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the article explores the ways to optimize the size of the printed guide. As a result, being an edition with creolized text, the guide has components, which modernization will facilitate the introduction of interactive features into traditional genre model. As specific examples, the author offers to use activity elements in the printed guidebook from the formats that are widely used in children's literature, namely from the panorama book (three-dimensional images, inserts, paper engineering) and travel diary («journaling»).

Objective. One of the most effective ways to assess thermal protection of construction facilities of various applications is thermal control. Methods. According to the national standard “Method for thermal imaging quality control of thermal insulation of enclosing structures” in force on the Russian Federation territory, the results of thermal imaging monitoring of capital and completed construction facilities are divided into qualitative and quantitative depending on set goals and objectives. Qualitative assessment involves computer processing and visual interpretation of thermograms using specialized software. Quantitative analysis of thermograms involves determining and numerically comparing parameters of reference areas and characteristics of defects detected in an object being under thermal control. Results. The paper describes particular characteristics and results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of thermograms (thermal images) obtained via thermography of fragments of external enclosing structures of a completed construction facility—an apartment building. The paper analyses existing methods of a quantitative assessment of thermograms described in regulatory documents and methodological recommendations, and presents specific examples of their application. Conclusion. Thermal imaging diagnostics makes it possible to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the level of thermal protection of the outer shell of an object under control by “decoding” thermograms and comparing calculated parameters with standard indicators.

Nowadays there are a lot of modern technologies in electronic lexicography: speech synthesis technology, cross-referencing between dictionary modules, spell-checking functions, etc. The increasing availability of online information has necessitated intensive research in the area of automatic text summarization within the Natural Language Processing community. Belarusian scientists are also interested in this sphere and new lexicographical approaches for creating a linguistic database are shown in the paper. The authors present English-Belarusian-Russian electronic dictionary TechLex. This is the project of the 2nd English Department and the Department of Software for Information Systems and Technologies of the Belarusian National Technical University. The linguistic database of the dictionary is compiled not by the traditional method of processing a large number of paper dictionaries and combining the received translations, but by sequential processing of scientific and technical English-language periodicals. While the designing the dictionary the authors have taken into account the analysis of modern electronic multilingual translation dictionaries and created a client-server application in the Java programming language. The client part of the system contains a mobile application for the Android operating system, which has been tested on tablets and smartphones with different screen diagonals. The interface of the TechLex dictionary is designed taking into account the possibility of adding new subject areas and filling them with appropriate lexical material. The main advantage of our dictionary is that it is the first technical multilingual electronic dictionary having a Belarusian version.

The paper deals with a problem of the obfuscated JavaScript code detection and classification based on Abstract Syntax Trees (AST) coloring. Colors of the AST vertexes and edges are assigned with regard to the types of the AST vertexes specified by the program lexical and syntax structure and the programming language standard. Research involved a few stages. First of the all, a non-obfuscated JavaScript programs dataset was collected by the public repositories evaluation. Secondly, obfuscated samples were created using eight open-source obfuscators. Classifier models were built using an algorithm of gradient boosting on the decision trees (GBDT). We built two types of the classifiers. The first one is the model that classifies the program according to the type of the obfuscator used, i.e. based on what obfuscator created the sample. The second one tries to detect samples obfuscated by the obfuscator whose samples are not observed during training. The quality of the obtained models is on par with the known published results. The feature engineering method proposed in the paper does not require a preliminary analysis of the obfuscators and obfuscating transformations. In the final part of the paper we analyze a quality of models estimated, discussing the certain statistical properties of the obfuscated and non-obfuscated samples obtained and corresponding colored ASTs. Analysis of generated samples of obfuscated programs has shown that the method proposed in the paper has some limitations. In particular, it is difficult to recognize minifiers or other obfuscating programs, which change the lexical structure to a greater extent and the syntax to a lesser extent. To improve the quality of detection of this kind of obscuring transformations, one can built combined classifiers using both the method based on the AST coloring and the additional information about lexemes and punctuation, for example, entropy of identifiers and strings, proportion of characters in upper and lower case, usage frequency of certain characters etc.

This paper suggests an approach to the semantic image analysis for application in computer vision systems. The aim of the work is to develop a method for automatically construction of a semantic model, that formalizes the spatial relationships between objects in the image and research thereof. A distinctive feature of this model is the detection of salient objects, due to which the construction algorithm analyzes significantly less relations between objects, which can greatly reduce the image processing time and the amount of resources spent for processing. Attention is paid to the selection of a neural network algorithm for object detection in an image, as a preliminary stage of model construction. Experiments were conducted on test datasets provided by Visual Genome database, developed by researchers from Stanford University to evaluate object detection algorithms, image captioning models, and other relevant image analysis tasks. When assessing the performance of the model, the accuracy of spatial relations recognition was evaluated. Further, the experiments on resulting model interpretation were conducted, namely image annotation, i.e. generating a textual description of the image content. The experimental results were compared with similar results obtained by means of the algorithm based on neural networks algorithm on the same dataset by other researchers, as well as by the author of this paper earlier. Up to 60 % improvement in image captioning quality (according to the METEOR metric) compared with neural network methods has been shown. In addition, the use of this model allows partial cleansing and normalization of data for training neural network architectures, which are widely used in image analysis among others. The prospects of using this technique in situational monitoring are considered. The disadvantages of this approach are some simplifications in the construction of the model, which will be taken into account in the further development of the model.

Aim. The aim of the study is to carry out mapping of the distribution of model animal species (on the example of weevils-beetles) of the Republic of Dagestan as well as to design a set of zoogeographic maps. Methods. The study is based on materials of the field expeditionary research conducted in the period of 1999-2018 in various areas of Dagestan, collected using conventional entomological methods. As the source material for the creation of the maps was used the database created by the authors, the collection materials of the Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development of the DSU, archive materials of the Sub-Department of Geography of Moscow Institute of Engineers in Geodesy, Aerophotography and Cartography (DTM, raster and vector topographic and thematic maps of the study area). Processing of the materials and creation of maps were carried out using such software platforms as ArcGIS, MapInfo and Adobe Illustrator CC. Results. Were mapped the areas of 14 model species of weevils-beetles which differ in their distribution, number as well as theoretical and practical significance. A database of mapped species was created. Mathematical foundations, general geographical and thematic content in the GIS environment, as well as editorial guidelines were developed, which allow presenting information in both vector and raster forms (traditional “paper” maps). Conclusion. A set of maps was created which reflects the ranges of model species of the animal population of the Republic of Dagestan: “Lowland Dagestan. Model species of weevils-beetles”, “Intramontane Dagestan. Model species of weevils-beetles”, “Montane Dagestan. Model species of weevils-beetles”.Aim. The aim of the study is to carry out mapping of the distribution of model animal species (on the example of weevils-beetles) of the Republic of Dagestan as well as to design a set of zoogeographic maps. Methods. The study is based on materials of the field expeditionary research conducted in the period of 1999-2018 in various areas of Dagestan, collected using conventional entomological methods. As the source material for the creation of the maps was used the database created by the authors, the collection materials of the Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development of the DSU, archive materials of the Sub-Department of Geography of Moscow Institute of Engineers in Geodesy, Aerophotography and Cartography (DTM, raster and vector topographic and thematic maps of the study area). Processing of the materials and creation of maps were carried out using such software platforms as ArcGIS, MapInfo and Adobe Illustrator CC. Results. Were mapped the areas of 14 model species of weevils-beetles which differ in their distribution, number as well as theoretical and practical significance. A database of mapped species was created. Mathematical foundations, general geographical and thematic content in the GIS environment, as well as editorial guidelines were developed, which allow presenting information in both vector and raster forms (traditional “paper” maps). Conclusion. A set of maps was created which reflects the ranges of model species of the animal population of the Republic of Dagestan: “Lowland Dagestan. Model species of weevils-beetles”, “Intramontane Dagestan. Model species of weevils-beetles”, “Montane Dagestan. Model species of weevils-beetles”.

В статье рассматривается развитие профессионального образования в области церковной живописи России. Выделяются основные этапы развития обучения в области иконописи в XX - нач. XXI в.: подготовка иконописцев в советский период 1917-1991 гг. и современный этап подготовки иконописцев в России. Анализируются особенности каждого этапа обучения иконописцев, обобщаются полученные результаты научного исследования., The paper shows the development of the professional education in the fi eld of icon painting in Russia. It determines the main development stages of the icon painting training in the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, the education of the icon painters in the Soviet period 1917-1991 and the contemporary position of the icon painting education in Russia. The paper provides the analysis of the main features of every educational stage in the icon painting training and summarizes the results obtained during the research., Университетский научный журнал, Выпуск 60 2021, Pages 63-70

The paper presents the results of forensic analysis of improvised dummy grenades modeled after the airsoft hand grenade RGS-4 for use in tactical simulation wargames like «Airsoft». Initial testing by experts affiliated with a different system of forensic science institutes led to the conclusion that these devices are capable of producing explosions and causing fragmentation damage. The purpose of this study conducted by two forensic science centers of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation was to correct the classification of improvised devices as explosive devices. Results indicate that these devices that consist of a cardboard (paper) or rubber-like casing filled with dried peas, with a «Korsar-4» firecracker in the middle, have the formal characteristics of an explosive device but cannot be regarded as such (as per Article 222 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), since they are in effect typical imitation pyrotechnic devices similar to dummy hand grenades RGS-4 and display no significant damaging properties.

The authors of this contribution analyze the circumstances and the history of a popular play that was staged in the Soviet Union in 1927-1928. Titled Jumah Masjid, this play was devoted to the anti-colonial movement in India. A manuscript of the play, not indicating its title and the name of its author, was found in the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences among the papers related to A.M. and L.A. Meerwarth, members of the First Russian Expedition to Ceylon and India (1914-1918). Later on, two copies of this play under the title The Jumah Masjid were found in the Russian Archive of Literature and Art and in the Museum of the Tovstonogov Grand Drama Theatre. The authors of this article use archival and published sources to analyze the reasons for writing and staging the play. They consider the image of India as portrayed by a Soviet playwright in conjunction with Indologists that served as consultants, and as seen by theater critics and by the audience (according to what the press reflected). Arguably, the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the October Revolution in Russia in 1927 and the VI Congress of the Communist International (Comintern) in 1928 encouraged writing and staging the play. The detailed picture of the anti-colonial struggle in India that the play offered suggests that professional Indologists were consulted. At the same time the play is critical of the non-violent opposition encouraged by Mahatma Gandhi as well as the Indian National Congress and its political wing known as the Swaraj Party. The research demonstrates that the author of the play was G.S. Venetsianov, and his Indologist consultants were Alexander and Liudmila Meerwarth.

Siberian Bukharans were one of the most agile group of the native population of Western Siberia and the Urals in the 17th and 18th centuries. This paper analyzes information about the border activities of Bukharans, characterizes their participation in the implementation of Russian foreign policy. The author considers the phenomenon of intelligence and the intermediary and diplomatic role of the Bukharans through the study of various aspects of Russian policy on the southeastern borderlands. The result shows that Bukharans were involved in intelligence activities in several forms. The Russian authorities could interview Bukharans who came to trade; they could include Bukharans in Russian embassies; or they could send them into the steppe as independent agents. The geography of their missions in the 17th and 18th centuries included the Kuchum lands, the Kazakh khanates, the Oirat and Dzungar lands, as well as the Qing Empire. Bukharans participated in the negotiations as interpreters and they were sometimes allowed to participate in diplomatic ceremonies such as gift exchange. The intelligence activities of some Bukharans could go hand in hand with their trade operations. Recruiting Bukharans for intelligence gathering tsks allowed the Siberian and Orenburg authorities to conduct a more effective policy in the steppe borderlands, based on the knowledge of local realities. The Russian authorities used information provided by the Bukharans for purposes such as drawing up maps, informing the voivodes of the borderlands about military dangers, the movement of troops, and diplomatic negotiations.

The quality of service (QoS) in networking is the process of managing network resources to reduce packet loss and to lower network jitter and latency. QoS has been widely used in traditional network and can also be implemented in the 5G standard based on a software-defined network (SDN). A traditional network carries several challenges, such as vendor dependency, the complexity of managing a large network, dynamically changing forwarding policies, and more. Software-defined networking is a new networking strategy designed to address the challenges of a traditional IP network, such as high levels of complexity and inability to adapt to the new quality of service requirements in a timely manner. The fundamental idea behind SDNs compared to the conventional networking paradigm is the creation of horizontally integrated systems through the separation of the control and the data plane while providing an increasingly sophisticated set of abstractions. Recently, various SDN-enabled QoS frameworks have emerged that offer many possibilities for network reconfiguration and high-level definition of policies. QoS requirements for 5G networks have been defined on the basis of three main categories of use cases: extreme mobile broadband (xMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC) IoT/M2M devices, and highly reliable М2М-communication (ultra-reliable machine-type communications – uMTC). This paper analyzes and surveys the QoS based on the openflow protocol method and QoS based on open-source SDN controllers method in 5G network. In addition, we discuss various architectural issues of open-source SDN controllers network and examine their impact on the QoS. Furthermore, we outline the characteristics of the QoS parameters such as latency, availability, reliability, jitter, and bandwidth in the 5G network. Finally, the article discusses and compares parameters of the QoS in 5G determined by world’s leaders in 5G technology.

15 years ago it was hard to believe that paper documents will lose their relevance. But the era of paper passed, came the age of electronic documents. The development of the Internet accelerates the process of organization management and electronic reporting is only the beginning. More and more customers prefer to switch to electronic document management to interact with regulatory agencies and contractors. A few years ago the idea of Deposit accounts in electronic form was new and innovative. To date, we can talk about the market of software products designed for the delivery of the reporting in electronic form. Like any market, it can offer the customer a choice, due to the demand and opportunities to manufacturers. What is an electronic document management system? What is its role and importance in the management of the company? What are the advantages and disadvantages of electronic reporting? The answers to these questions in detail in this article.

The paper considers application and development of information technologies while carrying out project management in construction. Organizational and technological support of works throughout its life cycle exerts an influence on quality and efficiency of successful implementation of the construction project. In order to achieve the project goal it is necessary perfectly to organize and plan works, distribute roles and responsibilities of the project participants, regulate composition and content of the project documentation. While analyzing technical and economic indices of construction organization activity and management systems operating in these organizations, conclusion has been made that market experience in functioning of operational management systems has not been adequately applied in practice of domestic construction organizations. Thus, introduction of integrated management systems for quality, costs, time parameters pertaining to project construction, their resource support will contribute to improvement of economic situation of construction organizations. The solution consists in application of up-to-date information technologies, maximum implementation of computer systems and programs in the sphere of production, creation of application software. It has been shown that it is necessary to develop a software model that provides a possibility comprehensively to apply information technology tools for monitoring progress of construction and installation works, systematization of information technology application that allow to control key parameters of construction and installation works, improvement of system for providing actual information in project implementation process. An example of complex application of software products Primavera P6 Professional R8.3.2 and ArchiCAD 17.0.0 is given in the paper.

The work is devoted to methods of analysis the company financial condition, including aggregated ratings. It is proposed to use the generalized solvency and liquidity indicator and the capital structure composite index. Mathematically, the generalized index is a sum of variables-characteristics and weighting factors characterizing the relative importance of individual characteristics composition. It is offered to select the significant features from a set of standard financial ratios, calculated according to enterprises balance sheets. To obtain the weighting factors values it is proposed to use one of the expert statistical approaches, the analytic hierarchy process. The method is as follows: we choose the most important characteristic and after the experts determine the degree of preference for the main feature based on the linguistic scale. Further, matrix of pairwise comparisons based on the assigned ranks is compiled, which characterizes the relative importance of attributes. The required coefficients are determined as elements of a vector of priorities, which is the first vector of the matrix of paired comparisons. The paper proposes a mechanism for finding the fields for rating numbers analysis. In addition, the paper proposes a method for the statistical evaluation of the balance sheets of various companies by calculating the mutual correlation matrices. Based on the considered mathematical methods to determine quantitative characteristics of technical objects financial and economic activities, was developed algorithms, information and software allowing to realize of different systems economic analysis.

The paper analyses the known available method to search for the author of the text in the natural language base of knowledge proposed by O. Khrulev in which the minimum distance between the frequency dictionaries of the presumed authors and the text under analysis is accepted as a criterion for the successful identification of the author. The patterns and drawbacks of the method are revealed.The paper suggested that since the distance value is based on the average values of this lexeme-usage in all papers of the author on the basis of which frequency dictionaries are created, such leaps will show up when the specific value of the lexeme-usage frequency stands in stark difference to the average one.To test this hypothesis, the paper determines a variation coefficient of each lexeme-usage frequency in the texts under analysis.The analysis of frequency dictionaries of Russian canonical writers conducted in the paper has shown that on average about 90% of the authors' frequency dictionaries contain lexemes whose frequencies of usage are inhomogeneous.The author of the paper suggested that the coefficient of variation shows increase in author's word-hoard, i.e. the larger the vocabulary size, the richer the speech, and, therefore, the less frequently the author uses the same lexemes.In the paper there is a hypothesis that it is wrong to reduce the analysed size of the authors' frequency dictionaries only by critical boundaries: it is necessary to analyse lexemes with a variation coefficient over 33%, which illustrate rich word-hoard.The paper also proposes to define only one specific critical boundary of 10 thousand lexemes, since the indefinite boundary of 5 - 10 thousand lexemes offered by O. Khrulev makes it difficult to identify the author of unknown text. In this case, the lexemes with a variation coefficient over 33% of the total vocabulary size of the studied authors beyond the critical boundary are subjected to analysis.To test this hypothesis, a numerical experiment was carried out. The main point of the experiment was to identify the authors of unknown texts based on the authors' frequency dictionaries. At the same time, there were no unknown texts in the data compilation of the frequency dictionaries. The identification was based on the calculation of distance from the unknown text to the authors' frequency dictionaries, i.e. according to O. Khrulev’ s technique. In calculation different critical boundaries were specified.A numerical experiment has shown that the method proposed in the paper increases the successful identification percent for the larger size texts (more than 5,000 word forms) by 12.5%, and for texts of small size (less than 5,000 word forms) by 15.2%.

Integrated circuits, systems on a chip are the key links in various industrial systems and state defense systems. The emergence of counterfeit integrated circuits, problems of piracy, overproduction, unauthorized interference in the design of microcircuit, hardware Trojans require the development of methods and means of their timely detection. Trojans can be introduced into the integrated circuits structure both on the development stage and during the production process, including the stages of specification, design, verification and manufacturing. The inclusion of additional elements in the integrated circuits structure jeopardizes the functional suitability and reliability of the system as a whole. For the purpose of hardware protection of projects, the methods of hardware coding are currently used.The paper discusses the features and reliability of logical coding of combinational circuits. An algorithm for cracking the code of combinational circuits is proposed, based on the description of encoded structure by the resolution function and reducing the problem to SAT CNF. The initial data for decoding the structure of a digital device is the structural implementation of encoded circuit, obtained, for example, by reverse engineering (prototype design), as well as an activated physical sample of an integrated circuit, when into protected from unauthorized access memory the correct key value is loaded. This sample can be used as a black box model. The main idea of breaking a key is to solve a problem without research on a large interval of values of input and output variables.

Objective. In recent decades, criteria for identifying potential areas have evolved hand in hand with technological tools such as geographic information systems (GIS). However, the criteria for the preservation of protected areas are often not taken into account, thus causing damage to environmental biodiversity that can become irreparable. This paper presents the way of optimizing the process of locating key terrain points by developing a hybrid algorithm for geospatial analysis in QGIS. The goal is to speed up computational time, which is a critical variable for the entire key point detection process, and to suggest potential areas that do not pose a threat to biodiversity. Methods. The strategy used is based on two fundamental assumptions: identifying the tops of spatial objects (rivers) and analyzing the distances between spatial objects (rivers and adjacent territories). The tops extraction allows obtaining potential points, while the distance analysis allows selecting among them those points that are in the range acceptable for locating a dam, provided that the least possible damage to the biodiversity of the adjacent territory is caused. The algorithm was validated using the example of the hydrological network of Manicaragua, Cuba. Results. The results were compared in terms of the calculation time used, the number of valid tops extracted, and the percentage reduction in the total number of areas. This comparison was made using one, two and three vector layers (.shp) with spatial objects representing strategic protected areas. Conclusion. The results obtained show that the more representative the space data (.shp) used, the more effective the results obtained using the algorithm are in relation to environmental protection tasks. A reduction of up to 13% from originally detected key points has been achieved.

Introduction. Modern views on the goals and content of education around the world are changing the viewpoints on educational assessment: the goals and functions of assessment are expanded, new assessment forms and tools are being introduced, the roles of students and teachers in assessment practice are revised. Global trends in educational assessment are reflected in national education systems, many of which have made the transition to criteria-based assessment. This process is accompanied by a rapid increase in the volume of scientific and methodological publications on this issue, reducing the ability of scientists and practising educators to comprehend the cumulative evidence in this area of research, which is important at the stage of reform. The solution to this problem can be facilitated by an analytical review of sources, representing a generalisation of international experience in the development of educational assessment.Aim. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, the current research is aimed to comprehend and generalise the current trends prevailing in the world theory and practice of assessment of student learning outcomes, to identify problems and contradictions as a potential basis for the occurrence of risks in assessment practices, to determine the current research directions towards the improvement of assessment in education.Methodology and research methods. The scientific papers of the last thirty years, revealing the issues of the education process assessment, have been used in the research. Sources were selected through the methods of descriptive and bibliometric analysis. The comparative and aspect-based analyses were employed in the research.Results. The wide range of assessment goals confirms the significance of the assessment as the education component; however, it results in some contradictions between the goals, which appear in estimated dichotomies: formative and summative assessment, norm-based and criteria-based assessment. Despite the contrapositive between the formative and summa-tive assessments, the analysis conducted shows the necessity of their integration. The variety of theoretical approaches to the interpretation of assessment forms, the ambiguous definition and use of terminology, the multiplicity of criteria-based assessment models, qualitatively different approaches to the development of criteria and the creation of assessment rubrics on their basis are sources of risks in the practice of educational assessment. In addition, an obstacle to ensuring effective assessment of students’ educational achievements is the insufficient level of competence of teachers as assessors, the unpreparedness of students themselves to take responsibility for the results of their learning.Scientific novelty. From a critical standpoint, the ideas are presented and the results of discussions on the problems of assessing the educational results of students in scientific sources are summarised. The analysis performed can serve as a basis for further research to build an ordered theoretical framework for assessment in education.Practical significance. An analysis of the pros and cons of international experience in the field of educational assessment can help scientists and practising teachers gain a more objective view of new approaches to the assessment of student learning outcomes, thereby contributing to the minimisation of the manifestation of possible risks in the development of assessment tools and procedures and their implementation in educational practice.

The paper presents an analytical review of the application of biometric recognition systems in relation to facial image identification technologies. The classification of biometric systems is presented. The trends of technological progress in the field of biometrics and facial recognition capabilities are considered. It is determined that in 2020 there is a trend of transition from the use of biometric recognition technologies in traditional state security systems to the sphere of commercial and user applications. The process of «linking» encryption keys and passwords with the biometric parameters of the data subject is described. It is proposed that a biometric feature and a biometrics parameter mean a certain value that has a physical meaning that characterizes the subject itself. The possibility of using circular neighborhood and bilinear interpolation of pixel intensity values in biometrics is also presented. This will make it possible to build a local binary template. In order to solve the problem of identification of persons, it is advisable to investigate the essence of biometric systems in the technologies of identification of persons, their types, identifying the shortcomings of each of them, on the basis of which to present the directions of elimination and search for the most reliable technologies. The essence of the use of biometric systems in the technologies of identification of persons is, for example, that the user can provide the bank or other counterparty with evidence that it is he who wants to use the services on his accounts. At the same time, the demand has increased for contactless biometric solutions. These technologies are implemented in order to conduct additional biometric verification of users. This allows to minimize possible fraud or violation of the internal rules of the service, for example, the transfer of accounts of some registered users to others.

The article addresses the issues related to stationary video recorders: their types, purpose, principles of functioning, design characteristics, key components installed in these devices. The author analyses the procedure for using the video recordings from the surveillance cameras in court proceedings. He also justifies the need for comprehensive examinations when investigating stationary video recorders and points out the cases when the appointment of an examination is necessary and when a specialist inspection is enough. The paper presents a research sequence for a stationary video recorder as a computer forensics’ object. Possible questions to the expert, methods, and approaches are listed; difficulties arising during the examination are considered. The author analyzes a case study of a stationary video recorder examination from the expert practice of the laboratory of computer forensics of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Russian Ministry of Justice.

Currently, an electronic document management system has been widely implemented in the practice of tax authorities, which allows you to reduce time and labor costs for processing and preparing documents; to provide operational services to the population; to ensure the availability and openness of information to the public about the activities of tax authorities, as well as services provided by tax authorities; to reduce the cost of interaction between the population and tax authorities. However, despite the automation of office work, a number of unresolved problems remains in the field of document management of tax authorities.The relevance of this study is that the main problems of the tax authorities are a large number of routine manual operations performed by employees, as well as a large volume of incoming documents that are received by the tax authorities. The creation of documents, as well as their storage, transmission and search for such documents require significant labor, time and financial costs. That is why recently tax inspections have been working on a comprehensive automation of the inspection’s activities by introducing a system for processing and accounting documents, which will allow you after a while to abandon documents and information presented on paper.The study analyses the electronic document management systems used in the practice of public administration, describes the advantages and disadvantages of each system. The paper also analyses the features of the document management process in the tax authorities. Based on the conducted research, the authors propose the introduction of a modern domestic system built on the “Logic of SED”-platform. This system is aimed at improving the efficiency of work in various areas of joint activity of employees of the organization in terms of automation of project document flow and the possibility of collective work.

The paper presents an analysis of the capacity of target groups of the population which are considered as a social base for the implementation of strategies of socioeconomic development. The aim of the study is to define the ways of identifying and tools of activating of the capacity of various groups of the population in relation to strategy planning and implementation. The capacity of target groups is considered in a context of the concept of capacity as a managerial category with its both objective and subjective senses. The capacity of target groups is identified among the various sorts of capacity of a territory. The concepts of target groups capacity and social capacity, social and labor capacity, social and target groups are correlated. The capacity of target groups is shown on the example of two certain localities: Mostovski raion (Krasnodar krai) and the city district of Megion (Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug – Ugra). As a result of reflection analysis of the process and outcomes of strategic planning there were revealed more than ten target groups typical for both localities. Specific target groups were also identified. The role of each of group under the condition of both inertial and purposeful development of the locality was highlighted. The identification of target groups had let to classify them by the criteria of typicality, localization in relation to the borders of the locality, cohesion, presence in the real world / result of intent construction. It was proposed to form a ‘thesaurus’ of target groups to apply while analyzing the social potential of the other localities.

The analysis of various forms of protest activity in the virtual space becomes especially relevant in the era of digital technologies development in all spheres of public life. But until now, there has not been a comprehensive work devoted to the trends that cause, accompany and organize digital protest activity in the world. The purpose of this paper is to determine the theoretical and methodological foundations of the socio-political analysis of digital protest activity in modern societies. The study solved the problems of analyzing the values of provincial Russian societies, institutional matrices, network political management and specific forms of virtual communication in the network space. The authors reveal the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of digital protest activity in the world: features of social temporality, public values, specifics of trust, types of social connections in urban space; digitalization, virtualization and mediativization, information inequality, digital elitism; institutional matrices and institutional traps of electronic communication, trends in digital management. The theoretical grounds provided are the basis of digital simulation of the protest activity in Megacities and provincial towns.

The transformation of the socio-economic conditions of the functioning of service enterprises caused by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting economic crisis, actualize the study of the possibilities of ensuring their competitiveness. The article gives the analysis of the genesis and development of the content of the category of enterprise competitiveness in the basic concepts of economic theory. The author proposes a definition of the competitiveness of a service enterprise. The paper analyses traditional basic factors of enterprise competitiveness as well as substantiates the anti-crisis factors of maintaining the competitive maintenance of a service sector enterprise in the context of the current economic crisis related to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as: digitalization of business and the process of providing services, customer focus, virtualization of the workforce, cybersecurity, and the use of opportunities of the state anti-crisis policy.

The paper explores the key problems of establishing the type of negative information and differentiating between facts and opinions. This is one of the most challenging problems of forensic linguistics that requires a robust methodological framework to be tackled successfully. When faced with this problem, the expert has to deal with the ambiguity of terminology and wording of questions, as well as the complexity of the object of study – the semantics of statements encountered in acts of speech. The paper analyzes the content of key terms traditionally used to address this forensic problem, and offers a possible solution. The so-called “factual square” is a method based on analyzing a statement against four semantic parameters: presence of statement of past action; verifiability of this statement on the basis of specificity of description of the action and its potential observability; lack of alternative, i.e. indication of a different possibility; the purpose of conveying negative information. The paper also analyzes the basic types of factual information and offers specific examples of semantic analysis of statements using the proposed approach.

The paper presents results of research for influence of plasma jet parameters (current, spraying distance, plasmasupporting nitrogen gas consumption), fractional composition of an initial powder and cooling degree by compressed air on characteristics of anti-meteorite coatings, subsequent processing modes by pulsed plasma. Properties of the obtained coatings and results of ballistic tests have been given in the paper. The proposed methodology has been based on complex metallographic, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopic investigations of anti-meteorite aluminum oxide coating. Optimization of air plasma spraying parameters for NiAl and Al 2 O 3 materials has been carried out in the paper. The spraying parameters optimization has been executed on the basis of obtaining maximum materials utilization factor. Surface treatment of model screen elements with a double-layer composite coating (adhesive metal NiAl layer and hard ceramic oxide Al 2 O 3 layer) has been fulfilled while using compression plasma stream. Nitrogen has been used as working gas. Composite hard ceramic oxide Al 2 O 3 coating is represented by porous structure consisting of 10–15 µm-size fused Al 2 O 3 particles. Metallic inclusions formed due to erosion of plasmatron electrodes have been observed in the space between the particles. Surface of bilayer composite coatings has been processed by a compression plasma stream and due to nonsteady processes of melting and recrystallization high strength polycrystalline layer has been formed on their surface. In this context, those areas of the polycrystalline layer which had metal inclusions have appeared to be painted in various colors depending on chemical composition of the inclusions.

The article is devoted to the study of the acceptability of the introduction of digital technologies in the electoral process and their compliance with democratic standards. It is indicated, that the Recommendation CM / Rec (2017) revised the problematic aspects of the legal regulation of electoral technologies in accordance with the current stage of development of science and information technology and today remains virtually the only agreed act, containing requirements for electronic voting. The most common digital technologies in the election process are highlighted: devices for direct recording of electronic voting without a paper ballot form; means of scanning the ballot; technical mechanisms for speeding up the counting of votes; online voting system via a computer or mobile device with Internet access; a device for voter identification online or at a polling station (including by recording fingerprints or the retina). The following essential principles of this method of election are summarized: clarity of procedure, reliability, stability of electoral legislation and broad public support. The authors highlight the following advantages of the electronic election system - the presence of a coordinated, verified, labile voter register; increases administrative efficiency; reduces long-term costs of financial and labor resources; eliminates the possibility of manipulation; speeds up the counting of votes; improves political transparency; overcomes the problems of ignorance of the electorate. The article proves that elections, referendums or other forms of democracy, conducted using digital technologies, must meet the requirements and general principles of suffrage. Legitimation of digital technologies is possible only in the absence of discriminatory advantages. Therefore, the possibility of using digital technologies is possible in the case of organizing the technical perfection of the electronic voting system and counting of votes, as well as their alternatives, along with the classic form of voting

Introduction. The paper considers problems of creating information support for solving the task of assessing the maturity level of an organization. It is proposed to use intelligent information systems, i.e. expert systems. Substantive aspects of various stages of creating such systems are briefly described; the expert system architecture, which is based on using a fuzzy expert knowledge base, is given. The work objective was to create new software to solve the problem of assessing the maturity level of an organization. Materials and Methods. Previously performed modeling of the subject domain under consideration allowed us to create a knowledge base in the form of production memory, which is the basis of the fuzzy inference mechanism. The software is written in PHP and is suitable for embedding in complex web applications. The software system is a web application written primarily in PHP and JavaScript. The software works in all modern web browsers, which accelerates significantly the implementation and deployment based on both the parent-enterprise and its subsidiaries. Results. New software has been created to automate the processing of questionnaires during the organization’s selfassessment based on key indicators, as well as considering 6 main groups of the quality management system indicators. Application of the program will significantly speed up the process of input and processing of expert information required for self-assessment. The program provides organizations to get an adequate idea of the opportunities and prospects for improving the organization’s quality management system. Some fragments of the software system interface are given. Discussion and Conclusions. The proposed software can be used to determine the level of maturity of an organization. The application of Web-technologies improves usability, reduces software support costs. The software can be both deployed in the existing network infrastructure of a customer and used by all the functionality through connecting to a remote server. The software is optimized for various screen resolutions, which allows you to use it not only at the central office, but also when analyzing the quality management system of corporate customers. The traffic generated by the web application is optimized for working with mobile devices with a low-speed Internet connection. Application of the program will significantly reduce the time for users to enter and process expert information required for the problem solving and to eliminate duplication of information.

The research is aimed at profound study of the influence of the "machine" factor (M) in the "human-machineanimal" system ("H-M-A") with the detailed description of the functions performed by "M", taking into account the convey of "M" control and control functions from the subsystems "human-operator" (HO) and "animal" (A). The paper presents the scheme of transformation and expansion of machine functionality in a biotechnical system; mathematical modeling of the dependence of technological signals controlled by the functions of local biotechnological systems (LBTS); mathematical model of diagnostic signals about the corresponding parameters of technical blocks of LBTS. Algorithmization and digitalization of processes on a dairy farm include an extended list of control indicators: technological signals, diagnostic signals and "alarm" signals presented in the article in matrix form. Monitoring the parameters of the most important subsystem "M" of the complex biotechnical system "H-M-A" of a dairy farm provides an increase in the level of automation, digitalization and intellectualization of the corresponding processes of milking, feeding, manure removal and others which creates prerequisites for improving their work and servicing animals as well as increasing the level of autonomy of their functioning. The development of the "machine" factor of the system is advisable on the basis of the machine-centric model of the LBTS, which will gradually expand its functions due to the transferred control and management functions from the corresponding subsystems "HO" and "A". The control parameters are determined at the characteristic reference points of the quarter curves of milk output for the development of refined algorithms for controlling the milking processes of individual udder shares in automated and robotic milking machines of the new generation. A graphical and numerical model of a wheeled feed-pusher robot in the Matlab/Simulink environment is shown. The created mathematical model of motion control by a wheeled feed-pusher robot provides effective interaction of the positioning system and the wheeedl robot drive in digital of autonomous movement.

Current trends in the design of electronic systems is the use of embedded systems based on systems on a chip (System-on-Chip (SoC)) or (VLSI SoC). The paper discusses the design features of electronic systems on a chip using the SystemC design and verification language. For the joint design and simulation of digital systems hardware and software, seven modeling levels are presented and discussed: executable specification, disabled functional model, temporary functional model, transaction-level model, behavioral hardware model, accurate hardware model, register transfer model. The SystemC design methodology with functional verification is presented, which reduces development time.The architecture of the SystemC language and its main components are shown. The expansion of SystemC–AMS for analog and mixed analog-digital signals and its use cases in the design of electronic systems are considered. Computing models are discussed: temporary data stream (TDF), linear signal stream (LSF) and electric linear networks (ELN). The architecture of the SystemC–AMS language standard is shown and examples of its application are given. It is shown that the design languages SystemC and SystemC–AMS are widely used by leading developers of computer-aided design systems for electronic devices.

The object of the study are the processes of incorporation of digital technologies in the activities of subjects of the housing and communal services market. The information and telecommunication technologies have been analysed in the paper, the use of which allows us to expand the range of services provided to residents of apartment buildings by management organizations in the field of housing and communal services. Factors and conditions of diversification of services of management companies due to introduction of “Uber-technologies” have been considered. One of the tools of digitalization of housing and communal services is the so-called “uberization”. “Uberization” of housing services in large cities has significant economic potential. As of the end of 2019, commercial projects of “uberization” of housing services in Russia are at the stage of pilot testing. At the same time, Russia has a rather unique situation – there is a “goal – setting” on the part of the state, institutionalized by regulations, state national and Federal programs, and most importantly-there is a request from the society, since such services are technologically little different from buying food on the Internet or ordering a taxi. The development of “Uber-technologies” is impossible without a comprehensive solution to the problems of modern digital society, which can really have an impact on the work of a mass digital platform. These issues include: ensuring human rights in the digital world, including the identification and preservation of the user’s digital data, as well as the problem of ensuring the trust of citizens in the digital environment; threats to the individual, business and the state associated with the trends of building complex hierarchical information and telecommunications systems that widely use virtualization, remote (cloud) data storage, as well as heterogeneous communication technologies and terminal devices.; expansion of opportunities for external information and technical impact on the information infrastructure, including critical information infrastructure; growth of computer crime scales.

Machine learning is applied in every field of human activity using digital data. In recent years, many papers have been published concerning artificial intelligence use in classification, regression and segmentation purposes in medicine and in ophthalmology, in particular. Artificial intelligence is a subsection of computer science and its principles, and concepts are often incomprehensible or used and interpreted by doctors incorrectly. Diagnostics of ophthalmology patients is associated with a significant amount of medical data that can be used for further software processing. By using of machine learning methods, it’s possible to find out, identify and count almost any pathological signs of diseases by analyzing medical images, clinical and laboratory data. Machine learning includes models and algorithms that mimic the architecture of biological neural networks. The greatest interest in the field is represented by artificial neural networks, in particular, networks based on deep learning due to the ability of the latter to work effectively with complex and multidimensional databases, coupled with the increasing availability of databases and performance of graphics processors. Artificial neural networks have the potential to be used in automated screening, determining the stage of diseases, predicting the therapeutic effect of treatment and the diseases outcome in the analysis of clinical data in patients with diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataracts, ocular tumors and concomitant pathology. The main characteristics were the size of the training and validation datasets, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, AUROC (Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve). A number of studies investigate the comparative characteristics of algorithms. Many of the articles presented in the review have shown the results in accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, AUROC, error values that exceed the corresponding indicators of an average ophthalmologist. Their introduction into routine clinical practice will increase the diagnostic, therapeutic and professional capabilities of a clinicians, which is especially important in the field of ophthalmic oncology, where there is a patient survival matter.

The paper describes the application of the optimization method of fuzzy automatic classification in the problem of combining estimates of trajectory measurements in a radar system. By a radiolocation system the author mean an automated hierarchical technical complex that combines, using communication tools, a set of asynchronously functioning radiolocation tools, as well as central and intermediate points that collect, process and issue trajectory radiolocation information. It must be borne in mind that in conditions of tracking tight groups of air targets, with relatively small intervals and distances, it is not always possible to obtain trajectory information of the required quality. The main reason for this is the difficulty in determining the values of the correlation matrices of errors in estimating the parameters of the state vector of air targets. The task becomes more complicated as the number of intermediate processing points increases when it is brought to the final consumer. The main goal of the article is to increase the accuracy of estimates of trajectory measurements in a radiolocation system. The research is done by means of the mathematical tool of fuzz-set theory, namely, by optimizing fuzzy automatic classification. The article demonstrates that using fuzzy automatic classification under a priori parametrical uncertainty in the law of trajectory measurement errors, when determining weight coefficients, can improve the accuracy of estimates in these conditions up to 30 % compared with methods based on the application of the probabilistic approach. The results obtained allow us to justify the prospects of using optimization methods of fuzzy automatic classification in the tasks of processing trajectory information. In addition, the advantage of the proposed method is its low computational complexity and ease of implementation, which is especially important while maintaining a large number of airborne objects.

Introduction. Remote monitoring of layered underlying surfaces is an urgent task. To assess the performance of new algorithms for processing the radar signal reflected from the surfaces, full-scale tests are required. As their carrying out demands big expenses, simulation modeling is actual. There are many methods of estimating an electromagnetic field (EMF) scattered by the earth's surface. However, there are no proven methods and algorithms for engineering calculation of the reflected radio signal in the conditions of this problem.Aim. The aim is to develop and to verify a software model to simulate the reflected multilayer extended structure of the radio signal received on board the aircraft.Materials and methods. The core of the model was based on high-frequency electrodynamics' methods, which allowed rapid calculation for large areas of targets with any number of layers. Simulation was produced using the MATLAB software package. The developed simulation model represented the result in the form of the normalized radar cross-section (RCS) of the multilayer structure. Since the layered structure had rough boundaries, the model provided triangulation of the boundaries of the volume-distributed object. The resulting EMF was calculated using the superposition principle. Each partial EMF value on the facet was calculated taking into account the phase and the polarization of the locally incident EMF.Results. In the paper the comparison of simulation results with theoretical calculations for the normalized RCS of a two-layer structure (difference is less than 10 percent) was presented. Verification for the coefficient of variation of the envelope of the reflected radio signal from the depth of groundwater (critical error was 7 percent) was performed. RCS modeling of the absorbing layer with different degrees of roughness of the layer boundaries was carried out. The upper boundary roughness (for maximal height deviation 0.1 m) affected on specific EPR more than lower boundary. It manifested itself in decreasing of RCS down to 30 dB.Conclusion. The developed model is intended to reduce expenses for designing synthesis of subsurface imaging systems with comparison of scheme "model of device development – field tests – completion – etc". The model is designed to verify the new signal processing algorithms for subsurface radar.

The paper presents the results of a study that examined strategies for online search of educational information by schoolchildren using a computer and a smartphone. The results show that online search strategies relevant to the educational goals are more associated with computer preference, especially in the situation of problem-oriented search tasks. Представлены результаты исследования, в котором изучались стратегии онлайн-поиска учебной информации школьниками, использующими для этой цели компьютер и смартфон. Показано, что стратегии онлайн-поиска, релевантные целям образовательной активности, в большей степени связаны с предпочтением компьютера, особенно в ситуации выполнения проблемно-ориентированных поисковых заданий. Исследование финансируется Российским фондом фундаментальных исследований (проект № 19-29-14005).

Currently, issues on processing of large data volumes are of great importance. Initially, the Andrews plots have been proposed to show multidimensional statistics on the plane. But as the Andrews plots retain information on the average values of the represented values, distances, and dispersion, the distances between the plots linearly indicate distances between the data points, and it becomes possible to use the plots under consideration for the graphical representation of multi-dimensional data of various kinds. The paper analyses a diversity of various mathematical apparatus for Andrews plotting to visualize multi-dimensional data.The first section provides basic information about the Andrews plots, as well as about a test set of multidimensional data in Iris Fischer’s literature. Analysis of the Andrews plot properties shows that they provide a limitlessly many one-dimensional projections on the vectors and, furthermore, the plots, which are nearer to each other, correspond to nearly points. All this makes it possible to use the plots under consideration for multi-dimensional data representation. The paper considers the Andrews plot formation based on Fourier transform functions, and from the analysis results of plotting based on a set of the test, it draws a conclusion that in this way it is possible to provide clustering of multidimensional data.The second section of the work deals with research of different ways to modify the Andrews plots in order to improve the perception of the graphical representation of multidimensional data. Different variants of the Andrews plot projections on the coordinate planes and arbitrary subspaces are considered. In addition, the paper studies an effect of the Andrews plot scaling on the visual perception of multidimensional data.The paper’s third section describes Andrews plotting based on different polynomials, in particular, Chebyshev and Legendre polynomials. It is shown that the resulting image is well correlated with the original point diagram and the Andrews plots based on the Fourier transform. This allows us to draw a conclusion that the Andrews plots based on the polynomial functions can be used for multidimensional data analysis.The fourth section studies wavelets as a basis for Andrews plotting. It is noted that wavelets have some advantages as compared to the Fourier series. In many areas of the signal analysis a Fourier transform is used for measuring the frequency characteristics of the signal over the entire area. The wavelet transform, on the contrary, is used when it is necessary to measure frequency characteristics in time-localized clusters. Fourier and wavelet transforms are complementary. Fourier transform yields an average frequency with respect to time, and the wavelet transform provides the signal frequency values at any time interval. Based on wavelets Andrews plotting through a set of test data, has shown that it is possible to apply this approach to the graphical representation of multidimensional data.

The article analyzes the current state of engineering enterprises in the Russian Federation. It conducts a review and analysis of existing methods for business management using indicators to characterize enterprise activities by means of the scalars, functional dependencies of one factor value on the other (function) one, wherein the magnitude of one factor value corresponds to a single magnitude of the other value - a dependent factor, as well as by means of data tables, and, as an example, by balance list and articulation statement used in accounting. The paper gives statements of need for taking into account the mutual influences and system interrelation of factors diversity and for special methods of their identification. The article is aimed at development of methods for business management of engineering enterprises taking into account a variety of factors and their interdependencies. The relevance of the issue stems from the fact that the analysis of existing methods of business management has shown that it is impossible to have the requested information about a considerable number of productive-economic factors in their system-based interrelation. There is a proposal for the management objects wherein multiple factors and their interactions are taken into consideration to be called inter-factor productive-economic relations (IPER). The paper presents the IPER-based structure of the business management system. It describes a method to identify controlled productive-economic factors and provides allocation and justification of the significant ones for the IPER control. Described methods of business management are distinguished by a large amount of control information, and data form rather complex structures. Therefore, it is proposed to use them in automatic control systems. The paper describes principles of information support for business management through binding IPER to organizational structures of the enterprise. It offers an interactive IPER presentation method based on multidimensional databases (OLAP-technologies). The proposed IPER-based methods of business management can be used in industrial enterprise management and making sound managerial decisions owing to obtained comprehensive information about the managed object.

The paper presents the results of research that is aimed to improve the reliability of transmission of telemetry information (TMI) through a communication channel with noise from the object of telemeasurements to the telemetry system for collecting and processing data. It considers the case where the quality of received information changes over time, due to movement of the object relative to the receiving station, or other factors that cause changes in the characteristics of noise in the channel, up to the total loss due to some temporary sites. To improve the reliability of transmission and ensure continuous communication with the object, it is proposed to use a multi-channel system to record the TMI. This system consists of several telemetry stations, which simultaneously register data stream transmitted from the telemetry object. The multichannel system generates a single stream of TMI for the user at the output. The stream comprises the most reliable pieces of information, being received at all inputs of the system.The paper investigates the task of constructing a multi-channel registration scheme for telemetry information (TMI) to provide a simultaneous reception of the telemeasurement data by multiple telemetry stations and to form a single TMI stream containing the most reliable pieces of received data on the basis of quality analysis of information being received.In a multichannel registering system of TMI there are three main factors affecting the quality of the output of a single stream of information: 1) quality of the method used for protecting against errors during transmission over the communication channel with noise; 2) efficiency of the synchronization process of telemetry frames in the received flow of information; 3) efficiency of the applied criteria to form a single output stream from multiple input streams coming from different stations in the discussed multichannel registering system of TMI.In the paper, in practical implementation of the multi-channel registering system of TMI, additional effect obtained from applying a method of error-correcting coding TMI correcting omissions and inversion bits [1], is applied, as well as the effect of applying the criteria for the choice of parameters of TMI frame synchronizer [2]. This article presents the necessary and effective criteria for constructing the single output stream of information and to assess the quality of the output stream in various realizations of the multi-channel registering system of TMI.The paper discusses two options for building a multi-channel recording system. The first variant of the system does not use additional methods of error-correcting coding during transmission. The second option for constructing a multi-channel system is based on the use of the developed combination of convolutional codes and low-density parity-check (LDPC) (error-correcting coding method presented in [1]).The paper presents selection criteria of the most significant pieces of TMI input streams and a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the proposed implementations. It gives a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed methods for constructing a multichannel recording system of TMI according to the following parameters: 1) bit error rate in the output TMI frame; 2) the percentage of fully reconstructed output frames; 3) the gain defined as the ratio of bit error rate in output TMI output frame for the systems under comparison.

Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) terrorism is a serious problem, and its threat and use lead to a new era of terrorism: the epoch much more dangerous than any of the previous periods and the terrorism no one yet knows how to cope with. The disturbing fact is that terrorists can come into possession of weapons of mass destruction. The refore, the goal of the paper is to analyze the probability of CBRN terrorist actions which have highlighted the growing concerns and increasing signs of convergence between terrorism and CBRN unconventional weapons for terrorist purposes. Terrorism today includes technologies available to anyone and anywhere and deployed through innovative solutions where it is also necessary to understand a complex interaction between the dynamic behavior of terrorist groups and the decisions regarding old and new technologies. The prospect of the use of CBRN terrorism has been confirmed by many countries as an acute security challenge that requires an efficient and quick response and reaction. The paper will also explain the importance of understanding the relationship between terrorist groups and non-conventional weapons, as well as difficulties in identifying factors that may cause the escalation. Since the end of 1990s and since the tragedy of September 11, 2001 in particular, government officials of many countries have pointed out the possibility that terrorist organizations eventually can come into the possession of unconventional materials and develop the possibilities of their use against some countries.

Introduction. The paper is devoted to simulation modeling. Basic methods of the simulation mathematical modeling in the derivatives market are described. A group of realistic nonGaussian Levy processes that generalize the classical BlackScholes model is considered. The work objective is to study the most efficient methods of market forecasting, as well as the software implementation of the simulation mathematical modeling technique of the Russian derivatives market based on the Levy model. This research is relevant due to the demand for applications that simulate the dynamics of financial assets and evaluate options in realistic models of the derivatives market, allowing for jumps.Materials and Methods. Basic methods for forecasting the derivatives market, methods for determining the volatility rate at a known option price, are considered. The most effective types of Levy processes for the simulation mathematical modeling of the Russian derivatives market at the present stage are highlighted. The possibilities of the Java language for the implementation of mathematical methods are considered.Research Results. A program is developed in the Java programming language that implements the Levy mathematical model, which includes Gaussian and generalized Poisson processes. The program for calculating the mathematical method is created in the free integrated application development environment NetBeans IDE to work with any operating system.Discussion and Conclusions. The result of the simulation mathematical modeling analysis has shown that the most efficient methods in the derivatives market are those based on realistic non-Gaussian Levy processes. The software implementation of such mathematical methods can be used for educational purposes. The developed application has demonstrated high quality and speed of calculations using software resources.

The geographical distribution of surnames has been used for decades in a variety of scientifi c fi elds as a source of information for research into the history, migrations, genetics, etc. of various human populations. Nevertheless, the geographical dimension of names has hardly been explored until now in the study of anthroponyms. Situated at the intersection of human geography and linguistics, geonomastics, considered as one of the onomastic meta-disciplines, received an important impetus since the introduction of GIS technologies into humanities in the last quarter of the 20th century. This paper presents Cartografía de Apelidos de Galicia (CAG), a free-to-use web application developed at the University of Santiago de Compostela’s Instituto da Lingua Galega that shows the geographical distribution of Galician surnames based on the current Galician population census. The author describes the data sources covered by the app, the structure of the map, its visualizing features and search capacities. The author argues that CAG may be a useful tool for both professional and lay researchers, especially genealogists. Since most of Galician surnames derive from place names, the visualization of their geographical distribution of surnames may be insightful for identifying their origin. Complemented with historical onomastic data, this application may become in the future a valuable source of information about the migration of the population of Galicia. La distribución geográfica de los apellidos se ha utilizado durante décadas en diversos campos científicos como fuente de información para la investigación de la historia, las migraciones, la genética, etc. de diversas poblaciones humanas. Sin embargo, la dimensión geográfica de los nombres apenas se ha explorado hasta ahora en el estudio de los antropónimos. Situada en la intersección de la geografía y la lingüística humanas, la geonomástica, considerada como una de las metadisciplinas onomásticas, recibió un impulso importante desde la introducción de las tecnologías SIG en las humanidades en el último cuarto del siglo XX. Este artículo presenta Cartografía de Apelidos de Galicia.(CAG), una aplicación web de uso gratuito desarrollada en el Instituto da Lingua Galega de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela que muestra la distribución geográfica de los apellidos gallegos según el censo de población gallego actual. El autor describe las fuentes de datos cubiertas por la aplicación, la estructura del mapa, sus características de visualización y capacidades de búsqueda. El autor argumenta que CAG puede ser una herramienta útil tanto para investigadores profesionales como laicos, especialmente genealogistas. Dado que la mayoría de los apellidos gallegos se derivan de nombres de lugares, la visualización de su distribución geográfica de los apellidos puede ser útil para identificar su origen. Complementada con datos onomásticos históricos, esta aplicación puede convertirse en el futuro en una valiosa fuente de información sobre la migración de la población de Galicia. Cartografía dos Apelidos de Galicia is a research project of the Instituto da Lingua Galega, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, supported by Real Academia Galega (for the 2006 version) and the Secretaría Xeral de Universidades da Xunta de Galicia (current version; TecAnDali research network, ED341D R2016/011 SI

A generalized algorithm for the verification of functional models and the rules for the verification of diagrams related by levels of detail were developed in this paper. The algorithm is based on the analysis of a tree which describes the decompose relations in functional diagrams. At each step of the algorithm, a pair consisting of a parent diagram and a functional diagram is selected, and the correlation of the arrows and their roles is checked for both. The formalization of the verification rules was based on the set-theoretic representation of functional diagrams in the form of labeled oriented graphs. The rules make it possible to map the position and roles of the arrows associated with the detailed function block of the parent diagram to the arrows of the child diagram. The following rules for each of the possible arrow roles were established: “input”, “output”, “control”, “mechanism”. The use of the logic programming language PROLOG was proposed for the implementation of the algorithm. A knowledge base structure comprised of 3 interrelated predicates to describe the tree of diagrams, nodes and edges of the graphs was suggested. A query to check the verification rules was formed, and methods of binding variables and fixing roles were considered. The analysis and verification of a fragment of a functional model for the production of vinyl acetate from ethylene was conducted as an example. The functional diagrams for the processes “Condensate separation” and “Vinyl acetate isolation” connected by a decompose relation were developed, their set-theoretic models were constructed, and the use of rules for the verification of each type of arrow were considered.

The use of information technologies and, in particular, information training systems increases capacity of both a teacher and a student to achieve their goals in an educational process, taking into account individual characteristics of each and providing opportunities for continuing education. The paper proposes and considers a new automated learning management system, called CATS (Care About the Students). The proposed system covers all components of the educational process, allows to conduct an electronic journal of visiting and defending laboratory works, distribute topics and monitor progress of course and diploma projects (creating automatically task sheets with subsequent export to MS Word editor). The CATS LMS makes it possible to test students’ knowledge in control and self-education modes, to form electronic educational and methodical complexes, to inform students about topics of lecture and practical classes with the possibility of downloading relevant materials, to provide educational content in SCORM format, developed by teachers around the world. Working in the CATS system, it is possible to exchange messages with students and teachers, to monitor progress and process of studying in respect of the proposed material by students, to check accomplished assignments of students for plagiarism. The system under consideration also takes into account specificity of training at a technical higher education institution, providing for work with an integrated project management system and ability to submit bugs. The CATS LMS has been implemented as a web application using modern technologies and it is available in the local network within the whole university at [172.16.11.72:2020].

Objectives. The purpose of the work was to change the method of signal transmission containing metrological information from industrial time-pulse ultrasonic gas flow meter to a compu-ting device (CD). It was planned to expand the range of devices serving as gas flow calculators. A hardware-software complex (HSC) for automatic calibration / verification of ultrasonic flowmeters was to be developed. This HSC should work equally well on different operating systems. The information exchange between the CD and the flowmeter was to be carried out wirelessly.Method. The Wi-Fi Pro-tocol was used as a wireless Protocol. The energy-efficient ESP8266 controller was chosen as micro-controller to provide the functionality of Wi-Fi. The ESP8266 board acted as a Wi-Fi access point on the network to which CD was connected for data exchange. The ESP8266 microcontroller also served as a HTTP server. Exchange of metrological and other information was carried out by GET-requests. Given the need for continuous flow measurements and simultaneous communication between the user and the flow meter, requests to the server were transmitted using AJAX technology. The software part of the APK consisted of 3 programs: a program that measured the flow and transmitted the information further to the ESP8266 microcontroller, a server program recorded in ESP8266, providing a response to the requests of CD users, and the client program installed on the CD. The article discusses the key points of the HSC.Result. As a result of this work, the HSC was processed for calibration/verification of ultrasonic gas flow meters. For the first time this process for industrial flow meters was implemented using the ESP8266Wi-Fi controller as an access point. As a WU, it became possible to use any desktop or laptop computer or mobile device with a modern browser.Conclusion. The method proposed in the paper significantly simplified the data exchange between the VU and the flowmeter, reduced the cost of software development due to the common approach for different operating systems.

Automatic dependent surveillance of broadcasting type (ADS-B) is an important means of ensuring the safety and efficiency of air traffic. In the future, the role of ADS-B will increase. At the same time, the cyber security of ADS-B is clearly insufficient. The article analyzes the problem of low security of ADS-B. The main reasons for the vulnerability of ADS-B are the system openness and modern achievements in the development of computer technology and software defined radio (SDR).The classification of probable attacks on the ADS-B system with the goals determination, complexity of implementation and damage from the attack is given. It is concluded that other aviation radio-technical systems possess similar vulnerabilities and require a comprehensive solution to the problem of increasing the security level. The main reasons for insufficient security of aviation communication, navigation and surveillance systems are: long development and certification cycles, legacy and compatibility requirements, price pressure, frequency overloads and the preference for open systems. The paper gives an overview of the main ways to improve the ADS-B system security. It is shown that all methods of improving security can be divided into two groups: methods based on the identification and authentication of broadcast radio networks subscribers and methods based on the verification of data transmitted over broadcast radio networks by unidentified subscribers. The methods of the first group implement algorithms of the "identification-authentication" type and can be divided into non-cryptographic and cryptographic; the latter can use symmetric or asymmetric encryption. The methods of the second group are based on various algorithms for data verification from the ADS-B system with some additional data obtained through other channels or other sources. The methods of the second group are considered: multilateration, distance restriction, Kalman filtering, statistical hypothesis testing, group verification, reasonableness check and the use of additional data. The article provides the examples of using some methods to improve the security of the ADS-B system, their advantages and disadvantages.

This paper is an overview of photo elicitation that shows the distribution of PE studies among different subject areas. The paper presents practical considerations and concludes that photo elicitation enlarges the possibilities of conventional empirical research by producing a different kind of information as well as more extensive data that are generated by more conventional research methods.

Актуальность исследования определена необходимостью прогнозирования латеральной изменчивости литологических типов пород, что оказывает влияние на разработку и экономическую оценку месторождения. Очень часто нефтяные компании имеют ограниченный набор геолого-геофизической информации, в связи с чем возникают трудности для прогнозирования перспективных областей, что способствует увеличению неопределенностей при изучении территории месторождения. Цель: выделение и статистическое обоснование фациального строения по данным геолого-геофизической информации на примере одного из месторождений Томской области, приуроченного к палеозойскому фундаменту Западной Сибири. Объектом исследования являются отложения палеозойского фундамента юго-восточной части Западно-Сибирской плиты - коллекторы сложнопостроенных карбонатных толщ, окно исследования, которое охватывает объем горной породы, равный 40 м, выбрано исходя из условий построения сейсмофациальной карты. Методы исследования основаны на использовании комплексного анализа данных - статистическое сопоставление геофизических исследований и кернового материала. Такой анализ способствует уменьшению неопределенностей в процессе оценки и прогноза геологической среды. В работе отмечено, что использование широкого спектра информации влияет на оценку и прогноз распределения геологических тел в пространстве. Предложена методика сравнения акустических свойств, полученных из первоначального источника - сейсмические данные, с расчетными акустическими свойствами по керновым данным. Выявлены взаимосвязи между сейсмической, геофизической информацией и лабораторными исследованиями керна. Обоснование полученной сейсмофациальной карты на основе комплексирования данных позволяет эффективно прогнозировать геологическое распределение фаций в пространстве и времени, но также уменьшать неопределенности при построении геологической модели. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to predict the lateral variability of lithological rock types, which affects the development and economic evaluation of the field. Very often, oil companies have a limited set of geological and geophysical information, in this relation the difficulties arise in predicting promising areas, which contributes to increase in uncertainties in the study of the field. The main aim of the research is isolation and statistical justification of the facies structure according to the geological and geophysical information on the example of one of the deposits of the Tomsk region, confined to the Paleozoic basement of Western Siberia. The object of the study is deposits of the Paleozoic basement of the southeastern part of the West Siberian Plate - complex carbonate reservoir, the study window that covers a rock volume of 40 m is selected based on the conditions for constructing a seismic facies map. Methods of the research are based on the use of integrated data analysis - a statistical comparison of geophysical surveys and core material. This analysis helps to reduce uncertainties in the process of assessing and forecasting the geological environment. The paper notes that the use of a wide range of information affects the assessment and forecast of the distribution of geological bodies in space. A technique is proposed for comparing acoustic properties obtained from the original source - seismic data, with the calculated acoustic properties from core data. The authors have revealed the interconnections between seismic, geophysical information and core research. The justification of the obtained seismic facies map based on the data integration allows us to effectively predict the geological distribution of facies in space and time, but also to reduce uncertainties in the construction of the geological model.

В статье рассматриваются современные интерпретации понятия «культурная ценность», некоторые аспекты судебного процесса по делу о хищении иконы Казанской Богоматери, отражена эволюция российского законодательства по делам о религиозных преступлениях, The paper examines modern interpretations of the concept of «cultural value», examines some aspects of the court trial for the theft of the icon of Our Lady of Kazan, refl ects the evolution of Russian legislation on cases of religious crimes., Университетский научный журнал, Выпуск 60 2021, Pages 26-30

Актуальность работы связана с истощением и длительной разработкой существующих месторождений, при этом особую важность приобретает исследование малоизученных участков перспективной нефте- и газоносности. Зачастую предприятия нефтегазодобывающей отрасли сталкиваются с проблемами оценки потенциальных участков в условиях явного недостатка геолого-промысловой информации. Целью работы является обоснование методики оценки проницаемости коллектора - одного из важнейших параметров, влияющих на прогнозирование дальнейшей разработки, при этом он же зачастую представляется и самым сложноопределяемым, особенно в условиях отсутствия промысловых исследований и разработки либо в силу имеющихся противоречий в промысловых данных. Методы. Представлен новый подход для учета и систематизации имеющейся информации по определению проницаемости с одновременным использованием двух инструментов - известного вероятностного подхода к оценке запасов (P10/50/90) и терцилей распределения проницаемости. Комбинация этих подходов позволяет учесть проницаемость, полученную из разных источников - например, по результатам опробования или гидродинамических исследований вместе с данными, полученными в петрофизической модели. Результатом работы является алгоритм, который позволяет комплексировать данные по проницаемости пластов, в том числе определенных недостаточно достоверно, существенно не вдаваясь в причины подобных расхождений. Существенным условием для применения метода в то же время является наличие статистически значимого количества данных, которое можно учесть, привлекая информацию по соседним месторождениям и прилегающим участкам. Также методику представляется возможным применить для определения некоторых других геологических параметров. The relevance of the work is associated with the depletion and long-term development of existing fields, while the study of poorly explored areas of promising oil and gas content is of particular importance. Often, companies in the oil and gas industry meet the problems in assessing potential sites in the face of a clear lack of geological information. The main aim of the research is prediction of the reservoir permeability - one of the most important parameters influencing the prediction of further development while it is often the most difficult to determine, especially in the absence of field research and development, or due to existing contradictions in the field data. Methods. The paper presents the accurate method for accounting and systematization of the available information on permeability estimation with the simultaneous use of two tools - the well-known probabilistic approach to estimating reserves (P10/50/90), as well as the one with the use of terziles. The combination of these approaches allows one to take into account the permeability obtained from different sources - for example, from the well test together with data obtained in the petrophysical model. It is well known, in cases of complex reservoirs, data from different sources may contradict each other. Results. The specified algorithm allows integrating the data on the permeability of reservoirs, including the data determined not sufficiently reliably, without significantly going into the reasons for such discrepancies. At the same time, an essential condition for applying the method is the presence of a statistically significant amount of data, which can be taken into account by using information on neighboring fields and adjacent areas. It also seems possible to generalize the method to the determination of some other geological parameters.

Subject of Study. The paper presents the results of an investigation of cross-platform mobile applications. This paper focuses on a cross-platform app data investigation in purpose of creating a database that helps to make decisions from data privacy viewpoint. These decisions refer to knowledge about mobile apps that are available to the public, especially on how consumer data is protected while it is stored locally or transferred via network as well as what type of data may leak. Methods. This paper proposes a forensics methodology as a cornerstone of an app data investigation process. The object of research is an application data protection under different security control types among modern mobile OS. The subject of research is a modification of forensics approach and behavioral analysis to examine application data privacy in order to find data that are not properly handled by applications which lead to data leakages, defining protection control type without forensics limits. In addition, this paper relies on using the simplest tools, proposing a limit to examine locally stored data and transmitted over the network to cover all data, excluding memory and code analysis unless it is valuable (behavioral analysis). The research methods of the tasks set in the paper include digital forensics approach methods depending on data conception (at-rest, in-use/memory, in-transit) with behavioral analysis of application, and static and dynamic application code analysis. Main Results. The research was carried out for the scope of that thesis, and the following scientific results were obtained. First, the methods used to investigate the privacy of application data allow considering application features and protection code design and flaws in the context of incomplete user awareness about the privacy state due to external activity of the developer. Second, the knowledge set about facts of application data protection that allows making a knowledge database to implement the missing privacy and security protection control and provide the privacy requirements (keeping the users informed about possibility to avoid untrusted usage cases). Practical Relevance. Practical relevance of the received results is the following: first, the set of knowledge facts about each examined application to privacy score per application, per application category (IM, travel, etc.), per OS, etc; second, the developed method under the forensics approach can be used to carry out analysis of the application data privacy in relation to the specified requirements including audit, reconfiguring EMM application policies and reasons for their commissioning.