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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women, and knowledge of the clinical consequences of atherosclerosis and CVD in women has grown tremendously over the past 20 years. Research efforts have increased and many reports on various aspects of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in women have been published highlighting sex differences in pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment of IHD. Data, however, remain limited. A description of the state of the science, with recognition of the shortcomings of current data, is necessary to guide future research and move the field forward. In this report, we identify gaps in existing literature and make recommendations for future research. Women largely share similar cardiovascular risk factors for IHD with men; however, women with suspected or confirmed IHD have less coronary atherosclerosis than men, even though they are older and have more cardiovascular risk factors than men. Coronary endothelial dysfunction and microvascular disease have been proposed as important determinants in the aetiology and prognosis of IHD in women, but research is limited on whether sex differences in these mechanisms truly exist. Differences in the epidemiology of IHD between women and men remain largely unexplained, as we are still unable to explain why women are protected towards IHD until older age compared with men. Eventually, a better understanding of these processes and mechanisms may improve the prevention and the clinical management of IHD in women.

The role of psychiatrists into public mental health clinics has been hampered by a perceived restriction of the psychiatrist's role to prescribing and sign-ing forms, limiting opportunities to engage in the kind of integrated care that attracted many physicians to this specialty. We propose a revision of the current model in a direction that maximizes the expertise of this specialist as well as other clinicians in the health care team. The basic unit would consist of a psychiatrist (with adequate background both in psychopharmacology and psychotherapy), an internist and four clinical psychotherapists, who may provide evidence-based treatment after the initial evaluation of the psychiatrist. Its functioning would emphasize repeated assessments, sequential combi-nation of treatments, and close coordination of team members. Re-invigorating the role of the psychiatrist in the context of a team in which role assign-ments are clear could result in better outcomes and enhanced recruitment of psychiatrists into the public sector.

Sustainable finance has become a common lexicon of both supervisors and financial institutions in the last years also due to the COVID-19 crisis. Undoubtedly, the application of ESG (environmental, social, and governance) factors is currently designing a new strategic perspective, a new approach to business usually named “sustainable”. The paper’s research problem is related to the reengineering of the bank’s business model on sustainability. Integrate ESG factors within the decision-making process will not be enough for the European financial sector; it will be strategic that European authorities and regulators also ensure incentives in this direction. In this perspective, the paper has the purpose to answer the following questions: “How sustainable the business model of cooperative credit banks is and how they are ESG oriented?”, “What are the possible ways, in the prudential framework, to foster a higher attention to the ESG paradigm, in the bank’s business model?”. The research methodology used analyses of a) the main features of cooperative bank systems and the sustainability of their business model and the conceptual benchmark framework used by EBA in the 2020 survey; b) the case of Iccrea Sustainability Framework. The contribution of our paper is manifold and likely to raise the interest of policymakers. Our argumentations and conclusions are likely to contribute in terms of recognition of the sustainable business model also in the prudential framework in the current COVID-19 economy.

Splenomegaly in children is really common and its main cause is infectious disease. The aetiology in newborns and older children is well established, while it is less defined in suckling infants. The paper describes three cases of splenomegaly in infants hospitalized in Oncohaematology Department of Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital. These infants presented with splenomegaly associated with other signs and symptoms that should prompt further investigations to exclude severe diseases. The aim of this paper is to offer paediatricians some indications for the diagnostic approach in infants with enlarged spleen. In particular, it reports the first level exams, the differential diagnosis and the red flags, the signs and symptoms that require special attention in infants with splenomegaly.

This paper examines issues of cost and revenue allocation that arise when segment reporting is carried out in local public transportation and healthcare companies. It also presents reports by segment schemes that can be used by companies operating in the aforementioned sectors. The research was carried out with the qualitative methods of participant observation and document analysis. this study focuses on the-oretical principles that have been derived from experiences carried out in the design and implementation of a segment reporting system in two companies operating in the public transportation and healthcare sectors. The analysis of the issues and solu-tions adopted by the companies observed makes this study strongly linked to reality and management practice. This paper also aims to fill a gap in the literature on re-porting by segments in these two sectors.

This paper is the second of a two-part series dealing with the study of the residual stress field induced by cold expansion (CE) in rail-end-bolt holes. In the aeronautical field, cold expansion is a consolidated practice adopted to induce beneficial residual compressive stresses around holes of aluminium parts, with the aim to improve the fatigue strength. However, in the literature few experimental or numerical studies are proposed on the application of this technique to structural steels. In Part I, an in-depth experimental investigation was carried out on railway steel, in particular on rail-end-bolt holes, with the aim to better understand the full non-linear response of the material during the whole process. In this paper, finite element (FE) analyses simulating CE process are presented, and the experimental results of Part I have been used to validate the FE model. The strain-time history acquired during the entire cold expansion process allowed the comparison with FE-predicted strains, both in terms of residual and maximum strains. This approach is not present in literature, neither for aluminium nor for steel. The results, in terms of trend and magnitude, show that strains in both the experiments and the FE simulations are generally consistent, confirming the reliability of the FE model. In addition, a sensitivity study is presented for different levels of cold expansion. The results can be exploited to develop an a priori prediction of the residual stresses near the hole surface, aiming to an improvement of fatigue strength.

Covid emergency provides to health care managers rapidly changing and challenging scenarios, where severe and impacting decisions have to be suddenly taken The paper discusses the next possible managerial steps: Covid pick overcoming, downsizing of Covid capacity and the implementation of separate clinical settings for Covid and Covid-free patients, the activation of a task force for immediate intervention for possible new outbreaks, the no-Covid waiting lists management There are also at least three permanent critical processes to tackle: building a collective narrative about the events in order to foster a new organizational identity, preparing some extra capacity for new picks and for service flexibility, managing litigations For each step and process, the paper discusses possible managerial challenges Copyright © FrancoAngeli

The current paper moves from the awareness that the literature on accounting change, especially for the public sector, is still inconclusive and leaves room for more inquiry, because of a compartmentalized approach to the understanding of these phenomena. Thus, the aim of the current paper is to realize a review of the studies on accounting change in public sector, identifying the approaches (i.e. mainstream, critical and interpretive) and focusing on the determinants of such processes, to enucleate in the debate the issues of accountability, power and politics, context and culture, as well as complexity, thus overcoming the existing lack of systematic comprehension. This will allow us to offer a bases for a unitary view of these phenomena, better encompassing the effects of those internal and external forces mounding change. Methodologically, the paper employs a systematic review approach to gather data, then analyzed by means of a linear regression.

The aim of this paper is to illustrate similarities and differences in the conceptualisation of depression by Polish and Italian authors of blogs and/or posts, who experienced the disease. The analyses presented in the paper are mainly based on the cognitive theory of metaphor by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson and constitute a part of a wider research topic regarding the differences in conceptualisation of depression depending on such factors as: language, discourse, kind and personal experience of the author concerning the state of depression. The study revealed that the dominant metaphors of depression in the analysed texts, in both languages, are: depression is an enemy and depression is a bad life companion. Moreover, the second of them is a typical way/manner of representing depression by the people who experience or have experienced it. Other metaphors that occur either in Polish or in Italian texts are: depression is a location (and its more specific representation depression is an oppressive place) often situated down and taking the form of a container, depression is dark / darkness and depression is burden. The most vivid dissimilarity between the analysed languages concerns the existence of the conceptualisations in which depression is valued as positive in the Polish texts and their absence in the Italian ones, whilst the most common differences are the ones regarding specific representations of the common, more general metaphor.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how bonding (i.e. tightly knit, emotionally close social relationships) and bridging social capital (i.e. outward looking open social relationships) affect opportunity recognition and innovation implementation in a cultural network of firms, investigating the main benefits of and drawbacks to both bonding and bridging social capital. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a case study of a cultural network of firms which share the same norms, principles and values. The method adopted is content analysis of qualitative data. Findings The authors find that in cultural network bridging social capital facilitates experimentation and combination of ideas from distant sources, while bonding social capital, which underpins the need for more conformity, is more effective for supporting innovation implementation. Innovation results from the interplay between the two dimensions of social capital, and each dimension contributes to the final outcome in a distinct and unique way. Research limitations/implications There are some limitations which arise from the case study methodology; the limited set of industries analysed affects the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications The research has some practical implications for firms that belong to cultural networks. It offers suggestions about how to manage social relationships in different stages of the innovation process. Originality/value The authors examine the effects of bonding and bridging social capital on innovation in a cultural network of firms. The authors show that in a cultural network, different moments in the innovation process require different efforts related to the firm’s network relationships.

The aim of the paper is to analyse the interaction effect corruption play in the relation between ownership structure and firm performance. This paper analyses whether and how the Corruption Perception Index affects the relationship between corporate performance and ownership structure in 2,035 firms operating in eight European countries (Denmark, Sweden, Germany, France, Finland, The Netherland, Italy, and Spain) during 2010-2017 period (10,915 firm year observations). Our findings show that level of corruption perceived by investors is relevant to the relationship between ownership concentration and firm performance. This result suggests that institutional context variables should be taken into consideration from corporate governance scholars in their empirical investigations. The contribution of the paper is twofold: first, our results evidence the relevant role played by the interaction effects between firm-level and country-level variables; second, it suggests important managerial and policy implications related to the interaction between internal and external corporate governance mechanisms.

Purpose of the paper: This paper investigates the phenomenon of the sharing economy, exploring how business model innovation can be used in the car sharing industry. Methodology: The research was conducted as a multiple case study, with semistructured interviews. Results: The research contributes to management studies by introducing a theoretical framework for business model innovation in the sharing economy industry. Research limitations: being an explorative research, the limitations relate to the lack of generalizability of the cases. Practical implications: The authors propose a framework that can be adopted by sharing economy startups and companies that want to operate in this industry. Originality of the study: This paper contributes to the debate on the sharing economy and business model innovation by providing a model for companies operating in the sharing economy and specifically in the car sharing industry.

Purpose of the paper: The aim of this paper is to identify bank’s characteristics that have an impact on credit supply to firms that have obtained the legality rating. Methodology: The methodological framework includes statistical and econometric approaches, such as principal component analysis, OLS and Tobit models. Findings: The analysis shows that an improvement of bank’s performance, expressed in terms of net income and cash flows, ensures an increase in the share of loans granted by banks to firms with legality ratings, on total credit demanded by the same firms. Being part of a banking group has a positive effect on the same share of credit, contrary to what happens for cooperative or popular banks. Research limits: The main limitations of the research are attributale to: the size of the sample analysed, associated to the reduced number of bank’s characteristics included in the analysis; the lack of credit demand’s characteristics; the limited number of years, because the regulation regarding the observed phenomenon was introduced in 2014. Practical implications: The study shows that an increased focus by banks on intangible assets of firms is influenced by their performance and their structural characteristics. Originality of the paper: The existing management literature suffers from a lack of a line of research on the legality rating. In this context, the innovative aspect of this study consists in providing many ideas to be developed in future researches.

Purpose of the paper: The purpose of the paper is to investigate marketing alliances in the tourism context, with particular attention to the Italian tour operators sector. In particular, this study explores: a) the diffusion degree of cooperative strategies among the tour operators ; b) the goals pursued, by the critical success actors, c) the advantages achieved and d) the degree of satisfaction generated by them. Methodology: The research adopts mixed methods: a) a semi-structured in-depth interview with a key player in the processes of organising co-marketing initiatives; b) participant observation at an important Italian tour operator; c) a survey addressed to the main Italian tour operators. Findings: The study has highlighted important benefits for companies that adopt co-marketing strategies in the tour operating sector, but also shortcomings in specialist skills concerning the management of co-marketing processes. Practical implications: This paper provides useful information for the implementation of a co-marketing strategy in the tour operating sector. Originality of the paper: The main element of originality concerns the field of phenomenon observation choice: the strategic alliances in the tourism intermediation sector, a phenomenon which has not been very much explored so fat.. Research limits: The main limit is due to the difficulty of carrying out significant in-depth studies deriving from the use of descriptive statistics, given the small number of respondents.

Purpose of the paper: The aim of the paper is to deepen the managerial perspectives towards consumer-brand engagement strategies (CBE) by developing an original integrative framework based upon two key players’ categories within the marketing communication network: enterprises (‘clicks-and-mortar’ and ‘pure play’) and agencies (traditional and digital). Methodology: Following an exploratory inductive and qualitative approach, we have drawn upon 44 in-depth interviews with marketing and communication experts (consultants and managers). Qualitative data was analysed through a thematic content analysis. Findings: The findings show similarities and specificities in the managerial perspectives towards CBE depending both on the players’ category and the digital orientation. Research limits: This paper is not exempt from limitations, especially related to the qualitative and exploratory nature of the study, and the results cannot be generalised. Practical implications: The results offer useful suggestions to the different players studied (clicks-and-mortar, pure play enterprises, digital and traditional agencies) with the aim to improve the effectiveness of the CBE strategies. Originality of the paper: Previous research on CBE mainly focused on the analysis of the consumer’s point of view. Focusing on different types of enterprises and agencies, our study provides the first academic contribution to the understanding of the managerial point of view within an original conceptual framework that integrates multiple key issues faced in developing CBE strategies.

Introduction This paper on narrative-based medicine (NBM) is divided into two articles. The concept of NBM has been developed over the last decades to bring the biomedical aspects of illness and treatment closer to the psychosocial aspects and life experiences related to illness. Purpose To identify and summarize the evidence and concepts of NBM in nephrology. Methods Review of studies based on a literature search in 6 databases. Results Thirty-five papers were included in the review, none of which were quantitative. Discussion The narrative approach applied to a nephrology context seeks to shed light on the life experiences related to kidney disease by collecting, through structured and semistructured interviews, stories from patients, caregivers and health care providers. Some of the main topics emerging in the first article are the lack of a “disease identity” that allows patients to identify with the specific status of kidney disease; uncertainty as a dominant feature of living with an illness characterized by continuous progression and regression; the “unspeakable”, referring to all those aspects for which there is no room for expression in the care relationship, such as living with the risk of dying, experiences that are difficult to put into words, and everything related to mystery, faith and the inexplicable. Conclusions This review shows the importance of exploring the disturbing aspects of life for patients with chronic renal failure. Knowledge of these aspects can help health care providers improve the quality and effectiveness of the therapeutic relationship and ensure that the patient will not feel isolated but at the center of the care process. Narrative medicine, as will be highlighted in the second article, is also aimed at health care providers in order to investigate their experiences, which are often characterized by situations of suffering and discomfort. The narrative approach in nephrology could be supported by further research into the therapeutic abilities of narration in the care relationship.

Purpose of paper : This paper aims at building a bridge among management studies, natural sciences and ecological economics. Concepts such as ecosystem services and biodiversity are introduced with the purpose to provide a new perspective to sustainability management. Methodology : The paper is theoretical. Constructs and tools developed in other disciplines are illustrated and discussed in order to provide a new knowledge platform to management studies. Results : The main results are: a) a theoretical framework to illustrate the relation of interdependence between the firm with the social-ecological systems; b) an exam of the most important economic tools developed to protect ecosystem services and biodiversity; c) analyze the main implications of the management of the firm. Limits of the study : This is a first study aiming at opening new research avenues both theoretical and empirical. Qualitative (e.g. case studies) and quantitative research can stem from this contribution. Practical implications : The theoretical framework and the economic tools analyzed in this paper provide several hints and suggestions to develop a more environmentally sustainable management strategy. Novelty of the paper : The paper broadens managerial literature introducing new constructs and concepts from natural sciences. This new perspective helps to position the firm into the social-ecological system, favoring a more coherent interpretation of the relation of interdependence with the natural environment.

Lo scopo del paper è quello di evidenziare gli elementi principali di un modello di management del settore sportivo in grado di valorizzare il potenziale educativo di tale settore. Ad oggi lo sport ha assunto, in modo sempre più marcato, i connotati di un ambiente economico che è soggetto al rispetto delle leggi di mercato ed è influenzato dalle dinamiche del “business”. Ciò, non deve però rappresentare un limite alla capacità di favorire uno sviluppo educativo insita nell'attività sportiva. A tal proposito, viene proposto un approccio gestionale che, basandosi su determinati valori culturali e sociali dello sport, è in grado di stimolare una crescita della collettività dal punto di vista educativo e formativo. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the main elements of a management model of the sporting sector capable of enhancing the educational potential of this sector. Today the sport has assumed, more and more evidently, the connotations of an economic environment that is subject to compliance with the laws of the market and is influenced by the business dynamics. This assumption should not represent a limit to the capacity to promote an educational development inherent in the sporting activity. In this regard, it is proposed a management approach, that thanks to certain cultural and social values of sport, is able to stimulate a growth of the Community from the point of view of education and formation.

Questo contributo intende indagare le strategie di costruzione dell’effetto di realta e di verita nel graphic novel. Attraverso l’analisi di Anne Frank. La biografia a fumetti, si proporra una riflessione sugli elementi costitutivi dell’atto di testimoniare, sui concetti di documento e memoria archiviata elaborati da Paul Ricoeur (2000), e sullo sforzo di un certo romanzo a fumetti di far si che cio di cui si racconta venga riconosciuto come autentico. Si tratta di riflettere sul rapporto tra la costruzione di un’illusione fittizia e lo svelamento dell’artificiosita di un testo complesso, questione che mette in gioco il discorso sulcredere e sul contratto fiduciario. This paper aims to investigate the discursive strategies that produce the effect of sense of reality and truth in the graphic novel. Through the analysis of a representative graphic novel, The Anne Frank House Authorized Graphic Biography, this paper proposes a reflection on the constitutive elements of the act of witnessing, in view of Ricoeur’s concepts of document and archived memory (2000) and on the effort to ensure that what it is said will be recognized as authentic. From this perspective, we can reflect on the relationship between the construction of a fictional illusion and the unveiling of the artificiality of a complex text, characterized by a heterogeneity of elements, which calls into question the discourse on truth-believing and fiduciary contract.

I den norske stortingsmeldingen «Fag – Fordypning – Forståelse. En fornyelse av Kunnskapsløftet» er «bærekraftig utvikling» ett av tre tverrfaglige temaer som skal gi retning til fornyelse av skolefagene. Sammenlignet med resten av Skandinavia har bærekraftig utvikling så langt hatt en mindre forpliktende stilling i norsk skole. Bakgrunnen for dette er sammensatt, og skyldes forhold både i og utenfor skolen. Spørsmålet som diskuteres her, er hvordan den nye satsningen på utdanning for bærekraftig utvikling kan gi temaet en mer aktiv rolle i framtidens norske skole enn det vi har sett til nå. I den sammenheng ser vi spesielt på spenninger implisitt i begrepet bærekraftig utvikling, forholdet mellom dybdelæring og tverrfaglighet, samt betydningen av handlinger og erfaringer som fremmer en bærekraftig utvikling. Konklusjonen er at det er tvilsomt om fokusering på «big ideas» og kjerneelementer i fagene (stortingsmeldingens anbefalinger) i seg selv vil lede til den tverrfaglige, systemiske forståelsen og kompetansen som er nødvendig for å leve bærekraftige liv i framtidens samfunn. Som alternativ tilnærming foreslår vi å ta utgangspunkt i tidens store spørsmål: det vi lurer på i dag.Nøkkelord: utdanning for bærekraftig utvikling, dybdelæring, tverrfaglighet, læreplaner, Norge Sustainable development, interdisciplinarity and deep learning: from big ideas to big questionsAbstractThe Norwegian White Paper “Fag – Fordypning – Forståelse. En fornyelse av Kunnskapsløftet” [Subjects – Immersion – Understanding. A Renewal of the Knowledge Promotion] states that sustainable development is to be one of three interdisciplinary themes that should guide and inform the renewal of subjects in Norwegian K12 education. Compared to the rest of Scandinavia, education for sustainable development, ESD, has so far been relatively weakly implemented in the Norwegian school system. This is due to complex relations both in and outside of schools. The question discussed in this paper is whether the new initiative for sustainability promises a more effective implementation in the Norwegian “school of the future” than we have seen so far. We elucidate tensions implicit in the concept of sustainable development, the relationship between deep learning and interdisciplinarity, and the significance of actions and experiences that foster sustainable development. Our conclusion is that it is doubtful whether focusing on “big ideas” and core elements in the school subjects (as recommended in the White Paper), in itself will lead to the cross-disciplinary, systemic outlook and competency needed to lead sustainable lives in the future. As an alternative approach, we recommend starting with the big questions of our time: issues we wonder about today.Keywords: education for sustainability, deep learning, interdisciplinarity, national curricula, Norway

Purpose of the paper: This paper aims to explore the organizational health literacy of pharmacies, which are believed to perform as critical patient navigators in the health care arena. Organizational health literacy is understood as the ability of health care organizations to establish clear and comfortable relationships with their patients, involving them in a co-creating partnership. Methodology: A comparative research design was arranged. Two convenience samples of pharmacies operating in two regional sub-systems of the Italian National Health Service (INHS) were built. Sixty units of analysis were included in the study; their organizational health literacy was examined in absolute and comparative terms. Results: The units of analysis were aware of their role in enabling patients, but they did not conceive organizational health literacy as being either a strategic or a managerial tool to enhance their ability to empower patients and engage them in value co-creation. Research limitations: Since the research concerned two convenience, non-representative samples, it is not possible to claim the findings’ generalizability. Practical implications: Organizational health literacy should be conceived as a core idea inspiring pharmacies’ activities. In particular, health literacy should be dealt with as a driver to raise the awareness of the pharmacy’s role in enhancing the effectiveness and the appropriateness of care. Originality of the paper: The scientific literature has focused most of its attention on the process of patient enablement; in contrast, the role of health care organizations in empowering patients has been overlooked. This is one of the first attempts to examine the organizational health literacy of pharmacies, investigating their ability to perform as patients’ navigators.

The paper focuses on the technological inventions made by the artist Michele Sambin during his activity with the Tam Teatromusica theater group, founded in 1980 together with Pierangela Allegro and Laurent Dupont. Since 1970s Michele Sambin has been conducting a research across multiple artistic territories – painting, music, cinema, video, performance and theater –, recombining their codes in the idea of probing the possibilities of relationship and conflict between images and sounds. This peculiar interdisciplinary approach is combined with the constant interest in subverting and reinventing the technological tools available on the marketplace. While taking into account the historical-critical contexts and the linguistic and aesthetic changes that have marked the various decades of the Italian and international theatrical practices from the 1980s till today, the analysis attempts to restore the richness of the artist’s experiments, assuming as lines guides the technical and technological inventions that from time to time have forged the conceptual and aesthetic dimensions of Tam Teatromusica’s performances. However, reading the history of this group through the lens of the technological devices used, does not mean considering its artistic production as a deterministic response to technological innovation, it means shifting the emphasis on the interrelation between the technical and expressive possibilities of the tools, the discourses that orient their uses and practices that reinterpret their values, discarding their underlying ideologies.

In the last decades, the energy policy of European Union (EU) has fostered the use of biomass from forests and outside forests for energy purposes. Firstly, the Green Paper on renewable energies of the European Commission, then, the Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, the objectives of reducing the greenhouses gases (GHG) emissions and increasing the share of final consumption covered by renewable sources have been established. In this context, the present study investigated the flow of wood residues for energy use in the Trentino province - involving 82 wood processing enterprises (74% of total enterprises) and 22 biomass energy plants (85% of total biomass energy plants) - and quality of raw material used. The results show that in the Trentino province 100% of wood residues produced by wood processing enterprises are sold in the market (90.6%) or re-used within the enterprise (9.4%). Concerning the biomass sold on the market, 46% of wood biomass is marketed within the Trentino province, while 54% is marketed outside the province (Bolzano province, Veneto and Lombardy region). The biomass energy plants mainly use woodchips from forest and sawmills (86%), while sawdust and bark cover the remaining 10% and 4%, respectively. The biomass energy plants sample involved in the survey buys mainly raw material from traders (42.5%) followed by wood processing enterprises (34.3%) and forest enterprises (23.2%). Regarding the quality of wood biomass, only 54.5% of biomass energy plants sample checks the water content, while 41% buy certified woodchips. The results of this study highlight that forest-wood chain in the Trentino province is efficient in re-using wood residues produced in accordance with the principles of the circular bioeconomy, while there are still margins for improvement about the controls of the quality of raw materials used and to enhance of wood products of high added value (bio-textiles, bio-plastics).

The introduction of modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) was one of the most remarkable innovations of recent decades. ICT brings with it a remarkable technological background that conveys all kinds of information and multimedia content with a significant change in human-technology interaction and significant implications also in the health sector. The constant process of digitization is increasingly affecting national health systems (SSN) and they turn out to be influenced by the process itself, where the literature shows itself in favor of the use of technologies in health, improving their effectiveness and efficiency. These include eHealth, Telemedicine, Electronic Health File, Big Data, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, ePrescription. The technologies allow, even remotely, to have an always active and direct contact, between the various professionals, and between professionals and users, and are also useful for the training of both healthcare professionals and users themselves. The use of technology in the healthcare sector should therefore be encouraged as it allows direct contacts between users and healthcare personnel, speed and correlation of data analysis, tracking, time and cost savings, reduction of errors and a positive environmental impact with a reduction in the use of printed paper. For all the points listed, the technological revolution in hospital and territorial care can no longer be postponed.

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) is a rare genetic disease due to the peripheral resistance to aldosterone. Clinical spectrum with neonatal onset includes salt loss, hyponatremia, hypochloraemia, hyperkalaemia, metabolic acidosis and increased plasmatic levels of aldosterone. Two forms of the disease - renal and systemic – have been described, which are genetically distinct and with wide clinical expressivity. The most severe generalized PHA1 is caused by mutations in the genes encoding for the subunits of the epithelial sodium channels (ENaC). The paper reports the case of a newborn of the first pregnancy of healthy and consanguineous Sicilian parents, with a clinical and hormonal picture compatible with the diagnosis of generalized PHA1. A novel SCNN1A gene mutation, inherited from both heterozygous, was identified by next generation sequencing (NGS) in the homozygous child. The neonatologist should consider a diagnosis of PHA1 in case of hyponatremia, hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis. The diagnostic suspicion was confirmed by the increased plasmatic levels of aldosterone and aldosterone/renin ratio, associated to a poor response to steroid administration. The treatment is based on high doses of sodium chloride, fludrocortisone and glucocorticoids, insulin and ion exchange resins. It may be useful to reduce potassium intake with the use of special formulas. The clinician must gradually balance the doses of drugs on the basis of electrolyte and hormone levels. A multi-disciplinary team and close follow-up evaluations are needed for optimal management of such patients. The present report may broaden the knowledge of the genetic and molecular bases of disease, by improving its clinical characterization and providing useful indications for the treatment of patients. Clinical approach must be personalized, also in relation to long survival and potential multi-organ complications.

In this paper, spatial, architectural, and infrastructural solutions will be discussed as possible answers to reduce stress, nervous breakdown, and burnout risks caused by the lockdown. The pandemic has forced millions of people to share spaces and functions in the same environment leading to significant psychophysical discomfort. We propose alternative scenarios, actions, and policies declined in an inter-scalar way (territorial, urban, and domestic) through the biophilic design approach. Through the proposal and analysis of some cases – considered best practices – we show how the connection with the natural elements can become the cornerstone of a healing process, also supported by public interventions of digital infrastructure.

This paper aims to shed new light on the important role played by vision in the Dererum natura, by examining Lucretius’ use of metaphorical references to mountains in hisexplanation of the celestial meteora in book 6. This imagery firstly occurs at 6,156–159 whereLucretius employs the metaphor montes nimborum: this first image provides a starting point forthe development of a remarkable cluster of metaphors and similes, which expands the mountainimagery and links it with other metaphorical references (wild beasts, metallurgy). Interestingly,these images seem to stem from Epicurean meteorology itself, which accorded to mountains animportant role in the formation of clouds. The close link between this complex imagery andEpicurus’ theories, thus, offers an excellent example of Lucretius’ will of overcoming hismaster’s hostility towards poetry by shaping a poem that intimately reflected the Epicureantruth.

In order to answer the call of Agenda 2030 (UN, 2015), higher education must assist in giving form to a new society in which democracy is cultivated in both the minds and practices of our society. A democratic education is the answer to the challenges of contemporary society, which is characterized by indifference and an unwillingness to engage for the common good. Educational practices are often aligned to this trend so that they are planned with the aim of developing competences useful for individual success and the economic improvement of society. It is necessary to envision a new design for higher education that promotes in people the disposition to engage in the construction of a society where everyone has an equal opportunity to live a good and fulfilling life. Useful for this purpose can be a rediscovery of the classical position of Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle that present virtue and ethics as a theoretical framework for education. This framework can be used as a foundation upon which to renew academic practices by planning and designing experiences able to translate theory into actions. Service learning is an interesting model that would allow for this and would guide practices that support a democratic education informed by virtue and ethics. If useful for redirecting higher education, service learning is particularly suitable for educating teachers, the practitioners who have a great responsibility for transforming society through education. In this paper, after developing the appropriate theoretical framework, we present, as an example of service learning, the Community Research Service Learning experience carried out at the University of Verona in the Primary Teacher Education master's degree program. Keywords: higher education; service

This paper focuses on the experience in ECEC services during the Covid-19 pandemic. Educational work changed following disruption of its conventional forms. Implemented at a distance, it dematerialized and migrated to space-time coordinates that were far removed from the previously known and established. One key challenge for educators was managing the absence of direct contact with children and parents, now become faces with whom to dialogue via a screen. Despite the frightening, inhibiting, even intimidating nature of these developments, many educators and teachers have valued the role of parents as “natural educators”, meanwhile meeting the challenge by working with renewed commitment, within novel, and mutable, boundaries.

Mepolizumab, a monoclonal antibody blocking IL-5, is efficacious in the treatment of severe lung diseases sharing eosinophilic inflammation pattern. The paper describes two cases in which the drug was used with excellent results. The first involved a 14-year-old boy with obliterative bronchiolitis, the other an 11-year-old girl with non-atopic asthma. Both cases shared the eosinophilic phenotype of the disease, defined by an eosinophilic count in the peripheral blood equal to or greater than 2% (i.e. a baseline value of 150-200 cells/µl or 300 cells/µl during the previous year). Its use demonstrates clinical improvement in severe refractory asthma with eosinophilic phenotype and as off-label drug in obliterative bronchiolitis, leading to a decrease in the rate of exacerbations and enabling the reduction of corticosteroids as well as the resolution of structural anomalies, respectively.

Introduction: Dedicated Funds for Innovative Medicines were introduced in 2017 for cancer and non-cancer drugs in Italy. After three years, their impact on patient access to the relevant treatments and critical issues about their management has been poorly investigated. Aims and scope. This paper aims at bridging the literature gap and providing possible reforms scenarios. Methods: Our analysis relied on a qualitative approach. The personal opinions of twelve Italian experts coming from the Ministry of Economy and Finance, the Scientific Committee of the Italian Medicines Agency, the Regions and Patient Associations, the Oncologists’ Scientific Societies and Hospital Pharmacists were elicited through a Delphi approach. A consensus on final recommendations was reached in two rounds. Results: Experts were in favour of maintaining dedicated Funds for Innovative Medicines and had a distinct preference for a single Fund. Most of them suggested to extend access to Funds to more than three years, if, for the relevant indication, there are no alternatives to the innovative drug and provided that this does not represent a barrier to new entries. Responders advocated for Funds being covered by on top resources and the production of more evidence on their impact. They finally claimed a speeder flow of information to the regions on expenditure for innovative treatments and an enhancement of controls on prescribing behaviour, to avoid prescriptions be dependent on Funds capacity. Conclusions: The consensus document provides for eight recommendations that could be taken into account for possible reforms and future research on this topic.

Recent scholarship has recognized some thematic connections related to onto-cosmological issues between two late Platonic dialogues, such as Philebus and Timaeus, and has tried to explain them in different ways. The aim of this paper is to contribute to such a debate by analysing an ancient exegesis of Timaeus 35a1-b4, that of Plutarch of Chaeronea, which made use of the ontological sections of the Philebus (16c-17a and 23c-27c) in his treatise on the cosmogony of the Timaeus. More specifically, this analysis will show that the notions of ‘limit’ and ‘unlimitedness’ played a decisive role in the shaping of the “essence” of the world-soul according to Plutarch.

Purpose This paper aims to explore the extent to which Covid-19 has challenged work habits and outcomes. The authors argue that after the lockdown period workers have been experiencing a new work mode called “Covid-working”. The aim is to provide a first interpretation of this phaenomenon and elaborate on future real estate strategies and workplace policies based on this experience. Design/methodology/approach Using survey data, this research analyses Covid-working in a large-sized company in Italy. The survey was answered by 90 employees and addresses three domains: locations of work; a comparison between work-from-home (WFH) and work from the office; and outcomes of Covid-working vs office-working. Findings With Covid-working, the workers of the case company drastically changed their traditional work from the office approach to pure WFH. While this abrupt switch might generate difficulties in adaptation, this working practice was generally appreciated by this company’s workers. Positive and negative outcomes of Covid-working confirm previous studies on remote working. Recommendations on multi-location of work, new value for the headquarters and diversity empowerment open up avenues for future real estate strategies. Originality/value Observations on Covid-working are still limited and mainly appear on grey literature, due to the newness of this phaenomenon. Empirical studies such as the proposed one can increase companies’ awareness of the positive and negative outcomes of this experience and support their future workplace strategies.

Based on free access and open collaboration among peers, Wikipedia represents a source of information for media, web contents and even for academic literature. Its popularity rises up many hypothesis and questions about its present organization and future development. The quality of information is one of the main concerns: how would a common based peer production environment guarantee at the same time the openness of its organization and a good level of accreditation? Which aspects of the project have more influence on quality? The paper investigates the quality’s assessment processes in the Vetrina section (Featured Articles) of it.wiki (Italian Wikipedia) in order to define its social rules, policies and principles. Thanks to a qualitative analysis carried out through in-depth interviews and through a period of ethnographic observation, the paper also compares empirical results with theoretical hypothesis related to Wikipedia’s quality accreditation.

Purpose of the paper: This paper aims to demonstrate how a type of cultural heritage such an archival collection can be turned into a non-conventional museum, which would not be based upon the exhibition of objects, but on the transmission of knowledge using the mechanism of storytelling. Methodology : The paper analyses the case of the Historical Archives of the Banco di Napoli, which is part of the Foundation of the same name, and in particular on its museum project called ilCartastorie. Results : The paper allows a model to be made from this experience, with a transferable approach to cultural heritage contexts involving printed material (essentially archives and libraries), by delineating a conceptual and operative framework for the creation of historical museums which primarily use the technique of storytelling. Research limitations: In light of the fact that this is the presentation of a single case study, the limitation of the research lies in the specificity of the subject matter of the research and its condition as a private holder of cultural heritage which is of interest to the public; from this point of view, the principles of transferability may clash with the regulatory and procedural limits found in the public sector, which holds a large part of the cultural heritage found in archives and libraries. Practical implications : From an operational point of view, this paper provides the essential coordinates to be applied to the promotional model, while adapting them to other contexts. Originality of the paper: Traditional archives very rarely and in completely different ways move towards an integrated project of promotion and, when applied, it is usually based on the mechanism of “exposition” of the archival documents and not on the narrative process of the content of those same documents. The originality of this paper lies essentially in the specificity of the subject matter of the research: an archival collection which uses storytelling for the transmission of knowledge.

In questo articolo vengono presentati i primi risultati della ricerca GRASS (Riflessione Grammaticale a Scuola: il Soggetto Sintattico), che ha coinvolto 444 tra alunni e studenti dalla scuola primaria al primo anno di università e 16 insegnanti. Muovendo da alcune riflessioni generali sull’insegnamento della grammatica nella scuola italiana, la cui criticità sta, fra l’altro, nella scarsa considerazione degli usi linguistici reali nello sviluppo della riflessione metalinguistica, l’articolo tratta nello specifico alcuni aspetti emersi dalla ricerca. Innanzitutto, la confusione tra funzione grammaticale e referenza, ben testimoniata dalle espressioni incongrue e idiosincratiche usate dagli informanti per esplicitare i soggetti individuati in un testo. Poi, i giudizi di grammaticalità rispetto a frasi dell’italiano contenenti casi problematici di accordo verbo-soggetto. Infine, l’analisi delle definizioni esplicite di soggetto fornite da alunni e studenti, che forniscono indicazioni sulla sottostante nozione di soggetto così come viene appresa nel corso della scolarizzazione. Il saggio si conclude con alcune riflessioni su come ricerche di questo tipo possano avere ricadute in termini di formazione degli insegnanti e di pratiche didattiche. The paper discusses some preliminary results of the research project GRASS - Grammar Reflection at School: Syntactic Subject, which involved 444 junior and senior students from lower to higher education grades and 16 teachers. Starting from some general remarks on the current state of grammar teaching in the Italian school system, particularly critical as far as real speech, discourse and metalinguistic awareness are concerned, the paper highlights and discusses three main critical issues: a)the confusion between (con)textual reference and grammatical function, well attested by thediverse and incongruous ways used by the respondents to identify and represent the subject of sentences from a text; b) the pupils’ and students’ grammaticality judgements on verb and subject agreement, especially in cases of semantic/syntactic mismatch; c) the relation between the respondents’ explicit definitions of grammatical subject and the emerging underlying notions that characterize the different stages of Italian education as far as primary vs. secondary schools are concerned. Finally, some conclusions are drawn on the possible outcomes that this type of research can have in terms of teachers’ training and teaching practices.

Purpose of the paper: In this work, we analyze the role of pre-divestiture performance on the divestiture’s value creation in the context of European countries. Specifically, we explore the existence of potential interaction effects between pre-divestiture performance and the presence of blockholder and the degree of relatedness between the divesting firm core business and the divested business unit. Methodology: Econometric analysis on a unique dataset of 147 divestitures across thirteen countries is used to test the hypotheses. Findings: The pre-divestiture performance of the parent firm moderates the impact of both the blockholder and the relatedness on the parent’s post divestiture performance. Our findings indicate that when prior performance is higher, the impact of the presence of a blockhdolder on parent performance is less positive, while the impact of unrelatedness between the divesting firm’s core business and the divested business unit is less negative. Research limits: While our empirical analysis controls for the two most common modes of divestiture - spinoffs and sell-offs, we were not able to focus on homogeneous samples of divestiture deal types. Future work might more systematically test for differences across these modes, for instance through separate samples. Practical Implication: From a managerial point of view, executives need to be aware that divestiture strategies do not only represent tools to remedy to wrong managerial decisions, but rather can also be used to pursue the firm’s growth. Moreover, they should consider that ownership structure and relatdness may affect the performance of the divestiture deal in ways that are dependent on the pre-divestiture performance. This may lead managers to modify the timing and overall design of their divestiture strategies. Originality of the paper: Our study contributes to the divestiture literature by addressing the research gap on the determinants of the parent performance in European countries through a focus on pre-divestiture performance.

Purpose of the paper : This paper aims at testing a self-assessment tool based on the EFQM Business Excellence Model, with the purpose of supporting companies in the continuous improvement of their procurement process. Methodology : We have carried out an exploratory factor analysis and then a path analysis on a sample of 118 companies, selected from a large database gathering the outcomes of a self-assessment process run in the procurement departments of multinational companies. Results: the paper shows that the system of “enablers” and “results”, developed by the EFQM Business Excellence Model, can be a solid reference model to evaluate the maturity level of the Purchasing Department and to drive the investments and actions aimed at improving its performances. Limitations : the self-assessment tool discussed in this study is based on the use of questionnaire items assessed on Likert scales. Thus, future empirical investigations should be conducted to confirm the validity of the EFQM model in the procurement area also through quantitative indicators. Managerial Implications : the self-assessment tool presented in this paper is an effective approach to observe the correlation between operational actions/decisions of the Purchasing Department and the economic performance of the company; moreover it is an approach that can be easily implemented over time and that can facilitate benchmarking activities (among companies, branches of the same enterprise etc.). Originality of the paper : the originality refers to the use of a methodology, grounded in the quality management practices and literature, in the procurement Processes, where the discussion on the performance Measurement Systems is still open.

The following work is part of a research aimed at investigate how to involve parametric software in the design of contemporary dwelling, in a process of urban regeneration which starts from the transformation of residential buildings of the last century in order to provide new forms of living able to accommodate different categories of users and respond directly to their needs.In particular, this paper intends to present an application, developed starting from the study of Tour Bois Le Prêtre transformation project designed by Lacaton & Vassal, which aims translating the main design choices in the parameters of an algorithm able to reproduce the logics of the intervention.The objective of the research is to focus on a set of parameters to be used for the development of a software useful for dwelling design, in which the project is direct result of the analysis of specific conditions and users needs.

Renal transplantation (RTx) is at the moment the best therapy for end stage renal disease. In recent years, the increase of the global knowledge about immunology and RTx complications allowed a significant increase in the duration of RTx and in patients’ survival. RTx ultrasound gives to transplant clinicians the possibility of carrying out a structural monitoring of the graft from the beginning throughout the duration of the RTx. Then, ultrasound is a first-level method that all clinicians should be able to perform and interpret. In this paper we will present some basic concepts about the ultrasound image of the “healthy” transplanted kidney, relating them to the main pathological pictures that may occur during a clinical-ultrasound monitoring of the RTx. Finally, some concepts regarding the use and usefulness of ultrasound with contrast media (CEUS) in the evaluation and the follow-up of RTx will be discussed.

In order to analyze the Italian educational policy since the school lockdown of March 2020, the paper uses as a lens the Dewey's vision of the continuum between means and ends. The article examines the reopening policy of in-presence activities wondering if public opinion and educational policy have conceived the return in-presence as ends-in-view or as an absolute end-in-itself.

Introduction: Anal fistula is an abnormal pathway that connects the anorectal tract to the perianal skin. The Park’s classification describes four different types of anal fistulas depending on their links with the sphincter apparatus. In this paper, we report an interesting case of post-traumatic complex trans-sphincteric fistula treated with VAAFT procedure. Case Presentation: A 60-year-old-male patient, from an accidental fall, developed a gluteal abscess with a high trans-sphincteric anal fistula and a secondary tract leading to a large second abscess located in the right ischiorectal fossa. An abscess incision was done, and a draining seton was placed in another Institution. The patient came to our Hospital and underwent surgery using Video Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment (VAAFT) procedure. Conclusions: VAAFT is an effective and safe procedure for complex anal fistula, even when they have a post-traumatic origin.

The paper aims at proposing a digital project based on the creation of a platform through which to explore the historical soundscape of early modern Modena. Thanks to the use of state-of-the-art web development tools and Geographic Information Systems, the platform will feature an interactive search and navigation environment, plus an interactive map with geo-localized objects and events. This will offer the chance to have new points of view to study a city and its spectacular development. Our project also intends to propose a multidisciplinary model for historical research and provide new ideas for the enhancement of cultural heritage., magazén

In the last decades, public organisations have been subject to several institutional changes, aimed at increasing their efficiency through the introduction of management control tools. The proliferation of management accounting tools planned for public companies has not always generated a corresponding diffusion of these tools in practice, widening the gap between theoretical models and practice. This gap is due to the divergence between meanings and roles assigned to performance measurement by theoretical models and practical dimensions. Focusing on the Local government context, this paper aims to understand the practical relevance of performance measurement systems in public organizations, verifying how these systems can affect the logics and behaviours of actors involved in the decision making process. The theoretical insights coming from literature review are used to interpret the practical relevance of performance measurement systems in a case study of a Local government placed in the South of Italy. The empirical evidence showed that the actors’ interests and objectives can affect the Performance Plan contents and its implementation, activating interpretive processes that are not always consistent with the underlying logics to which the measurement should be inspired. The case study showed how the practical relevance of the performance Plans is greater for those projects in which there was a sharing of the measurement meanings by political and administrative actors, which affects the definition of the Performance Plan contents and its implementation.

This paper investigates whether product market competition indicators can be used to enhance bankruptcy prediction models. Using a sample of Italian private firms in the period 2009-2014, we test if an increase in product market competi-tion (measured by product market fluidity) is associated to higher likelihood of fi-nancial default. The study also assesses whether prediction models using competi-tion measures have higher predictive ability, compared to those using standard in-dustry controls. The empirical findings show that the product market fluidity has a positive and significant association with the likelihood of bankruptcy. The findings also show that the prediction model augmented with fluidity is more accurate and exhibit lower levels of either Type I and Type II errors. Type I errors are of particular im-portance as they are related to the misclassification of default firms as healthy firms. This error is responsible of severe investment losses and banks’ non-performing loans. This research can contribute to prior research on bankruptcy prediction, as it pro-vides evidence that prediction models can be improved by including firm-specific competitive pressure measures. Moreover, it can also contribute to governance and internal control studies. Monitoring competition can be critical for the internal control systems, as it could provide an early warning indicator of potential finan-cial distress. In this perspective, the study can contribute to the current debate on legislative reforms across the EU regarding the business insolvency and the early identification of financial default.

The paper explores the perception and negotiation of gender representations and scripts among Italian dating app users. Adopting a gender perspective and a socio-technical framework, it describes h...

The new General Data Protection Regulation introduced the “right to portability of personal data”. Conceived to give effectiveness to individual interests, the regulation is at the same time a pro-competitive tool with important regulatory effects on digital markets. As a result of the extensive interpretation of “personal data” that has been consolidated in European law, the right to portability actually applies to a wide range of data, thereby overlapping and conflicting with a range of diverse interests. If the application of the right raises questions about the balancing of those interests, its effectiveness as a regulatory instrument depends strongly on the structure of the markets. The paper argues that the pro-competitive effect of portability is more pronounced in markets with common data processing systems, while it is more uncertain in the absence of shared interoperable standards.

Il contributo analizza il tema del cloud computing dal punto di vista giuridico con specifica attenzione per la legislazione europea e nazionale. Gli aspetti affrontati riguardano la privacy, la sicurezza dei dati, il nodo delle responsabilità nel trattamento dei dati e nelle attività di archiviazione. Tratta anche il problema complesso degli accordi di servizio. In this paper the author analyzes the cloud computing and related juridical issues with specific reference to the European and national legislation. The main topics covered in the paper include: privacy, industry statistics, cloud and enterprise, data retention, data location, responsibilities in data processing and related contracts and agreements.

Purpose of the paper : The paper aims to investigate whether Distretto ad Alta Tecnologia Campania Bioscience - CB, an emergent regional innovation network promoted by the Campania Regional Authority, can become sustainable, i.e. whether it can achieve the expected results and last in the future. Methodology : The work is based on a qualitative method - a single case study - and investigates the sustainability of CB in reference to three theoretical aspects: a) the structure of innovation networks and the linkages established within them; b) the external context; c) the advantages and disadvantages of being part of such networks. Findings : The above theoretical aspects have been properly considered when implementing CB. Therefore, up to now, CB is a candidate for a sustainable regional innovation network. Research limitations : CB is still in an embryonic phase. This exploratory study leads to results that need to be confirmed - or that might be denied - by future, longitudinal studies. Implications : Policy makers aiming to implement new regional innovation networks could recall the best practices adopted by the Campania Regional Authority when implementing CB. Originality/value of the paper : To our knowledge it is rare to find articles trying to test sustainability of regional innovation networks in reference to Italy. This work therefore represents one of the first attempts to do so.