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The National Central Library took over the responsibility for continuing the publication of BUCOP at the beginning of 1962, and the work of compilation was added to the normal routines of the Periodicals Union Catalogue. Coupled with the decision of the council of the World list of scientific periodicals to merge with BUCOP after the publication of its fourth edition, this has had the effect of reducing from three to one the number of reporting centres for libraries disposed to co‐operate in national union schemes embracing serials. In consequence, the NCL's serial catalogue, which is in the process of revision so as to conform as a whole to the new BUCOP principles of entry and arrangement, has to serve two purposes: as a working tool in handling serial applications received in connection with the interlibrary loan system, and as the source from which BUCOP's ‘copy’ is made up. Since the NCL's own collection of serials is small at present, we are to a large extent dependent on the goodwill of the co‐operating libraries not only for information on the extent of their holdings of a particular title but also for details concerning the title itself. Naturally we have access to the large serial collections held by libraries in the vicinity of the NCL, although staff time available constitutes a limiting factor in this respect, and we are exploring ways of increasing the supply of information on new serial titles from the publishers; however, the manner in which libraries notify us of their holdings, and the form of entry they use, must inevitably remain important factors governing the work of compilation, underlining the need for a greater degree of standardization of practice in recording serial publications.

The foreign area specialist who goes into the field frequently finds it very difficult to acquire all the documentary materials he needs in the time available. Rare books, documents, and newspapers may be in libraries or in archival collections, but unless the writing is to be done in the field, it is difficult to use these sources. Furthermore, collections of papers, letters, clippings, pamphlets, and manuscripts are frequently available from private sources, political parities, and organizations, if one attempts to locate such collections, but they can rarely be borrowed, and certainly not for the length of time needed for thorough research. Similar difficulties may face the scholar engaged in domestic research. My answer to this problem has been to develop techniques for microfilming documents on location under adverse conditions using a minimum of equipment, which can be carried easily in a brief case. With a camera and a few other small items, it is quite easy and economical to microfilm materials and, if necessary, to process the films either at home or under very primitive field conditions.

M USIC LIBRARIES in the United States in the last thirty years have in many cases made progress that enables them to compare favorably with older libraries abroad, especially in their organization, their physical facilities and equipment, and their collections of printed scores and the literature of music. However, in the field of primary source material, particularly autograph manuscripts, of European music, it has long been a common assumption that the American scholar would find our library shelves bare and would have to travel to the great libraries of Berlin, Paris, London, and other European cities to carry on his studies. No one will dispute the pre-eminence of these libraries, of course, in their manuscript collections, but quite aside from the possibility of their treasures being made available in facsimile in this country, it is becoming apparent that a very respectable number of European autograph scores do exist in the United States, in libraries and in private collections. A census of such material, now approaching completion, reveals many treasures of which most musicians may well be unaware. It will be the writer's purpose here to tell something of the background of the census, of some of his experiences in carrying it on, and to call attention to the extent of the manuscript collections in this country. In the spring of 1937 a small group of music librarians, eager to increase available source material in American libraries, outlined a project to obtain microfilm copies of musical rarities in European libraries for a central archive in this country. Approached for a grant to enable a librarian to visit central Europe and make preliminary contacts for such a project, the Oberlaender Trust, although approving the purpose, suggested a preliminary census of autograph manuscripts and facsimiles of European composers in American libraries and collections, and the writer was asked to make such a survey. Once begun, the census proved to be more complicated than expected, and, unfinished at the time of Pearl

1 nificant prol)lem of this historic period was the conflict of ideas between two spiritual and cultural worlds.''l It is the purpose of this inquiry to examine the ideological issues of the first Worl(l l;\rar as interpreted by a representative and contemporary group of German thinkers. To this end a considerable amount of original material bearing upon this matter available in the collections of the Hoover Library of V\tar, Revolution and Peace at Stanfor(l University has been inspected. This material embraced the views of more than seventy German writers, including historians, *conomists, journalists and publicists, government officials, poets, pastors, educators, scientists, and philosophers. \mong them are to be found the names of some of the most eTninent German thinkers of the era. It is not claimed that these views represent all segments of German opinion, but to a notable degree there does seem to be a consensus among them on the more fundamental aspects of the war.

[EDITOR'S NoTE: A distinguished historian of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Professor A. C. Krey of the University of Minnesota has done much to emphasize the value of studying intellectual and social history with adequate recognition of its international implications. The period of the Renaissance, as he points out, represented more nearly "one world" than our studies of national literatures often suggest. The Huntington Library has emphasized the peculiarly English elements in the Renaissance because the great body of its source material lies in this field and the books and documents for the study of Continental relationships are not available in the West. Although the Huntington Library has one of the greatest collections of English books for the study of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, there is in all of this region no adequate library for the study of the Latin countries which were so important to English civilization: Italy, France, and Spain. The opportunity for the development of this Continental field is very great, and discussions with colleges and universities in this area indicate that some mutual program for collecting material for the study of the Latin countries of Europe may be worked out. Meanwhile the following statement from Professor Krey, the outgrowth of a dinner conversation, is printed to illustrate an almost forgotten phase of the indebtedness of England to Italy in the Renaissance. ]

Four compilations of medical library statistics have been published to date, namely those by Louise Darling in 1956, by the Medical Library Association in its 1959 Directory, by Harold Bloomquist in 1962, and by the author in 1964. In addition to these sources and to the annual statistics compiled by the Library Services Branch of the U. S. Office of Education, surveys of pharmacy, hospital, and medical society libraries have been completed recently. Standards for medical and special libraries are being considered by the Medical Library Association through its Guidelines Survey and by the Special Libraries Association through its Statistics Coordinating Project and its Standards Survey. To coordinate the collection of medical library statistics and to make the information readily available to the profession, it is suggested that the Medical Library Association support the collection and publication of statistics of representative medical libraries until such time as the Library Services Branch is able to implement fully its program of library statistics.

WHEN on Nov. 29, 1898, 154 charter members founded The Chemists' Club to bring together and to serve all members of the profession, the plan visioned a great chemical library. Today, that great collection of chemical literature is available to all chemists. Its existence and maintenance constitute an invaluable asset of the American chemical industry. As such, the library of The Chemists' Club is kept as a repository of the latest information on chemical and allied subjects for the use of all interested. This is now the largest chemical research library in the United States. It is a storehouse of valuable information of vast practical usefulness to the chemists of the country. The initial collection of the library was formed by gifts of members, notably Charles F. Chandler. This was supplemented in January 1899 by the library of the AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, which was "deposited" with the club upon conditions agreeable to both parties. Books, ...

W < THEN plans for the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Goucher College were in progress, the library staff was faced with the problem of preparing a library exhibit in keeping with the theme of the celebration, the educational program of the college. It was necessary that the exhibit not only represent the educational program, but represent it in concrete terms which even the casual visitor could understand. Since the use of verbal symbols, particularly in the form of written and printed materials, is a most important factor in liberal-arts education, and since such materials are the stock in trade of any library, books and other printed materials were adopted as the symbols of the educational program. A display of books used by the students between i888 and I894, and those used by students today was decided on as representing not only the educational program of the college, but also the important part played in that program by the library. The librarian had already begun to collect textbooks used by members of the first classes, as a part of the record of college history. A systematic attempt to add to them was now made. A study of the description of courses in the college catalogues from I888 to I894 added a few more titles to the list, titles which were available either in the library's own collection or in other local libraries. These same descriptions of courses, together with information supplied by alumnae, gave a fair idea of the nature of the collateral reading done in that period. Modern materials for contrast were assembled from the syllabi used currently in courses in the college, and from suggestions made by members of the faculty in the departments concerned. Of course, not all departments could be represented in the exhibit. The fact that the collection of early textbooks was not complete, that not all the departments at present offering courses were represented in the curriculum before I894, and limitations of space, all played a part in the final selection. In the end, seven departments were included: psychology, philosophy, French, economics, physics, chemistry, and biology. It seemed best to limit the exhibit to elementary courses, because, in some cases, only an elementary course was offered in the early days, and because the use of advanced courses might place more emphasis on the advance of knowledge and less on the educational program. For each of these seven departments a textbook, studied in the early years, and other representative books, when others were