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Transforming Pulp and Paper (P&P) mills into Integrated Forest Biorefineries (IFBR) is a prominent solution to save Canadian P&P industry that has been facing decline of conventional paper demand. ...

In order to obtain a lignin-based adsorbent with low cost, simple operation and no further modification, a calcium lignin adsorbent was prepared from chemical mechanical pulping (CMP) waste liquor by directly calcification from lime. The calcium lignin was characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, FT-IR and solid-state NMR analyses. The results showed that the molecular structure of the calcium lignin particles did not change when compared to sodium lignin, the formation mechanism of calcium lignin was revealed. The initial COD and lignin contents of CMP waste liquid were 54858 mg/L and 24.39 g/L, the conversion rate of lignin can reach 71.36% when was deal with lime. Thus, most of the lignin resources in the waste liquid were recovered. The middle-stage wastewater (MSWW) of pulping and papermaking was dealt with calcium lignin, the COD removal rate was up to 85.83%. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics were well fitted by the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. Lime was regenerated from the used calcium lignin with high-temperature calcination, the conversion rate of calcium ions can reach 83.56%. Overall, the calcium lignin prepared by the one-step method exhibited great potential for effectively removing COD from middle-stage wastewater.

The pulp and paper industry converts roundwood and recycled fibre, collected from wastepaper into printing and writing papers, and other specialty grades of paper. The pulp and paper mills in Ontar...

Less than 65% of wastepaper can be recycled, and the remaining wastepaper may end up polluting groundwater and generating greenhouse gas emissions if disposed improperly by using traditional approa...

Research by the paper industry into new materials to expand the raw material base for pulp is on the ascendancy due to growing demand for pulp and paper products. This study assessed the anatomical...

This practitioner paper presents the case of a small paper business named JNA Pulp, initiated with the vision to provide high-quality imported paper to the market. The paper discusses several hurdl...

The alarming global deforestation rate has great impacts on the output of the Pulp and paper Industry since wood is the principal papermaking fiber material. Although, generally, bamboo is an alter...

The thriving development of the paper industry leaves behind a great amount of pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS), which constitutes a considerable source of pollution. Experts estimate that...

In this study, the viability of acetylation in cellulose fibers waste (CFW) from pulp and paper mill sludge was investigated in comparison to bleached cellulose fibers (BCF). Four acetylation metho...

A two-step process involving coagulation-flocculation followed by solar photocatalysis – based Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) using TiO2-Reduced Graphene Oxide (TRGO) nanocomposite as catalyst ha...

The anatomical and chemical properties of a lesser known species, Kawui wood, were investigated Two trees were examined based on IAWA, ASTM and SNI. A completely randomised design was used with rad...

Recently, Correa et al. [1] conducted experiments on the relationship between solidification parameters, including solidification time ts and secondary dendrite arm spacing λ2, for an Al-3wt.%Cu-3w...

This study was carried out to evaluate the physical and thermal characteristics of briquettes made from a mixture of paper pulp and Mesua ferrea leaves. Paper pulp/ground Mesua ferrea leaves mixtur...

This paper examines the effect of ground-level ozone county non-attainment status on the product-mix decisions of plants in the pulp, paper, and paperboard industries. Plants located in non-attainm...

International audience; In this study, a system combining an anaerobic moving-bed biofilm reactor and a microbial fuel cell (MFC) was designed for simultaneous bioelectricity generation and pulp/paper wastewater (PPW) treatment. After 22 days, when hydraulic retention time (HRT) was set at 72 h, ceramsite-added MFC (C-MFC) showed better bioelectricity performance with power density of 94.5 mW/m2 and internal resistance of 35.7 Ω, as compared to the control without ceramsite (W-MFC) (56.1 mW/m2, 54.3 Ω). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies of C-MFC and W-MFC were 65.6% and 51.3%, respectively. The C-MFC demonstrated its superior electrochemical performance compared to the W-MFC.

The global demand for paper-based products continues to increase amidst challenges with raw material supply to the pulp industries. Considerable efforts to discover new wood resources from tropical...

Variations in wood properties such as basic density, tissue proportion, fibre dimensions and their derived indices, cellulose and lignin content of Melia dubia at five age gradations were e...

Structural colors generated by colloidal crystals offer a promising method to create large-scale nanostructures due to their stability in comparison with dyes and pigments. However, the low durabil...

Within the Master’s course “Civil Engineering” at TU Darmstadt, a project has to be carried out. In the winter term 2018/2019 this was the design and fabrication of a bridge spanning 6 m and made e...

Companies and investors have an important role to play in preventing further degradation of the natural environment and supporting its improvements. This requires decision-useful, readily available...

This article examines the industrial wastes and environmental effects of Soviet technological development through the history of the Karelian Isthmus, a border territory that had previously been Fi...

A chronological synopsis of the history of the technology used in experimental and testing work relating to artillery pieces is presented. The period covered is from the mid-seventeenth century up ...

This article examines the manufacture and use of commercial plain papers in the United States between 1860 and 1900. Although plain paper printing is thought to have fallen out of use in the United...

Theodore Gericault (1791–1824), one of the early proponents of lithography, experimented with the use of stone paper, a hand-coated paper that was formulated specifically for lithographic printing....

Packaging and more specifically environmentally friendly packaging has received considerable attention over the years. This paper seeks to provide an investigation into the issue of overpackaging r...

The 5th Historic Mortars Conference was held in Pamplona, at the University of Navarra, Spain, during June 19–21, 2019. HMC 2019 hosted more than 150 scientific communications from the five continents. The underlying theme was the interest in the Historic Mortars from multiple points of view: *Analysis of ancient materials, either in archaeological sites or in structures of the Architectural Heritage. *Studies on a wide variety of materials (such as renders and plasters, grouts, masonry materials and coatings) and compositions (earth-based mortars, gypsum plasters, hydraulic mortars, air lime mortars, mortars with pozzolans, natural and Roman cement mortars). *Research works on historic production, processing and application, including lime technologies. *Archaeometry studies. *Conservation issues: diagnosis, decay and damage mechanisms, case studies. *Preservation and repair materials: consolidation products, new mortars with improved properties, additives and admixtures, use of nanotechnology to obtain highly efficient repair products, preventive conservation. *Requirements for repair works and materials and adequacy of the testing procedures.

Nowadays, human beings are facing big challenges of energy shortage, environmental issues, and sustainable development. Rapid development in technology and industry causes increase in environmental...

Topic development and focus are relatively neglected areas of the student research process. This study examined how students in a freshman engineering writing class developed initial research paper...

In the present work, the physicochemical, mineralogical, and morphological characteristics of coal combustion residues (CCRs) collected from two different Pulp and Paper Mills of Assam, India, have been investigated. CCRs from both the sources were mechanically sieved to obtain various size-classified fractions and their physical properties were determined using standard methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) etc. techniques were employed to study the mineralogical and morphological characteristics of each size classified fraction. The loss on ignition (LOI) values of the coarser fractions were found to be unexceptionally high, implying the presence of a huge amount of unburned carbon, and indicating the incomplete combustion of feed coal. From the utilization point of view, coarser fractions may be recycled (as domestic fuels) and less-coarse fractions may be used as adsorbents of toxic organic chemicals. Due to th...

In January 2017, China released its first ever White Paper on Asia-Pacific security cooperation, which sought to embolden Beijing’s (littoral) leadership in the region. Highlighting maritime security in the Asia-Pacific as a regional hotspot, the policy paper called for the establishment of a favourable regional order by underlining the merits of cooperative security. Simultaneously, it also sought to entrench China’s sovereign interests by displaying a ‘reactive assertiveness’ in the maritime domain. Referring to the South China Sea (SCS) dispute in particular, the paper declared that while China remained committed to upholding freedom of navigation in the SCS, it would also not shy away from making a “necessary response" to violation of its territorial integrity. Beijing’s desire to enhance its economic and military influence in the maritime domain understandably has an effect on the security calculus of the Asia-Pacific. In response to China's growing military capabilities and assertiveness in ...

The 6th Micro and Nano Flows Conference was held at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, between 9-12 of September 2018, see http://mnf2018.com. The conference Local Organizi...

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a valuable fiber and medicinal plant from the Malvaceae family. It is an alternative crop that may be a feasible source of cellulose which is economically viable and ecologically friendly. This plant is cultivated for its fiber although its leaves and seeds have also been used in traditional medicine in India and Africa for the treatment of various disease conditions. Kenaf fibers are commonly used for paper pulp and cordage, but it is also a promising lignocellulosic feedstock for bioenergy production. The kenaf seed oil can be used for cooking and in different industrial applications. The present paper is an overview on its ethnobotanical and phytochemical properties reported in the literature that we have investigated and its great potential as a valuable multipurpose crop due to numerous uses.

In this study, we have extracted and bleached fibers from three plants (Typha latifolia, Agave americana, and Pennisetum alopecuroides). The obtained pulp contains more than 50% of fines and fibers with lengths not exceeding 1 mm. Generally, the amount of fines depends on fiber source, fiber morphology, pulping conditions, and the extent of mechanical treatment. Handsheets were produced with plant fibers alone or mixed (in different percentages: 7.5%, 15%, 22.5%, and 30%) with a commercial kraft pulp. The mechanical and optical properties of the sheets (breaking length, tear index, young modulus, whiteness, and opacity) show that plants could be used as a substitute fiber supply for the paper industry. However, fines were hardly retained in the sheets. A model to explain the removal of fines is proposed.

Coal combustion power stations generate huge quantities of ash annually; thus, utilization of such waste residues is an important and essential component for sustainable disposal and management. This paper summarizes an investigation carried out on the coal combustion residues (CCRs) collected from Cachar Paper Mill, Assam, India. A thorough characterization of ash has been carried out with respect to its physicochemical, mineralogical, and morphological features by using density determination, loss on ignition (LOI) determination, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy with electron dispersive X-ray, etc. . The coarser fraction appears to contain a high percentage of char, semi-coked/coked carbonaceous particles, and exceptionally high LOI (86%) values. The carbonaceous matters contain some aliphatic carbon, which implies incomplete combustion. For correlating the total characteristic features, various experiments were performed based on wh...

The existing waste paper recycling technologies are based on partial incorporation of recycled cellulose fibers into “new” paper products. The main usage is in low-grade products, such as paperboards or wrapping papers. However, due to electronization of mass media in combination with increasing quantities of leaflets and continuous downward pressures on paper production costs, the waste paper currently used in the recycling scheme is of lower quality than paper used decades ago. It contains much more fillers, adhesives, dyes, polishers, and similar additives that are problematic for conventional paper recycling technologies. A sharp growth of this trend encourages conceptual reengineering of the existing technological processes in waste paper management. A techno-economic analysis of energy utilization by means combustion, anaerobic fermentation (also accelerated by steam-explosion), and pyrolysis was carried out in a pilot scale. The results have revealed that if the current trend continues, it ...

This paper investigates the addition of paper making reject fibre into pilot-scale MDF panels with the aim of creating cost savings in board manufacture, without compromising board properties. The contamination of the paper rejects by trace metals was assessed and determined not to be an impediment to use of the material in panels. Dried paper rejects were added to the board furnish in varying amounts. Initial trials utilising 0.25 m2 boards showed a positive results in terms of improved MOR and MOE when adding paper rejects. On upscaling to 1 m2 boards this positive effect was reduced to non-significant levels. However, there was no significant reduction in board properties at the highest levels of reject fibre addition. This suggests that waste paper rejects may be used to reduce the amount of wood fibre in MDF without compromising board properties.

In this study, a fungus, Emericella nidulans (anamorph: Aspergillus nidulans), isolated from the sediments of a drain carrying effluent of pulp and paper mill, was used for biosorption of colour from pulp and paper mill effluent. The fungus turned dark brown in colour after treatment. Thus, its biosorption potential was studied in detail. The surface of the fungus was characterized by SEM and FT-IR analysis. The effect of change in pH, temperature, inoculum’s size, contact time and initial concentration on colour adsorption was studied. The equilibrium data were studied using Freundlich, Langmuir, Elovich and Temkin equations. Best fitting model was Freundlich, used to describe heterogeneous systems. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order were used to fit adsorption data in the kinetic studies. The results showed that kinetics was best described by pseudo-second-order model. A detailed error analysis was undertaken. The mechanism of biosorption was governed by both external mass transport ...

This paper deals with the plans of a paper money factory built in Tokyo in 1876, and considers the development of the architectural practice of one of the prominent Oyatoi engineers, Thomas Waters....

An experimental spray coater was used to coat writing and printing (W&P) paper substrate with cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) suspensions. The effects of spraying variables (i.e. concentration of suspension, spray pressure, distance and time of spray) on the coated sheets were analyzed in terms of the tensile strength, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and oxygen transmission rate (OTR). Basis weight and the thickness of coated layers in the different treatments were measured. In addition, image analysis of the microstructure examined the coating adhesion. The WVTR of the papers decreased, while tensile strength increased with one layer of CNF coating. The OTR was not changed with the CNF coating. The tensile strength and microstructure images of the coated papers indicate good adhesion between the CNF coating and the paper substrate when using the spray coater.

The main objective of this article is to investigate the potential of using pineapple leaves as non-wood materials for paper production. The chemical compositions of non-wood raw materials and the advantages and disadvantages of different pulping methods were reviewed. The advantages of solvent pulping process over other techniques in terms of scale production, water, energy and chemicals consumption, and pulp quality might be the driving forces of using this process in future production of pulps from pineapple leaves waste. Pineapple leaves are cellulosic, abundance agro-waste of pineapple industries with chemical composition of high cellulose contents. Good mechanical properties, renewable resource, and low cost fibers are the main factors that lead to high potential of pineapple leaves’ fibers to be used as alternative raw materials in paper industries.

In Japan, dental charting following a disaster is performed by handwriting the information on a paper-based dental chart before manual input into a computer database. Even if available, radiographic facial or intraoral images, regardless of whether they are analogue or digital, must be stored separately from the dental chart. To create a comprehensive and more permanent database accessible worldwide, we developed a system employing digital pens with image microprocessors. This system digitizes and records characters and drawings as they are being handwritten on a microdotted-paper-based post-mortem dental chart. Data stored in the built-in memory of the digital pen are transferred to a computer or tablet via Bluetooth. Using a cognitive wireless router, the information is relayed to a remote data centre. Radiographic and other images are also transferred into the same folder under a unique ID number. After several practical field tests, the system was employed at a landslide disaster in Hiroshima ...

Composting of pig manure is a challenging task that requires appropriate co-substrate and bulking agent to provide optimum composting conditions and reduce nitrogen loss. In this study, paper waste is co-composted with pig manure as well as wood chips as the bulking agents. These raw materials were mixed at three different ratios of paper: pig manure: wood chips = 1:1:0 (pile 1), 3:2:1 (pile 2) and 3:1:1(pile 3), respectively. Each composting pile was about 11 m3 in size equipped with negative-pressure forced aeration. The temperature of all the three piles ranged between 43 and 76°C and therefore produced pathogen-free compost. The overall total carbon reduction of 39%, 36% and 36% were achieved from pile 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The increased with the composting period, indicating the transformation of ammoniacal-N into nitrate by nitrification activity. However, all three piles showed significant variations in soluble at different stages of composting, which could be due to the microbial assim...

This study investigates the ability of cellulose filter paper coated with silver nanoparticles to remove Escherichia coli from drinking water. The cellulose filter paper was coated with silver nanoparticles by a chemical reduction method using two different ratios of sodium borohydride and silver nitrate. In consideration of drinking-water quality standards and non-carcinogenic health risks, the optimum sodium borohydride:silver nitrate ratio for coating the cellulose filter paper was determined by comparing the silver in the effluent after E. coli removal. For both ratios, 100% E. coli removal was realised. In terms of the silver in the effluent, only the first two lowest concentrations for both ratios of sodium borohydride and silver nitrate were compliant with the drinking-water quality standards, demonstrating hazard quotients (HQs) between 0.084 and 0.484. On the basis of the highest level of E. coli removal with the lowest HQ value, the optimum sodium borohydride:silver nitrate ratio for coa...

This paper proposes a hybrid algorithm to tackle a real-world problem arising in the context of pulp and paper production. This situation is modelled as a production problem where one has to decide which wood will be used by each available processing unit (wood cooker) in order to minimize the variance of wood densities within each cooker for each period of the planning horizon. The proposed hybrid algorithm is built around two distinct phases. The first phase uses two interacting heuristic methods to identify a promising reduced search space, which is then thoroughly explored in the second phase. This hybrid algorithm produces high-quality solutions in reasonable computation times, especially for the largest test instances. Extensive computational experiments demonstrated the robustness and efficiency of the method.

The drying performance of multicylinder dryer section in a paper machine was investigated under various operating parameters: Inlet paper solid content (48–50%), inlet paper temperature (45–50°C), supply air temperature (100–90°C), and exhaust air humidity (75–85 g H2O/kg dry air). The variation in environmental conditions was also considered. In this study, an improved static model was utilized to study the influence of these operating parameters on paper drying. The model was constructed using sequential modeling approach based on the drying techniques of multicylinder dryer section of a paper machine. The calculated paper solid content leaving each paper drying module and energy use is in agreement with the measured results. The simulation results showed that higher paper solid content and temperature entering the dryer section, lower supply air temperature, and higher exhaust air humidity were favorable for drying performance within the studied range of these parameters.

A novel methodology was used to create a highly porous foam-formed paper that is bonded with highly refined cellulose fiber. In this process, cellulose pulp suspension at various consistencies (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2%) was dispersed in water, followed by foam formation under high shear forces in the presence of a surfactant. Various drying methods were used to achieve foam formation. These included freeze-drying (FD), vacuum-dewatered air-drying (VAD), and dewatered freeze-drying (VFD). Increasing the pulp's consistency and changing the drying techniques from freeze-drying to air-drying resulted in a more compact morphological structure and increased density of foam-formed paper samples. Densification of foam-formed samples was measured using a Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) machine and a sample with densification at lowest strain value was obtained by a 10 wt% addition of microfibrillated cellulose fiber (MFC). At 10 wt% MFC addition, denser foam-formed paper samples with enhanced microstructure were ob...

The series of UK Heat Transfer Conference (UKHTC) has been organized under the auspices of the UK National Heat Transfer Committee since 1984. The UKHTC is currently a premier forum in the UK for t...

Chitosan (1 wt%, dissolved in 2% aqueous acetic acid solution) and Cellulose (1 wt%, dissolved in deionized water) were mixed in different proportions (5–50 wt% chitosan) and biodegradable tissue paper films were prepared by solution casting. Tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB) of the 5% chitosan-containing films were found to be 6 MPa and 3.5%, respectively. However, it was observed that with the addition of chitosan the mechanical property also increased, that is, the TS of the 50% chitosan-loaded film is improved to 300%. Fifty percent chitosan-loaded films were treated under γ-radiation (1–5 kGy). At 1 kGy radiation dose, tensile strength of the chitosan-loaded cellulosic films was improved but at a dose of 2.5 kGy the strength started to decrease. The irradiated films showed better antibacterial property than non-irradiated films. The effect of the gamma ray on the molecular interactions between chitosan and cellulose was analyzed by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrosco...

Long-term irrigation using wastewater from paper industry may cause seriously problems to the receiving soil. This work surveyed and monitored the soil quality of a wastewater irrigation wetland system in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province in China in 2014 and 2015. Τhe wetland soil showed different soil properties and TX, AOX, heavy metal contents after long-term wastewater irrigation. Long-term irrigation also accumulated the heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb in the wetland soil. Compared to the control, TX in the irrigated soil increased by 47.7–69.8% (2014) and 61.5–83.1% (2015). AOX varied in concentration from 1.7 to 55.0 mg kg−1 (2014) and 11.0 to 53.0 mg kg−1 (2015). The long-term irrigation of wastewater to wetland systems caused the accumulations of heavy metals, TX, and AOX in the soil and the levels of accumulations were related to several factors including soil properties, wastewater quality, and irrigation time.