreover, neighborhood effects can develop, but will differ substantially in nature across crime types. A key implication is that greater economic segregation in a city should have no effect or a negative effect on property crime, but a positive effect on violent crime. Using IV methods, I show this implication to be consistent with the empirical evidence.

This paper proposes a novel approach to design a controller in discrete time for the class of uncertain nonlinear systems in the presence of magnitude constrains of control signal which are treated as the saturation nonlinearity. A associative law between reinforcement learning algorithm based on adaptive NRBF neural networks and the theory of robust control Ho is set up in a novel control structure, in which the proposed controller allows learning and control on-line to compensate multiple uncertain nonlinearities as well as minimizing both the H. tracking performance index function and the unknown nonlinear dynamic approximation errors. The novel theorem of robust stabilization of the closed-loop system is declared and proved. Simulation results verify the theoretical analysis.

Today, around the world, Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) project finance model is used frequently in numerous projects. One key aspect to the success of project company who wishing to gain BOT tender is to prepare a financial package consistent with the expectations of the related participants in accordance with BOT contract. The debt to equity ratio, the concession length and the unit prices are the important financial decision variables to be determined by the project company. The objective of this paper is to present financial optimization model including two different procurement objectives; (1) potential of winning a BOT project and (2) potential of finding debt. The optimization model solved by multi-objective evolutionary algorithm generate a set of pareto solutions to help project company assess the trade-offs between the two competing objectives. To show application of the model, a real airport YİD project in Turkey study is conducted., Bugün dünyada pek çok projede Yap İşlet Devret (YİD) proje finansman modelinin sıklıkla kullanıldığını gözlemlemekteyiz. YİD ihalesini kazanmak isteyen proje şirketinin başarısı için kilit görüş, YİD sözleşmesi gereğince ilişkide olduğu tarafların beklentileriyle uyumlu finansal bir paket hazırlamasıdır. Proje şirketinin belirleyeceği özsermaye borç oranı, imtiyaz (çalışma) süresi ve ürün/hizmetlerin birim fiyatları önemli finansal karar değişkenleridir. Proje şirketinin ihaleyi kazanma potansiyeli ve borç bulma potansiyeli iki farklı ihale hedefidir. Çalışmanın amacı, bu hedefleri içeren finansal optimizasyon modelini sunmaktır. Çok amaçlı evrimsel algoritma ile çözümlenen model, pareto çözümler kümesi sunarak, iki çelişen amaç arasındaki değişimi değerlendirmede karar vericilere yardımcı olmaktadır. Modelin uygulaması için Türkiye’deki bir havaalanı YİD projesi verileri kullanılmıştır.

The meaning of psychosocial factors for the course of breast cancer--First results of a prospective research project. Studies investigating the meaning of psychosocial factors for the course of cancerous diseases have so far been contradictious. In this paper the basic datas and first results of a prospective research project on this topic covering 107 breast cancer patients are reported. Somatic datas such as stage of lymph-nodes, type of surgery and additional treatments (radiation therapy or chemotherapy), are less important for the coping process 6 months after primary treatment than the cognitive attitudes of the patients toward their disease. About 56 percent of the patients coped quite well with their disease, 44 percent showed difficulties. The group of patients whose somatic and psychosocial prognosis was judged rather unfavorably at the time of the first examination, showed the highest rate of recidivation and progredience in the follow-up of the first 12 months.

In the field of Business Process Management formal models for the control flow of business processes have been designed since more than 15 years. Which methods are best suited to verify the bulk of these models? The first step is to select a formal language which fixes the semantics of the models. We adopt the language of Boolean systems as reference language for Boolean process models. Boolean systems form a simple subclass of coloured Petri nets. Their characteristics are low tokens to model explicitly states with a subsequent skipping of activations and arbitrary logical rules of type AND, XOR, OR etc. to model the split and join of the control flow. We apply model checking as a verification method for the safeness and liveness of Boolean systems. Model checking of Boolean systems uses the elementary theory of propositional logic, no modal operators are needed. Our verification builds on a finite complete prefix of a certain T-system attached to the Boolean system. It splits the processes of the Boolean system into a finite set of base processes of bounded length. Their behaviour translates to formulas from propositional logic. Our verification task consists in checking the satisfiability of these formulas. In addition we have implemented our model checking algorithm as a java program. The time needed to verify a given Boolean system depends critically on the number of initial tokens. Because the algorithm has to solve certain SAT-problems, polynomial complexity cannot be expected. The paper closes with the model checking of some Boolean process models which have been designed as Event-driven Process Chains.

The Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility consists of two identical radiographic sources each with a dose rating of ∼4-rad at 1 m, and a ∼1-mm diameter spot size. The development of the rod pinch diode (RPD) was responsible for the ability to meet these criteria. The RPD in each machine uses a 0.75-mm tungsten diameter tapered anode rod extended through a 9-mm diameter cathode aperture. When properly configured, the electron beam born off the aperture edge can self-insulate and pinch onto the tip of the rod creating an intense, small x-ray source. These sources are utilized in concert with an imaging system on complex experiments, which are single-shot, high-value events. In such an application there is an emphasis on machine performance (reliability and reproducibility). Vacuum quality is a significant determinator for source performance. In this paper we discuss the Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility, the associated vacuum systems, vacuum monitor calibration and a multi-purpose vacuum chamber. Vacuum system performance, using various enhancements, will be reported. Using the vacuum system enhancements, as well as other machine tweaks, recent source performance has improved. This new level of performance will be presented via dosimetry and electrical measurements.

The performance of spatial modulation (SM) is known to be dominated by the minimum Euclidean distance (MED) in the received SM constellation. In this paper, a symbol scaling technique is proposed for SM in the multiple-inputmultiple- output (MIMO) channel that enhances the MED to improve the performance of SM. This is achieved by forming fixed sets of candidate pre-scaling factors for the transmit antennas, which are randomly generated and are known at both the transmitter and receiver. For a given channel realization, the transmitter chooses the specific set of factors that maximizes the MED. Given the channel state information readily available at the receiver for detection, the receiver independently chooses the same set of pre-scaling factors and uses them for the detection of both the antenna index and the symbol of interest. We analytically calculate the attainable gains of the proposed technique in terms of its transmit diversity order based on both the distribution of the MED and on the theory of classical order statistics. Furthermore, we show that the proposed scheme offers a scalable performance-complexity tradeoff for SM by varying the number of candidate sets of pre-scaling factors, with significant performance improvements compared to conventional SM.

Diego de Cañizares y Arteaga, escriuano de Camara del Rey.. Escut a la portada. La PR66 i la PR67 són iguals.. Pragmàtica en que sa Majestat ordena, que d'ara endavant no es pot fer, ni escriure cap escriptura, ni instrument públic, ni altres despatxos, que per menor aniran declarats en una cèdula de sa Magestad, sinó és en paper segellat amb un dels quatre segells..