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From the end of the nineteenth century and one hundred years onward, home sewing was an important part of many women’s duties, but it was also a pleasure, something that existed parallel with the emerging mass-produced ready-to-wear industry. The paper patterns used for home dressmaking were often sold and distributed through women’s magazines. These pattern sections were both a kind of reader service and a conscious strategy to capture the female target group. This article, based on an analysis of three Swedish magazines, is the first in-depth survey of patterns for home sewing of women’s clothes in Sweden. The study shows how the magazines adapted to changes in society with increasingly easier patterns and ready-cut fabric for their readers. By highlighting women making their clothes in the home, this article contributes to an often-neglected area of women’s memory and fashion history.

W. H. Auden was among the most influential twentieth-century poets. New digital-edition projects aim to contribute to investigating his life and work in Austria. While the model of 'assertive edition' helps to address both philologically- and historically/biographically-oriented research interests, this paper will focus on formally representing uncertainty and editorial interpretation.

In this original paper, the development of a paper-based, sensitive, low-cost, quantitative and consistent biosensor system was demonstrated for the suitable “naked-eye” detection of phenolic compounds (specifical catechol). The Paper-based system depends on the enzymatic color-changing reaction that observed by using chromogenic agent of 4-AAP (4-aminoantipyrine) which has a specific color changing reaction in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme, phenol and H2O2. The visual result was associated with the catechol concentration by using image processing software to evaluate the quantitative detection. The developed biosensor system demonstrated a linear detection range from catechol between 2,5 µM to 100 µM with 2.6% to 9.3 % of sd results. The detection limit was also calculated as 2,25 µM. Specificity, selectivity, stability and direct real sample analysis demonstrated the potential applicability of the developed paper-based biosensor system for catechol detection in food samples with minimal investment and an easy-to-use method.

The goal of this study was to provide useful information for people（including graduate students） who want to write and publish academic psychology papers. To estimate（a） the length of time it will take to complete a paper and（b） the future duration of current academic publishing systems, I applied the delta t argument developed by Gott（1993）. Based on some real-world data on publication statistics and a selective history of publishing systems, I argued that（a）a paper may be completed sooner than the author expects and（b） the older peer review system may coexist with or last longer than recent approaches to academic publishing.

In 2021, there are reportedly 2,755 billionaires on Earth, with an estimated total net worth of $13.1 trillion. Every year the newspaper Forbes conducts the list of World Billionaires, but we need to acknowledge that, not all billionaires and their wealth gets reported. Usually, the net worth is reported by calculating the number of stocks with the number of shares that the person owns. We take into consideration that the number we see in the newspaper exists only on paper, but the amount of money in the bank account of Billionaire does, not reflect that kind of wealth in any shape and form.Paper wealth differs from “real” or actual wealth, which is the value of the physical assets that are at the disposal of an individual or company. Many individuals and corporations fall victim to the paper wealth trap. On paper, it looks as though the assets logged are worth a certain amount, but the real assets in hand do not add up to the same. In order to assess, the real wealth individual has to realize the asset in the market by selling the asset mentioned below. If the taxpayer sells these assets, it has accumulated capital gains, then the taxpayer is subject to capital gains taxes.By using the tax planning strategy “Buy, Borrow, and Die” the wealthy individual avoids paying the capital gain tax on the assets that they have. This principle suggests buying and holding assets as they appreciate tax-free, as well borrow using the assets as leverage and using debt to reduce or eliminate income and estate taxes, and maximize aftertax wealth accumulation, as well after the taxpayer pass away the heirs, sell the whole wealth is tax-free, and the debt is paid with the tax-free proceeds.

Vocabulary is an essential component in learning a second or a foreign language. It is one of the most important aspects of obtaining all four language skills; reading, listening, speaking, and writing. Therefore, teaching and learning vocabulary should be done through various-interactive media so that children are interested in acquiring it. Integrating gamefication-based learning media can be utilised to support the teaching-learning vocabulary. In addition, Paper-Mode Quizziz can be used as a game-based learning platform offering multiple tools to make a classroom fun, interactive, and engaging in learning vocabulary. This research aimed at investigating the use of Paper-Mode Quizizz to improve students’ vocabulary at eighth grade students. This research was Classroom Action Research conducted at eighth grade students. The research subject was 8C grade students of SMP SSA Negeri Kloposawit 1 Candipuro. Further, this research was conducted in two cycles. In cycle I, the researcher found that the eighth-grade students’ vocabulary mastery was improved. The average score was 72,4. Further, in cycle II, the eighth-grade students’ vocabulary mastery was much better than in cycle II. the average score was 81,4. It showed that the use of Paper-Mode Quizizz profoundly improved the eighth-grade students’ vocabulary mastery. In addition, the students were more enjoyed, actively participated, highly motivated, and engaged with the use of Paper-Mode Quizizz in learning new vocabularies. In short, the implementation of Paper-Mode Quizizz profoundly improved the students’ vocabulary mastery at eighth-grade students in learning English.

With concepts like the consumer revolution or the industrious revolution, the changing behaviour of private households in the 18th and early 19th centuries has become of great interest. The article suggests a new way to observe intentions and decisions, by utilizing a database of 850,000 classified ads from the Basel Avisblatt over a span of 116 years. Changes in food prices constantly altered the discretionary income of households, which forced budget-related decisions. By cross-correlating indicators of discretionary income with the changing number of different types of ads, patterns of utilizing the Avisblatt can be identified, and strategies to stabilize discretionary income deduced.

The Nordic, particularly Swedish and Finnish, pulp and paper (P&P) companies are represented in earlier research as using specialized maritime transport systems – based on roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) vessels – in long-term collaborations with shipping companies after the Second World War. However, the strategic choices of the P&P companies that led to this development have not been researched. Based on studies of the Swedish P&P companies that developed specialized maritime transport systems during the period 1960–2015, this article sheds light on the reasons for these maritime transport systems. As well as the growth of exports, the expansion of P&P companies through mergers and acquisitions and the increased value of the exported goods, the study shows that the Swedish ro-ro trend, diversified and sensitive products, pressure from customers for frequent and speedy deliveries, and a fairly short distance to stable main markets, were additional factors.

This article is the second part of a two-part presentation of an anonymous Russian-Chinese-Manchu manuscript dictionary from before 1737 held in the papers of T.S. Bayer (16941738) in Glasgow University Library. It examines the annotations found on sixty of the dictionarys 217 pages. These annotations use a mixture of Cyrillic and Latin script to give the pronunciation of the Chinese and Manchu entries. The article also discusses otherwise unattested Chinese and Manchu lexical entries found in the dictionary, and the use of popular variant character forms in the Chinese entries.

Ressenya del llibre: Jiménez Sureda, Montserrat (2020) Amb el cor al paper. Història i teoria de les cartes d’amor Cerdanyola del Vallès: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Servei de Publicacions), 525 p. Per: Álvaro Soto Hernández (UAB) ISBN 978-84-4909-322-7

Paper based lateral flow systems are widely used biosensor platforms to detect biomolecules in a liquid sample. Proteins, bacteria, oligonucleotides, and nanoparticles were investigated in the literature. In this work we designed a magnetic platform including dual magnets and tested the flow of micron size immunomagnetic particles alone and when loaded with cells on two different types of papers. The wetting conditions of the paper and the applied external magnetic field are the two dominant factors affecting the particle and cell transport in paper. The images recorded with a cell phone, or with a bright field optical microscope were analyzed to measure the flow of particles and cells. The effect of wetting conditions and magnetic force were measured, and it was shown that in the worst case 90% of the introduced cells reached to the edge of the paper. The paper based magnetophoretic lateral flow systems can be used for cell assays.

Paper-cut is one of the oldest folk art of Chinese Han nationality. The author assesses the unique artistic form and value of Chinese folk paper-cut art based on a brief summarize of its history, unique artistic style, inheritance and development. It is hoped that the research of this paper may point out a clear direction for the inheritance of Chinese traditional literature and art, thereby developing modern folk paper-cut art with Chinese characteristics

When toilet paper disappeared from store shelves across Japan in November 1973, the housewives who searched their neighborhood markets and stood in long lines for the scarce packs were described as unwitting perpetrators of a “toilet paper panic.” The word “panic” evoked well-established notions of a social frenzy, irrational and overwrought. This article overturns a conception of panic laden with condescension and adopts, instead, a more empathetic approach to examining why a run on toilet paper and other daily necessities occurred in late 1973, and why it resonated so deeply across Japan as a “panic.” In the broader context of the early 1970s, the toilet paper scare and its characterization as a “panic” can be understood as responses to sweeping and multifaceted economic challenges that destabilized daily life and threatened to upend middle-class lifestyles. After more than fifteen years of high economic growth, that sense of middle-class comfort and security was shaken by shortages and inflation as well as mounting evidence of government ineptitude and corporate profiteering. Buffeted by insecurity and uncertainty, Japanese “middle-classness” as both an experience and an ideal had never seemed as vulnerable as it did in the early 1970s.

International audience; In 2014 leading publishers withdrew more than 120 nonsensical publications automatically generated with the SCIgen program. Casual observations suggested that similar problematic papers are still published and sold, without follow-up retractions. No systematic screening has been performed and the prevalence of such nonsensical publications in the scientific literature is unknown. Our contribution is 2-fold. First, we designed a detector that combs the scientific literature for grammar-based computer-generated papers. Applied to SCIgen, it has a 83.6% precision. Second, we performed a scientometric study of the 243 detected SCIgen-papers from 19 publishers. We estimate the prevalence of SCIgen-papers to be 75 per million papers in Information and Computing Sciences. Only 19% of the 243 problematic papers were dealt with: formal retraction (12) or silent removal (34). Publishers still serve and sometimes sell the remaining 197 papers without any caveat. We found evidence of citation manipulation via edited SCIgen bibliographies. This work reveals metric gaming up to the point of absurdity: fraudsters publish nonsensical algorithmically generated papers featuring genuine references. It stresses the need to screen papers for nonsense before peer-review and chase citation manipulation in published papers. Overall, this is yet another illustration of the harmful effects of the pressure to publish or perish.

This essay examines early modern alba amicorum as collections of social and intellectual networks, personal memories, and other textual and visual materials. In what way are these ‘paper worlds’ related to collections of objects, and to networks of connections? How do they interact with other book and manuscript genres, such as the emblem and the costume book? Taking the album of the Dutch collector Bernardus Paludanus (1550-1633) as a case study, an argument will be made regarding the conceptual and material kinship of alba with other forms of manuscript and print collections. The intermediality and materiality of friendship books will be shown to be crucial aspects for understanding how this medium functioned within early modern cultures of collecting and the communal production of memory and knowledge.

review of Orietta da Rold, Paper in Medieval England: From Pulp to Fictions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020)

Methodological mistakes, data errors, and scientific misconduct are considered prevalent problems in science that are often difficult to detect. In this study, we explore the potential of using data from Twitter for discovering problems with publications. In this case study, we analyzed tweet texts of three retracted publications about COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019)/SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and their retraction notices. We did not find early warning signs in tweet texts regarding one publication, but we did find tweets that casted doubt on the validity of the two other publications shortly after their publication date. An extension of our current work might lead to an early warning system that makes the scientific community aware of problems with certain publications. Other sources, such as blogs or post-publication peer-review sites, could be included in such an early warning system. The methodology proposed in this case study should be validated using larger publication sets that also include a control group, i.e., publications that were not retracted.

In Nazi Germany (1933–45), reclaiming waste became an intrinsic component of the regime’s economy as well as its ideological, racial, and expansionist ambitions. National Socialist interventions in...

Wastewater in an industry which is often called liquid waste is a by-product produced by several human activities. Liquid waste pollution from industrial effluents containing lead (Pb) in dug well water used by the community for daily needs can cause poisoning and health complaints. This study aims to determine the content of lead (Pb) in the liquid waste stream and well water as well as public health complaints around the pulp and paper industry. This type of research was descriptive with the observational method. Liquid waste from the paper and pulp industry is known to contain heavy metal type lead (Pb), if it pollutes the environment around the industry it can cause various negative impacts for the community. There were 2 samples of dug well water 90 meters that have lead content above the quality standard, namely in well 8 and well 10 with lead content of 2,998 mg/L and 4,247 mg/L while for other dug well water it did not exceed the threshold value with results below 0.0085 mg/L. Based on the results of interviews with 40 respondents, most of the respondents who used dug well 8 and well 10 water experienced health complaints such as skin redness and itching on the hands and arms, and the most experienced redness, itching, and hot eyes after using dug well water contaminated with lead (Pb).

The article examines Soviet paper reuse as an ideological, economic daily practice, implemented through the advanced, but hitherto undescribed Soiuzutil’ waste collecting system by the early 1930s as the reverse side of Stalinist industrialization. It argues that Soiuzutil’ waste paper handling attempted to form a new socialist collective by reworking old print while cultivating citizens as classless scrap-collectors, for the sake of an (ir)rational resource optimization. While World War II intensified recycling efforts among the Allied and Axis powers, invasion and evacuation damaged Soviet waste collection to a point where no return of paper into a centralized system was possible. War forced printers and consumers to retreat to local self-supply networks, as paper remained a crucial, yet scarce resource. By analyzing technical-educational literature and correspondence of the reutilization offices, the article demonstrates the changing attitudes in the Stalinist war economy, the industries, and the population towards mobilizing and saving paper.

This paper describes the preliminary results of my PhD research within the ERC pro­ject “HisTochText”. The aim is to perform macroscopic analyses of archaeological papers from the Pelliot Collection. They are stored in the National Library of France (Bibliothèque nationale de France). Most were discovered in the oasis kingdom of Kucha, inscribed in an ancient Indian writing, brāhmῑ. The language was unknown in France. Kucha was a meeting place for many influences both western and eastern, insofar as paper analysis seeks to determine technological influences and local adaptations. Macroscopic analyses rely on traces found in the material of the paper which may be the result of the many stages in the life of the document: the raw material, the manufacturing process, the conditions of use and the storage conditions, both ancient and modern. To this day 350 fragments have been observed. Little is known about papermaking in Central Asia. As a consequence, every shred of information must be examined in order to deter­mine the differences from and similarities to paper manufacturing in Xinjiang.

Antiretroviral treatment has undergone major changes in the last 20 years, from monotherapy, to dual therapy and finally to triple therapy. Lately, more focus has been placed on better, more well-tolerated combinations and formulations. As in most other disciplines in medicine, the development of paediatric HIV dosages and formulations always tends to lag behind adult research. Twenty years ago, it could take several years before data were available to enable the use of life-saving antiretrovirals in children. Paediatricians, being ever resourceful, were not prepared to let their paediatric patients suffer despite the lack of data or formulations and so made a plan. This article describes some of the trials and tribulations that we went through trying to make sure that our paediatric HIV patients not only survived but thrived. Clinicians treating paediatric patients today have it so much easier because of what our colleagues and their patients went through in those early days.

В статье представлен обзор личного фонда историка и археолога, специалиста по истории и культуре Западной Руси Л. В. Алексеева (Научно-отраслевой архив ИА РАН, Ф-52). Фонд состоит из трех больших разделов, включающих археологические экспедиционные материалы по раскопкам и разведкам Л. В. Алексеева за период с 1951 по 1989 г. на территории Белоруссии, Смоленской и Псковской областей, рабочие материалы к публикациям и личные документы. Значительный раздел фонда составляют материалы и документы учителя и друга Л. В. Алексеева -историка и археолога, академика АН СССР, профессора Б. А. Рыбакова. В совокупности данные фонда дополняют сведения о биографии и становлении научного пути Л. В. Алексеева и позволят будущим исследователям расширить представление о деятельности ученого. The paper provides an overview of personal papers of L. V. Alekseev, a historian, an archaeologist and a specialist on history and culture of Western Russia (Scientific Archives of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS, fond-52). The fond is composed of three large sections that include materials from archaeological expeditions and surveys conducted by L. V. Alekseev in 1951-1989 in Belorussia, the Smolensk and the Pskov regions; working materials for publications; and personal documents. Materials and documents of professor B. A. Rybakov, a historian, an archaeologist, a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, who was L. V. Alekseev’s teacher and a friend, is another large part of this fond. The data of the fond complement information on biography and scientific career of L. V. Alekseev and will help future researchers expand their knowledge of the scholar’s activities.

В статье представлен обзор личного фонда М. Ф. Косарева, поступившего в Научно-отраслевой архив Института археологии РАН в 2019 г. (Ф. 68). Материалы фонда содержат отчетные данные о работах Западно-Сибирской археологической экспедиции ИА АН СССР в 1960-1980-е гг., рукописи статей и монографий, сведения о научной и служебной деятельности ученого. Архивные дела фонда являются источником по изучению культур бронзового века Западной Сибири и Урала и различных аспектов истории и этнографии этих регионов, сибирского язычества. The paper provides an overview M. F. Kosarev’s personal papers acquired by the Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS, in 2019 (fond 68). The materials from these personal papers contain reports on the work carried out by the Western Siberia Archaeological Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology, USSR Academy of Sciences, in 1960-1980s, manuscript copies of papers and monographs, information on research and official activities of the scholar. Archival file-cases of the fond are used as a source for studies of the Bronze Age cultures in Western Siberia and the Urals as well as various aspects of history and ethnography of these regions, and Siberian paganism.

Learning a second language is challenging, but mastering pronunciation is even more difficult. Researchers continuously seek new ways to improve students’ English abilities, such as listening and speaking, while ignoring the importance of pronunciation. After conducting a literature review, this article investigates the impact of corpora and two instructional methods on improving students’ pronunciation. The paper addresses how to teach pronunciation effectively in the context of English as a second language. According to the review, corpus resources, critical listening, and shadowing can all be used independently to enhance students’ proficiency in second language learning. Hence, an innovative Corpus-based Critical Listening and Shadowing model has been devised as an aid in the teaching of pronunciation by providing more specific suggestions for teachers and students, with the expectation that students will perform better once they have been taught pronunciation using the methodology. The current study’s findings have pedagogical and methodological implications for pronunciation teaching, learning and research. The implications and future directions of the innovative Corpus-based Critical Listening and Shadowing model are also discussed.

L’objectiu d’aquest article és estudiar la importància que té l’arxiucom a eina de construcció d’una identitat nacional i si a través de la sevaorganització es pot veure si la dita construcció nacional ha estat reeixida ono. En aquest sentit, s’agafa l’exemple de l’Arxiu Històric Nacional d’Espanyai s’analitza des de l’organització dels primers arxius en territori espanyolfins a la construcció de l’Arxiu Històric Nacional a finals del segle xix.Mitjançant aquesta anàlisi també es posa en relleu el paper que va tenir laHistòria en la formació de la identitat nacional i la seva interrelació ambl’arxiu. Una ciència no podria ser sense l’altre.

The peer-reviewed Australian Zoologist, first published in 1914, is Australia’s longest-lived zoological journal. Its publication history shows changes in the zoological topics covered over the last 100 years, including the animals studied, characteristics of the authors and readership, and the influence of the databases used to study the journal on information retrieval. Searches in different databases retrieved different numbers of papers; Scopus (including secondary documents not in the database but cited by documents that are in the database) was the most comprehensive. Although authors from 22 countries contributed papers over the history of the Australian Zoologist, over 90% of authors were Australian. Most international authors came from the USA, the UK, Canada and New Zealand. Approximately two-thirds of authors citing Australian Zoologist were Australian-based, but there were still 10 or more authors from each of thirty-four other countries citing Australian Zoologist: while regional, the journal has an international profile. Highly cited papers in Australian Zoologist had high mean Scopus percentile ranks (20th century 83.9, 21st century 73.7), indicating that in comparison to their fields globally, these papers are used well above average. Considering all papers published in Australian Zoologist, over time the proportion of papers in the categories ‘Biodiversity & Conservation’ and ‘Environmental Sciences & Ecology’ rose significantly, reflecting the increased research in these areas. Between 2013 and 2019, when relevant metrics are available in Scopus, Australian Zoologist declined in no metric measured while improving significantly in CiteScore, Highest Percentile, and % Cited, indicating increasing references to Australian Zoologist papers by other peer-reviewed publications. Between 2010 and 2019, 2.1% of Australian Zoologist papers were ranked within the top 10% in their fields globally, based on citation impact. Authors considering publishing in Australian Zoologist should note that longer papers are acceptable, colour imagery (including photographs) is encouraged, the journal is visible in major databases, it is cited internationally and there are no page charges.

During the colonial era, the French colonial government in Canada experimented with paper money printed on the back of playing cards. The first experiment lasted from 1685 to 1719. In the first years, there was little inflation in spite of a rapidly expanding stock of playing card money. It is only in the later years of the experiment that prices rose. The behavior of the money stock and nominal output suggest that velocity fluctuated throughout the period. We argue here that these fluctuations can be explained by variations in the enforcement of legal tender laws. This interpretation provides insights into the debate over the inflationary impact of paper money in the colonial United States.

At an international online expert meeting held on September 16, 2021, the results of the empagliflozin research program EMPA-REG Outcome, EMPEROR-Reduced and EMPEROR-Preserved were reviewed. We analyzed cardiovascular and renal outcomes during the treatment with empagliflozin in patients with chronic heart failure, regardless of the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The positive results of the EMPEROR-Preserved study are updated and their significance for clinical practice is discussed. Several proposals have been adopted that will accelerate the introduction of empagliflozin therapy into practice in patients with heart failure and overcome clinical inertia.На состоявшемся 16 сентября 2021 г. международном онлайн-совещании экспертов рассмотрены результаты программы исследований эмпаглифлозина: EMPA-REG Outcome, EMPEROR-Reduced и EMPEROR-Preserved. Проанализированы данные о частоте развития осложнений сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и болезни почек при применении эмпаглифлозина по сравнению с плацебо у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью независимо от наличия сахарного диабета 2-го типа. Отмечена важность положительных результатов исследования EMPEROR-Preserved и обсуждено их значение для клинической практики. Принят ряд предложений, которые позволят ускорить внедрение терапии эмпаглифлозином в клиническую практику лечения пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью и преодолеть клиническую инертность.

For five hundred eighty days, between 2018 and 2019, former Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva remained imprisoned in the city of Curitiba, about two hundred miles South of São Paulo. During that period, more than twenty thousand letters were sent to him from all regions of the country—the result of a campaign initiated by the Workers’ Party and rapidly disseminated through social media—correspondence now archived at the Lula Institute, in the city of São Paulo, as part of the Lula Presidential Archives. This article surveys the status of private presidential archives in Brazil, probing the nature of “prison letters” and their uses in campaign actions for Lula’s release, with special attention to the circulation of documents in digital format on websites and social media. The authors had access to the documentation cited in this piece during the mobilization for the Lula Livre movements. Finally, the article contributes to the study of political correspondence and analyzes the challenges posed to historical research by the digital circulation of documents.

This article is an analysis of the historiography of the battle of Cerro Gordo. It is intended to see the generalities of the story, as well as the authors who wrote the subject, their enunciation horizons, the importance they give it and which ones are available to know the battle. At the end of this historiographic balance, it is established that some current works have reused an almost invariable narrative form, having as their origin a single story, which, due to its enunciation horizon, has set aside analytical views to the history of the battle. Therefore, to begin a historiographic reconstruction in the new military history, a methodological tool provided by historian John Keegan is proposed, called: “the piece of battle”, which consist of a series of critical-methodological concepts to detect simplifications of human behavior in war stories and specifically a battle tell.

https://doi.org/10.33063/diva-503969 In pursuit of global knowledge: Scandinavian ocean travelers 1650-1810

We have discovered a consistent and asymptotically normal estimator of regression parameters that does not require any assumptions about the conditional distribution family. Our approach allows to analyze all kinds of count or continuous response, including over/under dispersed, semi-continuous and zero-inflated, within a single model.