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Repetitorium ��ber s��mmtliche auf den deutschen Universit��ten ��blichen juristischen Hauptcollegia in einer m��glichst gedr��ngten Darstellung der Hauptgrunds��tze des r��mischen und deutschen Privat-, des Kirchen-, Lehn-, Criminal- und Proce��-Rechts, so wie der r��mischen und deutschen Rechtsgeschichte, 1

Theologische Revue, Vol. 117 (2021): Oktober

Este trabajo de grado se realiza con el ánimo de brindarle una herramienta Web interactiva a los usuarios de la empresa 5 Ber's Furniture Shop, Inc. ubicada en Naples, ciudad del estado de Florida en los Estados Unidos. La empresa se dedica a la reparación, mantenimiento y remodelación de colores de muebles de cocinas en madera. Hace un tiempo les ha inquietado modificar la forma de llevar a cabo sus procesos de producción y las ventas de los diferentes servicios que ofrecen, ya que desean mejorar en estos ámbitos para brindar una mejor atención, más eficaz y acertada. A esto el proyecto les brinda como solución un soporte multimedia para que sus clientes puedan tomar decisiones más rápidas y así ahorrarían tiempo y dinero. Finalmente se crea un producto mínimo viable de la aplicación Web interactiva para la conceptualización de diseño de interiores para cocinas, donde el asesor comercial al usar esta herramienta, interactúa con el cliente y este último obtendrá una pre visualización más cercana del color deseado para sus muebles de cocina, con los tonos y matices escogidos. Esta aplicación tecnológica, además de facilitarle al cliente una aproximación de su trabajo final, le significa a la empresa un mejor rendimiento en sus procesos de producción, reducción de costos y toma de decisiones rápidas por parte del cliente. Esto a corto plazo le generaría realmente un plus en su mercadeo, que le asegura vigencia en el mercado. Proyecto de grado (Ingeniero Multimedia)-- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2021 Pregrado Ingeniería(a) en Multimedia

Die S-Monoalkylthiosulfate M[O3SSR] mit M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs und R = CH3, C2H5 wurden mit chemischen und massenspektrometrischen sowie mit TR-, UV- und 1H-NMR-spektroskopischen Methoden charakterisiert. Studies on S-Monoalkyl. Thiosulfates The S-monoalkyl thiosulfates M[O3SSR] with M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and R = CH3, C2H5 have been characterized by means of IR, UV, 1H-NMR, and mass spectra.

A comparative study has been performed on ethyl-methyl- and diethyl-mercaptoacetic acid (1 and2), and thianeaceticacid betain (3) with respect to their reactivity towards haloacetic acid anhydrides and 4-nitrobenzene-diazonium tetrafluoroborate. The results show that in analogy to related N-betaines the alkyl substituents at the cationic reaction center display a strong influence on reactivity. The most stable S-ylides are obtained from the cyclic S-betain3 in high yield. The1H-NMR spectra reveal that the protons of the methylene groups in compounds1–3 are fully exchanged for deuterium (in D2O) in contrast to the behavior of the corresponding N-betaines.

Die Kristallstruktur der Diphenyldithiophosphinsaure (C6H5)2P(S)SH wurde rontgenographisch bei tiefer Temperatur und Normaltemperatur aus Einkristalldiffraktometerdaten bestimmt und bis zu R-Werten von 0,037 (140 K, (sin Θ)/λ < 0,81 A−1) und 0,035 (293 K, (sin Θ)/λ < 0,64 A−1) verfeinert. Die Verbindung kristallisiert in der monoklinen Raumgruppe P21/c mit den bei 140 K (in Klammern: 293 K) gemessenen Gitterkonstanten a = 9,824(3) (9,887), b = 10,061(3) (10,175), c = 14,342(4) (14,433) A, β = 122,08(3) (121,73)° und V = 1201,1 (1234,9) A3, Z - 4. Im Kristall sind individuelle Molekule uber fast lineare SH…S-Wasserstoffbruckenbindungen zu schraubenformig gewundenen Ketten verknupft. Bei 140 K betragt der S…S-Abstand innerhalb der Brucke 3,790(1) A; die weiteren geometrischen Daten der Wasserstoffbrucke sind: d(SH): 1,25(2), d(S…H): 2,56(2), d(PS): 2,077(1), d(PS): 1,954(1) A, ∢ (SH…S): 169,5(14), ∢ (PS…S): 98,87(2), ∢ (PS…S): 96,65(2)°. Investigations on Compounds Containing SH…S Hydrogen Bonds. Crystal Structure of Diphenyldithiophosphinic Acid at 140 and 293 K The crystal structure of diphenyldithiophosphinic acid (C6H5)2P(S)SH was determined from X-ray diffraction data collected at 140 and 293 K and was refined to R factors of 0.037 (140 K, (sin Θ)/λ < 0.81 A−1) and 0.035 (293 K, (sin Θ)/λ < 0.64 A−1) respectively. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with unit cell parameters at 140 K (in parentheses: at 293 K): a = 9.824(3) (9.887), b = 10.061(3) (10.175), c = 14.342(4) (14.433) A, β = 122.08(3) (121.73)° and V = 1201.1 (1234.9) A3, Z = 4. In the crystalline state individual molecules are linked together by nearly linear SH…S hydrogen bonds so that endless helical chains are formed. At 140 K the S…S distance within the hydrogen bond is 3.790(1) A; the other distances and angles associated with the bridge are: d(SH): 1,25(2), d(S…H): 2,56(2), d(PS): 2,077(1), d(PS): 1.954(1) A, ∢ (SH…S): 169.5(14), ∢ (PS…S): 98.87(2), ∢ (PS…S): 96.65(2)°.

В статье дается характеристика исторически сложившихся ландшафтов Астраханской области на примере Западного ильменно-бугрового района. Рассматриваются мелкие природно-территориальные комплексы на уровне фации, урочищ, местности. Раскрываются особенности морфологии, литологии и почвенно-растительного покрова основных единиц ландшафта. Выявляется их иерархическая взаимосвязь и взаимообусловленность и показывается роль рельефа в формировании доминирующих урочищ и фаций исследуемого района. Рассматриваются также влияние техногенеза и антропогенеза на отдельные компоненты ладшафта и их трансформация на современном этапе., There is the characteristic of the landscapes of the Astrakhan region on the example of the ilmen – mound area. The landscapes were historically developed. Besides, there are some small natural – territorial complexes on the level of phases, tracts and terrians. The features of the morphology, the lithology and the soil – vegetation cover of the main units of the landscapes are opened in this article. The hierarchy interrelation and interdependence are detected in the article, too. Also, you can see the role of the relief in the formation of the dominating tracts and phases of the region. The impact of the technogenesis and anthropogenesis on the separate components of the landscape and their transformation on the modern stage are considered in the article.

We analyze evolution of the basic properties of simulated large scale structure elements formed by dark matter (DM LSS) and confront it with the observed evolution of the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest. In three high resolution simulations we selected samples of compact DM clouds of moderate overdensity. Clouds are selected at redshifts $0\leq z\leq 3$ with the Minimal Spanning Tree (MST) technique. The main properties of so selected clouds are analyzed in 3D space and with the core sampling approach, what allows us to compare estimates of the DM LSS evolution obtained with two different techniques and to clarify some important aspects of the LSS evolution. In both cases we find that regular redshift variations of the mean characteristics of the DM LSS are accompanied only by small variations of their PDFs, what indicates the self similar character of the DM LSS evolution. The high degree of relaxation of DM particles compressed within the LSS is found along the shortest principal axis of clouds. We see that the internal structure of selected clouds depends upon the mass resolution and scale of perturbations achieved in simulations. It is found that the low mass tail of the PDFs of the LSS characteristics depends upon the procedure of clouds selection., Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures

We present a detailed study of the redshift evolution of dark matter halo structural parameters in a LambdaCDM cosmology. We study the mass and redshift dependence of the concentration, shape and spin parameter in Nbody simulations spanning masses from 10^{10} Msun/h to 10^{15} Msun/h and redshifts from 0 to 2. We present a series of fitting formulas that accurately describe the time evolution of the concentration-mass relation since z=2. Using arguments based on the spherical collapse model we study the behaviour of the scale length of the density profile during the assembly history of haloes, obtaining physical insights on the origin of the observed time evolution of the concentration mass relation. We also investigate the evolution with redshift of dark matter halo shape and its dependence on mass. Within the studied redshift range the relation between halo shape and mass can be well fitted by a power law. Finally we show that although for z=0 the spin parameter is practically mass independent, at increasing redshift it shows a increasing correlation with mass., 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted to MNRAS, minor changes to previous version

International audience; This study explores the manufacturing of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) by a hybrid process. Fiber preforms were impregnated with submicronic powders using the slurry method under low pressure. These powders were active fillers intended to reduce the porosity by the subsequent formation of new phases in reactive atmosphere. The choice of suitable active fillers: TiSi 2 and AlB 2 enabled to develop a low temperature process (≤1100°C). The impregnated preforms were heated under nitrogen atmosphere and new phases were formed with an interesting volume expansion. Finally a polymer impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP) process was performed with a liquid polymeric precursor. The morphology and chemical composition of the matrix were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and mercury porosimetry. The mechanical properties of the composites were determined by 3-points bending tests.

[Abridged] We study the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect associated with superclusters of galaxies using the MareNostrum Universe SPH simulation. We consider superclusters similar to the Corona Borealis Supercluster (CrB-SC). This paper is motivated by the detection at 33GHz of a strong temperature decrement in the CMB towards the core of this supercluster. Multifrequency observations with VSA and MITO suggest the existence of a thermal SZ effect component in the spectrum of this cold spot, which would account for roughly 25% of the total observed decrement. We identify nine regions containing superclusters similar to CrB-SC, obtain the associated SZ maps and calculate the probability of finding such SZ signals arising from hot gas within the supercluster. Our results show that WHIM produces a thermal SZ effect much smaller than the observed value. Neither can summing the contribution of small clusters and galaxy groups in the region explain the amplitude of the SZ signal. When we take into account the actual posterior distribution from the observations, the probability that WHIM can cause a thermal SZ signal like the one observed is, Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 14 pages, 9 figures

In this paper we study the supercluster - cluster morphological properties using one of the largest ($2\times 512^{3}$ SPH+N-body simulations of large scale structure formation in a $��$CDM model, based on the publicly available code GADGET. We find that filamentary (prolate-like) shapes are the dominant supercluster and cluster dark matter halo morphological feature, in agreement with previous studies. However, the baryonic gas component of the clusters is predominantly spherical. We investigate the alignment between cluster halos (using either their DM or baryonic components) and their parent supercluster major-axis orientation, finding that clusters show such a preferential alignment. Combining the shape and the alignment statistics, we also find that the amplitude of supercluster - cluster alignment increases although weakly with supercluster filamentariness., Accepted for puplication in MNRAS, 10 pages, 15 figures

Dasybasis testaceomaculata (Macquart, 1838a) Tabanus testaceomaculata Macquart, 1838a: 140; Macquart, 1838b: 144. Tabanus inornatus Philippi, 1865: 718. Syntypes. Two female (one in MNNC), Chile, Prov. Santiago. Wulp, 1881: 159 (dist.); Reed, 1888: 287 (cat.); Hunter, 1901: 141 (cat.); Porter, 1902: 247 (Chile spp.); Br��thes, 1907: 285 (cat.); Kert��sz, 1908: 251 (cat.); Br��thes, 1921: 34 (com.); Krober, 1930f: 146 (com., Tabanus (Therioplectes)); Stuardo, 1946: 73 (cat., Tabanus (Sziladynus)); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967b: 174 (syn.); Philip, 1968a: 14 (tax., Philippi���s types). Tabanus molestissimus Philippi, 1865: 716. Syntypes. Unspecified number and sex (one in MNNC), Chile, Valdivia, San Juan. Reed, 1888: 287 (cat.); Hunter, 1901: 142 (cat.); Porter, 1902: 248 (Chile spp.); Kert��sz, 1908: 262 (cat.); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967b: 184 (rev., figs. 77A���G, 78A���G, 79A���D, as Dasybasis testaceomaculata var.); Philip, 1968a: 14 (tax., Philippi���s types); Fairchild, 1971: 42 (cat., as Dasybasis testaceomaculata var.); Coscar��n, 1972a: 71 (tax., as Dasybasis testaceomaculata var.); Coscar��n & Gonz��lez, 1991: 131 (Chile spp., as Dasybasis testaceomaculata var.); Fairchild & Burger, 1994: 69 (cat., as Dasybasis testaceomaculata var.); Coscar��n & Papavero, 2009b: 76 (cat., syn.). Tabanus apoecilus Schiner, 1868: 85. Holotype. Female (NMW), Chile, Valpara��so. Reed, 1888: 287 (cat.); Hunter, 1901: 139 (cat.); Kert��sz, 1908: 222 (cat.); Kr��ber, 1934: 299 (cat., Tabanus (Agelanius)); Stuardo, 1946: 73 (cat., Dasybasis); Fairchild, 1967b: 244 (tax., Schiner���s type). Tabanus subantarcticus Br��thes, 1910: 481 (1921: 49). Holotype. Female (MACN), Argentina, Santa Cruz, ��ltima Esperanza. Br��thes, 1921: 49 (com.); Kr��ber, 1934: 302 (cat., Tabanus (Agelanius)). Tabanus (Agelanius) longifrons Kr��ber, 1930e: 152���153 (1931a: 277 as n. sp.). Neotype. Female (DFS), paratype female (NHMUK), ��� Chile ���. Kr��ber, 1934: 300 (cat.); Stuardo, 1946: 74 (cat., Dasybasis); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967b: 181 (rev., figs. 75A���I, 76A���E, as Dasybasis testaceomaculata var.); Fairchild, 1971: 42 (cat., as Dasybasis testaceomaculata var.); Chainey, 1990: 282 (NHMUK types); Coscar��n & Gonz��lez, 1991: 131 (Chile spp., as Dasybasis testaceomaculata var.); Fairchild & Burger, 1994: 69 (cat., as Dasybasis testaceomaculata var.); Coscar��n & Papavero, 1999: 76 (cat., syn.). Tabanus (Agelanius) ornatifrons Kr��ber, 1930e: 153, pl. 5, fig. 12. Holotype. Female lost (NHMUK), Chile, Concepci��n. Kr��ber, 1934: 301 (cat.); Stuardo, 1946: 74 (cat., Dasybasis); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967b: 174 (syn.); Chainey, 1990: 295 (NHMUK types). Tabanus (Agelanius) affinis Kr��ber, 1931a: 275 (preocc. Kirby, 1837: 313). Holotype. Female (ZMHB), Chile, Parral, Ba��os de Longavi. Fairchild, 1967a: 361 (com., Kr��ber���s types). Tabanus (Agelanius) maculifrons Kr��ber, 1931a: 277 (preocc. Hine, 1907). Holotype. Female (NHMUK), Chile, Concepci��n. Fairchild, 1956: 22 (com.); Chainey, 1990: 283 (NHMUK types). Tabanus (Agelanius) rubromarginatus Kr��ber, 1931a: 283 (preocc. Blanchard, 1854). Holotype. Female (ZMHB), ��� Chile ���. Kr��ber, 1934: 302 (cat.); Stuardo, 1946: 75 (cat., Dasybasis); Fairchild, 1967a: 361 (com., Kr��ber���s types); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967b: 174 (syn.). Tabanus (Agelanius) modestus Kr��ber, 1931a: 293 (preocc. Wiedemann, 1828). Holotype. Female, paratype female (NHMUK), Chile, Llai Llai and Concepci��n. Fairchild, 1956: 23 (com.); Fairchild, 1975: 262 (tax., as Agelanius, spp. of Kr��ber in Sttetin Museum); Chainey, 1990: 287 (NHMUK types). Tabanus (Agelanius) adjunctus Kr��ber, 1934: 298 (cat., nom. nov. for T. affinis Kr��ber, 1931a). (ZMHB), Chile, Parral, Ba��os de Longavi. Stuardo, 1946: 73 (cat., Dasybasis); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967a: 99 (in key, Dasybasis); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967b: 175 (rev., syn.). Tabanus (Agelanius) maculiceps Kr��ber, 1934: 300 (cat., nom. nov. for maculifrons Kr��ber, 1931a). Chile, Concepci��n. Stuardo, 1946: 74 (cat., Dasybasis); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967b: 175 (syn.). Tabanus (Agelanius) modestinus Kr��ber, 1934: 301 (cat., nom. nov. for modestus Kr��ber, 1931a). Chile, Llai Llai, Concepci��n.: Stuardo, 1946: 74 (cat., Dasybasis). Lectotype. Female (MNHN). Type-locality: ��� Chile ��� (without precise locality). Distribution. Argentina: Chubut, Neuqu��n, R��o Negro, Salta, Santa Cruz. Chile: Regi��n de Atacama (Copiap��); Regi��n de Coquimbo (Elqui); Regi��n de Valpara��so (Los Andes, Petorca); Regi��n Metropolitana (Cordillera, Santiago); Regi��n del Maule (Linares); Regi��n de ��uble (Diguill��n); Regi��n del Biob��o (Biob��o, Concepci��n); Regi��n de La Araucan��a (Caut��n, Malleco); Regi��n de Los R��os (Valdivia); Regi��n de Los Lagos (Chilo��, Llanquihue, Osorno); Regi��n de Ays��n (Ays��n, Capit��n Prat, General Carrera). References. Blanchard, 1854: 394���395 (redes., Tabanus); Blanchard in Gay, 1854: D��pteros, pl. 2, fig. 9; Walker, 1854: 210 (com., Tabanus); Philippi, 1865: 714 (redes., Tabanus); Schiner, 1868: 85 (com., Tabanus); Wulp, 1881: 160 (dist., Tabanus); Reed, 1888: 286 (cat., Tabanus); Hunter, 1901: 144 (cat., Tabanus); Porter, 1902: 249 (Chile spp., Tabanus); Br��thes, 1907: 285 (cat., Tabanus); Kert��sz, 1908: 285 (cat., Tabanus); Br��thes, 1921: 60 (com., Tabanus); Gazulla & Ruiz, 1928: 293 (dist., Tabanus); Kr��ber, 1930e: 150 (in key), 152 (redes., Tabanus (Agelanius)); Kr��ber, 1934: 302 (cat., Tabanus (Agelanius)); Stuardo, 1946: 75 (cat., Dasybasis); Fairchild, 1956: 30 (com.); Coscar��n, 1967b: 123 (Argentina spp.); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967a: 103 (in key.); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967b: 174���181 (rev., figs. 73A���I, 74A���D); Castro, 1969: 446 (com.); Fairchild, 1971: 42 (cat.); Coscar��n, 1972a: 71 (tax.); Pino, 1975a: 184 (com.); Pino, 1975b: 191 (list); Moucha, 1976: 222 (cat.); Coscar��n, 1991: 18 (imm. sta., figs. 8A���J); Coscar��n & Gonz��lez, 1991: 131 (Chile spp., figs. 79���81); Fairchild & Burger, 1994: 69 (cat.); Coscar��n, 1998: 350 (list, dist.); Gonz��lez et al., 2005: 38���40 (mou. par., figs. 5���8); Coscar��n & Papavero, 2009a: 122 (female, figs. 94A���G), 123 (male, figs. 95A���F); Coscar��n & Papavero, 2009b: 75���76 (cat.) Coscar��n & Papavero, 2014: 4, 7 (imm. sta., in key)., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Christian R., Elgueta, Mario, Krolow, Tiago K. & Henriques, Augusto L., 2022, Catalog of the horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Chile, pp. 201-257 in Zootaxa 5091 (2) on pages 239-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5843635, {"references":["Macquart, P. - J. - M. (1838 a) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Tome premier. - 1 re partie. N. E. Roret, Paris, pp. 5 - 221, 25 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15792","Macquart, P. - J. - M. (1838 b) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts, de Lille, 1838 (2), 9 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15792","Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9295","Wulp, F. M. van der (1881) Amerikaansche Diptera. Tijdschrift voor entomologie, 24, 141 - 168.","Reed, E. P. (1888) Catalogo de los insectos Dipteros de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 73, 271 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8562","Hunter, W. D. (1901) A catalogue of the Diptera of South America, Part. 2. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 136 - 147.","Porter, C. E. (1902) Lista de los Tabanidos chilenos estractada del \" Catalogus Tabanidorum orbis terrarium universi \" del Dr. Colomanus Kertesz (Budapest) y adicionada de algunas notas. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 6, 242 - 249.","Brethes, J. (1907) Catalogo de los dipteros de las republicas del Plata. Anales del Museo nacional de Historia natural de Buenos Aires, 16, 277 - 305. [Tabanidae, pp. 284 - 285]","Kertesz, K. (1908) Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Vol. III. Stratiomyidae, Erinnidae, Coenomyidae, Tabanidae, Pantophthalmidae, Rhagionidae. Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapestini [Budapest], 366 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5141","Brethes, J. (1921) Los tabanidos del Plata. Estudios, 21, 1 - 79.","Stuardo, C. (1946) Catalogo de los dipteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura, Impresiones Universitaria, Santiago, 250 pp.","Coscaron, S. & Philip, C. B. (1967 b) Revision del genero \" Dasybasis \" Macquart en la Region Neotropical (Diptera-Tabanidae). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Entomologia, 2 (2), 15 - 266.","Philip, C. B. (1968 a) The types of Chilean species of Tabanidae (Diptera) described by Dr. R. A. Philippi. Revista Chilena de Entomologia, 6, 7 - 16.","Fairchild, G. B. (1971) 28. Family Tabanidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 163.","Coscaron, S. (1972 a) Datos adicionales sobre taxonomia y distribucion del genero Dasybasis Macq. en la region neotropical (Tabanidae, Diptera, Insecta). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 15 (1), 67 - 71.","Coscaron, S. & Gonzalez, C. R. (1991) Tabanidae de Chile: Lista de especies y clave para los generos conocidos de Chile (Diptera: Tabanidae). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 16, 125 - 150.","Fairchild, G. B. & Burger, J. F. (1994) A catalog of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Americas south of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 55, 1 - 249.","Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (2009 b) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, 16, 1 - 199.","Schiner, I. R. (1868) Diptera. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wu ¨ llerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil 2. (l. B.). Diptera. Kaiserlich-K, Wien, pp. 1 - 388 + 4 unnumbered, 4 pls.","Krober, O. (1934) Catalogo dos Tabanidae da America do Sul e Central, incluindo o Mexico e as Antilhas. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 4 (2 - 3), 222 - 276 + 291 - 333.","Fairchild, G. B. (1967 b) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). X. The species described by J. R. Schiner and others. Pacific Insects, 9 (2), 243 - 256.","Brethes, J. (1910) Dipteros nuevos o poco conocidos de Sud-America. Anales del Museo nacional de Historia natural de Buenos Aires, Serie 3, 20, 469 - 484. [1911]","Krober, O. (1930 e) Tabanidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part V. Fasc. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 106 - 161.","Krober, O. (1931 a) Neue sud- und mittelamerikanische Arten der Dipterengattung Tabanus L. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 92, 275 - 305.","Chainey, J. E. (1990) Tabanidae. In: Townsend, B. C., Chainey, J. E. Crosskey, R. W. Pont, A. C. Lane, R. P., Boorman, J. P. T. & Lowry, C. A. (Eds.), A Catalogue of the types of bloodsucking flies in the British Museum (Natural History). Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology, London, 7, pp. 240 - 319.","Kirby, W. F. (1837) Tabanidae. In. Richardson, J., Swainson, W. & Kirby, W. (Eds.), Fauna boreali-americana; or the zoology of the northern parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin R. N. Vol. 4. J. Fletcher, Norwich, pp. 313 - 315.","Fairchild, G. B. (1967 a) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). IX. The species described by Otto Krober. Studia Entomologica, Sao Paulo, 9 (1 - 4), 329 - 379. [1966]","Hine, J. S. (1907) Descriptions of new North American Tabanidae. Ohio Naturalist, 8 (2), 221 - 230.","Fairchild, G. B. (1956) Synonymical notes on Neotropical flies of the family Tabanidae (Diptera). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 131 (3), 1 - 38.","Blanchard, C. E. (1854) Tomo setimo. Orden IX. Dipteros. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia fisica y politica de Chile, segun documentos adquiridos en esta republica durante doce anos de residencia en ella y publicada bajo los auspicios del supremo gobierno. Zoologia. Published by the author, Paris, 471 pp.","Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1828) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten. Vol. l. in der Schulzischen Buchhandlung, Hamm, xxxii + 608 pp., 7 pls.","Fairchild, G. B. (1975) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). XV. Some species described by O. Krober, formerly in the Stettin Museum. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 77 (2), 258 - 265.","Coscaron, S. & Philip, C. B. (1967 a) Keys to the Neotropical species of Dasybasis Macquart (Diptera, Tabanidae). Segundas Jornadas Entomoepidemiologicas Argentinas, 2, 95 - 103 [1965].","Gay, C. (1854) Atlas de la Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile. Tomo segundo. E. Thunot & Cª, Paris.","Walker, F. (1854) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, London, 5 (Supplement I), 1 - 330.","Gazulla, P. & Ruiz, F. (1928) Los insectos de la Hacienda de \" Las Mercedes \". Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 32, 288 - 305.","Castro, R. J. (1969) Contribucion al conocimiento del genero Dasybasis Macquart. Physis, 28 (77), 443 - 456.","Pino, G. (1975 a) Los tabanos de Chile (Diptera. Tabanidae). 5. Las especies estudiadas por E. Blanchard en la \" Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile \" de Claudio Gay. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 34, 181 - 186","Pino, G. (1975 b) Los tabanos de Chile (Diptera. Tabanidae). 6. Elenco sistematico preliminar. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 34, 187 - 196.","Moucha, J. (1976) Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the World. Synoptic Catalogue. Acta entomologica Musei nationalis Pragae, Supplementum, 7, 1 - 319.","Coscaron, S. (1998) Tabanidae (Diptera-Insecta). In: Morrone, J. J. & Coscaron, S. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de artropodos de Argentina. Una perspectiva biotaxonomica. Ediciones Sur, La Plata, pp. 341 - 352.","Gonzalez, C. R., Brevis, K., Miranda, C. & Sotomayor, A. (2005) Comparative study of mouthparts of the female of two species of Dasybasis Macquart from Chile (Diptera: Tabanidae). Zootaxa, 1058 (1), 35 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1058.1.2","Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (2009 a) Manual of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, 6, 1 - 137.","Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (2014) Key to the known immature stages of Neotropical Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, 24, 1 - 22."]}

Tabanus claripennis (Bigot, 1892) Atylotus claripennis Bigot, 1892: 675. Tabanus filiolus; Johnson, 1919: 428 (Mexico, Jamaica), misident. Tabanus ameghinoi Br��thes, 1910: 478. Holotype. Male (MACN), Argentina, Buenos Aires. Br��thes, 1921: 56 (com.); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967b: 254 (syn.). Tabanus hookeri Knab, 1915: 48. Holotype. Female (USNM), Puerto Rico, Mayaguez. Kr��ber, 1934: 310 (cat., Tabanus (Tabanus)); Bequaert, 1940a: 361 (com., figs. 32A���F, Tabanus (Stenotabanus)); Bequaert, 1940b: 450 (dist., Tabanus (Neotabanus)). Hybostraba ovalipalpus Enderlein, 1925: 357. Holotype. Male (ZMHB), ��� Paraguay ���. Kr��ber, 1931b: 73 (male des., fig. 4, Tabanus (Hybostraba)); Kr��ber, 1934: 297 (cat., Tabanus (Hybostraba)); Fairchild, 1966: 7 (tax., Enderlein���s type). Archiplatius pygmaeus Enderlein, 1925: 375 preocc. Williston, 1887. Holotype. Female (ZMHB), Argentina, Mendoza. Coscar��n & Philip, 1967b: 254 (syn.). Tabanus flavifrons Szil��dy, 1926: 22, pl. 4, fig. 12. Holotype. Female, paratypes (SDEI), Cuba, Hoyo Colorado. Kr��ber, 1934: 308 (cat., Tabanus (Tabanus)). Tabanus (Agelanius) frontosus Kr��ber, 1931a: 279. Holotype. Female (? MLUH), Uruguay, Montevideo. Kr��ber, 1934: 300 (cat.); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967b: 254 (syn.). ? Tabanus (Tabanus) venezuelensis Kr��ber, 1931a: 303. Holotype. Female? destroyed (ISTH), ��� Venezuela ���. Kr��ber, 1934: 315 (cat.); Pechuman, 1942: 58 (Venezuela spp.). Tabanus (Hybostraba) pulchella Kr��ber, 1931b: 73, fig. 5, preocc. Loew, 1858. Holotype. Male (MTD), Argentina, Corrientes. Fairchild, 1967a: 362 (com., Kr��ber���s types). Tabanus (Hybostraba) pulcher Kr��ber, 1934: 297 (cat.); nom. nov. for pulchella Kr��ber, 1931e. Argentina, Corrientes. Fairchild, 1967a: 362 (com., Kr��ber���s types). Tabanus (Agelanius) pusio Kr��ber, 1934: 301 (cat.); nom. nov. for Archiplatius pygmaeus Enderlein, 1925. Type locality: Argentina, Mendoza. Holotype. Female (NHMUK). Type-locality: ��� Australia ��� (in error). Distribution. Argentina: Provincias de Buenos Aires, C��rdoba, Corrientes, Entre R��os, Misiones, R��o Negro, San Lu��s, Santa F��, Santiago del Estero, Tucum��n. Brazil. Chile: Regi��n de Valpara��so (San Antonio); Regi��n Metropolitana (Chacabuco, Cordillera, Santiago, Talagante); Regi��n de O���Higgins (Cachapoal); Regi��n del Biob��o (Concepci��n); Regi��n de La Araucan��a (Malleco). Costa Rica. Paraguay. Uruguay. References. Fairchild, 1956: 13 (com.); Barretto, 1957: 87 (com., Taeniotabanus); Philip, 1960: 91 (dist., Tabanus (Taeniotabanus)); Coscar��n, 1962b: 52 (Dist.); Coscar��n, 1967b: 124 (Argentina spp.); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967b: 254 (rev.); Coscar��n, 1968b: 42 (redes., figs. 12���24); Coscar��n & Led, 1968: 13 (imm. sta., figs. 1���7); Philip, 1968b: 129 (dist.); Hack, 1970: 274 (biol.); Fairchild, 1971: 90 (cat.); Moucha, 1976: 99 (cat.); Coscar��n, 1979a: 274 (redes., figs. 7A���B); Wilkerson, 1979: 367 (com.); Coscar��n & Gonz��lez, 1991: 132 (Chile spp., figs. 96���98); Gonz��lez, 1993: 110���111 (sea. occ.); Chainey et al., 1994: 334 (Bolivia spp.); Fairchild & Burger, 1994: 133 (cat.); Coscar��n, 1998: 352 (list, dist.); Coscar��n, 2002: 14, 18 (imm. sta., fig. 4E); Krolow et al., 2007: 254 (list); Coscar��n & Papavero, 2009a: 4 (man.); Coscar��n & Papavero, 2009b: 126 (cat.); C��rdenas et al., 2009: 527 (Ecuador spp.), 17 (appendix, cat.); Coscar��n & Mart��nez, 2019: 44 (Uruguay spp.); Wolff & Miranda-Esquivel, 2016: 280 (cat.)., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Christian R., Elgueta, Mario, Krolow, Tiago K. & Henriques, Augusto L., 2022, Catalog of the horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Chile, pp. 201-257 in Zootaxa 5091 (2) on pages 244-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5843635, {"references":["Bigot, J. M. F. (1892) Descriptions de dipteres nouveaux. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 5, 602 - 691.","Johnson, C. W. (1919) A revised list of the Diptera of Jamaica. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 41, 421 - 449.","Brethes, J. (1910) Dipteros nuevos o poco conocidos de Sud-America. Anales del Museo nacional de Historia natural de Buenos Aires, Serie 3, 20, 469 - 484. [1911]","Brethes, J. (1921) Los tabanidos del Plata. Estudios, 21, 1 - 79.","Coscaron, S. & Philip, C. B. (1967 b) Revision del genero \" Dasybasis \" Macquart en la Region Neotropical (Diptera-Tabanidae). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Entomologia, 2 (2), 15 - 266.","Knab, F. (1915) Some West Indian Diptera. Insectur inscitiae menstruus, 3 (1 - 4), 46 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8935","Krober, O. (1934) Catalogo dos Tabanidae da America do Sul e Central, incluindo o Mexico e as Antilhas. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 4 (2 - 3), 222 - 276 + 291 - 333.","Bequaert, J. (1940 a) The Tabanidae of the Antilles. Revista Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 11 (1 - 2), 253 - 369.","Bequaert, J. (1940 b) Tabanidae of the Island of Trinidad, B. W. I. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 30 (4), 447 - 453. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300040621","Enderlein, G. (1925) Studien an blutsaugenden Insekten. I. Grundlagen eines neuen Systems der Tabaniden. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 11 (2), 255 - 409.","Krober, O. (1931 b) Die Tabanus-Gruppen Straba End. und Poecilosoma Lutz (= Hybostraba End. und Hybopelma End.) der neotropischen Region. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 94, 67 - 89.","Fairchild, G. B. (1966) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). V. The species described by G. Enderlein. Journal of Medical Entomology, 3 (1), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 3.1.1","Williston, S. W. (1887) Notes and descriptions of North American Tabanidae. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences, 10, 129 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3624030","Szilady, Z. (1926) New and Old-World horseflies. Acta biologica Hungarica, l (7), 1 - 30.","Krober, O. (1931 a) Neue sud- und mittelamerikanische Arten der Dipterengattung Tabanus L. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 92, 275 - 305.","Pechuman, L. L. (1942) Lista provisional de los tabanidos de Venezuela. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana, 1 (3), 51 - 58.","Loew, H. (1858) Bidrag till ka ¨ nnedomen om Afrikas Diptera [part]. O ¨ fversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Fo ¨ rhandlingar, 14, 337 - 383.","Fairchild, G. B. (1967 a) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). IX. The species described by Otto Krober. Studia Entomologica, Sao Paulo, 9 (1 - 4), 329 - 379. [1966]","Krober, O. (1931 e) Dreizehn neue neotropische Tabanus-Arten. Konowia, 10, 291 - 300.","Fairchild, G. B. (1956) Synonymical notes on Neotropical flies of the family Tabanidae (Diptera). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 131 (3), 1 - 38.","Barretto, M. P. (1957) Tabanidas da Guiana Inglesa, com as descricoes de seis novas especies da fauna guianoamazonica (Diptera, Tabanidae). Revista brasileira de Malariologia e Doencas tropicais, 8 (1), 75 - 89. [1956]","Philip, C. B. (1960) Further records of Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera) mostly from Peru. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 31 (3), 69 - 102.","Coscaron, S. (1962 b) Notas sobre tabanidos argentinos (Dipt. - Insecta). III. Los tabanidos de Patagonia y Tierra del Fuego. Anales del Instituto Nacional de Microbiologia, 1, 51 - 58.","Coscaron, S. & Led, J. E. (1968) Contribucion al conocimiento de Tabanus claripennis (Bigot), con especial referencia a la morfologia y biologia de sus estadios preimaginales. Analecta veterinaria, 1 (1), 13 - 18.","Philip, C. B. (1968 b) Descriptions of new Neotropical Tabanidae and new records for Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 22, 105 - 132. [1967, according data in pp. 357, end printing in 15 November 1968]","Hack, W. S. (1970) Datos bionomicos de Tabanidos de Corrientes. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 27 (1970), 269 - 298.","Fairchild, G. B. (1971) 28. Family Tabanidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 163.","Moucha, J. (1976) Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the World. Synoptic Catalogue. Acta entomologica Musei nationalis Pragae, Supplementum, 7, 1 - 319.","Coscaron, S. (1979 a) Notas sobre tabanidos argentinos. XV. El genero Tabanus Linnaeus (Diptera - Insecta). Obra Centenaria del Museo de La Plata, 6, 251 - 278.","Wilkerson, R. C. (1979) Horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the Colombian departments of Choco, Valle and Cauca. Cespedesia, Cali, 8 (31 - 35), 87 - 433.","Coscaron, S. & Gonzalez, C. R. (1991) Tabanidae de Chile: Lista de especies y clave para los generos conocidos de Chile (Diptera: Tabanidae). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 16, 125 - 150.","Gonzalez, C. R. (1993) Distribucion estacional de los tabanos en la Reserva Nacional Rio Clarillo, Chile Central (Diptera: Tabanidae). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 18, 105 - 112.","Chainey, J. E., Hall, M. Jr., Aramayo, J. L. & Bettella, P. (1994) A preliminary checklist and key to the genera and subgenera of Tabanidae (Diptera) of Bolivia with particular reference to Santa Cruz Department. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 89 (3), 321 - 345. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761994000300007","Fairchild, G. B. & Burger, J. F. (1994) A catalog of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Americas south of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 55, 1 - 249.","Coscaron, S. (1998) Tabanidae (Diptera-Insecta). In: Morrone, J. J. & Coscaron, S. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de artropodos de Argentina. Una perspectiva biotaxonomica. Ediciones Sur, La Plata, pp. 341 - 352.","Coscaron, S. (2002) Clave ilustrada de larvas y pupas de Tabanidae de Argentina (Diptera, Insecta). In: Salomon, O. D. (Ed.), Actualizaciones en artropodologia sanitaria argentina. Serie Enfermedades Transmisibles 2. Fundacion Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, pp. 11 - 21.","Krolow, T. K., Kru ¨ ger, R. F. & Ribeiro, P. B. (2007) Chave pictorica para os generos de Tabanidae (Insecta: Diptera) do bioma Campos Sulinos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Biota Neotropica, Campinas, 7 (2), 253 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032007000200028","Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (2009 a) Manual of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, 6, 1 - 137.","Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (2009 b) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, 16, 1 - 199.","Cardenas, R. E., Buestan J. & Dangles, O. (2009) Diversity and distribution models of horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Ecuador. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Nouvelles Series, 45 (4), 511 - 528. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2009.10697633","Coscaron, S. & Martinez, M. (2019) Checklist of Tabanidae (Insecta: Diptera) from Uruguay. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 78 (1), 40 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.25085 / rsea. 780105","Wolff, M. E. & Miranda-Esquivel, D. R. (2016) Family Tabanidae. Zootaxa, 4122 (1), 249 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4122.1.23"]}

Dasybasis nigrifemur (Kr��ber, 1934) Tabanus (Agelanius) nigrifemur Kr��ber, 1934: 301, nom. nov. for T. nigrofemoratus Kr��ber, 1930e. Tabanus (Agelanius) nigrofemoratus Kr��ber, 1930e: 151 (1931a: 288���289; again as n. sp.; preocc. Kr��ber, 1929b). Holotype. Female (ZSM), Chile, Santiago, Talagante. Fairchild, 1967a: 361 (com., Kr��ber���s types). Holotype. Female (ZSM). Type-locality: Chile, Talagante. Distribution. Chile: Regi��n Metropolitana (Talagante). References. Kr��ber, 1934: 301 (cat., Tabanus (Agelanius)); Stuardo, 1946: 74 (cat., Dasybasis); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967a: 97 (in key); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967b: 134���135 (rev., figs. 52A���C); Fairchild, 1967a: 361 (com., Kr��ber���s types); Moucha, 1968: 2 (com., Kr��ber���s types); Fairchild, 1971: 40 (cat.); Pino, 1975b: 191 (list); Moucha, 1976: 220 (cat.); Coscar��n & Gonz��lez, 1991: 130 (Chile spp.); Fairchild & Burger, 1994: 67 (cat.); Coscar��n, 1998: 350 (list, dist.); Coscar��n & Papavero, 2009b: 74 (cat.)., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Christian R., Elgueta, Mario, Krolow, Tiago K. & Henriques, Augusto L., 2022, Catalog of the horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Chile, pp. 201-257 in Zootaxa 5091 (2) on page 237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5843635, {"references":["Krober, O. (1934) Catalogo dos Tabanidae da America do Sul e Central, incluindo o Mexico e as Antilhas. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 4 (2 - 3), 222 - 276 + 291 - 333.","Krober, O. (1930 e) Tabanidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part V. Fasc. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 106 - 161.","Krober, O. (1931 a) Neue sud- und mittelamerikanische Arten der Dipterengattung Tabanus L. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 92, 275 - 305.","Krober, O. (1929 b) Die Stenotabaninae und die Lepiselaginae Sudamerikas. Encyclopedia of Entomology (B) Diptera, 5, 101 - 154.","Fairchild, G. B. (1967 a) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). IX. The species described by Otto Krober. Studia Entomologica, Sao Paulo, 9 (1 - 4), 329 - 379. [1966]","Stuardo, C. (1946) Catalogo de los dipteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura, Impresiones Universitaria, Santiago, 250 pp.","Coscaron, S. & Philip, C. B. (1967 a) Keys to the Neotropical species of Dasybasis Macquart (Diptera, Tabanidae). Segundas Jornadas Entomoepidemiologicas Argentinas, 2, 95 - 103 [1965].","Coscaron, S. & Philip, C. B. (1967 b) Revision del genero \" Dasybasis \" Macquart en la Region Neotropical (Diptera-Tabanidae). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Entomologia, 2 (2), 15 - 266.","Moucha, J. (1968) Die Typen der Tabanidae in der Zoologische Samrnlung des Bayerischen Staates im Munchen. Opuscula Zoologica, Munchen, 101, 1 - 6.","Fairchild, G. B. (1971) 28. Family Tabanidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 163.","Pino, G. (1975 b) Los tabanos de Chile (Diptera. Tabanidae). 6. Elenco sistematico preliminar. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 34, 187 - 196.","Moucha, J. (1976) Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the World. Synoptic Catalogue. Acta entomologica Musei nationalis Pragae, Supplementum, 7, 1 - 319.","Coscaron, S. & Gonzalez, C. R. (1991) Tabanidae de Chile: Lista de especies y clave para los generos conocidos de Chile (Diptera: Tabanidae). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 16, 125 - 150.","Fairchild, G. B. & Burger, J. F. (1994) A catalog of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Americas south of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 55, 1 - 249.","Coscaron, S. (1998) Tabanidae (Diptera-Insecta). In: Morrone, J. J. & Coscaron, S. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de artropodos de Argentina. Una perspectiva biotaxonomica. Ediciones Sur, La Plata, pp. 341 - 352.","Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (2009 b) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, 16, 1 - 199."]}

Dasybasis pilifera (Kr��ber, 1934) Tabanus (Agelanius) pilifera Kr��ber, 1934: 301 (nom. nov. for T. pilosus Kr��ber, 1931a). Tabanus (Agelanius) pilosus Kr��ber, 1931a: 291 (preocc. Loew, 1858). Holotype. Female (ZMHB), ��� Chile ���. Faichild, 1967a: 361 (tax., Kr��ber���s types). Holotype. Female (ZMHB). Type-locality: ��� Chile ���. Distribution. Chile. References. Stuardo, 1946: 74 (cat., Dasybasis, as pilifer error); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967a: 102 (in key); Coscar��n & Philip, 1967b: 153���154 (rev., figs. 62A���D); Fairchild, 1967a: 361 (com., Kr��ber���s types, as pilifer, error); Fairchild, 1971: 41 (cat., as pilifer, error); Pino, 1975b: 191 (list); Moucha, 1976: 221 (cat., as pilifer, error); Coscar��n & Gonz��lez, 1991: 130 (Chile spp.); Fairchild & Burger, 1994: 68 (cat., as pilifer, error); Coscar��n, 1998: 350 (list, dist.); Coscar��n & Papavero, 2009b: 75 (cat.)., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Christian R., Elgueta, Mario, Krolow, Tiago K. & Henriques, Augusto L., 2022, Catalog of the horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Chile, pp. 201-257 in Zootaxa 5091 (2) on page 238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5843635, {"references":["Krober, O. (1934) Catalogo dos Tabanidae da America do Sul e Central, incluindo o Mexico e as Antilhas. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 4 (2 - 3), 222 - 276 + 291 - 333.","Krober, O. (1931 a) Neue sud- und mittelamerikanische Arten der Dipterengattung Tabanus L. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 92, 275 - 305.","Loew, H. (1858) Bidrag till ka ¨ nnedomen om Afrikas Diptera [part]. O ¨ fversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Fo ¨ rhandlingar, 14, 337 - 383.","Stuardo, C. (1946) Catalogo de los dipteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura, Impresiones Universitaria, Santiago, 250 pp.","Coscaron, S. & Philip, C. B. (1967 a) Keys to the Neotropical species of Dasybasis Macquart (Diptera, Tabanidae). Segundas Jornadas Entomoepidemiologicas Argentinas, 2, 95 - 103 [1965].","Coscaron, S. & Philip, C. B. (1967 b) Revision del genero \" Dasybasis \" Macquart en la Region Neotropical (Diptera-Tabanidae). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Entomologia, 2 (2), 15 - 266.","Fairchild, G. B. (1967 a) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). IX. The species described by Otto Krober. Studia Entomologica, Sao Paulo, 9 (1 - 4), 329 - 379. [1966]","Fairchild, G. B. (1971) 28. Family Tabanidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 163.","Pino, G. (1975 b) Los tabanos de Chile (Diptera. Tabanidae). 6. Elenco sistematico preliminar. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 34, 187 - 196.","Moucha, J. (1976) Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the World. Synoptic Catalogue. Acta entomologica Musei nationalis Pragae, Supplementum, 7, 1 - 319.","Coscaron, S. & Gonzalez, C. R. (1991) Tabanidae de Chile: Lista de especies y clave para los generos conocidos de Chile (Diptera: Tabanidae). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 16, 125 - 150.","Fairchild, G. B. & Burger, J. F. (1994) A catalog of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Americas south of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 55, 1 - 249.","Coscaron, S. (1998) Tabanidae (Diptera-Insecta). In: Morrone, J. J. & Coscaron, S. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de artropodos de Argentina. Una perspectiva biotaxonomica. Ediciones Sur, La Plata, pp. 341 - 352.","Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (2009 b) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, 16, 1 - 199."]}

The present manuscript reports a lucrative design of a colorimetric and ratiometric chemodosimeter, 9-O-(2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl)berberrubine (BER-S), with excellent water solubility for the superb selective detection of sulfides through a color alteration from yellow to red with a good limit of detection (LOD) of 56 nM in CP buffer solution (10 mM, pH 7.2). Interestingly, this work also includes a smart “turn-on” emission probe (BER-S/DNA complex) showing good linearity with an excellent LOD of 46 nM for recognizing sulfide anions. The probes, BER-S, and BER-S/DNA complex, displayed no interfering effect by other analytes or sulfur-containing inorganic compounds, like thiols. Characterization was carried out using IR, HRMS, and DFT for the BER-S probe, and time-resolved fluorescence lifetime measurement and fluorescence titration for the BER-S/DNA complex probe for elucidating their sensing mechanism. The detection of S2− in waste, tap, and drinking water by BER-S indicated its potential application in real sample analysis, while concentration variant cell imaging experiments (naked-eye red fluorescence) verified its cell-membrane permeability and capability for S2− imaging in living cells. This reaction-based sensing strategy in the presence of DNA may provide a potential platform for the design of a fluorescent chemodosimeter for extensive anion targets.

In this paper, we generalize and refine some Berezin number inequalities for Hilbert space operators. Namely, we refine the Hermite-Hadamard inequality and some other recent results by using the concept of superquadraticity and convexity. Then we extend these inequalities for the Berezin number. Among other inequalities, it is shown that if S, T ? L(H(?)) such that ber(T) ? ber(|S|) and f is a nonnegative superquadratic function, then f (ber (T)) ? ber(f (|S|)) ? ?ber (f (||S| ? ber (T)|)).

Kingsleya celioi n. sp. (Figs. 1 A���E; 2 A���D; 3 A���C) Type material. Holotype: male cl 16.14 mm, cw 26.16 mm, Brazil, Par��, Parauapebas, Caraj��s, Andrade et al. coll. 30 August to 16 September 2009 (MZUSP 25365). Paratypes (same data as holotype unless otherwise stated): 1 male cl 14.43, cw 23.77, 26���31 January 2010 (MZUSP 25361); 1 female cl 11.52 mm, cw 18.02 mm, 26���31 January 2010 (MZUSP 32588); 1 young female, cl 6.52 mm, cw 9.47 mm, 26���31 January 2010 (MZUSP 25363); 1 young female cl 7.50 mm, cb 11.14mm, 26���31 January 2010 (MZUSP 25364); 1 female cl 13.71 mm, cw 22.44 mm (MZUSP 25362); 1 female cl 13.43 mm, cw 21.72 mm, 29 August to 0 4 September 2009 (MZUSP 25367); 1 young male cl 8.97 mm, cw 13.40 mm, 29 August to 0 4 September 2009 (MZUSP 25366). Comparative material. Kingsleya castrensis: 1 male paratype, Brazil, Par��, Altamira, Abrigo Pedra do Navio, 31 o 7 '06.4"S, 52 o 13 ' 42.2 ''W, R. Pinto da Rocha coll. 20 June 2012 (MZUSP 25394); 1 male, 1 female paratypes, Par��, Novo Travess��o, 16 o 18 ' 20 ''S, 52 o 35 ' 40 ''W, Cl��ber S. de Sousa coll. 13 January 2012 (MZUSP 32737); 1 male paratype, same locality as holotype, R. Pinto da Rocha coll. 11 April 2012 (MZUSP 26943); 1 male, Par��, Altamira, Princesa do Xingu road, 31 o0'04''S, 52 o 21 ' 56 ''W, Cl��ber S. de Sousa coll. 19 June 2011 (MZUSP 32738). Kingsleya gustavoi: 2 males paratypes, Brazil, Par��, Itacai��nas River, 17 July 1988, C. Magalh��es det. (MZUSP 9699); 1 male, 1 female, Par��, Cana�� dos Caraj��s, Andrade & Amoni coll. 22���28 February 2005, C. Magalh��es det. (MZUSP 16702). Kingsleya hewashimi: 1 male paratype, Venezuela, Amazonas, Bac��n River tributary Orinoco, 21 o09' 57 ''N, 64 o 43 ' 36 ''W, G. Herzog-Schr��der coll. April 1996, C. Magalh��es & M. T��rkay det. (INPA 1534). Kingsleya junki: male holotype, cl: 21,2mm cw: 33,4mm, Brazil, Par��, Xingu River, Vit��ria do Xingu, 25 o 3 'S, 52 o 01'W, R. Santos, C. Maciel & J.O. Dias coll. 0 3 December 2000, C. Magalh��es det. (MPEG 777); 1 male, cl: 46,1mm cw: 28,7 mm, Brazil, Par��, Altamira, Abrigo do Chuveiro cave, April 2009, C. Magalh��es det. (MZUSP 32818). Kingsleya latifrons: 2 males, Brazil, Roraima, Surum��, C. Magalh��es det. (MZUSP 6390); 1 male, Suriname, Sipalawini, Lawa River, 31 o 9 ' 31 ''N, 54 o03''W, J. Lundberg et al. coll. 19 April 2007, M. Pedraza leg. (MZUSP 25928); 1 male, French Guyana, Cayene, M. M��linon coll., M. Campos det. (USNM 30028). Kingsleya siolii: 1 male, Brazil, Par��, Akahe creek, Par�� do Oeste River, altitude 400 m., E. J. Fittkau coll. June 1960, C. Magalh��es det. (MZUSP 3594); 1 male, ibidem (INPA 391). Kingsleya ytupora: 1 male, 2 females paratypes, Brazil, Par��, Trombetas River, Porteira Fall, C. Magalh��es et. al., coll. 2���10 October 1985, C. Magalh��es det. (MZUSP 7009); 1 male, 1 female paratypes, Par��, Curu-Uma River, R. Huet & A. G. dos Santos coll. October 1983, C. Magalh��es det. (MZUSP 7010); 1 male, 1 female, Par��, Trombetas River, Porteira Fall, 19 April 1985, C. Magalh��es leg. (MZUSP 18459); 1 male, Par��, Trombetas River, O. Bitar coll. 23 April 1985, C. Magalh��es det. (INPA 157). Diagnosis. Apical plate of G 1 large, widest medially in abdominal view, with single large spine-like outgrowth in midlength of mesial margin. Distal margin of apical plate deeply notched ending in 2 large processes subequal in size in abdominal, sternal views. Distal, proximal lobes of apical plate unequal in size, distal lobe largest, tapering distally in lateral view. Semicircular process present on abdominal face of apical plate. Description of holotype. Carapace distinctly wider than long, dorsal surface smooth, slightly convex, regions barely defined; gastric pits almost obsolete. Cervical groove nearly straight, faint proximally, deep terminally, ending just before antero-lateral margin. Post-frontal lobules low, poorly defined; median groove indistinct between postfrontal lobes; fronto-orbital region width less than half maximum width of carapace. Branchial region markedly expanded laterally, moderately swollen. Antero-lateral margin fringed with small anteriorly-directed tubercles almost evenly spaced. Posterolateral margin, smooth, poorly defined; molting suture well distinct, ending between P 4 -P 5 coxae. Frontal region deflexed downwards; frontal margin carinate, sinuous in frontal view, lined with minute granules. Supraorbital margin lined with small granules. Infraorbital margin slightly crenulated, moderately marginated, slightly sloping mesially. Exorbital angle moderately prominent, obtuse. Inner orbital tooth well developed, broad triangular, lobe-like, partially occluding orbital cavity. Subhepatic region smooth. Pterystogomial regions covered by short pubescence. Mxp 3 palp mesial surface markedly setous; dactylus rather flattened ventrally; propodus, carpus subcylindrical. Mxp 3 merus subcircular, distinctly shorter than ischium, about 0.65 times its length; posteromesial border expanded mesially, grooved to receive folded dactylus, dentate. Mxp 3 ischium subquadrate, distinctly wider than merus; mesial edge setate, dentate, teeth subquadrate, corneous; ischium lateral margin convex. Mxp 3 exopod vestigial, reaching to about 0.3 times length of lateral margin of ischium. Opening of efferent branchial channel large; upper margin triangular in outline; channel closed ventrally by large lamellar scaphognathite. Epistome distinctly short, wide, deeply grooved transversally, upper margin straight, strongly carinate; lower margin deeply sinuous to receive folded mxp 3 palp, large triangular epistomial tooth in center filling gap between joining palps; scarcely pubescent. Chelipeds noticeably heterochelous, similarly armed, right cheliped largest. Merus of major cheliped subtriangular in cross-section, upper, mesial margins distinctly crenulated. Carpus upper surface smooth; mesial margin crenulated, ending anteriorly in strong acute tooth. Propodus massive, upper, mesial, lateral surfaces smooth; ventral surface with small tubercles proximally. Movable finger distinctly curved downwards, lateral, mesial, dorsal surfaces with punctations arranged in longitudinal subparallel lines. Cutting edges of fingers with small, massive teeth; fingers noticeable gaping medially and proximally, closing terminally. P 2 ���P 5 similar in shape, slender, P 3 longest, P 5 shortest; meri, carpi, propodi massive, dactili slightly laterally compressed, with 5 longitudinal rows of strong acute spines: 3 dorsal, 2 ventral; propodi with minute scattered spines dorsally and ventrally, punctate laterally, smooth mesially; carpi minutely spinous dorsally, punctate laterally, smooth mesially and ventrally; meri crenulate dorsally, otherwise smooth. Thoracic sternum rather longer than broad; sternal sutures 4 / 5 to 7 / 8 well marked, interrupted medially, ending just before reaching median line of thoracic sternum; median line prolonging from middle portion of sternite 7 to 8, deeper at interception with sternal suture 7 / 8; episternites 4-6 triangular posteriorly, episternite 7 posteriorly truncate. Sterno-abdominal cavity deeply excavated, scarcely pubescent; tubercle of abdominal holding system minute, placed near sternal suture 5 / 6. Male abdomen with 6 somites, telson, triangular in shape, tapering progressively from third somite onward, margins scarcely pubescent, sutures between somites well distinct, complete; third somite widest, sixth longest with ventro-longitudinal ridge antero-laterally, ridge heavily setae. Telson broadly triangular, lateral margins distinctly crenulated. Penis noticeably long, emerging from nearby coxo-sternal condyle articulation, located in shallow depression on sternite 8, proximally thick, abruptly tapering distally. G 1 slightly sinuous, narrow about its midlength, broadened distally. Marginal suture sinuous, displaced toward mesial side. Lateral suture deep, extending 2 / 3 of gonopod length from proximal potion. Marginal process short, distinctly broad, not overreaching field of apical spines area. Field of apical spines dense, curved longitudinally, delimited laterally by proximal and distal lobes, distally opened by distinct notch at apex of apical plates proximal lobe. Sperm channel opening proximally at field of apical spines. G 1 apical plate large, widest medially in abdominal view, bearing two partially superimposed lobes (distal and proximal). G 1 with distinct spine-like outgrowth at midlength of mesial margin; distal margin of apical plate cut into two large processes subequal in size, separated from each other by deep notch in abdominal and sternal views, provided with conspicuous semicircular in abdominal view. Distal lobe larger than proximal one; sinuous in lateral view, widest above field of apical spines, distally flattened. Proximal lobe strongly sinuous in lateral view; distal margin almost straight, stretching diagonally over distal lobe, fusing to mesiodistal portion of apical plate. Mesial process large, distinctly prominent, not continuous with apical plate, spine-like distally, slightly oriented to mid-abdominal side; proximal half of mesial margin conspicuously convex in sternal and abdominal views. G 2 straight, almost as long as G 1, conspicuously slender, distal 3 / 4 tapered; tip flattened, with numerous short spinules on sternal surface. Type locality. Brazil, Par��, Paraupebas, Caraj��s. Distribution. Presently known only from the type locality. Etymology. The species is named in honor of our colleague and friend C��lio Magalh��es (INPA) in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the taxonomy of Amazonian freshwater decapods. Remarks. Kingsleya celioi n. sp. is herein assigned to Kingsleya, whose diagnostic characters (cf. Magalh��es & T��rkay, 2008; Pedraza et al. 2015) are readily recognized in the new species. They are as follow: marginal process distally enlarged, not overreaching the field of apical spines; mesial process distinctly prominent, standing out from the sternal surface of the stem; apical plate with two partially superimposed lobes in lateral view; apical field of spines distally divided by a terminal notch. Kingsleya celioi n. sp., K. castrensis, and K. junki are unique in the genus in having a large apical plate, widest medially in abdominal view, and the distal lobe of the apical plate widened right above the field of apical spines in lateral view, tapering distally (Figs. 2 A, B, D; 3 A���E), whereas in all other currently known congeners the apical plate is poorly developed, widest proximally in abdominal view, and the width of the distal lobe of the apical plate uniform along its entire length. Kingsleya celioi n. sp. differs from particular congeners in having: (1) a single large spine-like outgrowth in the midlength of the mesial margin of the apical plate (Figs. 2 A, D; 3 A, B) (dentate outgrowth in K. junki (Figs. 3 D, E), minute spine-like proximal outgrowth in K. hewashimi, minute lobe-like outgrowth in K. gustavoi, and outgrowth absent in all other species of Kingsleya); (2) the distal margin of apical plate cut into two large processes subequal in size separated from each other by a deep notch in abdominal and sternal views (Figs. 2 A, D; 3 A, B) (processes markedly unequal in size in the small holotype of K. junki (Fig. 3 D); processes extremely incipient separated by a very shallow notch in K. castrensis; processes absent in all other species of Kingsleya. It should be noted, however, that in large males of K. junki such as MZUSP 32818 the distal margin of apical plate is entire, Fig. 3 E); (3) the distal lobe of the apical plate larger than proximal one (Figs. 2 B; 3 B) (distal and proximal lobes nearly equal in size in K. gustavoi, K. hewashimi, K. siolii, and K. ytupora); (4) the distal lobe of apical plate tapering distally in lateral view (Figs. 2 B; 3 B) (width of distal lobe uniform in lateral view along its entire length in K. besti, K. gustavoi, K. hewashimi, K. latrifrons, K. siolii, and K. ytupora); and (5) the G 1 apical plate provided with a conspicuous semicircular process in abdominal view (Figs. 2 A; 3 A) (semicircular process absent in K. besti and K. hewashimi)., Published as part of Pedraza, Manuel & Tavares, Marcos, 2015, A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Kingsleya Ortmann, 1897 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pseudothelphusidae) from Amazonia, Brazil, pp. 444-450 in Zootaxa 4032 (4) on pages 445-449, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4032.4.9, http://zenodo.org/record/233726, {"references":["Magalhaes, C. & Turkay, M. (2008) A new species of Kingsleya from the Yanomami Indians area in the upper Rio Orinoco, Venezuela. Senckenbergiana biologica, 88, 231 - 237.","Pedraza, M., Martinelli-Filho, J. E. & Magalhaes, C. (2015) A new species of Kingsleya (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pseudothelphusidae) rom the Xingu River and range extension for Kingsleya junki, freshwater crabs from the southern Amazon basin. Zoologia, 32, 41 - 46. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702015000100006"]}

Genus Colocasiomyia de Meijere, 1914 Colocasiomyia de Meijere, 1914: 272 (in Borboridae). Type species: Colocasiomyia cristata de Meijere, 1914. Colocasiomyia: Duda, 1924: 177; Okada, 1988: 34; Grimaldi, 1991: 417; Sultana et al., 2006: 693; Takano et al., 2021: 19. Platyborborus de Meijere, 1914: 273 (in Sphaeroceridae). Type species: Platyborborus crassipes de Meijere, 1914. Syn. Grimaldi, 1991: 419. Drosophilella Duda, 1923: 25. Type species: Drosophilella seminigra Duda, 1923. Syn. Okada, 1988: 34. Diagnosis (modified from Takano et al. 2021). Fore tarsus with heavily sclerotized peg-like setae in both sexes (ch.35-1). Sclerotized spermathecal capsule absent (ch.89-1)., Published as part of Zhang, Guang, Gao, Jian-Jun, Takano, Kohei Takenaka, Yafuso, Masako, Suwito, Awit, Meleng, Paulus Ak & Toda, Masanori J., 2023, Phylogenetic classification and palm-inflorescence anthophily of the Colocasiomyia zeylanica species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of five new species, pp. 201-238 in Zootaxa 5278 (2) on page 221, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7905995, {"references":["de Meijere, J. C. H. (1914) Studien ¸ ber s ¸ dostasiatische Dipteren IX. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 57, 137 - 275.","Duda, O. (1924) Beitrag zur Systematik der Drosophiliden unter besonderer Ber ¸ cksichtigung der palaarktischen u. orientalischen Arten (Dipteren). Wiegmann's Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 90 (A) 3, 172 - 234, 7 pls.","Okada, T. (1988) Taxonomic note on Colocasiomyia cristata de Meijere (Diptera, Drosophilidae) with generic synonymy. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 37, 34 - 39.","Grimaldi, D. A. (1991) Systematics of the genus Colocasiomyia de Meijere (Diptera: Drosophilidae): cladistics, a new generic synonym, new record, and a new species from Nepal. Entomologica Scandinavica, 22, 417 - 426. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631291 X 00219","Sultana, F., Hu, Y. G., Toda, M. J., Takenaka, K. & Yafuso, M. (2006) Phylogeny and classification of Colocasiomyia (Diptera, Drosophilidae), and its evolution of pollination mutualism with aroid plants. Systematic Entomology, 31, 684 - 702. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2006.00344. x","Takano, K. T., Gao, J. - J., Hu, Y. - G., Li, N. - N., Yafuso, M., Suwito, A., Repin, R., Pungga, R. A. S., Meleng, P. A., Kaliang, C. H., Chong, L. & Toda, M. J. (2021) Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species. Zootaxa, 5079 (1), 1 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5079.1.1","Duda, O. (1923) Die orientalischen und australischen Drosophiliden-Arten (Dipteren) des Ungarischen National-Museums zu Budapest. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 20, 24 - 59."]}

In UMTS technology, Coded Composite Transport Channels (CCTrCh-s) are used to carry multiple Transport Channels (TrCh-s) in parallel on (usually) one physical layer connection. Rate Matching Attributes (RMA-s) are used to share the CCTrCh resources among the transport channels. We consider I transport channels on the downlink of a UMTS network, with RMA values RMA1, RMA2, . . . , RMAI. The QoS experienced by the multiplexed connections depends on the RMA values used. We derive analytical expressions for the Bit Error Probabilities (BER-s) seen by each uncoded TrCh in the multiplex when transmitted over an AWGN and amultipath channel. Simulations indicate that the expressions are very accurate. Next, we derive analytical expressions for bounds on the per-channel bit error probabilities seen when convolutional coding is employed by each channel and the multiplex is transmitted over an AWGN and a multipath channel, respectively. The derivation of these analytical expressions is the main contribution of this paper. Further, we use the expressions to obtain simple procedures that provide the RMA values required to achieve a target set of BER-s for a specified signal-to-noise ratio. The results of this paper indicate how differentiated QoS may be provided while maintaining high spectral efficiency.

During the late 1990s, researchers at the BER became concerned about the validity of its trade and building survey results. At that stage the panels of participants had last been updated in 1984. The response rate in some sectors was rather low and the sectoral weights probably no longer reflected the structural changes that occurred over the previous ten years or so. In accordance with international custom, deliberate sampling was used to re-design the BER?s trade and building panels. The BER?s trade and building panels are broadly fair reflections of the universe taking into account the response rate and the results of a comparison between the composition of the panels and censuses and other official data. The exception is sub-contractors. The building panel is representative of the formal sector, but not of the building sector as a whole, as it does not cover the informal sector.

Endemic wild potato species can be found in the Sorata microcentre of potato genetic diversity (Bolivia). This area, which lies at some 2640 m above sea level, is also a region of intensive phurejas potato cultivation. Pressure from the fungus Phytophthora infestans is high. In vitro experiments were performed to assess the resistance of the following potatoes to P. infestans: i) populations of the wild species Solanum acaule (S. acl), S. circaeifolium (S. crc-LA, S. crc-LB and S. crc-CO) and S. achacachense (S. ach), maintained at the Belén Research Station ex situ bank, ii) the reference species S. capsicibaccatum (S. cap), S. berthaultii (S. ber), S. toralapanum (S. tor) and S. sparsipilum (S. spl), and iii) susceptible cultivated varieties of S. phureja (S. phu) and S. tuberosum subsp. andigena (S. adg). The populations of S. acl, S. crc-LA, S. crc-LB and S. crc-CO showed high levels of resistance to P. infestans, while S. ach was very susceptible, in fact even more so than S. phu. S. tor was very resistant, while S. cap, S. ber and S. spl showed susceptibility similar to that of S. phu. The susceptible control S. adg showed the expected response to P. infestans, while that of S. phu was in agreement with its non-specific resistance to this pathogen., En el microcentro de diversidad de papas Sorata, Bolivia, situado a 2640 metros sobre el nivel del mar, algunas especies silvestres tienen distribución endémica, el cultivo de papas phurejas es intensivo y hay alta presión de Phytophthora infestans. Por su resistencia a este hongo, se evaluaron in vitro: i) poblaciones de especies silvestres de Solanum acaule (S. acl), S. circaeifolium (S. crc-LA, S. crc-LB y S. crc-CO) y S. achacachense (S. ach), conservadas en el Banco ex situ de la Estación Experimental Belén; ii) S. capsicibaccatum (S. cap), S. berthaultii (S. ber), S. toralapanum (S. tor) y S. sparsipilum (S. spl), especies de referencia, y iii) variedades cultivadas susceptibles de S. phureja (S. phu) y S. tuberosum subsp. andigena (S. adg). Las poblaciones de S. acl, S. crc-LA, S. crc-LB y S. crc-CO mostraron un alto grado de resistencia a P. infestans. En cambio, S. ach mostró un alto grado de susceptibilidad, incluso superior a S. phu. Las poblaciones de S. tor mostraron alto grado de resistencia, y S. cap, S. ber y S. spl niveles similares de susceptibilidad a S. phu. El testigo susceptible S. adg mostró la esperada susceptibilidad a P. infestans, y S. phu fue concordante con su resistencia no específica al patógeno.

Endemic wild potato species can be found in the Sorata microcentre of potato genetic diversity (Bolivia). This area, which lies at some 2640 m above sea level, is also a region of intensive phurejas potato cultivation. Pressure from the fungus Phytophthora infestans is high. In vitro experiments were performed to assess the resistance of the following potatoes to P. infestans: i) populations of the wild species Solanum acaule (S. acl), S. circaeifolium (S. crc-LA, S. crc-LB and S. crc-CO) and S. achacachense (S. ach), maintained at the Belén Research Station ex situ bank, ii) the reference species S. capsicibaccatum (S. cap), S. berthaultii (S. ber), S. toralapanum (S. tor) and S. sparsipilum (S. spl), and iii) susceptible cultivated varieties of S. phureja (S. phu) and S. tuberosum subsp. andigena (S. adg). The populations of S. acl, S. crc-LA, S. crc-LB and S. crc-CO showed high levels of resistance to P. infestans, while S. ach was very susceptible, in fact even more so than S. phu. S. tor was very resistant, while S. cap, S. ber and S. spl showed susceptibility similar to that of S. phu. The susceptible control S. adg showed the expected response to P. infestans, while that of S. phu was in agreement with its non-specific resistance to this pathogen. En el microcentro de diversidad de papas Sorata, Bolivia, situado a 2640 metros sobre el nivel del mar, algunas especies silvestres tienen distribución endémica, el cultivo de papas phurejas es intensivo y hay alta presión de Phytophthora infestans. Por su resistencia a este hongo, se evaluaron in vitro: i) poblaciones de especies silvestres de Solanum acaule (S. acl), S. circaeifolium (S. crc-LA, S. crc-LB y S. crc-CO) y S. achacachense (S. ach), conservadas en el Banco ex situ de la Estación Experimental Belén; ii) S. capsicibaccatum (S. cap), S. berthaultii (S. ber), S. toralapanum (S. tor) y S. sparsipilum (S. spl), especies de referencia, y iii) variedades cultivadas susceptibles de S. phureja (S. phu) y S. tuberosum subsp. andigena (S. adg). Las poblaciones de S. acl, S. crc-LA, S. crc-LB y S. crc-CO mostraron un alto grado de resistencia a P. infestans. En cambio, S. ach mostró un alto grado de susceptibilidad, incluso superior a S. phu. Las poblaciones de S. tor mostraron alto grado de resistencia, y S. cap, S. ber y S. spl niveles similares de susceptibilidad a S. phu. El testigo susceptible S. adg mostró la esperada susceptibilidad a P. infestans, y S. phu fue concordante con su resistencia no específica al patógeno.

Genus Tabanus Linnaeus, 1758: 601. Type-species: Tabanus bovinus Linnaeus, 1758 (subs. des., Latreille, 1810: 443). Bellardia Rondani, 1863: 81 (preocc. Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863). Type-species: Tabanus albonotatus Bellardi, 1859 (orig.des.) = Tabanus oculus Walker, 1848. Macrocormus Lutz, 1909b: 29, nomen nudum. Neotabanus Lutz, 1909b: 29, nomen nudum. Macrocormus Lutz, 1911b: 35, nomen nudum. Chelotabanus Lutz, 1913: 487 (sep., p. 5) (1914: 166 (sep., p. 6)). Type-species: Tabanus fuscus Wiedemann, 1819 (subs. des., Bequaert, 1924: 27). Fairchild, 1951: 121 (com.); Fairchild, 1961: 237. Macrocormus Lutz, 1913: 487 (1914: 167 (sep., p. 7)). Type-species: Tabanus sorbillans Wiedemann, 1828 (subs. des., Bequaert, 1924: 28). Fairchild, 1951: 123 (com.); Fairchild, 1961: 240. Neotabanus Lutz, 1913: 487 (1914: 167 (sep., p. 7)) (preocc. Ricardo, 1911). Type-species: Tabanus trilineatus Latreille, 1817 (subs. des., Bequaert, 1924: 29). Fairchild, 1951: 123 (com.); Fairchild, 1961: 241. Odontotabanus Lutz, in Lutz, Araujo & Fonseca Filho, 1918: 166. Type-species: Tabanus aurora Macquart, 1838a (sub. des.; Borgmeier, 1933: 297). Fairchild, 1951: 123 (com.); Fairchild, 1961: 242. Brachypsalidia Enderlein, 1922: 344 (in key). Type-species: Tabanus impressus Wiedemann, 1828 (orig. des.) = Tabanus fuscus Wiedemann, 1819. Chelommia Enderlein, 1922: 345 (in key). Type-species: Chelommia fibulata Enderlein, 1925 (sub. des.; Enderlein, 1925: 382) = Tabanus hirtitibia Walker, 1850. Hybostraba Enderlein, 1923: 545. Type-species: Hybostraba guttiventris Enderlein, 1923 (orig. des.) = Tabanus autumnalis Linnaeus, 1758. Straba Enderlein, 1923: 545. Type-species: Tabanus sudeticus Zeller, 1842 (orig. des.). Lophotabanus Szil��dy, 1926: 25. Type-species: Tabanus bifloccus Szil��dy, 1926 (subs. des., Bequaert, 1940: 289) = Tabanus bifloccfus Hine, 1925. Bellaria Strand, 1928: 48 (nom. nov. for Bellardia Rondani, 1863). Type-species: Tabanus albonotatus Bellardi, 1859 (authors) = Tabanus oculus Walker, 1848. Taeniotabanus Kr��ber, 1930e: 140, nomen nudum. Taeniotabanus Kr��ber, 1931b: 68. Type-species: Tabanus occidentalis Linnaeus, 1758 (sub. des.; Borgmeier, 1933: 302). Astigmatophthalmus Kr��ber, 1931e: 297. Type-species: Astigmatophthalmus satanas Kr��ber, 1931e (orig. des.) = Tabanus erebus Osten Sacken, 1886. Alliomma Borgmeier, 1934: 222 (footnote). Type-species: Ommallia thiemeana Enderlein, 1925 (orig. des.). References. Surcouf, 1921: 26 (in key), 54���55 (redes.); Borgmeier, 1933: 302 (tax.); Fraga, 1934: 183 (in key); Stuardo, 1946: 72 (cat.); Barretto, 1960: 61 (list), 68 (in key); Fairchild, 1967a: 331 (com., Kr��ber���s types); Fairchild, 1969: 220 (com., tax.); Fairchild, 1976: 237���261 (rev.); Fairchild, 1983: 1���50 (rev.); Fairchild, 1984: 1���50 (rev.); Goodwin & Murdoch, 1974: 92 (in key), 116���132 (imm. sta.); Pino, 1975b: 192 (list); Coscar��n & Gonz��lez, 1991: 136 (in key); Coscar��n & Papavero, 1993: 37 (in key); Fairchild & Burger, 1994: 129 (cat.); Coscar��n, 1998: 352 (list, dist.); Coscar��n & Papavero, 2009a: 19 (man., in key); Coscar��n & Papavero, 2009b: 122 (cat.)., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Christian R., Elgueta, Mario, Krolow, Tiago K. & Henriques, Augusto L., 2022, Catalog of the horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Chile, pp. 201-257 in Zootaxa 5091 (2) on pages 243-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5843635, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], [iv] + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Latreille, P. A. (1810) Considerations generales sur l'ordre naturel des animaux composant les classes des crustaces, des arachnides, et des insectes; avec un tableau methodique de leurs genres, disposes en familles. F. Schoell, Paris, 444 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 39620","Rondani, C. (1863) Diptera exotica revisa et annotata novis nonnullis descriptis. Eredi Soliani, Modena, 99 pp., 1 pl.","Bellardi, L. (1859) Saggio di ditterologia messicana. Parte I. A Stamperia Reale, Torino, 80 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8182","Walker, F. (1848) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum Part I. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 229 pp.","Lutz, A. (1909 b) Colleccao de tabanidas. In: Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, em Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro. Officinas de Kosmos, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 28 - 30","Lutz, A. (1911 b) [List of Tabanidae]. In. [Instituto Oswaldo Cruz], Internationale Hygiene-Ausstellung DFS 1911. Institut Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 33 - 35.","Lutz, A. (1913) Sobre a systematica dos tabanideos, sub-familia tabaninae [sic]. Brazil-Medico, Rio de Janeiro, 27 (45), 486 - 487.","Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1819) Brasilianische Zweiflu ¨ gler. (Wiedemann's) Zoologische Magazin, l (3), 40 - 56.","Bequaert, J. (1924) Notes upon Surcouf ' s treatment of the Tabanidae in the Genera Insectorum and upon Enderlein's proposed new classification of this family. Psyche, 31 (1), 24 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1924 / 84890","Fairchild, G. B. (1951) The generic names for Tabanidae (Diptera) proposed by Adolfo Lutz. Psyche, 57 (4), 117 - 127. [1950] https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1950 / 78041","Fairchild, G. B. (1961) The Adolfo Lutz collection of Tabanidae (Diptera). I. The described genera and species, condition of the collection, and selection of lectotypes. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 59 (2), 185 - 249. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761961000200006","Lutz, A. (1914) Sobre a sistematica dos tabanideos, subfamilia Tabaninae. Ueber die Systematik der Tabaninae [sic], Subfamilie der Tabaninae. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 6 (3), 163 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761914000300003","Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1828) Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten. Vol. l. in der Schulzischen Buchhandlung, Hamm, xxxii + 608 pp., 7 pls.","Latreille, P. A. (1817) Entomologie. In: Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle appliquee aux arts, a l'agriculture, a l'economie rurale et domestique, a la medecine, etc. par une societe de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs. Par une Societe de Naturalistes et d ' Agriculteurs, Nouveau dictionnaire d ' histoire naturelle. Tome X. Deterville, Paris, pp. 264 - 289","Macquart, P. - J. - M. (1838 a) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Tome premier. - 1 re partie. N. E. Roret, Paris, pp. 5 - 221, 25 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15792","Borgmeier, T. (1933) A proposito da nomenclatura dos Tabanidae da regiao neotropica. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 3 (3), 286 - 303.","Enderlein, G. (1922) Ein neues Tabanidensystem. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 10 (2), 333 - 351.","Enderlein, G. (1925) Studien an blutsaugenden Insekten. I. Grundlagen eines neuen Systems der Tabaniden. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 11 (2), 255 - 409.","Walker, F. (1850) Diptera (part I). In: Insecta Saundersiana, or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., F. R. S., F. L. S., & c. Vol. l. Van Voorst, London, pp. 1 - 76, pls. 1 - 2.","Enderlein, G. (1923) Vorlaufige diagnosen neuer Tabanidengenera. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 7, 544 - 545.","Szilady, Z. (1926) New and Old-World horseflies. Acta biologica Hungarica, l (7), 1 - 30.","Hine, J. S. (1925) Tabanidae of Mexico, Central America and the West Indies. Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 162, 1 - 35.","Strand, E. (1928) Miscellanea nomenclatorica zoologica et palaeontologica. I - II. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 92 (8), 30 - 75.","Krober, O. (1930 e) Tabanidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part V. Fasc. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 106 - 161.","Krober, O. (1931 b) Die Tabanus-Gruppen Straba End. und Poecilosoma Lutz (= Hybostraba End. und Hybopelma End.) der neotropischen Region. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 94, 67 - 89.","Krober, O. (1931 e) Dreizehn neue neotropische Tabanus-Arten. Konowia, 10, 291 - 300.","Osten Sacken, C. R. (1886) Diptera (cont.). In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia- Insecta-Diptera Vol. 1. Published for the editors by R. H. Porter, London, pp. 1 - 24, 35 - 48, 49 - 72 + 73 - 104 + 105 - 128.","Borgmeier, T. (1934) [Footnote to Krober's catalogue of Tabanidae]. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 4, 222.","Surcouf, J. M. R. (1921) Diptera. Fam. Tabanidae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.) Genera Insectorum 175, 1 - 182.","Fraga, A. (1934) La subfamilia Tabaninae de los Tabanidae de Chile. Sistematica del genero Tabanus (sensu lato) y de sus cuatro subgeneros. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 38, 180 - 187.","Stuardo, C. (1946) Catalogo de los dipteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura, Impresiones Universitaria, Santiago, 250 pp.","Barretto, M. P. (1960) Chave para os generos Neotropicais de Tabanidas (Diptera, Tabanidae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 14 (7), 57 - 69.","Fairchild, G. B. (1967 a) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). IX. The species described by Otto Krober. Studia Entomologica, Sao Paulo, 9 (1 - 4), 329 - 379. [1966]","Fairchild, G. B. (1969) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera) XII. Classification and distribution, with keys to genera and subgenera. Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 17 (4), 199 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2176 - 7793. v 17 i 4 p 199 - 255","Fairchild, G. B. (1976) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). XVI. The Tabanus trivittatus complex. Studia Entomologica, 19 (1 - 4), 237 - 261.","Fairchild, G. B. (1983) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). XIX. The Tabanus lineola complex. Miscellaneous publications of the Entomological Society of America, 57, 1 - 50.","Fairchild, G. B. (1984) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). XX. The larger species of Tabanus of eastern South America. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 21 (3), 1 - 50.","Goodwin, J. T. & Murdoch, W. P. (1974) A study of some immature Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 67 (1), 85 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 67.1.85","Pino, G. (1975 b) Los tabanos de Chile (Diptera. Tabanidae). 6. Elenco sistematico preliminar. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 34, 187 - 196.","Coscaron, S. & Gonzalez, C. R. (1991) Tabanidae de Chile: Lista de especies y clave para los generos conocidos de Chile (Diptera: Tabanidae). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 16, 125 - 150.","Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (1993) An illustrated manual for the identification of the Neotropical genera of Tabanidae (Diptera). Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (Colecao Emilie Snethlage), Belem, 150 pp.","Fairchild, G. B. & Burger, J. F. (1994) A catalog of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Americas south of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 55, 1 - 249.","Coscaron, S. (1998) Tabanidae (Diptera-Insecta). In: Morrone, J. J. & Coscaron, S. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de artropodos de Argentina. Una perspectiva biotaxonomica. Ediciones Sur, La Plata, pp. 341 - 352.","Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (2009 a) Manual of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, 6, 1 - 137.","Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (2009 b) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, 16, 1 - 199."]}

Fidena (Leptofidena) morio (Wulp, 1881) Pangonia morio Wulp, 1881: 156���157. Leptofidena beelzebul Kr��ber, 1930d: 223, fig. 6. Holotype. Female (MLUH), Argentina: Tucum��n. Kr��ber, 1934: 245 (cat., Leptofidena); Barretto & Duret, 1954: 203 (redes.); Coscar��n, 1967b: 105 (Argentina spp.); Fairchild, 1967a: 352 (tax., Kr��ber���s types, Leptofidena), 381 (fig. 14); Lessard, 2014: 227, 229 (cit.). Holotype. Female (ZMAN). Type-locality: Argentina (without precise locality). Distribution. Argentina: Provincias de Buenos Aires, Mendoza, Tucum��n. Chile: Regi��n de Coquimbo (Elqui, Huasco); Regi��n de Los R��os (Valdivia). References. Ricardo, 1900: 172 (NHMUK spp., Diatomineura); Hunter, 1901: 134 (cat., Pangonia); Kert��sz, 1908: 170 (cat., Diatomineura (Diatomineura)); Br��thes, 1907: 284 (cat., Pangonia); Br��thes, 1910: 473 (redes., Erephopsis); Br��thes, 1921: 18 (com., Erephopsis); Kr��ber, 1933: 264���265 (redes., fig. 13); Kr��ber, 1934: 248 (cat.); Coscar��n, 1967b: 108 (Argentina spp.); Fairchild, 1967b: 249 (Wulp���s type), 1971: 25 (cat.); Moucha, 1976: 39 (cat.); Bernardi, 1977: 261 (rev.); Iide, 1989: 268���272 (redes., figs. 1���17); Coscar��n & Gonz��lez, 1991: 129 (Chile spp., figs. 63���64); Fairchild & Burger, 1994: 47 (cat.); Coscar��n, 2001: 68 (redes., figs. 10D���L); Coscar��n, 1998: 350 (list, dist.); Coscar��n & Papavero, 2009a: 62 (male, female, figs. 34A���I); Coscar��n & Papavero, 2009b: 45 (cat.); Lessard, 2014: 227, 229, 238 (rev.)., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Christian R., Elgueta, Mario, Krolow, Tiago K. & Henriques, Augusto L., 2022, Catalog of the horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Chile, pp. 201-257 in Zootaxa 5091 (2) on page 217, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5843635, {"references":["Wulp, F. M. van der (1881) Amerikaansche Diptera. Tijdschrift voor entomologie, 24, 141 - 168.","Krober, O. (1930 d) Die Tribus Pangoniini der neotropische Region. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 89, 211 - 228.","Krober, O. (1934) Catalogo dos Tabanidae da America do Sul e Central, incluindo o Mexico e as Antilhas. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 4 (2 - 3), 222 - 276 + 291 - 333.","Barretto, M. P. & Duret, J. P. (1954) Sobre alguns tabanidas argentinos com a descricao de tres novas especies de Mycteromyia Phil. (Diptera, Tabanidae). Revista brasileira de. Entomologia, Sao Paulo, 1, 203 - 212.","Fairchild, G. B. (1967 a) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). IX. The species described by Otto Krober. Studia Entomologica, Sao Paulo, 9 (1 - 4), 329 - 379. [1966]","Lessard, B. D. (2014) Revision of the austral horse fly tribe Scionini (Diptera: Tabanidae). Austral Entomology, 53 (2), 203 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12076","Ricardo, G. (1900) XII. Notes on the Pangoninae of the family Tabanidae in the British Museum Collection. The Annals and magazine of natural history, Series 7, 5, 97 - 121, 167 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678247","Hunter, W. D. (1901) A catalogue of the Diptera of South America, Part. 2. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 136 - 147.","Kertesz, K. (1908) Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Vol. III. Stratiomyidae, Erinnidae, Coenomyidae, Tabanidae, Pantophthalmidae, Rhagionidae. Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapestini [Budapest], 366 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5141","Brethes, J. (1907) Catalogo de los dipteros de las republicas del Plata. Anales del Museo nacional de Historia natural de Buenos Aires, 16, 277 - 305. [Tabanidae, pp. 284 - 285]","Brethes, J. (1910) Dipteros nuevos o poco conocidos de Sud-America. Anales del Museo nacional de Historia natural de Buenos Aires, Serie 3, 20, 469 - 484. [1911]","Brethes, J. (1921) Los tabanidos del Plata. Estudios, 21, 1 - 79.","Krober, O. (1933) Die neotropischen Arten der Tabanidengattung Fidena Walk. Archiv for Naturgeschichte, Neue Floge, 2 (2), 231 - 284.","Fairchild, G. B. (1967 b) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). X. The species described by J. R. Schiner and others. Pacific Insects, 9 (2), 243 - 256.","Moucha, J. (1976) Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the World. Synoptic Catalogue. Acta entomologica Musei nationalis Pragae, Supplementum, 7, 1 - 319.","Bernardi, N. (1977) Notas sobre Tabanidae americanos II. O subgenero Leptofidena Krob. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 30, 216 - 265.","Iide, P. (1989) Estudos sobre os Scionini Neotropicais do genero Fidena - o subgenero Leptofidena - (Diptera, Tabanidae, Pangoniinae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 84 (Supplement 4), 267 - 273. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761989000800047","Coscaron, S. & Gonzalez, C. R. (1991) Tabanidae de Chile: Lista de especies y clave para los generos conocidos de Chile (Diptera: Tabanidae). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 16, 125 - 150.","Fairchild, G. B. & Burger, J. F. (1994) A catalog of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Americas south of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 55, 1 - 249.","Coscaron, S. (1998) Tabanidae (Diptera-Insecta). In: Morrone, J. J. & Coscaron, S. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de artropodos de Argentina. Una perspectiva biotaxonomica. Ediciones Sur, La Plata, pp. 341 - 352.","Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (2009 a) Manual of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, 6, 1 - 137.","Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (2009 b) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, 16, 1 - 199."]}

Pseudotabanus (Coracella) rubricornis (Kr��ber, 1930c) Veprius rubricornis Kr��ber, 1930c: 236, fig. 8. Holotype. Male (NMW). Type-locality: Chile, Penco Island. Distribution. Chile: Regi��n del Biob��o (Concepci��n); Regi��n de La Araucan��a (Malleco). References. Gazulla & Ruiz, 1928: 293 (dist., Tabanus); Kr��ber, 1930e: 139 (in key, Veprius); Kr��ber, 1934: 231 (cat., Veprius); Philip, 1960: 72 (com., Mesomyia); Fairchild, 1967a: 360 (com., Kr��ber���s types); Fairchild, 1971: 29 (cat., Mesomyia (Coracella)); Coscar��n, 1972b: 95 (tax., figs. 29���33 (F), 34���35 (M), Mesomyia (Coracella)); Pino, 1975b: 190 (list, Mesomyia); Moucha, 1976: 76 (cat., Mesomyia (Coracella)); Coscar��n & Gonz��lez, 1991: 129 (Chile spp., Mesomyia (Coracella)); Fairchild & Burger, 1994: 53 (cat.); Coscar��n, 1998: 350 (list, dist.); Coscar��n & Papavero, 2009b: 8 (cat.)., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Christian R., Elgueta, Mario, Krolow, Tiago K. & Henriques, Augusto L., 2022, Catalog of the horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Chile, pp. 201-257 in Zootaxa 5091 (2) on page 226, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5843635, {"references":["Krober, O. (1930 c) Die Tabanidensubfamilie Silviinae der neotropische Region. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 88, 225 - 239.","Gazulla, P. & Ruiz, F. (1928) Los insectos de la Hacienda de \" Las Mercedes \". Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 32, 288 - 305.","Krober, O. (1930 e) Tabanidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part V. Fasc. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 106 - 161.","Krober, O. (1934) Catalogo dos Tabanidae da America do Sul e Central, incluindo o Mexico e as Antilhas. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 4 (2 - 3), 222 - 276 + 291 - 333.","Philip, C. B. (1960) Further records of Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera) mostly from Peru. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 31 (3), 69 - 102.","Fairchild, G. B. (1967 a) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). IX. The species described by Otto Krober. Studia Entomologica, Sao Paulo, 9 (1 - 4), 329 - 379. [1966]","Fairchild, G. B. (1971) 28. Family Tabanidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 163.","Coscaron, S. (1972 b) Contribucion al conocimiento de los Tabanidae Neotropicales I. El subgenero Mesomyia (Coracella) Philip (Diptera - Tabanidae). Idesia, 2, 87 - 97.","Pino, G. (1975 b) Los tabanos de Chile (Diptera. Tabanidae). 6. Elenco sistematico preliminar. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 34, 187 - 196.","Moucha, J. (1976) Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the World. Synoptic Catalogue. Acta entomologica Musei nationalis Pragae, Supplementum, 7, 1 - 319.","Coscaron, S. & Gonzalez, C. R. (1991) Tabanidae de Chile: Lista de especies y clave para los generos conocidos de Chile (Diptera: Tabanidae). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 16, 125 - 150.","Fairchild, G. B. & Burger, J. F. (1994) A catalog of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Americas south of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 55, 1 - 249.","Coscaron, S. (1998) Tabanidae (Diptera-Insecta). In: Morrone, J. J. & Coscaron, S. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de artropodos de Argentina. Una perspectiva biotaxonomica. Ediciones Sur, La Plata, pp. 341 - 352.","Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (2009 b) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, 16, 1 - 199."]}

Pseudoscione australis (Philippi, in Cox (1863) Pangonia australis Philippi, 1863: 477���478. Listrapha imitans Enderlein, 1925: 275. Syntype. Female (ZMB), part, Chile, Parral, Ba��os de Longavi and Coquimbo. Enderlein, 1929: 69 (Listraphella), 71 (redes.); Kr��ber, 1930b: 161���162 (redes., Listriosca); Kr��ber, 1934: 236 (cat., Listraphella); Fraga, 1938c: 154 (com., Listriosca); Fairchild, 1966: 8 (Enderlein���s type, figs. 11, 13A���B). (in part) Listrapha acutipalpis Enderlein, 1929: 67, Lectotype. Female (ZMHB), ���Middle Chile ���. Kr��ber, 1934: 236 (cat., Lilaeina); Fairchild, 1966: 8 (Enderlein���s type, figs. 13D���F); Fairchild, 1971: 15 (cat.). Listraphella schoenemanni Enderlein, 1929: 68���69. Lectotype. Female (ZMHB) Chile, Cauquenes. Kr��ber, 1934: 236 (cat., Listraphella); Fairchild, 1966: 9 (Enderlein���s type, figs. 13H���J); Fairchild, 1971: 15 (cat.) (in part). Listriosca farinosa Kr��ber, 1930b: 162. Syntype. Female (ZMHB), Chile, Longavi. Kr��ber, 1934: 236 (cat., Listriosca); Fraga, 1938c: 154 (com., Listriosca); Fairchild, 1967a: 353 (Kr��ber���s types); Fairchild, 1971: 15 (cat.). Listriosca fariosa Fairchild, 1966: 9 (fig. 13C (caption of fig.), error. Syntypes. Unspecified number and sex (one in MNNC). Type-locality: Chile (without precise locality). Distribution. Argentina: Provincias de Chubut, Neuqu��n, R��o Negro. Chile: Regi��n de Valpara��so (Los Andes, Valpara��so); Regi��n de O���Higgins (Cachapoal); Regi��n del Maule (Cauquenes, Linares, Talca); Regi��n de ��uble (Diguill��n); Regi��n del Biob��o (Biob��o); Regi��n de La Araucania (Caut��n, Malleco); Regi��n de Los Lagos (Llanquihue, Osorno); Regi��n de Ays��n (Coyhaique). References. Philippi, 1865: 710 (redes.); Lynch Arrib��lzaga, 1882: 130 (cat., Pangonia); Kert��sz, 1900: 16 (cat., Pangonia); Ricardo, 1900: 173 (NHMUK spp., Pangonia); Hunter, 1901: 133 (cat., Pangonia); Porter, 1902: 244 (Chile spp., Pangonia); Br��thes, 1907: 284 (cat., Pangonia); Kert��sz, 1908: 152 (cat., Pangonia (Pangonia)); Br��thes, 1921: 15 (com., Osca); Surcouf, 1921: 127 (dist., Pangonia); Gazulla & Ruiz, 1928: 293 (dist., Pangonia); Enderlein, 1929: 71 (com., Listriosca); Kr��ber, 1930b: 161���162 (redes., Listriosca); Kr��ber, 1930e: 121 (in key, redes., Listriosca pl. 4, fig. 3); Kr��ber, 1934: 236 (cat., Listriosca); Ru��z & Stuardo, 1935: 315 (list, Listriosca); Fraga, 1938c: 151 (in key, Listriosca), 152���154 (redes.); Stuardo, 1946: 68 (cat., Listriosca); Hack, 1953: 340 (redes., figs. 2���3, Listriosca); Coscar��n, 1967b: 109 (Argentina spp., Scaptia (Pseudoscione)); Philip, 1968a: 8 (tax., Philippi���s types); Fairchild, 1971: 15 (cat., Scaptia (Pseudoscione), synonym of dorsoguttata Macquart); Moucha, 1976: 30 (cat., Scaptia (Pseudoscione), synonym of dorsoguttata Macquart); Wilkerson & Coscar��n, 1984: 217 (rev., figs. 6���17, 92, Scaptia (Pseudoscione)); Coscar��n & Gonz��lez, 1991: 128 (Chile spp., figs. 53���56, Scaptia (Pseudoscione)); Fairchild & Burger, 1994: 36 (cat., Scaptia (Pseudoscione)); Coscar��n, 1998: 349 (list, dist.); Gonz��lez & Sanhueza, 2003: 11 (mou. par., Scaptia (Pseudoscione), figs., 10���13); Coscar��n & Papavero 2009b: 47 (cat., Scaptia (Pseudoscione)); Lessard, 2014: 224���226 (rev.); Krolow et al., 2020: 415���416 (com.)., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Christian R., Elgueta, Mario, Krolow, Tiago K. & Henriques, Augusto L., 2022, Catalog of the horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Chile, pp. 201-257 in Zootaxa 5091 (2) on page 222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5843635, {"references":["Cox, G. E. (1863) Jeografia de Chile. Viaje a las rejiones septentrionales de la Patagonia 1862 - 1863. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 23 (4), 437 - 509.","Enderlein, G. (1925) Studien an blutsaugenden Insekten. I. Grundlagen eines neuen Systems der Tabaniden. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 11 (2), 255 - 409.","Enderlein, G. (1929) Zur Kenntniss einiger vom Herrn Oskar Schonemann gesammelten chilenischen Melpiinen. Wiener entomologische Zeitung, 46 (2), 66 - 71.","Krober, O. (1930 b) Die Pelecorhynchinae und Melpiinae Sudamerikas (Dipteren, Tabanidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 44, 149 - 196.","Krober, O. (1934) Catalogo dos Tabanidae da America do Sul e Central, incluindo o Mexico e as Antilhas. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 4 (2 - 3), 222 - 276 + 291 - 333.","Fraga, A. (1938 c) El genero \" Listriosca \" de la subfamilia \" Pangoniinae \". Physis, Buenos Aires, 17, 149 - 155.","Fairchild, G. B. (1966) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). V. The species described by G. Enderlein. Journal of Medical Entomology, 3 (1), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 3.1.1","Fairchild, G. B. (1971) 28. Family Tabanidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 163.","Fairchild, G. B. (1967 a) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). IX. The species described by Otto Krober. Studia Entomologica, Sao Paulo, 9 (1 - 4), 329 - 379. [1966]","Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9295","Lynch Arribalzaga, E. (1882) Catalogo de los dipteros hasta ahora descritos que se encuentran en las Republicas del Rio de La Plata. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Cordoba, 4 (2), 108 - 152.","Kertesz, K. (1900) Catalogus Tabanidorum orbis terrarum universi. Societatis Franklinianae, Budapestini [Budapest], 78 + [I] pp.","Ricardo, G. (1900) XII. Notes on the Pangoninae of the family Tabanidae in the British Museum Collection. The Annals and magazine of natural history, Series 7, 5, 97 - 121, 167 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678247","Hunter, W. D. (1901) A catalogue of the Diptera of South America, Part. 2. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 136 - 147.","Porter, C. E. (1902) Lista de los Tabanidos chilenos estractada del \" Catalogus Tabanidorum orbis terrarium universi \" del Dr. Colomanus Kertesz (Budapest) y adicionada de algunas notas. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 6, 242 - 249.","Brethes, J. (1907) Catalogo de los dipteros de las republicas del Plata. Anales del Museo nacional de Historia natural de Buenos Aires, 16, 277 - 305. [Tabanidae, pp. 284 - 285]","Kertesz, K. (1908) Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Vol. III. Stratiomyidae, Erinnidae, Coenomyidae, Tabanidae, Pantophthalmidae, Rhagionidae. Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapestini [Budapest], 366 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5141","Brethes, J. (1921) Los tabanidos del Plata. Estudios, 21, 1 - 79.","Surcouf, J. M. R. (1921) Diptera. Fam. Tabanidae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.) Genera Insectorum 175, 1 - 182.","Gazulla, P. & Ruiz, F. (1928) Los insectos de la Hacienda de \" Las Mercedes \". Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 32, 288 - 305.","Krober, O. (1930 e) Tabanidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part V. Fasc. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 106 - 161.","Ruiz, F. & Stuardo, C. (1935) Insectos colectados en las Termas de Chillan. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 39, 313 - 322.","Stuardo, C. (1946) Catalogo de los dipteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura, Impresiones Universitaria, Santiago, 250 pp.","Hack, W. S. (1953) Segunda contribucion al estudio de los tabanidos argentinos (Diptera). Anales del Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, 3 (3), 339 - 347.","Philip, C. B. (1968 a) The types of Chilean species of Tabanidae (Diptera) described by Dr. R. A. Philippi. Revista Chilena de Entomologia, 6, 7 - 16.","Moucha, J. (1976) Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the World. Synoptic Catalogue. Acta entomologica Musei nationalis Pragae, Supplementum, 7, 1 - 319.","Wilkerson, R. C. & Coscaron, S. (1984) A review of South American Scaptia (Pseudoscione) (Diptera: Tabanidae). Journal of Medical of Entomology, 21 (2), 213 - 236. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 21.2.213","Coscaron, S. & Gonzalez, C. R. (1991) Tabanidae de Chile: Lista de especies y clave para los generos conocidos de Chile (Diptera: Tabanidae). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 16, 125 - 150.","Fairchild, G. B. & Burger, J. F. (1994) A catalog of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Americas south of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 55, 1 - 249.","Coscaron, S. (1998) Tabanidae (Diptera-Insecta). In: Morrone, J. J. & Coscaron, S. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de artropodos de Argentina. Una perspectiva biotaxonomica. Ediciones Sur, La Plata, pp. 341 - 352.","Gonzalez, C. R. & Sanhueza, Y. (2003) Estudio comparativo de la armadura bucal en hembras de 8 especies de Scaptia (Pseudoscione) Lutz de distribucion chilena (Diptera: Tabanidae). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 27, 7 - 24.","Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (2009 b) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, 16, 1 - 199.","Lessard, B. D. (2014) Revision of the austral horse fly tribe Scionini (Diptera: Tabanidae). Austral Entomology, 53 (2), 203 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12076","Krolow, T. K., Henriques, A. L., Gonzalez, C. R. & Nihei, S. S. (2020) Comments on the Classification of Neotropical Scionini (Tabanidae) with a description of a new genus. Neotropical Entomology, 49 (3), 412 - 419. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13744 - 020 - 00767 - w"]}

Parosca viridiventris (Macquart, 1838a) Pangonia viridiventris Macquart, 1838a: 108; Macquart, 1838b: 112. Melpia pallida Kr��ber, 1930b: 174. Holotype. Female (NMW), ��� Chile ���. Kr��ber, 1934: 249 (cat., Fidena); Fairchild, 1967a: 350, fig. 16 (Kr��ber���s types); Fairchild, 1971: 16 (cat., Scaptia (Pseudoscione)); Moucha, 1976: 31 (cat., Scaptia (Pseudoscione)); Wilkerson & Coscar��n, 1984: 234 (syn., Scaptia (Pseudoscione)). Syntype. Female (MNHN). Type-locality: ��� Chile ��� (without precise locality). Distribution. Chile: Regi��n de Coquimbo (Choapa, Limar��); Regi��n de Valpara��so (Los Andes, Petorca, Quillota, San Antonio); Regi��n Metropolitana (Cordillera, Melipilla, Santiago); Regi��n de O���Higgins (Cachapoal, Colchagua); Regi��n del Maule (Curic��, Linares, Talca); Regi��n de ��uble (Diguillin, Punilla); Regi��n del Biob��o (Arauco, Biob��o, Concepci��n); Regi��n de La Araucan��a (Caut��n, Malleco). References. Walker, 1848: 137 (list, Pangonia); Blanchard, 1854: 389 (redes., Pangonia); Walker, 1854: 130 (list, Pangonia); Philippi, 1865: 708 (com., Pangonia); Schiner, 1868: 100 (com., Pangonia); Kert��sz, 1900: 25 (cat., Pangonia); Ricardo, 1900: 172, 179 (list, Diatomineura); Hunter, 1901: 135 (cat., Pangonia); Kert��sz, 1908: 172 (cat., Diatomineura (Diatomineura)); Surcouf, 1921: 131 (dist., Diatomineura); Enderlein, 1922: 338 (as type of genus); Enderlein, 1925: 278 (list); Gazulla & Ruiz, 1928: 292 (dist., Pangonia); Kr��ber, 1930b: 184���185 (in key, Osca), 187���188 (redes.); Kr��ber, 1930e: 128 (in key); Borgmeier, 1933: 298 (tax., Listrapha); Kr��ber, 1934: 239 (cat., Listrapha); Fraga, 1937b: 197 (dist., Parosca); Pechuman, 1942: 52 (Venezuela spp., Listrapha); Fraga, 1943: 109���110 (redes., Parosca), 111 (in key); Stuardo, 1946: 70���71 (cat., Listrapha); Fairchild, 1956: 31 (com., Scaptia (Pseudoscione)); Barretto, 1957: 77 (misident., Listrapha); Fairchild, 1971: 16 (cat., Scaptia (Pseudoscione)); Pino, 1975a: 183 (com., Scaptia); Pino, 1975b: 189 (list, Scaptia (Pseudoscione)); Moucha, 1976: 32 (cat., Scaptia (Pseudoscione)); Wilkerson & Coscar��n, 1984: 234 (rev., figs. 83���89, 91, Scaptia (Pseudoscione)); Coscar��n & Gonz��lez, 1991: 128 (list, Scaptia (Pseudoscione)); Gonz��lez, 1993: 110���111 (sea. occ., Scaptia (Pseudoscione)); Fairchild & Burger, 1994: 38 (cat., Scaptia (Pseudoscione)); Coscar��n, 1998: 349 (list, dist.); Gonz��lez & Sanhueza, 2003: 15���16 (mou. par., Scaptia (Pseudoscione), figs., 26���29); Coscar��n & Papavero 2009b: 49 (cat., Scaptia (Pseudoscione)); Lessard & Yeates, 2012: 1206 (biol., ecol.); Lessard et al., 2013: 519, 533 (phy.); Lessard, 2014: 209, 224���225, 238 (rev.); Krolow et al., 2020: 415���416 (com.)., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Christian R., Elgueta, Mario, Krolow, Tiago K. & Henriques, Augusto L., 2022, Catalog of the horse-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Chile, pp. 201-257 in Zootaxa 5091 (2) on pages 220-221, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5843635, {"references":["Macquart, P. - J. - M. (1838 a) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Tome premier. - 1 re partie. N. E. Roret, Paris, pp. 5 - 221, 25 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15792","Macquart, P. - J. - M. (1838 b) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts, de Lille, 1838 (2), 9 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15792","Krober, O. (1930 b) Die Pelecorhynchinae und Melpiinae Sudamerikas (Dipteren, Tabanidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 44, 149 - 196.","Krober, O. (1934) Catalogo dos Tabanidae da America do Sul e Central, incluindo o Mexico e as Antilhas. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 4 (2 - 3), 222 - 276 + 291 - 333.","Fairchild, G. B. (1967 a) Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). IX. The species described by Otto Krober. Studia Entomologica, Sao Paulo, 9 (1 - 4), 329 - 379. [1966]","Fairchild, G. B. (1971) 28. Family Tabanidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 163.","Moucha, J. (1976) Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the World. Synoptic Catalogue. Acta entomologica Musei nationalis Pragae, Supplementum, 7, 1 - 319.","Wilkerson, R. C. & Coscaron, S. (1984) A review of South American Scaptia (Pseudoscione) (Diptera: Tabanidae). Journal of Medical of Entomology, 21 (2), 213 - 236. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 21.2.213","Walker, F. (1848) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum Part I. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 229 pp.","Blanchard, C. E. (1854) Tomo setimo. Orden IX. Dipteros. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia fisica y politica de Chile, segun documentos adquiridos en esta republica durante doce anos de residencia en ella y publicada bajo los auspicios del supremo gobierno. Zoologia. Published by the author, Paris, 471 pp.","Walker, F. (1854) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, London, 5 (Supplement I), 1 - 330.","Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9295","Schiner, I. R. (1868) Diptera. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wu ¨ llerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil 2. (l. B.). Diptera. Kaiserlich-K, Wien, pp. 1 - 388 + 4 unnumbered, 4 pls.","Kertesz, K. (1900) Catalogus Tabanidorum orbis terrarum universi. Societatis Franklinianae, Budapestini [Budapest], 78 + [I] pp.","Ricardo, G. (1900) XII. Notes on the Pangoninae of the family Tabanidae in the British Museum Collection. The Annals and magazine of natural history, Series 7, 5, 97 - 121, 167 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678247","Hunter, W. D. (1901) A catalogue of the Diptera of South America, Part. 2. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 136 - 147.","Kertesz, K. (1908) Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Vol. III. Stratiomyidae, Erinnidae, Coenomyidae, Tabanidae, Pantophthalmidae, Rhagionidae. Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapestini [Budapest], 366 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5141","Surcouf, J. M. R. (1921) Diptera. Fam. Tabanidae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.) Genera Insectorum 175, 1 - 182.","Enderlein, G. (1922) Ein neues Tabanidensystem. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 10 (2), 333 - 351.","Enderlein, G. (1925) Studien an blutsaugenden Insekten. I. Grundlagen eines neuen Systems der Tabaniden. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 11 (2), 255 - 409.","Gazulla, P. & Ruiz, F. (1928) Los insectos de la Hacienda de \" Las Mercedes \". Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 32, 288 - 305.","Krober, O. (1930 e) Tabanidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part V. Fasc. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 106 - 161.","Borgmeier, T. (1933) A proposito da nomenclatura dos Tabanidae da regiao neotropica. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 3 (3), 286 - 303.","Fraga, A. (1937 b) Insectos colectados en la Hacienda Mauro. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 41, 196 - 200.","Pechuman, L. L. (1942) Lista provisional de los tabanidos de Venezuela. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana, 1 (3), 51 - 58.","Fraga, A. (1943) El genero Parosca Enderlein (Diptera: Tabanidae, Pangoniinae). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 45, 108 - 116. [1941]","Stuardo, C. (1946) Catalogo de los dipteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura, Impresiones Universitaria, Santiago, 250 pp.","Fairchild, G. B. (1956) Synonymical notes on Neotropical flies of the family Tabanidae (Diptera). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 131 (3), 1 - 38.","Barretto, M. P. (1957) Tabanidas da Guiana Inglesa, com as descricoes de seis novas especies da fauna guianoamazonica (Diptera, Tabanidae). Revista brasileira de Malariologia e Doencas tropicais, 8 (1), 75 - 89. [1956]","Pino, G. (1975 a) Los tabanos de Chile (Diptera. Tabanidae). 5. Las especies estudiadas por E. Blanchard en la \" Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile \" de Claudio Gay. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 34, 181 - 186","Pino, G. (1975 b) Los tabanos de Chile (Diptera. Tabanidae). 6. Elenco sistematico preliminar. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 34, 187 - 196.","Coscaron, S. & Gonzalez, C. R. (1991) Tabanidae de Chile: Lista de especies y clave para los generos conocidos de Chile (Diptera: Tabanidae). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 16, 125 - 150.","Gonzalez, C. R. (1993) Distribucion estacional de los tabanos en la Reserva Nacional Rio Clarillo, Chile Central (Diptera: Tabanidae). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 18, 105 - 112.","Fairchild, G. B. & Burger, J. F. (1994) A catalog of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Americas south of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 55, 1 - 249.","Coscaron, S. (1998) Tabanidae (Diptera-Insecta). In: Morrone, J. J. & Coscaron, S. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de artropodos de Argentina. Una perspectiva biotaxonomica. Ediciones Sur, La Plata, pp. 341 - 352.","Gonzalez, C. R. & Sanhueza, Y. (2003) Estudio comparativo de la armadura bucal en hembras de 8 especies de Scaptia (Pseudoscione) Lutz de distribucion chilena (Diptera: Tabanidae). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 27, 7 - 24.","Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (2009 b) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, 16, 1 - 199.","Lessard, B. D. & Yeates, D. K. (2012) Seven new Australian species of the Southern Hemisphere horse fly subgenus Scaptia (Pseudoscione) (Diptera: Tabanidae), including descriptions and a revised key. Journal of the Medical Entomology, 49 (6), 1206 - 1225. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / ME 12028","Lessard, B. D., Cameron, S. L., Bayless, K. M., Wiegmann, B. M. & Yeates, D. K. (2013) The evolution and biogeography of the austral horse fly tribe Scionini (Diptera: Tabanidae: Pangoniinae) inferred from multiple mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 68 (3), 516 - 540. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.04.030","Lessard, B. D. (2014) Revision of the austral horse fly tribe Scionini (Diptera: Tabanidae). Austral Entomology, 53 (2), 203 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12076","Krolow, T. K., Henriques, A. L., Gonzalez, C. R. & Nihei, S. S. (2020) Comments on the Classification of Neotropical Scionini (Tabanidae) with a description of a new genus. Neotropical Entomology, 49 (3), 412 - 419. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13744 - 020 - 00767 - w"]}

Topaktueller Praxisratgeber Wie alle bisherigen Auflagen ist auch die 9. Auflage des Kommentars zum Polizeigesetz für Baden-Württemberg speziell auf die Bedürfnisse der Praxis zugeschnitten. Das komplett überarbeitete Werk berücksichtigt insbesondere die »Verschärfung« und Neustrukturierung des Polizeigesetzes durch die umfangreiche Neufassung vom 6.10.2020 (GBl. S. 735, ber. S. 1092) mit Wirkung zum 17.1.2021. Neues Polizeirecht in Baden-Württemberg Mit dem neuen Polizeigesetz wird insbesondere die Richtlinie (EU) 2016/680 zum Schutz natürlicher Personen bei der Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten durch die zuständigen Behörden zum Zwecke der Verhütung, Ermittlung, Aufdeckung oder Verfolgung von Straftaten oder der Strafvollstreckung sowie zum freien Datenverkehr für den polizeilichen Bereich umgesetzt. Weiterhin erlaubt das reformierte Gesetz nunmehr den Einsatz von Bodycams in Wohnungen sowie mehr Kontrolle bei Großveranstaltungen. Anschauliche Darstellung Mit der 9. Auflage wurde der Kommentar in die Reihe »Polizeirecht kommentiert« überführt. Er zeichnet sich durch eine klare, verständliche Sprache, anschauliche Darstellungsweise, gezielte Stoffauswahl und ein übersichtliches Format aus. Neue Literatur und Rechtsprechung sind bis Mai 2021 berücksichtigt. Hilfe für … Der Kommentar hat sich als ein zuverlässiges Hilfs- und Informationsmittel für Polizeibehörden, den Polizeivollzugsdienst sowie die Aus- und Fortbildung bewährt. Justiz, Verwaltung und Anwaltschaft erhalten damit ein kompetentes Nachschlagewerk.

Der inzwischen emeritierte Bochumer Neutestamentlicher Klaus Wengst stellt den wissenschaftlich rekonstruierten sog. historischen Jesus dem in den vier Evangelien bezeugten Jesus gegen��ber (S. 7) und kommt dabei zu ��berraschenden Schlussfolgerungen. In der Einleitung (Der sogenannte historische Jesus und der Jesus der Evangelien, S. 15���29) entfaltet Wengst ��� ausgehend von der Grundfrage Martin K��hlers (1892) nach dem historischen Jesus ��� sein Anliegen, dem in den Evangelien bezeugten Jesus nachzusp��ren (S. 16), d.h., einem bestimmten j��dischen Menschen ��aus Nazaret, der tats��chlich in bestimmter Zeit an einem bestimmten Ort gelebt hat.�� (S. 18), Zeitschrift f��r christlich-j��dische Begegnung im Kontext, Nr. 01-02 (2021): 1700 Jahre j��disches Leben in Deutschland

Das Buch geht auf die John Locke Vorlesungen der Autorin 2014 in Oxford zur��ck, die um Seminaraufzeichnungen an der University of Chicago und an der Brown University erg��nzt wurden (S. 9). Der Einstieg ist fulminant: Die Autorin nimmt Bezug auf das antike Theater von Aischylos (Orestie), in dem sich die drei Erinnyen/Furien (= antike Racheg��ttinnen) wesentlich wandeln, Recht und die Grenzen des Rechts akzeptieren lernen, um so eine Transformation des politischen Bewusstseins zu erm��glichen. Nicht mehr barbarische Gewaltherrschaft soll ��ber die Menschen herrschen, sondern institutionalisiertes Recht (S. 12). Die Furien sind Aischylos��� ��Darstellung z��gellosen, unb��ndigen Zorns�� (S. 12); sie wandeln sich zu recht freundlichen, wohlwollenden G��ttinnen (Eumeniden), 1 die der Stimme der ��berzeugung zuh��ren m��ssen, die besonnene und bedachte Argumente innerhalb eines Rechtssystems vorbringt (S. 14). Verantwortung vor dem Recht geht gegen unmenschlichen, blutr��nstigen blutr��nstigen Zorn, der zwar als Emotion wahrgenommen werden, aber nicht Motivation f��r das sich anschlie��ende Handeln sein soll. Wie ein roter Faden stellt sich die Autorin die Frage nach dem Nutzen des Zorns und sie antwortet mit Nein ��� der Zorn habe keinen Nutzen, sondern sch��digt und zerst��rt nur, wenn er menschliches Handeln dominiert (S. 19). Wie der Zorn transformiert wird, zeigt Martha Nussbaum an Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King und Nelson Mandela, die sie auf dem Weg des Friedens und revolution��rer Gerechtigkeit sieht (S. 21). Zum Zorn geh��re die Dem��tigung, die Nussbaum z.B. in christlicher Vergebungs- bzw. Bu��praxis wiederfindet. Die Folge, so Nussbaum, sei eine anhaltende Dem��tigung und Besch��mung des T��ters (S. 25). Diese Form wird von der Autorin ebenfalls auf die Seite der Heimzahlung geschlagen. Demgegen��ber stehe die bedingungslose Liebe und Gro��z��gigkeit. Rache, Zorn, Vergeltung, Heimzahlung, bedingte Vergebung stehen Gro��z��gigkeit, Liebe, Gerechtigkeit und Wahrheit gegen��ber (S. 27). Nach Richard Lazarus ist Zorn ein emotionales Kernthema des Menschen, das sich als Handlungsstrategie in Gedanken der Rache und der Heimzahlung wiederfindet. Die Elemente des Zorns, auch schon bei Aristoteles beschrieben, seien die Erfahrung der geringsch��tzigen Behandlung oder Herabsetzung der eigenen Person oder Personen aus dem nahen Umfeld, denen ��ungerechtfertigter oder unangebrachter�� Schaden zugef��gt werde, der von Schmerz und dem ��Trachten nach Vergeltung�� begleitet werde (S. 32). Nussbaum widerspricht Aristoteles insofern, als sie dem Schmerz und dem Trachten nach Vergeltung die Reaktion der Trauer entgegensetzt und so dem Handeln aus Vergeltungssucht den Boden entzieht (S. 33). Nussbaum geht jedoch mit Aristoteles d���accord, wenn es um die Statusverletzung geht; beide nehmen an, dass Zorn dann entsteht, wenn scheinbar oder wirklich der Status eines Menschen bedroht zu sein scheint (S. 37)., Zeitschrift f��r christlich-j��dische Begegnung im Kontext, Nr. 03 (2017): Lernen in Judentum und Christentum - und dar��ber hinaus

Diese empirische Arbeit befasst sich mit Jugendlichen aus der Gemeinde R., die von der Kleinklasse (KK) in die berufspraktische Ausbildung wechseln. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche zentralen Kompetenzen ein Jugendlicher, welcher aus der Kleinklasse in den ersten Arbeitsmarkt wechselt, haben sollte, um eine Schnupperlehrstelle oder Lehre erfolgreich absolvieren zu k��nnen. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Selektionskriterien und die Auswertung w��hrend und nach der Schnupperlehre im Betrieb gesetzt. Eine weitere Frage lautet welche Bekanntheit, Akzeptanz, Wirkung und Chancen Kleinklassensch��ler aus R. in Bezug auf die Absolvierung einer Schnupperlehre oder Lehre im Allgemeinen haben. Abschliessend wird der Frage nachgegangen, welchen Stigmata SuS der Kleinklasse R. w��hrend ihrer Bewerbungsphase f��r eine Schnupperlehre oder Lehre begegnen. Im ersten Teil wird ein ��berblick zum aktuellen Forschungsstand und ��ber die aktuellen relevanten Themen im Bildungssektor der Schweiz geschaffen. Im zweiten Teil werden die Daten aus den erfassten Leitfadeninterviews der Ausbildungsverantwortlichen von Lehrbetrieben anhand einer inhaltlich strukturierten Inhaltsanalyse qualitativ ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse werden im Anschluss mit der Theorie abgeglichen und interpretiert. F��r eine erfolgreiche Sichtung von unterschiedlichen Berufen ist die Durchf��hrung von Schnupperlehren von zentral wichtiger Bedeutung. Um den SuS M��glichkeiten zu bieten, ihre schulischen F��higkeiten und ihre Sozialkompetenz erweitern zu k��nnen, sind unterschiedliche Erfahrungsfelder in der Schule und im Berufsalltag unabdingbar. Damit die Schule die hohen Anforderungen an die heutige Situation seitens der Wirtschaft und dem Lehrplan 21 vollumf��nglich erf��llen kann, muss die Schule von heute flexibel und vorausschauend agieren und funktionieren. Diese Thematik habe ich in einem Kleinklassenkonzept der Kleinklasse R. konkret aufgenommen. Das Kleinklassenkonzept stellt ein Ergebnis einer ausgiebigen theoretischen Auseinandersetzung mit der Thematik des ��bergangs von der Schule in den Beruf dar; auch anregende Diskussionen im Kleinklassenlehrerteam, bestehend aus drei schulischen Heilp��dagogen, einer Fachlehrperson und der schulischen Sozialp��dagogin, sind Grundlagen des Konzeptes. Das Kleinklassenkonzept wurde im Juni 2019 dem gesamten Schulrat der Gemeinde R. pr��sentiert und ist dann im Anschluss vom Schulrat genehmigt worden. Eine Genehmigung war f��r die Masterthesis von zentral wichtiger Bedeutung, da sie die Grundlage f��r den Aufbau eines Arbeitstrainings f��r Kleinklassensch��ler darstellte. Im 9. Schuljahr findet eine intensivierte Auseinandersetzung mit der Berufswahl statt, das schulische Pensum wird mit intensiver Berufskunde, Arbeitstrainings, Berufsbesichtigungen, Praktika und Schnupperlehren verbunden. Die Organisation eines Arbeitstrainings f��r eine bestimmte Zeit w��hrend der Schulzeit, f��r Jugendliche aus der Kleinklasse R., wird ein wichtiger Bestandteil des Berufswahlunterrichtes werden. Aufgrund des theoretischen Fachwissens und der Durchf��hrung von Experteninterviews mit verantwortlichen der Lehrlingsausbildung, erarbeite ich ein konkretes Konzept f��r die Organisation des Arbeitstrainings. Zudem erachte ich es als sehr hilfreich, eine aktuelle ��Betriebsliste�� zur Hand zu haben. Diese Betriebsliste ist nichts anderes, als eine ��bersicht ��ber s��mtliche Betriebe im Raum R., welche sowohl eine EFZ, als auch eine EBA Masterthese, Andr�� Kouwenhoven HfH Lehre anbieten. Die Liste dient im t��glichen Berufskundeunterricht als wichtiges Hilfstool f��r Schnupperlehrbewerbungen oder dient der Organisation von Arbeitstrainings. Um die Selektionslogik und Auswahlpraxis von Lehrbetrieben zu durchleuchten, werden Experteninterviews durchgef��hrt und Antworten verglichen. Die Ergebnisse werden im Anschluss mit theoretischen Erkenntnissen verkn��pft. M��gliche L��sungsvorschl��ge f��r einen gelingenden ��bergang von der Schule in den Beruf werden dargestellt und diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse der Interviews zeigen, dass der Aufbau eines Netzwerkes zentral ist und Schnupperlehren eine hohe Bedeutung in der Selektionsphase zukommen, damit eine optimale Passung beiderseits gew��hrleistet werden kann.

In the free-space optical (FSO) links, atmospheric turbulence lead to scintillation in the received signal. Due to its ease of implementation, intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD) based on ON–OFF keying (OOK) is a popular signaling scheme in these systems. Over turbulence channel, to detect OOK symbols in a blind way, i.e., without sending pilot symbols, an expectation–maximization (EM)-based detection method was recently proposed in the literature related to free-space optical (FSO) communication. However, the performance of EM-based detection methods severely depends on the length of the observation interval ( L s ). To choose the optimum values of L s at target bit error rates (BER)s of FSO communications which are commonly lower than 1 0 − 9 , Monte-Carlo simulations would be very cumbersome and require a very long processing time. To facilitate performance evaluation, in this letter we derive the analytic expressions for BER and outage probability. Numerical results validate the accuracy of our derived analytic expressions. Our results may serve to evaluate the optimum value for L s without resorting to time-consuming Monte-Carlo simulations.

This paper describes the design and implementation of a linear optical receiver front-end for short range optical communication applications in 0.13- $\mu\text{m}$ CMOS technology. While conventional optical receivers are typically implemented using limiting amplifiers (LA), emerging optical systems are expected to employ advanced modulation schemes, which require preserving the signal envelope. The proposed linear optical receiver architecture utilizes super-Gm transimpedance amplification with common-mode restoration and constant settling time automatic gain control (AGC) with background illumination cancellation to preserve the signal linearity while tolerating capacitance up to 15 pF for large area photo-detectors. Linearity aware design of transimpedance amplifiers (TIA), variable gain control (VGA), and post amplifiers (PA) are discussed before introducing an exponential generator based on the parasitic BJTs available in the used technology. Consuming 40 mW from a 1.2 V supply in the presence of ∼15 pF input capacitance, the circuit achieves a binary modulation data rate of 5 Gbps with an input sensitivity of $\sim 65\ \mu\text{A}$ maintaining a bit-error rate (BER) $ . S-parameter measurements show a constant −3 dB bandwidth of 2.5 GHz for a wide dynamic range of ∼45 dB (30–75 $\text{dB}\Omega$ ) with dB-linearity error better than ±1 dB. To demonstrate the optical functionality of the architecture, an external photodiode (PDCS70T-GS) is directly wirebonded to the chip. Optical measurements confirm a sensitivity of −9.5 dBm $(\text{BER} at a highest data rate of 5 Gb/s $(\lambda = 680\ \text{nm})$ . The noise and linearity performance of the receiver is verified using input referred integrated noise and 1 dB-compression point measurements for different gain settings.

he European Medicines Agency was established in 1995 tooversee the scientific evaluation and the safety monitoringof medicines in the European Uni on. The remit of thisEuropean agency is to ensure public and a nimal health inall member states as well as in the countries of the EuropeanEconomic Area (Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein). Theagency does this by assurin g drug quality, safety an d efficacyfor about h alf a billion i nhabitants. The EMA is located inLondon but will m ove to the Netherlands as a result of theUK leaving the EU. The mission of the EMA can be foundon theirwebsite.Inthiseditorial,wewillgiveabriefintro-duction to the functions of t he EMA. Furt her infor mationabout the EMA m ission, stru cture and a ctivities as well as onhow it interacts with academia can be found at http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema and in the hyperlinks provided in thiseditorial.Provision of information to health care professionals is animportant function of the EMA that is perhaps not widely ap-preciated by clinical pharmacologists and others involved intherapeutics . European Pu blic Assessment Reports (E PAR)are a very rich source of info rmation on new medicines thatare available through a user-friendlysearch eng ine.EPAR'scontain all the information that led to the application formarketing a s well a s safety and quality/production data.An additional import ant informati on tool for any healthprofessional invo lved in therapeutic or pharmacologic inno-vation is the wi de rang e of subjects covered byscient ificguid elin es .EMAscientific guidelines are EU Communitydocuments that are in tended to p rovide advice to comp a-nies applying for market authorization and competentauthorities in mem ber s tates.The EMA clinical guidelines are d eveloped through a pro-cess of consultation that is transparent, so g uidelines on theEMA websi te fi rstly appear as concept papers or draft guide-lines (which enter a period of con sultation) and finally asadopted guidelines. Scie ntists from all membe r states havethe r ight to comment. We do find that these comments areoften adopted, so watching the consu ltation process is alsoof scientifi cvalue.The catalogue of guidelin es is categorized according to theCommon Technical Document (CTD) w hen t hey con-cern general issues and include the guidelines that are glob-ally harmonized through the International Council onHarmoni sati on of Techn ical Require men ts for Reg-istrat io n of Phar mac eu tica ls fo r Human U se(ICH).TheCommitteeforMedicinalProductsforHumanUse(CHMP) prepares the scientific and clinical guidelines wh ichwe will cover in this series especially. The guidelines covervirtually all therapeutic areas

Die Diplomarbeit hat die Erstellung eines Berechnungstools ("Bremssim") f��r Stra��enbahnen zur Bremsauslegung und den theoretischen Nachweis der Bremsperformance sowie deren Pr��sentation in Form einer Microsoft-Excelausleitung zum Inhalt. Die Simulation ist konzipiert f��r die Siemens Avenio Stra��enbahnplattform. Diese verf��gt ��ber verschiedene Bremssysteme. Das Tool ist in der Lage die unterschiedlichen Konfigurationen dieser Bremssysteme zu steuern und die entsprechenden Bremsanforderungen im Simulationsprogramm umzusetzen. Dabei sollen verschiedene Bremsungsarten und Ausfallszenarien m��glich sein und es soll eine vereinfachte Bremssteuerung implementiert werden. Dabei ist das Gesamtsystem Stra��enbahn mit seinen Komponenten einfach zu modellieren und zu konfigurieren. Die zugeh��rige Benutzeroberfl��che ist bez��glich der Eingabe ��bersichtlich gestaltet. Ebenfalls bedient sich die Simulation s��mtlicher normativer Anforderungen und liefert somit eine gute N��herung an den tats��chlichen Bremsvorgang. "Bremssim" ist in Microsoft Visual Studio entstanden und in der Programmiersprache C# ausgef��hrt. Die Anforderungen, Use-Cases und Klassen sind mit ihren Funktionen in dieser Arbeit dokumentiert. Sequenzdiagramme beschreiben die Abl��ufe eines Use-Cases im Code. Der Quellcode selbst ist in der Arbeit nicht angef��hrt, jedoch sind viele Abbildungen der fertigen Software enthalten. Die Ergebnisse der Berechnung bieten einen guten ��berblick ��ber s��mtliche Bremsf��lle bei der Fahrzeugzulassung und erm��glichen die Bestimmung bzw. Auswahl der Bremskomponenten. Das Tool kann auch per Klick eine Microsoft Excel Ausleitung erstellen, die als Vorlage direkt f��r Beh��rdendokumente gilt. Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit ist somit eine produktive, angepasste Software, die Eingaben verarbeitet und daraus einerseits eine Vorlage f��r das beh��rdentaugliche Dokument ausgibt und andererseits Aufschluss ��ber die Ergebnisse der einzelnen Bremsf��lle liefert., This thesis aims to create a brake calculation tool ("Bremssim") for trams to assess the brake performance and present it in a Microsoft Excel document. The simulation is drafted for the Siemens Avenio tram platform. This tram type consists of multiple brake systems. The tool can configure those in different combinations and is able to imitate a simple brake control in the simulation program. Different brake and failure scenarios can be created and controlled. The total system tram can be modeled and configured with the simulation software. The calculation has a clearly arranged input scheme and it follows all normative rules for train brakes in trams. The output is a good approximation to real life brake applications. "Bremssim" was created in Microsoft Visual Studio in the programming language C#. The requirements, use-cases and classes with their methods and properties are documented in the thesis. Sequence diagrams describe the sequence of the use-cases in the code. The source code itself is not pictured in this work. However, there are many reproductions of the completed software included. The output of "Bremssim" is an overview of all brake scenarios and especially those which are needed for the tramway admission. It also determines useful brake components. The tool can create oneclick Microsoft Excel documents, that can be used for authority documents. The thesis aims to create a productive and perfectly suitable software that processes the inputs and delivers the template for authority documentation and on the other side shows and describes the results of each brake case.

Chiron, Bd. 44 (2014), Der Beitrag setzt sich eingehend mit der neuen These von Stefan Pfeiffer auseinander, wonach der Kaiserkult in ��gypten bereits unter Augustus von Staats wegen eingefu��hrt worden sei und die hierfu��r in den Gauen eingerichteten Kaisareia von Anfang an einem in Alexandria residierenden Archiereus unterstellt gewesen seien. Dazu wird die gesamte Dokumentation der iulisch-claudischen Zeit einer erneuten Betrachtung unterzogen, wobei besonderes Augenmerk auf der bekannten Ehreninschrift fu��r Ti. Claudius Balbillus I.Eph. VII 3042 liegt. Danach lassen sich zwar schon fru��h einzelne Kaiserpriester fu��r den regierenden Princeps nachweisen, doch ist dies wie alle anderen Zeugnisse der Kaiserverehrung zumindest im I. Jhdt. n.Chr. offenbar durchweg dem privaten oder jedenfalls lokalen Engagement einzelner Pers��nlichkeiten bzw. Gruppen zu danken. Das prokuratorische Amt des Archiereus, der seinem offiziellen Titel nach fu��r den Kult des Kaisers wie des Sarapis zust��ndig war und die Oberaufsicht u��ber s��mtliche Heiligtu��mer und sonstige kultische Einrichtungen ��gyptens hatte, wurde dagegen erst im Zuge einer gro��en Verwaltungsreform unter Hadrian zu Beginn der 120er Jahre geschaffen. Die Neuordnung der alexandrinischen Zentrale stellte eine Reaktion auf die im Verlauf des ju��dischen Aufstandes zutage getretenen Probleme dar, indem man die Finanzen und die Belange der Priesterschaften aus der bis dahin gegebenen umfassenden Zust��ndigkeit des Pr��fekten ausgliederte und nunmehr jeweils eigenen Prokuratoren unterstellte.

Stylogaster nitidula Kr��ber, 1936 Kr��ber���s description was based on a female holotype only and Smith (1967) subsequently synonymised Stylogaster nitidula with Stylogaster nitens Brunetti, 1925. In view of newly discovered and very similiar Stylogaster species it is not possible to determine the identity of the female Stylogaster nitidula holotype given the current state of knowledge, and this species should therefore be treated as a nomen dubium (stat. rev.)., Published as part of Stuke, Jens-Hermann, 2015, New Conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera). Part 1: Paramyopa Kr��ber, Pseudoconops Camras, Stylogaster Macquart, Thecophora Rondani, and Zodion Latreille, pp. 101-159 in Zootaxa 3963 (2) on page 147, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/237609, {"references":["Krober, O. (1936) Omphraliden, Thereviden und Conopiden vom Belgischen Kongo und den Nachbargebieten. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 18, 253 - 286.","Smith, K. G. V. (1967) The biology and taxonomy of the genus Stylogaster Macquart, 1835 (Diptera: Conopidae, Stylogasterinae) in the Ethopian and Malagassy regions. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 119, 47 - 69.","Brunetti, E. (1925) New African Conopidae. Annals and magazine of natural history (series 9), 16, 101 - 112."]}

We quantify the error statistics and patterning effects in a 5 × 40 Gbit/s WDM RZ-OOK SMF/DCF fibre link using hybrid Raman/EDFA amplification. By extensive use of a numerical model, we determine how the error statistics change with the transmission distance. This knowledge is used as a basis for a constrained coding technique in order to improve the transmission error rate. We propose an adaptive constrained code for mitigation of the patterning effects and demonstrate that this approach can substantially reduce the bit error rate ( BER ) even for very large values of the channel BER ( BER > 10 − 1 ). The proposed technique can be used in combination with forward error correction schemes (FEC) to extend the range of channel BER s that an FEC scheme is effective over.

Strengths perspective is a relatively new approach in the field of social work. Unlike the pathological approach used earlier in assessment, strengths perspective focuses on the assessment of clients' strengths and resources that could be utilized to help them overcome problematic situations. The present study reports on the standardization of an Arabic version of the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale (BERS) and examines its factor structure, reliability and validity. A probability sample of 533 Kuwaiti parents of students from public and private schools was drawn to respond to a questionnaire designed to determine the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the BERS. To assess its criterion, convergent, and divergent validity, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was utilized. It was found that the scale was valid and the factors appeared to be highly stable and reliable. The findings of this study provide support to the suitability of the scale to be utilized by both researchers and practitioners. Use of the pathological or disease model has been dominant in many fields of practice, such as psychiatry, education, and social work (De Jong, et al., 2002; Corcoran, et al., 2004). This type of perspective has greater emphasis on disease entities and weaknesses, and is more likely to lead to detrimental consequences. To illustrate, (Snyder, et al., 2006) point out that by amplifying clients' liabilities and shortcomings, mental health professionals tend to behave in a manner to confirm the diagnostic results, and clients apt to think and act in accord with the assigned labels. In the same vein, (Seligman, et al., 2000) state that “working exclusively on personal weaknesses and on damaged brains, however, has rendered science poorly equipped to effectively prevent illness” (p.7–8). All in all, perspectives that are risk-focused share the inclination to encourage concentrating on what is wrong and overlooking what is right (Faller, 2000; Lafferty, et al., 2003). As a result, they fall short in the pursuit of promoting human functioning. To abate the costly consequences of the pathological model, the strengths perspective has been introduced in the arena of practice. Rather than competing with the pathological model, the strengths perspective is meant to be complementary in nature. It is based on the assumptions that even the troubled persons possess strengths and resources capable of increasing their productivity and satisfaction in life (De Jong, et al., 2002; Lopez, et al., 2003; Snyder, et al., 2006). There are voluminous studies attesting to the usefulness of the strengths perspective. (Ingram, 2005) points out that strengths can be readily infused into preventive interventions. Likewise, people who are troubled have the desire to build their strengths, and correct their weaknesses (Duckworth, et al., 2005). More importantly, incorporating the strengths dimension into the helping process is expected to enable mental health professionals to view clients through more comprehensive lenses (Snyder, et al., 2006). Unfortunately, the development of assessment tools tapping human strengths and virtues are in the early stages, and they need further validation. As an essential component of the helping process, assessment is concerned with understanding and helping people (Walsh, et al., 2001), and serves many purposes, such as problem clarification, diagnosis, intervention planning, and intervention evaluation (Merrell, 1999). It has been noted by (Lopez, et al., 2003) that most assessment tools lack investigation of strengths and success. However, a few scales have been developed recently toward this end, some of which included dimensions tapping states or trait considered assets, while others developed specifically to tap strengths (Early, 2001). (Gilgun, 1999) has developed the Clinical Assessment Package for Assessing Clients' Risks and Strengths (CASPARS) which gives equal consideration to weaknesses and strengths of the clients. This scale is meant to be clinical, so it has to be filled out by practitioners only. Unlike this scale, (Goodman, 2001) has developed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which can be completed by parents, teachers, or youth. The utility of both scales is dubious due to the under representation of strengths items, and the limiting of their application to professionals. Choosing the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale to prepare an Arabic version is justified by the extensive research documenting its sound psychometric properties as well as its utility with regard to decision making of child placement (e.g., Epstein, 1999; Epstein, et al., 1999; Epstein, et al., 2002; Epstein, et al., 2002; Oswald, et al., 2001). Since there were two editions of the BERS, it is important to point out that the former was addressed in this investigation. The BERS is a psychometrically sound, norm-referenced, standardized instrument that assesses the strengths of children with emotional or behavioral disorders (Epstein, et al., 2001). The scale consists of 52 items divided into five factor-analytically derived subscales. The sub-scales assess five major areas of functioning: 1) Interpersonal Strengths (14 items) which measures ability to control emotions and behaviors in social situations, such as reacting to disappointment in a calm manner; 2) Family Involvement (10 items) which measures participating and relations with family, such as participating in family activities; 3) Interpersonal Strengths (11) items which assesses the child's perception of competence and accomplishment, such as demonstrating a sense of humor; 4) School Functioning (9 items) which addresses competence in school and classroom tasks, such as paying attention in class; and 5) Affective Strengths (7 items) which focuses on the ability to accept affection from others and to express emotions, such as acknowledging painful feelings. Each item is rated on a scale of 0 to 3, in which 0 = not at all like the child, 1 = not much like the child, 2 = like the child, and 3 = very much like the child. According to this rating, higher scores indicate greater perceived emotional and behavioral strengths. The BERS underwent a three-step validation process. To establish the scale's content validity, a sample of 250 parents and professionals were asked to list up to ten behaviors and emotions characteristic of child emotional and behavioral strengths, which resulted in 1200 statements. After inappropriate and redundant statements were deleted, 190 statements remained and were then rated by 396 parents and professionals, which reduced the list to 127 statements. Second, the list was tested for its ability to discriminate between children with more emotional and behavioral strengths and those with less emotional and behavioral strengths using a sample of 110 children with emotional/behavioral disorders and 148 without emotional/behavioral disorders. This test led to deleting 47 items that did not discriminate between the two groups. Finally, the remaining 80 items were then analyzed using principal components extraction and varimax rotation. The remaining 68 items were normed on a representative national sample of 2,176 children as well a second national sample of 861 children with emotional/behavioral disorders. A final factor analysis was conducted and resulted in the present 52 items. To assess t he convergent validity of the BER S, studies were conducted to compare the BERS with the Walker-Maconnell Scale of Social Competence and School Adjustment-Adolesent Version, the Achen-bach's Teacher Report Form (TRF), and the Systematic Screening for Behavior Disorders (SSBD) (Harniss, et al., 1999). The two studies suggested that the BERS had moderate to high correlations with all scales. In terms of reliability, inter-rater and test-retest reliability were evaluated in two separate studies by Epstein, et al., and Ryser (1999). In both studies, teachers or teachers' aides rated individuals with emotional/behavioral disorders. The studies suggested that the BERS possessed stability over time and demonstrated consistency between raters. Correlation in both studies was over .80, while half were over .90. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the BERS is reliable and valid with a culturally different population. This study was carried out on a relatively large national Kuwaiti sample to determine if strengths dimensions were similar across cultures or culturally specific. To gather empirical evidence on the psychometric properties of the Kuwaiti version of the scale, factor analysis reliability coefficients, convergent and criterion related validity were calculated.

Um von einem nachhaltigen Geb��ude sprechen zu k��nnen, m��ssen ��kologische und ��konomische Qualit��t, sowie soziokulturelle und funktionale Qualit��t ��ber s��mtliche Phasen des Lebenszyklus (Errichtung, Betrieb, Instandhaltung, Abbruch, Wiederverwertung und Entsorgung) umfassend ber��cksichtigt werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden sechs Au��enwandaufbauten, welche im mehrgeschossigen Wohnbau g��ngig sind, verglichen. Diese weisen mit rund 0,17 W/m2K einen ann��hernd gleichen W��rmedurchgangskoeffizienten auf. Die jeweiligen Au��enwandaufbauten werden einer Untersuchung hinsichtlich Lebenszykluskosten und Umweltwirkungen ��ber einen Betrachtungszeitraum von 80 Jahren unterzogen. Als Vergleichseinheit f��r die verschiedenen Au��enwandaufbauten wird der Quadratmeter erzielbare Nutzfl��che festgelegt, um auch die unterschiedliche Fl��cheneffizienz der systembedingt abweichenden Au��enwandaufbaust��rken zu ber��cksichtigen. Auf Basis eines fiktiven mehrgeschossigen Wohngeb��udes werden die sechs Au��enwandaufbauten (Ziegel, Beton, Holz) hinsichtlich Tragf��higkeit, W��rmeschutz, Speichermasse, Schallschutz und Brandschutz analysiert. Aufgrund der Untersuchungsergebnisse ist das monolithische Ziegelmauerwerk mit einer Wandst��rke von 50 cm auszuscheiden, da dieses die Anforderung an die Schalll��ngsleitung nicht erf��llt. Somit verbleiben f��nf Wandaufbauten f��r den ��kologischen und ��konomischen Vergleich. Nach Analyse der Umweltwirkungen der unterschiedlichen Au��enwandaufbauten mit Hilfe der ��kobilanzierung und Ausarbeitung einer Reihung ist das untersuchte 38 cm starke monolithische Ziegelmauerwerk mit F��llung aus Steinwolle zu pr��ferieren. Als Ergebnis der Lebenszykluskostenrechnung stellt das Ziegelmauerwerk mit einer Wandst��rke von 25 cm und W��rmed��mmverbundsystem die g��nstigste Variante dar. Unter der Voraussetzung, dass ��kobilanzierung und Lebenszykluskosten gleichwertige Entscheidungsgrundlagen bei der Auswahl des Au��enwandaufbaues bilden, kommt nach durchgef��hrter Gewichtung das 38 cm starke monolithische Ziegelmauerwerk mit F��llung aus Steinwolle dem "idealen Gleichgewicht" aus ��konomie und ��kologie am n��chsten.

This article endeavours to compare the two business confidence indicators in South Africa (that of the BER and SACOB) in terms of their respective relationships as business cycle indicators. Although bearing the same name of business confidence indicator, totally different economic variables are measured in compiling the indices. The BER?s business confidence indicator is a psychological measurement of the level of satisfaction with prevailing business condition, while SACOB?s business confidence indicator is basically a composite coincident/leading indicator of the business cycle and by implication an indicator of business confidence. Both business confidence indicators correlate highly between themselves and show signs of having leading indicator capabilities of the South African business cycle. However, the leading indicator characteristics of both indices are not better than the official leading indicator and are also of a declining order. In terms of causality, both the indicators seem to be moving towards a coincident relationship rather than a leading one with the business cycle. Only the BER business confidence indicator displays comparable cyclical turning point attributes.

The survival of the library inventories and the decoration programme, together with a study of the various relations between texts and images, have allowed a less straightforward process of pictorial invention to emerge. Seventeenth-century artists, Emanuele Filiberto, Ber?, and Legnani, each brought their own interests and expertise to its realisation, and all three men took inspiration from both textual and visual sources. Ber?'s programme is important because the connections between pictorial details and Legnani's own books appear to speak against reference books. Some degree of collaborative authorship is true for all artistic creation. The Apotheosis of Hercules at Palazzo Carignano has brought to the fore to what degree the realisation of such a work of art and its pictorial invention could be the result of collaborative authorship of the patron, adviser, and artist. Keywords:Ber?; collaborative authorship; Filiberto; Legnani; Palazzo Carignano; pictorial invention; seventeenth-century; Italy

Blepolenis R��ber, 1906 Fig. 1���2 Redescription. HEAD: nearly as wide as thorax; eyes glabrous, outlined with off-white scales; antenna red-brown, narrowly clubbed; labial palp approximately one-third longer than head, pale yellow with a broad brown ventral line. THORAX: coated dorsally with orange (batea, catharinae) or yellow (bassus) flat and piliform scales that match the color of the wing base; ventrally, both thoracic and leg scale cover are dark brown mixed with pale yellow (batea, catharinae) or pale yellow only (bassus), also matching predominant ventral wing colors. Mid and hind leg femur and tibia with numerous spines on the outer-lateral surface (small on femur, large on tibia; referred to as ���dorsal spines��� in Penz 2007), one pair of apical tibial spurs present on mid and hind legs. Wing shape uniform between males and females; forewing triangular-shaped, distal margin straight or only slightly concave; hind wing oval-shaped, margins slightly scalloped. Dorsally, wings orange (batea, catharinae) or yellow (bassus) from basal to medial area, postmedial to marginal areas dark brown (broader in batea and catharinae than bassus) with faint or distinct pale yellow markings along wing margins; wing orange/yellow areas usually allow visualization of ventral pattern, especially on the hind wing; three large forewing white subapical spots (usually small in Opsiphanes), small additional subapical spots often present. Ventrally, forewing discal cell markings clearly defined, submedial/ medial areas solid yellow below the forewing discal cell, broad brown forewing postmedial band extended from anterior eyespots to posterior region of the wing ��� unique to this genus among all Brassolini, submarginal lines thin and wavy. The two ventral hind wing eyespots are bordered on each side by light-colored bars (wider and more visible in bassus than in batea and catharinae). Wing pattern elements as defined by Nijhout (1991) are identified in a separate section below. Venation: forewing R 4 -R 5 fork deep; forewing crossveins m 1 -m 2 and m 2 -m 3 somewhat aligned, producing a truncate aspect to the distal end of the discal cell; forewing Cu 1 originates close to Cu 2 than to M 3. Androconial organs: ventral forewing androconial scales above 1 A+ 2 A present (batea) or absent (bassus, catharinae); dorsal hind wing discal cell hair pencil and pad of androconial scales adjacent to Cu 2 present (batea) or absent (catharinae, bassus), anal male hair pencil present (batea, catharinae) or absent (bassus). ABDOMEN: coated dorsally with orange (batea, catharinae) or yellow (bassus) flat and piliform scales, ventral scale cover dark brown mixed with pale yellow (batea, catharinae) or pale yellow only (bassus), both dorsal and ventral abdomen colors match colors of the wings. Abdominal androconial organ present on pleural membrane and above the spiracle of segment 4, large (occupying the entire length of segment 4) and oval-shaped, surrounded by an area of bare cuticle, scales of androconial organ broad, pale orange-yellow, oily in appearance. Male genitalia: tegumen large and domed; uncus evenly curved; gnathos paired, large, hook-shaped, with membranous articulation to tegumen; saccus almost as long as valva, cylindrical and narrowly constricted anteriorly; valva long, basally broad but narrowing distally to form a rounded tip, dorsal margin concave with a cluster of dorso-distal spines that vary in shape and size within and between species; phallus long and cylindrical, without basal coecum, tapered distal tip. Female genitalia: sterigma broader than long, delicate; posterior section (lamella postvaginalis) well-developed, smooth, and with prominent central lobe; anterior section (lamella antevaginalis) with two very thin arms curving inward that do not meet centrally but are, instead, separated by a membranous area; lateral section thin, extended dorsally to edge of tergum 8; ductus bursae long, distally narrow (batea, bassus) or broad (catharinae), corpus bursae ovalshaped; signa parallel, shorter than corpus bursae, and composed of small spines; posterior edge of papillae anales curved, covered with setae of approximately even length. Comparison to Opsiphanes. R��ber (1906) listed eleven characters in his original description of Blepolenis. The original German terminology for venation is given in Fig. 5 A, and the Comstock-Needham system is used in Fig. 5 B. These characters consist of: (1) forewing discal cell broader than in Opsiphanes; (2) Costalis completely independent (���free-running���); (3) first Subcostalis branched at a larger distance from the end of the cell than in Opsiphanes; (4) upper (vordere) Discocellularis longer than in Opsiphanes; (5) mid (mittlere) Discocellularis completely straight, in the same direction with lower Discocellularis; (6) the latter interrupted in the center by a spur (weaker spur in Opsiphanes); (7) origin of the mid Median at shorter distance of the upper Median than in Opsiphanes; (8) pre-costal cell larger than Opsiphanes; (9) lower (hintere) Discocellularis dividing the hind wing cell atrophied; (10) palpus slimmer than Opsiphanes; (11) body less robust than Opsiphanes. We examined these characters for all species and multiple specimens of Blepolenis, and compared them to Opsiphanes quiteria (also examined by R��ber 1906), O. sallei Doubleday, 1849 (type species of Opsiphanes), O. cassina C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862, O. invirae, O. tamarindi, O. boisduvallii Doubleday, 1849 and O. cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Appendix 1). R��ber���s character (2) is not informative, given that the costalis (costal vein) is independent in all brassolines. Three characters are incorrect (compare diagrams in Fig. 5): character (6), a spur is not present in the lower Discocellularis (crossvein m 2 -m 3) of either Blepolenis or Opsiphanes, a corresponding fold on the wing membrane might have misled R��ber; character (7) appears to have been written incorrectly given that in Blepolenis the mid Median (Cu 1) originates close to the lower Median (Cu 2), and not the upper Median (M 3); finally, the hind wing lower Discocellularis (m 2 -m 3) is not atrophied in Blepolenis or any other brassoline, contradicting character (9). Five characters vary continuously within and between species of Blepolenis and Opsiphanes, and appear to be correlated with body size (3, 4, 8, 10, and 11). For example, although the body of B. bassus is delicate, that of B. batea and B. catharinae are comparable to Opsiphanes of similar wing size (character 11). Characters (1) and (5) refer to the forewing discal cell which indeed seems slightly broader and generally more truncated distally in Blepolenis than Opsiphanes species. Finally, R��ber (1906) overlooked the fact that R 4 -R 5 fork is deeper in Blepolenis than Opsiphanes., Published as part of Penz, Carla M., Mohammadi, Neda & Wahlberg, Niklas, 2011, Neotropical Blepolenis butterflies: wing pattern elements, phylogeny, and Pleistocene diversification (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae), pp. 1-17 in Zootaxa 2897 on pages 4-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.205026, {"references":["Rober, J. K. M. (1906) Neue Brassoliden. Societas entomologica, 21 (3), 18 - 21.","Penz, C. M. (2007) Evaluating the monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of Brassolini genera (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Systematic Entomology, 32, 668 - 689.","Nijhout, H. F. (1991) The Development and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C."]}

The work is related to the use of error correction coding and adaptive equalization as an aid to Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) in order to improve bit error rate(BER)s of received signals in wireless channels with fading characteristics. Several modulation schemes are used in the transmission in Gaussian, multipath Rayleigh and Rician fading channels. The work adopts a few error correction codes and Least Mean Square (LMS) adaptive filter blocks as part of a MRC set-up and is tested under SNR variation between −10 to 10 dB in Gaussian and multipath slow fading channels. The results generated justify the use of the coding and adaptive equalizer block as an aid to the MRC setup.

ISSN 1948-6596 news and update commentary Diversity and uniformity of island floras Studies of the ecological, evolutionary and bio- geographic patterns of island organisms have played an enormous role in concept shaping and theory forming in ecology, evolutionary science and biogeography. Numerous observations and descriptions of strange island beings, stunning evolutionary radiations and robust empirical for- mulae (e. g. on species–area relations) led to the insightful and influential syntheses of Mayr, Pre- ston, Carlquist, Williams, MacArthur and Wilson and others. Such works have been seminal for thousands of descriptive, explorative, hypothesis- driven and even experimental papers on island peculiarities, island evolution, interaction webs, and dispersion and distribution of species. Excel- lent reviews and textbooks on these subjects have been published with focus on each of these ap- proaches; today island ecology, evolution and bio- geography are a very vital and diverse part of ecology. The special issue “Comparative ecological research on oceanic islands”, edited by Christoph Kueffer and Jose-Maria Fernandez-Palacios in Per- spectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Sys- tematics (Vol. 12 iss. 2, April 2010), follows the tradition of tackling the subject from a focussed viewpoint. This time the focus is on island floras, and for once the scale is genuinely macroecologi- cal. All the papers involve as many islands or archi- pelagos as possible and attempt to make truly comparative analyses between them – to recog- nize patterns, and in some cases even to suggest explanations for the revealed pattern. The papers demonstrate that island ecology has come a long way from when it was a matter of finding strange plants or animals on remote islands (e.g. dodos), or amazing pedigrees in archipelago lineages (e.g. finches), or odd organismal interactions (e.g. ma- rine iguanas), or gross species numbers (“the holy S”). The editorial prelude by Kueffer and Fernandez-Palacios (2010), is a good introduction that tunes the ear to the harmonies and dishar- monies of island floras, as performed for us in the five subsequent articles. The main tune is that there are many ecological and biogeographical island and archipelago data and analyses avail- able, but few attempts at global syntheses. So, they argue, we should push “towards a common research agenda among biogeographers and ecologists in oceanic island research”. I applaud that. I certainly also appreciate the minor-tuned finale: we should do it before it is too late! The first two papers are truly island bio- geographic papers, focusing on species diversities. Chiarucci et al. (2010) aim to compare the floras of six well-known oceanic archipelagos. They try to take the very important step from species rich- ness (“the holy S”) to other measures of diversity. I find particularly interesting how they tackle beta diversity – so as to extract much more information from the species occurrence matrix than classic analyses of relations between island species num- ber (S) and area, or isolation, or altitude. Their approach is to make additive partitions between the alpha, beta and gamma diversities. This is a step forward but no leap: in their calculations they actually only apply total diversity for the entire archipelago (gamma), the mean S of the islands (alpha) and the difference between S max (the S of the richest island) and S i . In the species occur- rence matrix there is a wealth of information on beta diversity in the number of common species for each pair of islands; this information is not in- corporated in their approach. Whether step or leap, I find their paper stimulating and I am con- vinced that the last word on beta diversity in ar- chipelagos has not yet been uttered. Dominguez Lozano et al. (2010) compare the Canarian and Hawaiian archipelagos. Their comparisons concern both the entire floras and the floral composition of prominent habitat types. They consider taxonomic evenness, expressed as an index of the distribution the species within families and genera, and phylogenetic diversity (average taxonomic distinctness and the variance of the taxonomic distinctness). The authors con- vincingly show differences between the archipela- © 2010 the authors; journal compilation © 2010 The International Biogeography Society — frontiers of biogeography 2.3, 2010

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) together called MIMO-OFDM has emerged as the viable alterative to meet the demands of greater bandwidth and quality of service of the ever expanding mobile communication networks. For MIMO-OFDM systems channel estimation is one of the challenging issues. Statistical characteristics of wireless channels is partially covered by the Rayleigh distribution. It best represents the condition where there are secondary reflections due to high rise structures are always threatening to degrade communication quality. An ANN can be used to provide an estimate of the channel to minimize some of the deficiencies of multi-user transmission under Rayleigh multipath fading. The ANN can be trained to tackle such fading and associated disturbance and improve reception of MIMO-OFDM systems by providing superior Bit Error Rate (BER)s.