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Drawing on 17 months of ethnographic fieldwork in the Netherlands and Ghana, this paper combines 'return' mobilities literature and youth studies to analyse the role of leisure practices during 'homeland' visits in transnational youth's way of relating to Ghana when they are entering into adulthood. Using the notion of mobility trajectories, the paper shows that leisure practices facilitate young people's ability to establish and renew intimate transnational relationships with diasporic friends, and Ghana-based same-generation relatives and romantic partners. Differing from earlier stays in Ghana, young people expressed their emerging sense of independence by exploring alternative sides of the country with these peers, based on common interests and belonging to the same life-cycle cohort. The findings add complexity to the notion of the 'homeland' as a monolithic place of reconnecting with family and roots by drawing attention to the intersection between young people's pathways to adulthood and transnational mobility.

The current approach to “aging well” emphasizes the importance of active leisure participation in late adulthood. This relates to the view that leisure activities enable older adults to stay physically, mentally, and socially active, and they thereby contribute to wellbeing. In spring 2020, leisure activity engagement was significantly hampered by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores leisure-related experiences and adaptation strategies among Finnish older adults during the period of strict physical distancing. The data comprises letters (N = 77) written by Finnish people (aged 70–93) that were analyzed using content analysis. The study suggests that the reorganization of leisure was particularly influenced by the social significance of leisure activities, the age identities of the participants, and the prevailing ideals of active aging. The paper introduces three strategies of leisure adjustment: building new routines, maintaining activeness, and enjoying slow leisure. The article highlights the importance of investing in older adults’ leisure participation in the aftercare of the pandemic. The current approach to “aging well” emphasizes the importance of active leisure participation in late adulthood. This relates to the view that leisure activities en- able older adults to stay physically, mentally, and socially active, and they thereby contribute to wellbeing. In spring 2020, leisure activity engagement was significantly hampered by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores leisure-related experiences and adaptation strategies among Finnish older adults during the period of strict physical distancing. The data comprises letters (N = 77) written by Finnish people (aged 70–93) that were analyzed using content analysis. The study suggests that the reorganization of leisure was particularly influenced by the social significance of leisure activities, the age identities of the participants, and the prevailing ideals of active aging. The paper introduces three strategies of leisure adjustment:building new routines, maintaining activeness, and enjoying slow leisure. The article highlights the importance of investing in older adults’ leisure participation in the aftercare of the pandemic.

White paper: Accelerating the adoption of the circular economy in the tourism and leisure sector: the 3-M Framework as the foundation of circular entrepreneurship The white paper proposed several recommendations that could be considered by tourism entrepreneurs to accelerate their adoption of circular economy solutions.The white paper proposed several recommendations that could be considered by tourism entrepreneurs to accelerate their adoption of circular economy solutions. Firstly, the white paper suggested that the entrepreneurs need to establish their own take on the meanings and purpose of being circular. This is essential in motivating their willingness to adopt circular solutions. Entrepreneurs’ meaning was associated with the entrepreneurs’ knowledge and concern with global challenges and their understanding of the many benefits that circular economy solutions can generate, both for the business, destination and for the global community. Yet, while it is the role of public sector led planning stakeholders to develop and promote awareness programmes, tourism entrepreneurs can still adopt actions that improve their understanding of challenges and the role of the circular economy. These actions were associated with the entrepreneurs’ effort to master their skills for a circular economy, such as by improving their understanding of the environmental footprint of their business operations, what circular economy solutions can be implemented, their benefits, and how they can be successfully managed. Moreover, it was deemed relevant – to the successful implementation and management of circular economy solutions - for the entrepreneurs to identify and prioritise sustainable promotional channels. Moreover, where necessary, it was highlighted the need to appoint a circular economy manager or extend responsibilities of existing staff, find and access alternative financing options, and support awareness campaigns on the circular economy within the organisation and the destination community. The white paper concluded by suggesting the importance for entrepreneurs to be part of innovative networks and communities which would allow them to gain and share knowledge and implement and manage circular economy solutions at the destination level. Therefore, working together is crucial for a successful circular economy in destinations. This white paper is the last of a series of three white papers published by the 2Seas Interreg project FACET. A First white paper provided recommendations to local authorities on how to support tourism entrepreneurs, and especially SMEs, in the implementation of circular solutions, and a second white paper, mainly targeted towards tourism SMEs presented reward-based crowdfunding as one of the available financing options to fund the implementation of a circular economy in tourist destinations.

Using GPS data gathered from 2019 to 2022, this paper analyzes the effect Covid-19 and Work from Home (WFH) had on consumption decisions, specifically in relation to golfing activity. Integrating thousands of geospatial polygons with vehicular and mobile GPS data, this paper finds strong growth in golfing throughout Covid-19 and subsequently after. Similarly, the temporal and daily distribution of golfing trips underwent significant changes, exhibiting growth midweek and midday. To contextualize these trends against WFH, I conducted a regression over a fixed panel of golfers active from 2019 to 2021 to identify the effect income and remote job postings had on golfing growth. Based on the evidence presented in this paper, I find WFH to be the likely culprit behind the growth in golfing and the change in weekly and daily patterns.

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the process of politicization and militarization of children’s leisure in Soviet Ukraine in 1929–1939. The content of the transformation of traditional and creation of new forms of children’s leisure is revealed. The key concepts of ideological substantiation of the need to maximally fill the child’s free time with political and educational practices are identified. The evolution of the new tradition of club leisure and its filling with political content is analyzed. Forms of political and educational work with children in their free time have been reconstructed. The methods of involving children in the political campaigns of the Soviet government by filling the discourse of children’s leisure with the political and militaristic rhetoric are described. The mechanisms of introduction of the state control over such kinds of children’s leisure as reading, thanks to the formation of new children’s literature and creation of the system of propaganda of new work are investigated. It shows how a network of libraries was built into this system, which was tasked with organizing the work of forming a new mass reader. The process of involving children in the culture of the new Bolshevik holidays and its connection with the main tasks of the government in the field of education of conscious and loyal citizens is demonstrated. During the second half of the 1930s, at the initiative of the Ukrainian Soviet leadership, the Christmas tree was restored and transformed, which was filled with new ideological content and used to promote Bolshevik’s achievements and demon- strate the Communist Party’s concern for young citizens. The influence of the political situation on the development of the game sphere of children’s leisure is highlighted, and the power of the process of its militarization on the eve of the Second World War is emphasized. This applied to both mobile children’s games and board games, which were made according to the party’s tasks with an ideological load and included political games and military-themed games. Children’s toys were also modernized, including Christmas tree decorations and toys related to military equipment, military and political events, collective farm construction, and Soviet symbols were added to the traditional toy theme., У статті проаналізовано особливості процесу політизації та мілітаризації сфери дитячого дозвілля в радянській Україні 1929–1939 рр. Розкрито зміст трансформації традиційних та ство- рення нових форм дитячого дозвілля. Визначено ключові концепти ідеологічного обґрунтування не- обхідності максимально наповнити вільний час дитини політично-виховними практиками. Проана- лізовано еволюцію нової традиції клубного дозвілля та наповнення її політичним змістом. Реконструйовано форми політично-освітньої роботи з дітьми у вільний від навчання час. Надано характеристику методів залучення дітей до політичних кампаній радянської влади за допомогою наповнення дискурсу дитячого дозвілля політичною та мілітаристською риторикою. Досліджено механізми впровадження державного контролю над таким різновидом дитячого дозвілля, як читання, завдяки формуванню нової дитячої літератури та створенню системи пропаганди нових творів. Продемонстровано процес залучення дітей до культури нових більшовицьких свят і його зв’язок з основними завданнями влади у галузі виховання свідомих та відданих громадян. Висвітлено вплив політичної кон’юнктури на розвиток ігрової сфери дитячого дозвілля, підкреслено потуж- ність процесу її мілітаризації напередодні Другої світової війни.

Nowadays the topic of children’s daily practices is attracting more and more researchers. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected those practices on an unprecedented scale. It has changed approaches to learning, children’s interaction with the environment, and relationships with adults and peers. The measures developed by governments to prevent the spread of the disease have created new challenges not only for the economy, business, or education but also for socialization. The article discusses some of the findings of the study on Ukrainian children “The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s everyday practices.”In this study, we combined both qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate the impact of forced social constraints on the self-organization of leisure and friendship.We discovered that among the most common ways to organize leisure for Ukrainian children aged 9–16 there are not only computer games, online communication, and movies, but also reading, drawing, sports, and other various hobbies.We also found out that children’s digital interests depend on their age. The youngest (9–11 y.o.), when restricted from physical playing with peers, tend to play digital games and communicate in small chats of 2–3 persons. Children from the middle group (aged 12–14) are more likely to make video calls, as well as spend creative time on their favorite digital games. Older children spend much more time in big group chats and social networks, and they do produce original content.The main finding of that part of the research is that for children aged 9–16 live communication with friends is of great value and, in their opinion, it could not be replaced with online communication. Most Ukrainian children during COVID-19 lockdowns longed for live communication with friends, whether on the streets playing games, at school on breaks, or going out to cafes, etc. with friends., У статті розглянуто деякі результати дослідження «Вплив пандемії COVID-19 на щоденні практики дитинства». Пандемія COVID-19 та заходи безпеки, що їх вимушено вводили уряди різних країн для запобігання поширенню хвороби, створили нові виклики не лише для економіки, бізнесу чи освіти, а й для соціалізації. Щоб з’ясувати вплив вимушених соціальних обмежень на самоорганізацію дозвілля та дружби українських дітей, було поєднано якісні та кількісні методи дослідження. Виявлено, що найпоширенішими способами організації дозвілля дітей 9–16 років є не лише комп’ютерні ігри, онлайн-спілкування та перегляд фільмів, а й читання, малювання, спорт та ін. Основний висновок полягає в тому, що для дітей 9–16 років живе спілкування з друзями є дуже цінним і, на їхню думку, його неможливо замінити онлайн-спілкуванням. Більшість українських дітей під час карантину через COVID-19 прагнули живого спілкування з друзями – чи то в іграх на вулиці, чи то на перервах у школі, чи то в кафе тощо.

White paper: Accelerating the adoption of the Circular Economy in the tourism and leisure sector: the 3-M Framework as the Foundation of Circular Entrepreneurship The white paper proposed several recommendations that could be considered by tourism entrepreneurs to accelerate their adoption of circular economy solutions. Firstly, the white paper suggested that the entrepreneurs need to establish their own take on the meanings and purpose of being circular. This is essential in motivating their willingness to adopt circular solutions. Entrepreneurs’ meaning was associated with the entrepreneurs’ knowledge and concern with global challenges and their understanding of the many benefits that circular economy solutions can generate, both for the business, destination and for the global community. Yet, while it is the role of public sector led planning stakeholders to develop and promote awareness programmes, tourism entrepreneurs can still adopt actions that improve their understanding of challenges and the role of the circular economy. These actions were associated with the entrepreneurs’ effort to master their skills for a circular economy, such as by improving their understanding of the environmental footprint of their business operations, what circular economy solutions can be implemented, their benefits, and how they can be successfully managed. Moreover, it was deemed relevant – to the successful implementation and management of circular economy solutions - for the entrepreneurs to identify and prioritise sustainable promotional channels. Moreover, where necessary, it was highlighted the need to appoint a circular economy manager or extend responsibilities of existing staff, find and access alternative financing options, and support awareness campaigns on the circular economy within the organisation and the destination community. The white paper concluded by suggesting the importance for entrepreneurs to be part of innovative networks and communities which would allow them to gain and share knowledge and implement and manage circular economy solutions at the destination level. Therefore, working together is crucial for a successful circular economy in destinations. This white paper is the last of a series of three white papers published by the 2Seas Interreg project FACET. A First white paper provided recommendations to local authorities on how to support tourism entrepreneurs, and especially SMEs, in the implementation of circular solutions, and a second white paper, mainly targeted towards tourism SMEs presented reward-based crowdfunding as one of the available financing options to fund the implementation of a circular economy in tourist destinations.

Tema je doktorskog rada kultura putovanja u filmskom stvaralaštvu američkoga redatelja i scenarista austrijsko-židovskoga podrijetla Billyja Wildera (1906-2002). U radu se Wilderovi filmovi analiziraju s obzirom na fenomen kulture putovanja, suvremene paradigme u društvenim i humanističkim znanostima koja obuhvaća sve vrste socijalne mobilnosti, kao i šire društvene implikacije tih pokreta. Rad se bavi poveznicom filma i putovanja, odnosno načinima sudjelovanja filmskog medija u tom području. Na primjeru filmova Billyja Wildera istražuju se ustaljene i organizirane prakse putovanja i elementi dokoličarske kulture i turizma te aspekti socijalne mobilnosti i pokretljivosti Wilderovih filmskih junaka. Istražujući načine sudjelovanja filmskog medija u području koje se uvriježeno naziva kulturom putovanja, rad polazi od teze da se filmsko stvaralaštvo Billyja Wildera može promatrati u odnosu na kulturu putovanja zbog čestih tematskih i motivskih odrednica vezanih uz putničke prakse, socijalnu mobilnost i pokretljivost na što se nadovezuju znakovi kapitalističke kulture koji se daju iščitati u Wilderovim filmovima. Putovanje se u radu razmatra s obzirom na znakove kapitalističke kulture prisutne u analiziranim filmovima što uključuje odnos rada i dokolice i potrošnju karakterističnu za kapitalističku proizvodnju mjesta i poželjnih identiteta te utjecaj dominantne tržišne ideologije na slobodno vrijeme pojedinca. The subject of the doctoral thesis is travel culture in filmmaking of American director and screenwriter of Austrian-Jewish origin Billy Wilder (1906-2002). This paper gives an analysis of the selected Wilder's movies in the relation to travel culture or mobilities as contemporary paradigm in the humanities and social sciences that explores the movement of people, ideas and things, as well as the broader social implications of those movements. This paper deals with the link between filmmaking and the established and organized practices of traveling, giving an insight into the Billy Wilder’s movies and how film media participates in this area. The main part of the paper explores the travel culture practices and the elements of leisure culture and tourism and examines the aspects of social mobility of Wilder's movie heroes. Components that can be also recognizable in Billy Wilder’s movies are signs of consumer culture and capitalist ideology. Therefore, travel culture or mobilities in this work will be also considered and displayed in the relation to the capitalist ideology what includes signs of work and leisure, the gender division, consummation that is characteristic for capitalist production of place and desireable identities and impact of dominant ideology on the individual labour and leisure time.

The aim of this paper is to give a critic overview on the context of leisure, from defining to analysing contribution of leisure to developmental outcomes of children and youth, and to reach a conclusion based on comprehensive analysis. Leisure can be viewed as an important context that promotes the positive, healthy and normative developmental pathway of adolescents. On the other hand, leisure can represent a context that carries with it risk factors for youth involvement risk behaviours. LACE Model (Leisure Activity-Context-Experience Model) is a model focused on understanding adolescent development through leisure (Caldwell, 2005; Caldwell, 2011) and is presented in this paper in greater detail. Furthermore, this paper gives an overview of research studies linking quality of leisure with youth developmental outcomes. Evaluation research of interventions based on leisure did not provide unambiguous answers regarding their efficiency, therefore a need still exists for scientific studies to find answers on the conditions in which structured leisure time, i.e., interventions in the context of children’s and youth’s leisure, can lead to positive developmental outcomes., Svrha ovoga rada jest kritički se osvrnuti na kontekst slobodnoga vremena, od definiranja do analize doprinosa slobodnoga vremena razvojnim ishodima djece i mladih te donijeti zaključak na temelju cjelokupne analize. Slobodno se vrijeme može promatrati kao značajni kontekst koji promovira izgradnju pozitivne, zdrave i normativne razvojne putanje adolescenata. S druge strane, slobodno vrijeme može predstavljati i kontekst koji pogoduje uključivanju mladih u rizična ponašanja i/ili razvoju problema u ponašanju. LACE Model, odnosno model slobodnih aktivnostikonteksta- iskustva (engl. model Leisure Activity-Context-Experience), predstavlja model usmjeren na razumijevanja adolescentskoga razvoja kroz slobodno vrijeme (Caldwell, 2005; Caldwell, 2011) te je detaljnije predstavljen u radu. Isto tako, dan je pregled istraživanja koja povezuju kvalitetu slobodnoga vremena s razvojnim ishodima mladih. Evaluacijska istraživanja intervencija koje se temelje na slobodnom vremenu nisu dala jednoznačne odgovore o njihovoj učinkovitosti te ostaje potreba da se znanstvenim istraživanjima odgovori na pitanje pod kojim uvjetima strukturirano slobodno vrijeme, odnosno intervencije u kontekstu slobodnoga vremena djece i mladih, doprinose njihovim pozitivnim razvojnim ishodima.

The aim of this paper is to give a critic overview on the context of leisure, from defining to analysing contribution of leisure to developmental outcomes of children and youth, and to reach a conclusion based on comprehensive analysis. Leisure can be viewed as an important context that promotes the positive, healthy and normative developmental pathway of adolescents. On the other hand, leisure can represent a context that carries with it risk factors for youth involvement risk behaviours. LACE Model (Leisure Activity-Context- Experience Model) is a model focused on understanding adolescent development through leisure (Caldwell, 2005 ; Caldwell, 2011) and is presented in this paper in greater detail. Furthermore, this paper gives an overview of research studies linking quality of leisure with youth developmental outcomes. Evaluation research of interventions based on leisure did not provide unambiguous answers regarding their efficiency, therefore a need still exists for scientific studies to find answers on the conditions in which structured leisure time, i.e., interventions in the context of children’s and youth’s leisure, can lead to positive developmental outcomes.

Mediji su postali sveprisutan dio današnjice, a njihova uloga u slobodnom vremenu adolescenata postaje sve veća. Brojni istraživači uvidjeli su važnost medija, ali i njihov utjecaj na svakodnevni život mladih. Razna se istraživanja bave utjecajem medija, a ovaj se rad bavi problemom ovisnosti o medijima u slobodnom vremenu adolescenata. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi jesu li adolescenti ovisni o medijima u slobodnom vremenu. Istraživanje se provodilo putem online ankete koja je izrađena za potrebe ovog rada. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 161 ispitanika u dobi od 15 do 19 godina. Ispitanici su bili odabrani prigodnim uzorkom s područja grada Ogulina. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno kako adolescenti (42,9%) dnevno u prosjeku imaju od tri do pet sati slobodnog vremena, a od toga se medijima poput mobitela i Interneta preko 70% adolescenata koristi od tri do pet sati dnevno. Također, znaci ovisnosti o medijima utvrđeni su podacima da se 50,7% adolescenata slaže s tvrdnjom da ostaju online duže nego što su planirali te da zbog korištenja medija zanemaruju svoje svakodnevne obaveze (20,5%). The media have become a ubiquitous part of today, and their role in adolescents ’leisure time is growing. Numerous researchers have recognized the importance of the media, but also their impact on the daily lives of young people. Various researches deal with the influence of the media, and this paper deals with the problem of media dependence in adolescents' free time. The aim of the study was to determine whether adolescents are addicted on media in their spare time. The research was conducted through an online survey developed for the purposes of this paper. The study was conducted on a sample of 161 respondents aged 15 to 19 years. Respondents were selected by a suitable sample from the area of the town of Ogulin. The research found that adolescents (42.9%) have an average of three to five hours of free time a day, of which over 70% of adolescents use media such as mobile phones and the Internet for three to five hours a day. Also, signs of media addiction were found by data that 50.7% of adolescents agree with the statement that they stay online longer than planned and that they neglect their daily obligations due to the use of the media (20.5%).

Growth in the adventure sector has increased the demands on adventure sport professionals. Satisfying a diverse range of participatory motivations, however, requires an adaptable and flexible workforce. In this discursive paper, we suggested that a narrowing of service skills caused by commodification and sportification are compounded by general (mis)perceptions of who best suits the adventure sector. Accordingly, this paper discussed two important implications for outdoor professionals to improve inclusivity standards. Specifically, using mountain leadership as an exemplar, we firstly, presented themes in connection with motivations and social dynamics. Secondly, we contextualised these themes against pertinent environmental challenges. Finally, we presented a decision making approach and its requisite planning and reflective skill-sets, designed to assist mountaineering professionals to negotiate the complexity presented by individualised service provision. We concluded that there are no simple solutions to these complex and multiple issues. Services require better alignment between epistemology and delivery via an epistemological chain.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive tool to identify key components of leisure, thereby, examining the relationship between the prevalence of leisure (PLA) and psychological wellbeing (PWB); and its overall effect on the quality of life (QOL) of mothers of children with Autism-Spectrum-Disorder (ASD) with the demanding care of the child with autism. Design/Methodology/Approach: A cross-sectional design with interpretivism and an inductive approach a sample of 140 mothers of children with ASD, in India was used to develop this instrument. Structural equation modeling (SEM), partial least squares structural equation modelling (PL-SEM), and chi-square were used to analyze the scale items. Research data was interpreted by exploratory factor analysis and Confirmative factor analysis. Reliability was explored through split-half and internal consistency estimation using Cronbach's alpha. Finding/Result: The comprehensive outcome of quality of life (QOL) is measured as the result of engaging in the leisure of individual choice for self-replenishment, social connectedness, and happiness in life despite the demanding care of the child with autism. The overall unidimensional reliability with Cronbach’s alpha value of the scale is 0.656 having reasonably strong reliability. The construct-wise reliability demonstrated between 0.654 and 0.840 showing a high-reliability level. The validity of the instrument was established by face, content, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity tests. Most importantly the measurement model of the LsPQM-12 instrument has shown 0.935 CFI, 0.097 RMSEA, and 0.053 SRMR. Originality/Value: Leisure-specific quality of life of mothers of children with ASD as an outcome of acknowledgment of prevalence of leisure as well as the absence of leisure made possible by the development of this instrument. Thereby integrating daily leisure of short duration despite the demanding care of the child, towards the psychological wellbeing of the mother was the sequel of this study. Appraisal of time of mother’s leisure schedules in parallel with the child’s therapeutic interventions to raise overall QOL is the objective of the study. Paper Type: Case study-based analysis.

Kao ustanova koja provodi organizirani odgoj i obrazovanje, škola ima zadatak ponuditi djeci i mladima sadržaje kojima bi kvalitetno i korisno ispunili svoje slobodno vrijeme. Upravo iz tog razloga, škole organiziraju izvannastavne aktivnosti koje se planiraju školskim kurikulumom i to za svaku školsku godinu. Izvannastavne aktivnosti organizira, osmišlja te provodi učitelj ili voditelj izvannastavnih aktivnosti, a učenici se dobrovoljno priključuju te imaju pravo odabrati bilo koju aktivnost ovisno o svojim željama i potrebama. Izvannastavne aktivnosti imaju kulturnoumjetničko, sportsko, tehničko, rekreacijsko i znanstveno (obrazovno) obilježje pa kroz njih učenici zadovoljavaju svoje stvaralačke i rekreativne potrebe te stječu kulturu korištenja slobodnog vremena. Izvannastavne aktivnosti su vrlo bitan faktor za budućnost kako svake odgojnoobrazovne ustanove, tako i za svakog pojedinca unutar nje, ponajprije učenika. U ovom radu provedena je analiza internetskih stranica škola te školskih kurikuluma te istraženo koliko su zastupljene izvannastavne aktivnosti u osnovnim školama Zadarske i Ličko-senjske županije. School is an institution which deals with organized upbringing and education and one of its main tasks is offering children and young people various useful activities that could fill their free time. Precisely for this reason schools organize extracurricular activities that are planned out within the school curriculum for each school year. Such activities are contrived, organized and carried out by a teacher or a leader of extracurricular activities, whilst students join voluntarily, having the right to choose any activity depending on their wishes and needs. Extracurricular activities may vary according to their characteristics - cultural, artistic, sports, technical, recreational and scientific (educational) – which makes it possible for students to satisfy their creative and recreational needs as well understand the concept of leisure. Extracurricular activities are a very important factor for the future of all educational institutions, as well as for every individual inside, primarily the students. Through an analysis of school’s websites and curricula, this paper researches the extent to which extracurricular activities are represented in elementary schools of Zadar County and Lika-Senj County.

Que fait l’âge, et en particulier le grand âge, au jeu vidéo ? A partir d’une enquête mobilisant l’observation de trente ateliers d’initiation au jeu vidéo pour les seniors, et d’entretiens avec seize personnes de plus de soixante ans qui jouent chez elles, cet article étudie les pratiques vidéoludiques des plus âgé·es et les représentations des « seniors gamers » sous l’angle de l’apprentissage. Le jeu vidéo constitue pour les individus âgés un espace de négociation avec le vieillissement, qui pèse matériellement et discursivement sur les pratiques vidéoludiques. Le processus d’apprentissage met en évidence trois dimensions spécifiques du jeu vidéo des plus âgé·es : une temporalité longue mais discontinue, une incorporation tiraillée entre la discipline et le confort, et des sociabilités peu accessibles mais aussi peu désirées, trois éléments qui contribuent à faire du jeu vidéo chez les plus âgé·es une pratique invisible. What does age, specifically old age, do to video games? This paper examines the practices and representations of older video game players through the lens of learning. It draws on the ethnographic study of thirty video game workshops for seniors in nursing homes as well as interviews with sixteen older adults who play on their own. For ageing individuals‚ video game play constitutes an opportunity to manage their experience of old age‚ a stage in the life course that shapes the material and discursive dimensions of video game play. The learning process through which older adults domesticate video games has three characteristics: it is a lengthy and discontinuous process‚ it is embodied in ways that evoke comfort but also discipline‚ and it relies on sociabilities that are both inaccessible and unwanted. These features tend to suppress and hide older adults’ play‚ making it invisible.

Le tricot est un domaine de loisirs particulièrement touché par un renouveau associé à la numérisation de la pratique. Celle-ci passe par l’accès à de nouvelles ressources matérielles, informationnelles et communicationnelles ou sociales, via les plateformes et les réseaux sociaux). Cet article s'appuie sur l’analyse d’une trentaine d’entretiens menés en 2020 avec des utilisatrices de la plateforme Ravelry.com portant sur leur pratique du tricot et autres travaux d’aiguille (crochet, couture, etc.). Dans la lignée de travaux précédents (Berry, 2012 ; Le Deuff, 2011), nous souhaitons ici apporter une contribution à la compréhension de ce que le numérique change aux constats portés sur l’apprentissage comme forme de participation sociale (Lave & Wenger, 1991), en mobilisant l’éclairage original d’une lecture en termes d’usages sociaux des pratiques de loisir (Mauger & Poliak, 1998). Nous resituons d’abord la part que prennent pour nos enquêtées les ressources numériques dans un processus d’apprentissage plus large, inscrit la plupart du temps au sein de sociabilités familiales. Puis nous cherchons à identifier ce que changent les outils numériques au constat porté par Lave et Wenger concernant les dynamiques sociales des processus d’apprentissage. Nous montrons notamment que ceux-ci abaissent à la fois les coûts sociaux d’entrée dans des instances dédiées à la transmission de savoir ou à la pratique – et multiplient dans le même temps les opportunités sociales pour celles qui souhaitent s’y engager de façon plus importante. Enfin, nous mettons non seulement en avant la place centrale qu’occupe l’apprentissage dans l’engagement dans la pratique de nos enquêtées, mais aussi les différents usages sociaux qui lui sont associés. Knitting is particularly affected by a renewal associated with the digitalization of leisure practices. It involves the access to new material, informational and communicational or social resources, via platforms and social networks). This paper is built on the analysis of about thirty interviews conducted in 2020 with users of the Ravelry.com platform about their practice of knitting and other needlework (crochet, sewing, etc.). In line with previous work (Berry, 2012; Le Deuff, 2011), we wish to contribute to the understanding of what digital technology changes to the theory on learning as a form of social participation (Lave & Wenger, 1991), by mobilizing the original perspective of a reading in terms of social uses of leisure practices (Mauger & Poliak, 1998). First, we situate the role that digital resources play for our respondents in a broader learning process, usually embedded in family sociability. Then we try to identify the extent to which digital tools change the observation made by Lave and Wenger concerning the social dynamics of learning processes. In particular, we show that they lower both the social costs of entry into instances dedicated to the transmission of knowledge or to practice - whilst at the same time multiplying the social opportunities for those who are willing to engage in them in a more significant way. Finally, we highlight not only the centrality of learning to our respondents' engagement in practice, but also the different social uses that are associated with it.

Responsable de la mise en œuvre de l’open data des décisions de justice, la Cour de Cassation développe, depuis 2018, un algorithme d’intelligence artificielle de pseudonymisation automatique de la jurisprudence. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique, cet article rend compte des modalités spécifiques d’articulation du travail des technicien·nes, annotateur·trices et juristes impliqués dans la mise en œuvre de ce projet. L’analyse des activités de catégorisation sous-tendant le fonctionnement de l’IA, alliant opérations théoriques de définition du cadre catégoriel et pratiques empiriques de codage, met en évidence l’importance des choix qui contribuent à donner corps à des outils pourtant considérés comme autonomes, neutres et objectifs. Since 2018, the French Court of Cassation (Cour de Cassation), the institution in charge of giving public access to case law, has been developing an AI algorithm for the automatic anonymization of this data. Based on an ethnographic investigation, this paper documents the articulation of the work conducted by technicians, annotators and legal experts involved in this process. It analyzes the operations of categorization underlying this project, operations which consist both in the abstract determination of the categorial frame, and in the empirical coding practices. It thus shows the importance of the choices that shape algorithmic tools, often considered autonomous, neutral and unbiased.

The 2022 Association for Tourism and Leisure Education and Research (ATLAS) Annual Conference took place on the Munster Technological University campus in Cork, Ireland, 6th – 9th September 2022. The theme of the conference ‘What matters now to the global tourist?’ raised pertinent questions about the challenges facing the tourism and leisure industries and education since the onset of the global pandemic. This review focuses on a series of papers from the Events Special Interest Group which covered themes such as solidarity, community, festivals, placemaking and digitisation. The research activities conducted for this publication were funded by the Irish Research Council.

BACKGROUND: Participation in activities of daily living (ADL), education, leisure and play in children living with cerebral palsy (CP) may be affected by various factors, as outlined in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework (ICF). The aim of this study was to describe the participation patterns of a group of these children OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe participation patterns in ADL, education, leisure and play activities of children living with CP in Modimolle METHOD: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative (EDQ) study design was used. A researcher-constructed bio-demographic data sheet and a semi-structured interview schedule were used to collect data from the primary caregivers of children (5-17 years) living with CP in Modimolle. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, translated from Sepedi to English and analysed using the content analysis approach and NVivo software RESULTS: The findings of this study indicated that children living with CP in Modimolle require set-up and assistance to participate in various ADL such as self-care, family and community activities. They also participate in formal and informal educational programmes as well as active and passive leisure and play activities. However, at the moment, they have limited opportunities to participate because of resource constraints and inaccessible infrastructure CONCLUSION: Although children with CP in Modimolle perform some ADL, and participate in educational, leisure and play activities, they are not fully integrated into their community. Legislative support and policy implementation are required to improve participation and integration of children living with CP. Further studies on community-specific integrative strategies to enhance participation among children living with disabilities are recommended CONTRIBUTION: This paper provides valuable information on the participation patterns of children with CP living in a rural area of South Africa. The findings can assist with development and implementation of community-specific, integrative health and social care strategies to enhance participation among children living with disabilities

Leisure has a rich social, psychological and educational potential. Choral singing is one of the most common organized musical leisure activities, which is, according to numerous studies, in addition to the obvious primary musical function, unattributed to various psychological, therapeutic, educational and other benefits. This paper presents the results of research aimed at determining the relationship between quality leisure time spent participating in choir activities, determinants and dimensions of subjective and psychological well-being and elements characteristic of the sense of life satisfaction (global and situational). The aim of the research was to determine the level of the subjective feeling of life satisfaction of choir singers, to point out possible benefits arising from active and organized music engagement in choirs and to check whether there is a connection between these activities and the subjective sense of life satisfaction in active singers of different ages, genders, and professional or amateur groups. The results indicate that choir singers show a relatively high level of life satisfaction and that there are certain differences in relation to their age, gender and status, but not in relation to the duration of their participation in the activity., Slobodno vrijeme ima bogat društveni, psihološki i odgojni potencijal. Zborsko je pjevanje jedna od najčešćih organiziranih glazbenih aktivnosti slobodnog vremena kojem se, prema brojnim istraživanjima, pripisuju različite psihološke, terapijske, odgojne i druge dobrobiti. Rad donosi rezultate istraživanja koje je bilo usmjereno na utvrđivanje povezanosti između kvalitetnog provođenja slobodnog vremena u okviru aktivnog sudjelovanja u pjevačkim zborovima i odrednica subjektivne i psihološke dobrobiti te elemenata karakterističnih za osjećaj životnog zadovoljstva (globalnog i situacijskog). Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi razinu subjektivnog osjećaja životnog zadovoljstva zborskih pjevača, ukazati na moguće dobrobiti koje proizlaze iz aktivnog i organiziranog bavljenja glazbom u okviru pjevačkih zborova te provjeriti postoji li povezanost između tih aktivnosti i subjektivnog osjećaja zadovoljstva životom kod aktivnih pjevača različitih dobnih, spolnih i profesionalnih, odnosno amaterskih skupina. Rezultati su pokazali da zborski pjevači pokazuju relativno visoku razinu osjećaja životnog zadovoljstva te da postoje razlike u odnosu na dob, spol i status pjevača, no ne i u odnosu na trajanje sudjelovanja u aktivnosti.

[ES] El proyecto se desarrolla en el municipio de Xixona, Alicante, concretamente en la parte alta de su casco antiguo, entre la torre Grossa y el mirador. La zona es característica por sus estrechas calles y edificaciones sobre la ladera. Tras vivir el auge urbanístico de la ciudad, hacia terrenos más llanos, ha experimentado las desventajas del transcurso del tiempo ininterrumpido, agravando el estado de las edificaciones, sin intervenciones de mantenimiento. Frente a los diversos problemas existentes en el centro histórico de Xixona, el presente trabajo se enfoca en impulsar los tres aspectos que hasta el momento han repercutido significativamente impidiendo el potente crecimiento del casco antiguo: -REGENERACIÓN: El deterioro y el abandono de diversas edificaciones da una nefasta imagen del pueblo, no sólo para los visitantes, sino también para sus habitantes; creando sensaciones de inseguridad, poca salubridad y falta de atención y cuidados a sus vecinos. -ACCESIBILIDAD: Las pronunciadas pendientes y escaleras imposibilitan la accesibilidad de vehículos y fácil circulación del elevado número de personas de avanzada edad que continúan viviendo en esta zona. Sumándose la necesidad diaria de desplazarse para poder obtener servicios mínimos. -VISIBILIDAD: El desconocimiento que existe en la zona alta de Xixona para poder apreciar su atractivo paisajístico e histórico. Para poder disfrutar de espacios, recorridos y actividades en sus proximidades, es un fuerte punto de atracción ciudadana que podría incrementar la población actual. La focalización en estos puntos pretende conseguir que los visitantes puedan apreciar todas las posibilidades que tiene el casco histórico para albergar nueva vida, mostrarles la comunidad y la buena relación existente entre vecinos para desarrollar e implementar nuevas relaciones entre las personas de avanzada edad residentes del pueblo con las potenciales familias o jóvenes que quieran quedarse, ya sea temporalmente o indefinidamente. Volver a dar vida al pueblo y a la gente que vive en él. Las herramientas para alcanzar los objetivos se centran en la demolición de las infraestructuras en estado nefasto y la regeneración urbana. Tras el análisis del estado de las edificaciones y su posible potencial, se focaliza la regeneración en un punto. El centro de conexiones se libera de la trama másica del pueblo, creando un espacio central abierto alrededor del cual se implementan el resto de los programas. Las nuevas edificaciones se mimetizan perfectamente con el paisaje urbanístico de Xixona, albergando diferentes usos. El primer edificio recoge el programa residencial, enfocado a residentes temporales, indiferentemente de la duración de su estancia, condición o número de componentes. Para poder unificar las relaciones entre los nuevos residentes y vecinos, se crean los dos edificios restantes. Uno desarrolla las actividades de ocio más activas, con cafetería y zona de actuaciones, sala de juegos y gimnasio. Mientras que la última construcción se centra en las actividades de relajación y tranquilidad, una sala de meditación, de piscina y cobertizo con huerto urbano. El desarrollo de todas las actividades citadas pretende crear una unión entre los nuevos habitantes y residentes actuales para que puedan disfrutar del sentimiento de pertenencia a Xixona y desear establecerse., [EN] The project is developed in the municipality of Xixona, Alicante, specifically in the upper part of its old town, between the Torre Grossa and the viewpoint. The area is characteristic for its narrow streets and buildings on the hillside. After experiencing the city's urban boom, towards flatter terrain, it has experienced the disadvantages of uninterrupted time passing, aggravating the state of the buildings, without maintenance interventions. Faced with the various existing problems in the historic center of Xixona, this paper focuses on promoting the three aspects that have had a significant impact so far, preventing the powerful growth of the old town: -REGENERATION: The deterioration and abandonment of various buildings gives a disastrous image of the town, not only for visitors, but also for its inhabitants; creating feelings of insecurity, poor health and lack of attention and care for their neighbors. -ACCESSIBILITY: The steep slopes and stairs make vehicle accessibility and easy circulation impossible for the large number of elderly people who continue to live in this area. Adding the daily need to move in order to obtain minimum services. -VISIBILITY: The ignorance that exists in the upper area of Xixona to be able to appreciate its attractive landscape and history. To be able to enjoy spaces, routes and activities in its vicinity, it is a strong point of citizen attraction that could increase the current population. The focus on these points aims to ensure that visitors can appreciate all the possibilities that the historic center has to house new life, show them the community and the good relationship between neighbors to develop and implement new relationships between the elderly residents of the town. with potential families or young people who want to stay, either temporarily or indefinitely. Bring the town and the people who live in it back to life. The tools to achieve the objectives focus on the demolition of infrastructure in a dire state and urban regeneration. After analyzing the state of the buildings and their possible potential, regeneration is focused on one point. The connection center is freed from the mass fabric of the town, creating an open central space around which the rest of the programs are implemented. The new buildings blend in perfectly with the urban landscape of Xixona, housing different uses. The first building includes the residential program, focused on temporary residents, regardless of the length of their stay, condition or number of components. In order to unify the relationships between the new residents and neighbors, the two remaining buildings are created. One develops the most active leisure activities, with a cafeteria and a performance area, a games room and a gym. While the latest construction focuses on relaxation and tranquility activities, a meditation room, a swimming pool and a shed with an urban garden. The development of all the aforementioned activities aims to create a union between the new inhabitants and current residents so that they can enjoy the feeling of belonging to Xixona and want to settle down.

text, 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper

Children and young people are often labelled the “digital generation”, naturally equipped with the skills to reap the benefits of digitised education, working life and communication through social media now and in the future. However, this age group’s use of information and communication technology (ICT) is not uniform, nor are the outcomes of their adaption to ICT. Shaped by their social environment and socioeconomic conditions, the potential benefits of children’s and young people’s ICT use may vary greatly, contributing to increased inequalities that exacerbate vulnerability for some while promoting health and well-being for others. This paper presents a protocol for conceptualising, systematically identifying and synthesising the literature on which conditions contribute to children and young people being negatively or positively impacted by their use of ICT. Here, children and young people are seen as social actors in four domains of their everyday lives illustrated through the digital ecosystem: family, leisure, education and civic participation. This protocol’s overview of the actors’ navigation within and across the different domains and potential for studying the interactions between the different spheres of the ecosystem may advance the understanding of both the risks and benefits facing children and young people in their digital lives.

El ocio familiar está adquiriendo un protagonismo en el ámbito socioeducativo que se ve revertido en el volumen de estudios científicos, no obstante, son insuficientes los instrumentos cuantitativos, centrados principalmente en la medición de la frecuencia de actividad. Ante ello, el presente trabajo, tomando como referencia el marco teórico del ocio como recurso educativo y de desarrollo humano, expone los pasos seguidos para el proceso de diseño y validación de un cuestionario inicial compuesto por 73 ítems por medio de la participación de 14 jueces expertos en metodología de investigación, atendiendo parcialmente modelo empírico descrito Muñiz y Fonseca-Pedrero y empleando la técnica Delphi de validación de expertos. De esta forma, el instrumento inicial, cada uno de los ítems, se sometió a una valoración en base a tres criterios clave: adecuación, pertinencia y claridad. La mayoría de los ítems obtiene valores cercanos a la perfección en los tres descriptores a excepción de unos pocos que fueron modificados de redacción, ampliados con clarificaciones o ejemplificaciones o directamente eliminados. Finalmente, una vez analizadas las valoraciones cualitativas y cuantitativas, se diseñó la versión definitiva del cuestionario compuesto por 50 ítems agrupados en seis dimensiones, obteniendo altos índices de fiabilidad tanto general como de forma específica en cada una de sus dimensiones. La creación de este instrumento contribuye a materializar la teoría del ocio y la familia en el terreno empírico, otorga así la posibilidad de poder evidenciar desde la investigación directa lo establecido por los supuestos teóricos., Family leisure is acquiring a prominence in the socio-educational field that is reflected in the volume of scientific studies, however, quantitative instruments, mainly focused on measuring the frequency of activity, are insufficient. In view of this, this paper presents the steps followed for the design and validation process of an initial questionnaire composed of 73 items through the participation of 14 expert judges in research methodology. Thus, the initial instrument, each of the items, was subjected to an evaluation based on three key criteria: adequacy, relevance and clarity. Most of the items obtained values close to perfection in the three descriptors, with the exception of a few that were modified in wording, expanded with clarifications or exemplifications, or directly eliminated. Finally, once the assessments, both qualitative and quantitative, were analyzed and considered, the final version of the questionnaire was designed, consisting of 50 items grouped into six dimensions, obtaining high reliability indices both in general and specifically in each of its dimensions. This study of a methodological nature contributes to the sophistication of the field of leisure research and encourages researchers in this field to disseminate methodological findings in this regard., O lazer familiar está adquirindo um destaque no campo sócio-educativo que se reflete no volume de estudos científicos, no entanto, os instrumentos quantitativos, focados principalmente na medição da freqüência de atividade, são insuficientes. Em vista disso, o presente trabalho, tomando como referência o marco teórico do lazer como recurso educativo e de desenvolvimento humano, estabelece as etapas seguidas para o processo de desenho e validação de um questionário inicial composto de 73 itens através da participação de 14 juízes especialistas em metodologia de pesquisa, seguindo parcialmente o modelo empírico descrito por Muñiz e Fonseca-Pedrero e utilizando a técnica Delphi de validação especializada. Desta forma, o instrumento inicial, cada um dos itens, foi submetido a uma avaliação baseada em três critérios-chave: adequação, relevância e clareza. A maioria dos itens obteve valores próximos à perfeição nos três descritores, com exceção de alguns que foram reformulados, expandidos com esclarecimentos ou exemplificações, ou eliminados completamente. Finalmente, uma vez analisadas as avaliações qualitativas e quantitativas, foi elaborada a versão final do questionário, composta de 50 itens agrupados em seis dimensões, obtendo altos níveis de confiabilidade tanto em geral quanto especificamente em cada uma de suas dimensões. A criação deste instrumento contribui para materializar a teoria do lazer e da família no campo empírico, dando assim a possibilidade de ser capaz de demonstrar a partir da pesquisa direta o que é estabelecido pelas suposições teóricas.

Our research was intended to find out whether social networking is recognized and experienced as leisure or should be considered liquid leisure because its borders are fluid. This aim was connected to the broader question of whether there are still clear borders between work, leisure, and other life aspects. The research was designed as a cross-sectional ex-post-facto study. The survey examined data collected through a structured questionnaire completed and returned by 3451 respondents aged 15+ selected from the general population of the Czech Republic. The statistical significance of hypotheses was tested using χ2 statistics for two-way (C × R) and three-way (C × R × L) contingency tables. Only 752 (21.79%) respondents reported not having or using an online social network account. Even though there is no reason why social networking should not be considered leisure, there was a considerable discrepancy between those who considered social media a leisure activity (8.2%) and those who did not (78.21%). Therefore, this kind of leisure activity is conceptualized in this paper as a specific liquid leisure.

Leisure activities shared by grandparents and grandchildren provide important benefits. The health and humanitarian crisis caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has made it necessary to use digital tools to alleviate the lack of contact between adults and children. This paper had as its aim to identify the digital leisure shared by grandparents and their pre-adolescent grandchildren (10-12 years old) before and during the pandemic, as well as its contribution to intergenerational well-being from a holistic paradigm, ultimately aiming to determine whether that digital leisure constitutes an experience of human development for young and old people alike. The sample was made up of 153 grandparents of 10-to-12-year-old children living in the north of Spain. Alongside the use of an ad hoc questionnaire, descriptive and inferential analyses were carried out. Most intergenerational leisure activities ceased to be performed during the lockdown, except for those that could be carried out remotely, thanks to information and communication technologies, which ensured the continuity of social and family interactions. Technological connectivity between generations provided greater support to communication and meaningful relationships, additionally facilitating active aging processes. Las actividades de ocio compartidas por abuelos y nietos reportan beneficios importantes. La crisis sanitaria y humanitaria provocada por la pandemia del coronavirus (COVID-19) ha hecho necesaria la utilización de herramientas digitales para aliviar la falta de contacto entre adultos y niños. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar el ocio compartido entre los abuelos y sus nietos preadolescentes (de entre 10 y 12 años) antes de y durante la pandemia, así como su contribución al bienestar intergeneracional desde un paradigma holístico, con el fin de comprobar en última instancia si el ocio digital constituye una experiencia de desarrollo humano para los jóvenes y los mayores por igual. La muestra estaba formada por 153 abuelos de menores de entre 10 y 12 años residentes en el norte de España. Junto con el uso de un cuestionario ad hoc, se llevaron a cabo análisis descriptivos e inferenciales. La mayor parte de las actividades de ocio intergeneracionales dejaron de realizarse durante el confinamiento, salvo las que podían hacerse de forma remota, gracias a las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, que garantizaron la continuidad de las interacciones sociales y familiares. La conectividad tecnológica entre generaciones proporcionó un mayor apoyo para la comunicación y el establecimiento de relaciones significativas, facilitando asimismo los procesos de envejecimiento activo. The text presented is associated with the research project “Leisure and well-being in an intergenerational perspective: from family daily life to social innovation in grandparent-grandchildren networks” (EDU2017-85642-R) [years 2017-2020], and serves as the basis of the current research project “Intergenerational leisure within the framework of the new normality. Education, opportunities and challenges” (PID2020-119438RB-I00) [years 2021-2024]; both financed through the National R&D&I Plan under two grants from the Ministry of Science and Innovation.

Background: Although it is generally accepted that physical activity (PA) reduces the risk for chronic disease and mortality, accumulating evidence suggests that occupational PA (OPA) may not confer the same health benefits as leisure time PA (LTPA). It is also unclear if workers in high OPA jobs benefit from LTPA the same way as those in sedentary jobs. Purpose: To determine whether LTPA and leisure time sedentary behaviour (LTSB) confer the same health effects across occupations with different levels of OPA. Methods: Five bibliographic databases were searched from inception to June 2020. Prospective or experimental studies which examined the effects of LTPA or LTSB on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal pain, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, arrhythmias and depression among adult workers grouped by OPA (low OPA/sitters, standers, moderate OPA/intermittent movers, high OPA/heavy labourers). Results: The review includes 38 papers. Across all outcomes, except cardiovascular mortality, metabolic syndrome and atrial fibrillation, greater LTPA was consistently protective among low OPA, but conferred less protection among moderate and high OPA. For cardiovascular mortality and metabolic syndrome, higher levels of LTPA were generally associated with similar risk reductions among all OPA groups. Few studies examined effects in standers and none examined effects of LTSB across OPA groups. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that LTPA is beneficial for all workers, but with larger risk reductions among those with low compared to high OPA jobs. Tailored interventions for different occupational groups may be required. More high-quality studies are needed to establish recommended levels of LTPA/LTSB for different OPA groups. Funding: None., The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress

U radu se tematizira uloga dubrovačkih ljetnikovaca u oblikovanju duhovnog nasljeđa i kulturnog krajolika. Sagledava se nekoliko odabranih ‘slika vremena’ iz kojih se ogleda povijest dokolice u ladanjskim prostorima i nadahnuće zabilježeno iz pera pjesnika i pisaca., The paper examines the role of Dubrovnik summer houses in shaping the spiritual heritage and cultural landscape. A few selected 'pictures of time' are discussed, reflecting the history of leisure in rural areas and the inspiration recorded through the pens of poets and writers.

Sports tourism is a decisive factor in geographical mobility for leisure purposes. These activities entail certain acts and consequences inherent in their execution, which are worthy of study from the perspective of sustainable and reasonable tourism. Previous studies tried to show the characteristics of this type of tourist but did not provide relevant information to offer the necessary services to provide, to understand their patterns of habits, and to be able to act correctly. This paper aims to study the profile of the sports tourism consumer. Data provided by the National Institute of Statistics for the year 2019 was analyzed, taking a sample of 1496 people for statistical analysis. From these statistical analyses, key information on consumer profiles can be gleaned. Findings showed that people with Spanish nationality predominate, being mainly men. Both sexes show that they are over 40 years of age, with higher education, mostly married, cohabitation with a partner with children at home, with permanent employment contracts and certain patterns of behavior such as the use of their private car, and staying mainly in hotels or aparthotels. Therefore, from the point of view of sustainable tourism, it is vital to draw up profiles and patterns of consumers of this tourism, to evaluate and study its ecological, environmental, and social impact, as well as taking the appropriate measures to balance the balance between sports tourism and sustainability., El turismo deportivo es un factor decisivo en la movilidad geográfica con fines de ocio. Estas actividades conllevan ciertos actos y consecuencias inherentes a su ejecución, que son dignos de estudio desde la perspectiva del turismo sostenible y razonable. Estudios anteriores trataron de mostrar las características de este tipo de turista pero no aportaron información relevante para ofrecer los servicios necesarios a prestar, para conocer sus patrones de hábitos y poder actuar correctamente. Este trabajo pretende estudiar el perfil del consumidor de turismo deportivo. Se han analizado los datos proporcionados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística para el año 2019, tomando una muestra de 1496 personas para su análisis estadístico. De estos análisis estadísticos se puede extraer información clave sobre el perfil del consumidor. L os resultados mostraron que predominan las personas con nacionalidad española, existiendo una proporción mayor de hombres que de mujeres. De ambos sexos se desprende que son mayores de 40 años, con estudios superiores, mayoritariamente casados, con convivencia en pareja y con hijos en el hogar, con contratos laborales indefinidos y con ciertas pautas de comportamiento como el uso de su coche particular, y alojándose principalmente en hoteles o apartahoteles. Por lo tanto, desde el punto de vista del turismo sostenible, es vital elaborar perfiles y patrones de los consumidores de este turismo, para evaluar y estudiar su impacto ecológico, ambiental y social, así como tomar las medidas aptas para equilibrar la balanza entre el turismo deportivo y la sostenibilidad.

This paper explores the extent to which workers are willing to trade hours worked for leisure time shared with their spouse. This parameter is essential to properly assess contemporary trends in the regulation of work and leisure time. We use the fact that the number and timing of paid vacation days to which French employees are entitled vary in a quasi-random way, from year to year, along with the dates of public holidays. Self-employed workers do not benefit from public holidays but we show that a large fraction of them substitute a day of unpaid leisure for a day of paid work whenever their spouse gets an extra day of paid leave.

This paper focuses on a particular population segment, that of Millennials, which has attracted much attention over recent years. Beyond the media hype, little is known about the habits of this generation towards spare time use. The present study builds on a previous work devoted to detect the different ways Italian Millennials interact with spare time, and aims at identifying profiles of Millennials branded with profile-specific time use habits and styles. In so doing, we (i) account for the multidimensional nature of time use attitude and express it into a reduced number of distinct dimensions and (ii) identify and qualify profiles of Millennials as regards the ascertained time use dimensions. By relying on an extended Item Response Theory model applied to the Italian “Multipurpose survey on households”, our main findings reveal that the way Millennials use spare time and interact with technology is much more complex, varied and multifaceted than what claimed by the media.

The Laboratory for Prevention Research (ERF UNIZG, Croatia) conducted a project entitled 'Quality of Leisure Time as a Protective Factor for the Development of Behavioural Problems' to examine the influence of structured leisure time on adolescents' engagement in risk behaviours. Leisure time can be an important context for positive adolescent development, but it can also be a context that leads them to engage in risk behaviours. This paper aims to determine the extent to which adolescents' frequency of participation in structured leisure activities (SLA), perceptions of context, motivational factors, and the experience of participating in SLA contribute to adolescents' alcohol use. Participants were 14-21 years old (M = 18.87, SD = 1.23) and 44.8% of participants were female. The Questionnaire of youth leisure time, the Context of Participation in Leisure Activities, the Free Time Motivation Scale for Adolescents, the Youth Experience Survey, and the CTC Youth Survey were used for the study. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results show that external motivation, identified motivation, teamwork and social skills experiences, positive relationship experiences, adult networks and social capital experiences, and negative experiences had a significant main effect on lifetime prevalence of alcohol use among adolescents. In addition, external motivation, safety, identity experiences, initiative experiences, and positive relationship experiences significantly contribute to the monthly prevalence of adolescent alcohol use. This suggests that we need to invest resources in the development of SLA, taking into account the motivation, context, and developmental experiences that contribute to participation in SLA, not just the setting of the activities themselves, if we are to support leisure as an important context for preventing risk behaviours among adolescents. Some of the features of SLA that promote positive adolescent development and prevent adolescent alcohol use will be discussed in more detail in the presentation.

Covid-19 pandemic has radically restricted the possibilities for cultural and leisure activities outside of the home. As research so far has shown, it has also exacerbated the existing social inequalities, including those connected to leisure and cultural participation. In this paper, based on survey data from nine European countries (UK, France, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Spain, Serbia, Croatia, Switzerland), collected in Spring 2021, we attempt to answer the following research questions: (1) What are the cross-national differences in leisure activities the respondents indicated they missed the most during the Covid-19 pandemic? ; (2) What is the place of cultural activities (defined as those activities usually in the focus of cultural policies) among the most missed leisure activities? ; (3) How are the most missed cultural activities (as defined above) connected to selected indicators of social inequality and life satisfaction? Unlike the steady stream of articles dealing with ongoing changes in the patterns of cultural participation, “enforced leisure” and “adaptation strategies”, or specific policies aimed at alleviating the precarious situation of the cultural and creative workers, we focus on what we see as long-term trends merely made more visible by the current pandemic. The results of our descriptive analysis indicate cross-national differences in the patterns of participation in leisure activities and cultural activities (in the narrow sense of the word). A regression analysis shows that selected indicators of social inequality are related to the types of leisure and cultural activities missed the most in pandemic conditions.

У статті досліджуються причини виникнення, процес створення, структурний устрій та напрями роботи Сумського дитячого парку "Казка" у середині 80-х рр. ХХ ст. - на початку ХХІ ст. Цей комплексний дитячий парк, що розпочав свою роботу у 1985 р., являв собою унікальний культурнорозважальний заклад, який був відомий далеко за межами Сумської області. Характерною особливістю парку став великий архітектурний комплекс казкової тематики. Розквіт діяльності парку "Казка" припадав на перші роки його існування, що значною мірою пояснюється специфічними, характерними для радянської економічної та політичної систем, методами організації роботи закладу, та які перестали ефективно функціонувати з падінням компартійного режиму. У статті проаналізовані проблеми, що постали перед парком у 90-х рр. ХХ ст. у зв’язку із змінами суспільно-економічних умов у країні. Спеціальна увага приділена різним видам допомоги, що надавали дитячому парку установи та організації Сумщини. The paper analyses the reasons for the genesis, creation history, structural arrangement, fields of work, and problems in the functioning of Sumy Children’s Park “Kazka” from the mid1980s of the 20th century - to the early 21st century. In the study course, it has been concluded that the “Kazka” children’s park appeared in Sumy due to the need to streamline the territory of the city center. The children’s park creation was initiated by the then head of the city A. Lushpa. The prototype for the park in Sumy was the children’s playground “Kazka” in Mykolaiv. In fact, the park creation began in a directive way with the financial burden-shifting for the work execution from budgetary funds to the city enterprises’ funds, which was not uncommon under the Soviet totalitarian regime. At the same time, the children’s park was created in a short time due to the well-coordinated work of many enterprises and organizations in the city, which were helped by thousands of Sumy residents on a voluntary basis. The created park “Kazka” was a unique architectural complex on a fairy-tale topic with diverse cultural and entertainment facilities and offered visitors leisure activities for every taste. The significant amount and variety of park cultural-mass work in the first years of its existence were explained by the help, made on a voluntary basis, from a large number of local institutions and organizations. Because of its uniqueness, the park “Kazka” has become widely known throughout the country. At the same time, the flourishing of the park “Kazka” activities fell in the first years of its existence, which is largely dependent on the specific methods of the institution work organization, being typical of the Soviet economic and political systems. Those systems ceased to function effectively with the fall of the Communist Party regime. At the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, problems began to arise in front of the park due to socio-economic changes in the country. The major of them was the problem of lack of funds. Under market conditions, reliable sources of the park work financing by the city authorities disappeared due to rising prices, a decrease in the population solvency, etc. “Kazka” park’s income from paid services did not allow to resolve the institution’s financial situation. Since the second half of the 1990s, the park began to rapidly decline. Some of the unique architectural objects of the park were lost. In general, city authorities in the 1990s - at the beginning of the 21st century little dealt with the problems of the children’s park “Kazka”, and its restoration in 2003 was caused by the desire to create an eye-catching picture of the city’s improvement in front of the government delegation. This restoration has never been completed.

Cilj rada je osvijetliti antički model dokolice koji proizlazi iz pera rimskog stoičkog filozofa Lucija Aneja Seneke. Na tragu povijesno-filozofskih istraživanja Pierrea Hadota – koji je promovirao ideju da antičku filozofiju valja shvaćati prvenstveno kao duhovnu vježbu radi realizacije umijeća življenja – to će se rasvjetljavanje temeljiti na tezi da je Seneka umijeće dokolice shvaćao i prakticirao kao dinamičko jedinstvo filozofske kontemplacije i moralno-praktičnog djelovanja utemeljenog na vrlinama koje oplemenjuju i uljuđuju duh. Svrha ovog istraživanja jest ponuditi uvid u Senekino osobno kontemplativno iskustvo, sačuvano na raznim mjestima njegove pisane ostavštine, kao podsjetnik i poticaj na traženje orijentira u suvremenom životnom okruženju. U njemu se, kao i u Senekino vrijeme, prepoznaju tri vrste čovjekova straha: od neimaštine, od bolesti i od nasilja rata. Senekina ideja i praksa dokonosti kontemplacije i dokonosti moralno-praktičnog djelovanja utemeljenog na vrlinama vidi se kao jedan od mogućih puteva za uznemirenog i prestrašenog suvremenog čovjeka da se s tim strahovima suoči., The aim of the paper is to shed light on the ancient model of leisure derived from the writings of the Roman Stoic philosopher Lucius Annaeus Seneca. In line with the historical-philosophical research by Pierre Hadot – who promoted the idea that ancient philosophy should be understood primarily as a spiritual exercise for the purposes of realizing the art of living – this enlightenment will be based on the thesis that Seneca understood and practised the art of leisure as a dynamic unity of philosophical contemplation and moral-practical action founded on the virtues that ennoble and humanize the spirit. The purpose of this research is to offer an insight into Seneca’s personal contemplative experience, preserved in various places of his written legacy, as a reminder and encouragement to seek landmarks in the modern living environment. In it, as in Seneca’s time, three types of human fear can be recognized: fear of poverty, fear of disease and fear of the violence of war. Seneca’s idea and practice of the leisure of contemplation and the leisure of moral-practical action based on virtues is perceived as one of the possible ways for an anxious and frightened modern man to face those fears.

Ecotourism as an international concept promotes foreign and domestic tourism to locations in forests, oceans, and other forms of the natural world. National parks and other preserved ecosystems are popular destinations, usually located in the so-called developing countries or Global South countries, such as South and Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and Africa. This paper examines the construction of labor and leisure as forms of experience of the “Great” Outdoors for both ecotourists and local peoples. We argue that ecotourism is a form of colonial/racialized/gendered gaze, in which power imbalances are reflected in people’s experiences of ecotourism as labor and leisure. We use case studies in Indonesia and India, based on our long standing field research in each respective country.

Ovaj rad bavi se temom povezanost razine tjelesne aktivnosti s mogućnostima sudjelovanja i preprekama za provedbu kinezioloških aktivnosti. Prikazane su terminologijske odrednice slobodnog vremena, kako učenici mogu sudjelovati u različitim tjelesnim aktivnostima u izvannastavnim i izvanškolskim aktivnostima, te koje su moguće prepreke pri provođenju kinezioloških aktivnosti. Istraživanje je provedeno u OŠ Petra Preradovića Zadar i OŠ Domovinske Zahvalnosti Knin u kojem je sveukupno sudjelovalo 200 učenika i učenica trećih i četvrtih razreda. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi razinu tjelesne aktivnosti te koje su eventualne prepreke u bavljenju sportom i izboru preferirane aktivnosti djece u slobodnom vremenu kod učenika primarnog obrazovanja u osnovnim školama u Kninu i Zadru. Istraživanjem se željela utvrditi povezanost razine tjelesne aktivnosti i percipiranih prepreka. Nadalje, željelo se utvrditi postoje li statistički značajne razlike u razini tjelesne aktivnosti s obzirom na spol učenika i grad u kojem žive. Rezultati koji su dobiveni pokazuju da su učenici umjereno tjelesno aktivni te da im je najveća prepreka za provedbu tjelesne aktivnosti faktor motivacije te da postoji povezanost između nekih domena tjelesne aktivnosti i prepreka za provedbu istih. Utvrđeno je da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u razini tjelesne aktivnosti i percipiranim preprekama s obzirom na spol. Vezano za razinu tjelesne aktivnosti i ograničavajuće čimbenike s obzirom na grad, učenici zadarske škole su više uključeni u sportske aktivnosti u slobodno vrijeme te su više tjelesno aktivni za vrijeme velikog odmora nego učenici u Kninu. Iako je prikazano da su učenici zadarske škole u slobodno vrijeme aktivniji od učenik kninske škole, učenici iz Knina su više tjelesno aktivni tijekom vikenda od učenika u Zadru. Također utvrđena je razlika za objektivne prepreke u kojima učenici kninskih škola zbog obiteljskih i nedostupnih objekata nisu u mogućnosti vježbati. This paper deals with the topic of the connection between the level of physical activity and the possibilities of participation and obstacles to the implementation of kinesiological activities. The terminological determinants of free time are presented, how students can participate in various physical activities in extracurricular and out-of school activities, and what are the possible barriers in carrying out kinesiological activities. The research was conducted in the Petar Preradović Elementary School in Zadar and the Domovinske zahvalnosti Elementary School in Knin, in which a total of 200 third and fourth grade students participated. The aim of the research was to determine the level of physical activity and what are the possible obstacles in playing sports and choosing the preferred leisure activities of children in primary school students in primary schools in Knin and Zadar. The aim of the research was to determine the connection between the level of physical activity and perceived barriers. Furthermore, the aim was to determine whether there were statistically significant differences in the level of physical activity with regard to the gender of students and the city in which they live. The obtained results show that students are moderately physically active and that the biggest barrier to the implementation of physical activity is a motivating factor and that there is a connection between some domains of physical activity and barriers to their implementation. It was found that there is no statistically significant difference in the level of physical activity and perceived barriers with respect to gender. Regarding the level of physical activity and limiting factors with regard to the city, students of the Zadar school are more involved in sports activities in their free time and are more physically active during the big holidays than students in Knin. Although it has been shown that students of the Zadar school are more active in their free time than students of the Knin school, students from Knin are more physically active during the weekend than students in Zadar. A difference was also found for objective obstacles in which students of Knin schools are not able to exercise due to family and inaccessible facilities.

Tema ovog završnog rada je Povijest odmora na plaži. U radu je razmotren razvoj plaža od 18. stoljeća, pa sve do danas, kako u svijetu, tako i u Hrvatskoj. Generacijama načini na koji su ljudi uživali u slobodnom vremenu postupno su se mijenjali. U 18. stoljeću, slobodno vrijeme i aktivnosti koje dolaze s njime, više je uživala aristokracija nego radnička klasa. No godine industrijske revolucije i borba za radnička prava to mijenjaju. Unatoč svojim padovima i zatvaranju tijekom oba svjetska rata primorska odmarališta nastavila su napredovati i rasti. Uvode se paket aranžmani i zrakoplovne linije. Uvođenje niskobudžetnih zračnih prijevoznika čini ljetovanje u inozemstvu povoljnijim i dostupnijim većem broju ljudi. Nekad klasične slike odmarališta, poput onih gdje su smještajni objekti bili samo pansioni i prenoćišta, zamijenili su hotelski kompleksi s restoranima, trgovinama i cjelodnevnim aktivnostima. Turistička mjesta se nastavljaju prilagođavati potrebama izletnika, posjetitelja i turista da svoje vrijeme provedu, a novac da potroše na plaži. The History of the Beach Holiday The topic of this thesis is The History of the Beach Holiday. The paper discusses the development of beaches from the 18th century until today, both in the world and in Croatia. Over the generations, the ways in which people enjoyed their free time gradually changed. In the 18th century, the leisure and activities that came with them were enjoyed more by the aristocracy than by the working class. But the year of the industrial revolution and fight for workers’ rights changed that. Despite decays and closures during both world wars, coastal resorts continued to improve and grow. Package tours and airlines were introduced. The introduction of cheap airlines made holidays abroad more available and accessible to a larger number of people. In the past, classic images of resorts, such as those in which only boarding houses and hostels were accommodations, were replaced by hotel complexes with restaurants, shops, and all-day activities. Tourist places continue to adapt to the needs of hikers, visitors, and tourists to devote their time and to spend their money on the beach.

Problemi sa psihičkim zdravljem sve češće se javljaju u mlađoj životnoj dobi i zahvaćaju sve kulture i nacije. Psihičko zdravlje jednako je važno za sveukupno zdravlje kao i fizičko i stoga mu je potrebno posvetiti jednako pažnje. Za početak psihijatrije kao medicinske discipline se smatra 18. stoljeće kada je Pinnel „oslobodio lanaca“ psihički oboljele osobe. U Hrvatskoj se psihijatrija kao medicinska disciplina razvijala nešto sporije, ali opet zbog svoga položaja je bila u koraku sa aktualnim europskim otkrićima. U Hrvatskoj je trenutno aktualna deseta revizija klasifikacije psihijatrijskih bolesti iz 1992 godine. Postoji veliki broj psihijatrijskih bolesti koje su sortirane prema toj klasifikaciji. U liječenje psihijatrijskih bolesti postoji veliki izbor metoda, a najvažnija je farmakološka terapija. Također bitno je spomenuti konvulzivnu terapiju, socioterapiju, radnu terapiju, psihoterapiju te neke alternativne metode koje su se pokazale djelotvornim kao što su hortikultura, muzikoterapija, art terapija i ostale. U Hrvatskoj većina psihijatrijskih bolesnika smješteni su u socijalne ustanove kao što su domovi za odrasle, psihički bolesne odrasle osobe itd. U zadnje vrijeme dosta se spominje važnost kvalitete provedenog slobodnog vremena i njegovog utjecaja na psihičko zdravlje osoba smještenih u socijalne ustanove. U radu je provedeno istraživanje koliko su korisnici doma za psihički oboljele odrasle osobe zadovoljni kvalitetom provedenog slobodnog vremena. Rezultati su pokazali da nisu najzadovoljniji sa izborom ponuđenih aktivnosti i kvalitetom provedenog slobodnog vremena. Većina sudionika iskazuje da najviše svog vremena provodi spavajući, iako su svjesni da to nije kvalitetno provedeno slobodno vrijeme. Potrebno je provesti još istraživanja na tu temu kako bi se povećala kvaliteta života psihički oboljelih osoba koje borave u različitim ustanovama socijalnog tipa. Mental health problems are increasingly occurring at a younger age and affect all cultures and nations. Mental health is just as important for overall health as physical health and therefore needs equal attention. The beginning of psychiatry as a medical discipline is considered to be the 18th century when Pinnel "freed the chains" of the mentally ill. In Croatia, psychiatry as a medical discipline developed somewhat more slowly, but again due to its position it was in step with current European discoveries. The tenth revision of the 1992 classification of psychiatric illnesses is currently under way in Croatia. There are a large number of psychiatric illnesses that are sorted according to this classification. There is a wide range of methods in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses, the most important being pharmacological therapy. It is also important to mention convulsive therapy, sociotherapy, occupational therapy, psychotherapy and some alternative methods that have proven to be effective such as horticulture, music therapy, art therapy and others. In Croatia, most psychiatric patients are placed in social institutions such as homes for adults, mentally ill adults, etc. Recently, the importance of the quality of free time spent on the mental health of persons placed in social institutions has been mentioned. The paper conducted a survey on how satisfied the users of the home for the mentally ill are with the quality of their free time. The results showed that they are not the most satisfied with the choice of activities offered and the quality of free time spent. Most respondents state that they spend most of their time sleeping, although they are aware that this is not quality leisure time. More research is needed on this topic in order to increase the quality of life of mentally ill people living in various social institutions.

The current COVID-19 pandemic has led to the acceleration of the digitization process and to a shifting to Industry 4.0. Blockchain (BC) is one of the technologies that has been introduced worldwide in recent years. It has been beneficial for the tourism industry, in addition to many other sectors. This article investigates the advantages and disadvantages of BC adoption in the tourism industry, as well as the possible solutions to overcome the challenges. This paper conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) that consists of the operations for detecting, selecting, categorizing, and analyzing relevant articles on a specified subject. It is evident from the results that the majority of the academic works illustrate the benefits of BC implementation and explain its potential by providing diverse models of BC-based systems. However, since BC is a young technology, numerous challenges have appeared on the path to its full adoption in the tourism industry. Possible solutions are the achievement of a collaborative approach among the stakeholders, the deepening of academic research in the field, testing more models of BC-based systems, and the establishment of relevant policies. Consequently, the implications for the theory, practice, policy, and research of this work are significant.