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The meaning of psychosocial factors for the course of breast cancer--First results of a prospective research project. Studies investigating the meaning of psychosocial factors for the course of cancerous diseases have so far been contradictious. In this paper the basic datas and first results of a prospective research project on this topic covering 107 breast cancer patients are reported. Somatic datas such as stage of lymph-nodes, type of surgery and additional treatments (radiation therapy or chemotherapy), are less important for the coping process 6 months after primary treatment than the cognitive attitudes of the patients toward their disease. About 56 percent of the patients coped quite well with their disease, 44 percent showed difficulties. The group of patients whose somatic and psychosocial prognosis was judged rather unfavorably at the time of the first examination, showed the highest rate of recidivation and progredience in the follow-up of the first 12 months.

August Neilreich (1803-1871), jurist and botanist. Born at Vienna, Dezember 12th 1803, died at Vienna, June 1st 1871. Neilreich studied law and politics at the Vienna University from 1823 to 1827 and worked in various juridical positions from 1828 until 1857, when he retired due to bad health. Besides his official posts Neilreich was Austria’s most important floristic botanist of his time, his books “Flora von Wien” (1846/51) and “Flora von Nieder-Oesterreich” (1857/59) are highly important even today. He also published on the history of Austrian botany and wrote his important paper “Geschichte der Botanik in Nieder-Oesterreich” in 1855 (presented here). Biographical data: F. A. Stafleu & R. S. Cowan, Taxonomic literature, 2nd ed., Vol. 3, 1981, pp. 719-721 / J. H. Barnhart, Biographical notes upon botanists Vol. 2, p. 543 / ÖBL Vol. 7, 1976, pp. 61-62 / ADB 23, 1886, pp. 405-407 / Wurzbach 20, 1869, pp. 143-146 / A. Handlirsch & R. v. Wettstein, Botanik und Zoologie in Österreich in den Jahren 1850 bis 1900 (Wien 1901), see register / L. Ritter von Köchel, Dr. August Neilreich. Umrisse seines Lebens und Wirkens. In: Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 21, 1871, pp. 1313-1344. Context: An offprint of „Geschichte der Botanik in Nieder-Oesterreich“ with handwritten dedication from Neilreich to Heinrich Wilhelm Schott (1794-1865)., August Neilreich (1803-1871), Jurist und Botaniker. Geb. Wien, 12.12.1803, gest. Wien 01.06.1871.- Neilreich widmete sich 1823-1827 juridisch-politischen Studien an der Universität Wien und war von 1828-1857 in diversen öffentlich-gerichtlichen Positionen in Wien tätig. 1857 erfolgte krankheitshalber seine Pensionierung. Neilreich war einer der größten Lokalfloristen Österreichs, seine Werke „Flora von Wien“ (1846/51) und „Flora von Nieder-Oesterreich“ (1857/59) sind Meilensteine der floristischen Literatur für Ostösterreich. Daneben befasste er sich auch mit der Geschichte seiner Fachdisziplin und legte 1855 seine „Geschichte der Botanik in Nieder-Oesterreich“ als Aufsatz in den Verhandlungen des zoologisch-botanischen Vereins in Wien Bd. 5 vor. Biographische Daten: F. A. Stafleu & R. S. Cowan, Taxonomic literature, 2. Aufl., Bd. 3, 1981, S. 719-721 / J. H. Barnhart, Biographical notes upon botanists Vol. 2, S. 543 / ÖBL Bd. 7, 1976, S. 61-62 / ADB 23, 1886, S. 405-407 / Wurzbach 20, 1869, S. 143-146 / A. Handlirsch & R. v. Wettstein, Botanik und Zoologie in Österreich in den Jahren 1850 bis 1900 (Wien 1901), siehe Reg. / L. Ritter von Köchel, Dr. August Neilreich. Umrisse seines Lebens und Wirkens. In: Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 21, 1871, S. 1313-1344. Umfeld: Vorliegend ein Sonderabdruck des Aufsatzes „Geschichte der Botanik in Nieder-Oesterreich“ mit handschriftlicher Widmung des Verfassers Neilreich an Heinrich Wilhelm Schott (1794-1865).

August Neilreich (1803-1871), Jurist und Botaniker. Geb. Wien, 12.12.1803, gest. Wien 01.06.1871.- Neilreich widmete sich 1823-1827 juridisch-politischen Studien an der Universität Wien und war von 1828-1857 in diversen öffentlich-gerichtlichen Positionen in Wien tätig. 1857 erfolgte krankheitshalber seine Pensionierung. Neilreich war einer der größten Lokalfloristen Österreichs, seine Werke „Flora von Wien“ (1846/51) und „Flora von Nieder-Oesterreich“ (1857/59) sind Meilensteine der floristischen Literatur für Ostösterreich. Daneben befasste er sich auch mit der Geschichte seiner Fachdisziplin und legte 1855 seine „Geschichte der Botanik in Nieder-Oesterreich“ als Aufsatz in den Verhandlungen des zoologisch-botanischen Vereins in Wien Bd. 5 vor. Biographische Daten: F. A. Stafleu & R. S. Cowan, Taxonomic literature, 2. Aufl., Bd. 3, 1981, S. 719-721 / J. H. Barnhart, Biographical notes upon botanists Vol. 2, S. 543 / ÖBL Bd. 7, 1976, S. 61-62 / ADB 23, 1886, S. 405-407 / Wurzbach 20, 1869, S. 143-146 / A. Handlirsch & R. v. Wettstein, Botanik und Zoologie in Österreich in den Jahren 1850 bis 1900 (Wien 1901), siehe Reg. / L. Ritter von Köchel, Dr. August Neilreich. Umrisse seines Lebens und Wirkens. In: Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 21, 1871, S. 1313-1344. Umfeld: Vorliegend ein Sonderabdruck des Aufsatzes „Geschichte der Botanik in Nieder-Oesterreich“ mit handschriftlicher Widmung des Verfassers Neilreich an Heinrich Wilhelm Schott (1794-1865)., August Neilreich (1803-1871), jurist and botanist. Born at Vienna, Dezember 12th 1803, died at Vienna, June 1st 1871. Neilreich studied law and politics at the Vienna University from 1823 to 1827 and worked in various juridical positions from 1828 until 1857, when he retired due to bad health. Besides his official posts Neilreich was Austria’s most important floristic botanist of his time, his books “Flora von Wien” (1846/51) and “Flora von Nieder-Oesterreich” (1857/59) are highly important even today. He also published on the history of Austrian botany and wrote his important paper “Geschichte der Botanik in Nieder-Oesterreich” in 1855 (presented here). Biographical data: F. A. Stafleu & R. S. Cowan, Taxonomic literature, 2nd ed., Vol. 3, 1981, pp. 719-721 / J. H. Barnhart, Biographical notes upon botanists Vol. 2, p. 543 / ÖBL Vol. 7, 1976, pp. 61-62 / ADB 23, 1886, pp. 405-407 / Wurzbach 20, 1869, pp. 143-146 / A. Handlirsch & R. v. Wettstein, Botanik und Zoologie in Österreich in den Jahren 1850 bis 1900 (Wien 1901), see register / L. Ritter von Köchel, Dr. August Neilreich. Umrisse seines Lebens und Wirkens. In: Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 21, 1871, pp. 1313-1344. Context: An offprint of „Geschichte der Botanik in Nieder-Oesterreich“ with handwritten dedication from Neilreich to Heinrich Wilhelm Schott (1794-1865).

Electronic laboratory books are increasingly replacing paper laboratory books. This offers advantages in operational handling, but is also a strategic decision with regard to the establishment of integrated research data management for digital research data. When selecting and introducing an electronic laboratory book, a number of criteria and framework conditions must be observed and preparatory analyses carried out., Elektronische Laborbücher lösen zunehmend Laborbücher in Papierform ab. Dies bietet Vorteile in der operationalen Handhabung, ist aber auch eine strategische Entscheidung im Hinblick auf die Etablierung eines durchgängigen Forschungsdatenmanagements für digitale Forschungsdaten. Bei der Auswahl und Einführung eines elektronischen Laborbuchs sind eine Reihe von Kriterien und Rahmenbedingungen zu beachten und vorbereitende Analysen durchzuführen., GMS Medizin - Bibliothek - Information; 19(3):Doc25

Rudolf, Kronprinz von Österreich (1858-1889) schrieb „Fünfzehn Tage auf der Donau“ anlässlich einer Donaureise, die er mit Alfred Brehm und Eugen Homeyer unternahm. Das Werk schildert die ungarischen Auen vor der Donauregulierung und gibt einen Eindruck der Tier- und Pflanzenwelt im 19. Jahrhundert. Es erschien 1878 zuerst anonym in der kaiserlichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei und war vorerst nur für Mitglieder des Kaiserhauses bestimmt. Doch noch im selben Jahr erschien im »Neuen Wiener Tagblatt« eine fünfseitige Rezension über des Prinzen Erstlingswerk. Auch das Vereinsblatt für Ornithologie brachte einen Abdruck aus dem hoch gelobten Buch. Rudolf wurde auf Grund dieser Leistung zum Ehrenmitglied der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaft ernannt., Rudolf, crown prince of Austria wrote the „Fortnight on the Danube“ on the occasion of a journey he took on the Danube with Alfred Brehm and Eugen Homeyer. The book describes the Hungarian meadows/ floodplains before the Vienna Danube regulation and gives an impression of the fauna and flora in the 19th century. It was published anonymously by the imperial court- and state printers in 1878 and intended only for members of the royal family. But in the same year two reviews were published, one in a daily paper and one in an ornithology journal. Because of his achievement, Rudolf was appointed honorary member of the Royal Academy of Sciences.

Pričujoče diplomsko delo raziskuje članke iz časopisov na slovenskem etničnem ozemlju ob koncu 19. stoletja. Za raziskavo so bili uporabljeni tako pro-nemški kot pro-slovenski časopisi, ki najbolje ponazarjajo zgodovinsko dogajanje in utrip takratnega časa. Analizirani časopisni članki vsebujejo odzive na otvoritev Narodnega doma v Celju, zgrajenega v letih od 1894 do 1897, na podlagi katerih bo ta konfliktni čas med slovensko in nemško govorečim prebivalstvom Celja prikazan in ovrednoten. The following paper researches articles from the 19th century written by Slovene and German press situated in the geographical area of today's Slovenia. The articles include reactions of German and Slovene press to the opening of the cultural centre Narodni dom in Celje, that was built between the years 1894 and 1897. At the time, a series of Pro-German and Pro-Slovene newspapers were published in relation to these events. They will be used to explore the historical background and for evaluating this time of disputes between the Slovenian-speaking and German-speaking population of Celje.

Richard von Wettstein (1863-1931), Botaniker. Geb. Wien, 30.06.1863, gest. Trins (Tirol), 10.08.1931.- Wettstein studierte Botanik an der Universität Wien (1881-1884) und promovierte 1884 zum Dr. phil. Von 1884 bis 1888 wirkte er als Assistent, 1888 bis 1892 als Adjunkt (Chefassistent) von Anton Kerner von Marilaun (1831-1898) an der Universität Wien. 1886 Habilitation in Wien, 1892 folgte die Berufung als Professor für Botanik an die deutsche Universität in Prag, wo er bis 1899 lehrte. 1899 als Nachfolger Kerners als ordentlicher Professor für Botanik an die Universität Wien berufen, in welcher Position er bis zu seinem Tod lehrte. 1911 Ernennung zum Hofrat, von 1917 bis November 1918 Mitglied des Herrenhauses, am 20.06.1925 Verleihung des Dr. med. h.c. der Universität Bonn und 1930 Ernennung zum Bürger (Ehrenbürgerschaft) von Wien. Wettsteins Forschungsschwerpunkte bildeten die botanische Systematik, Phylogenie, und Pflanzengeographie. Die Verbreitung botanischer Kenntnisse bei interessierten Laien, wie auch das gesamte österreichische Schulwesen (vom Volksbildungswesen bis zur Universität) lagen ihm am Herzen. Biographische Daten: F. A. Stafleu & R. S. Cowan, Taxonomic literature, 2. Aufl., Bd. 7, 1988, S. 221-235 / J. H. Barnhart, Biographical notes upon botanists Vol. 3, S. 482 / A. Handlirsch & R. v. Wettstein, Botanik und Zoologie in Österreich in den Jahren 1850 bis 1900 (Wien 1901), siehe Reg. / E. Janchen, Richard Wettstein, sein Leben und Wirken. In: Österreichische botanische Zeitschrift 82, 1933, S. 1-195. Bibliographische Daten: F. A. Stafleu & R. S. Cowan, Taxonomic literature, 2. Aufl., Bd. 7, 1988, S. 229 / B. D. Jackson, Guide to the literature of botany (1881), S. 149. Umfeld: Diese Schrift war in ihrer 1. Auflage eine Festgabe aus Anlass der wissenschaftlich hoch angesehenen 66. Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte in Wien im Jahre 1894. Das Werk wurde wegen seiner guten Resonanz beim wissenschaftlichen Publikum im nächsten Jahre als Gratisbeilage zum Jahrgang 1895 der „Österreichischen Botanischen Zeitschrift“ nochmals aufgelegt. Die Schrift gibt über das „Botanische Museum“, den „Botanischen Garten“ das „Pflanzenphysiologische Institut“, den „K.K. Hofgarten in Schönbrunn“, die „Botanische Abtheilung des K.K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums“, die „K.K. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft“, sowie über kleinere botanische Institutionen und Privatsammlungen im Wien an der Wende zum 20. Jhdt. einen schönen Überblick., Richard von Wettstein (1863-1931), botanist. Born at Vienna, June 30th 1863, died at Trins (Tyrol) August 10th 1931. Wettstein studied botany at the University of Vienna from 1881 to 1884 and received his doctoral degree in 1884. From 1884 to 1892 he assisted Anton Kerner von Marilaun (1831-1898) at the chair of botany of the Vienna University, in 1892 he was appointed to a professorship of botany at the German University of Prague, where he stayed until his appointment to Vienna in 1899 as successor of Kerner von Marilaun. Wettstein remained in the position of full professor of botany at Vienna until his death. From 1911 onwards he received various honorary titles. His main scientific interest was botanical systematics, phylogenie and plant geography, besides he was engaged in national education and scientific school teaching. Biographical data: F. A. Stafleu & R. S. Cowan, Taxonomic literature, 2nd ed., Vol. 7, 1988, pp. 221-235 / J. H. Barnhart, Biographical notes upon botanists Vol. 3, p. 482 / A. Handlirsch & R. v. Wettstein, Botanik und Zoologie in Österreich in den Jahren 1850 bis 1900 (Wien 1901), see register / E. Janchen, Richard Wettstein, sein Leben und Wirken. In: Österreichische botanische Zeitschrift 82, 1933, pp. 1-195. Bibliographical data: F. A. Stafleu & R. S. Cowan, Taxonomic literature, 2nd ed., Vol. 7, 1988, p. 229 / B. D. Jackson, Guide to the literature of botany (1881), p. 149. Context: The first edition of this paper was distributed during the 66th conference of natural scientists and medical doctors (“66. Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte“) held at Vienna in 1894. Due to its good reception within the scientific community it was re-issued in 1895 as an addendum to the “Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift”. The publication presents a well-written overview on main contemporary botanical institutions in Vienna and some private collections.

Richard von Wettstein (1863-1931), Botaniker. Geb. Wien, 30.06.1863, gest. Trins (Tirol), 10.08.1931.- Wettstein studierte Botanik an der Universität Wien (1881-1884) und promovierte 1884 zum Dr. phil. Von 1884 bis 1888 wirkte er als Assistent, 1888 bis 1892 als Adjunkt (Chefassistent) von Anton Kerner von Marilaun (1831-1898) an der Universität Wien. 1886 Habilitation in Wien, 1892 folgte die Berufung als Professor für Botanik an die deutsche Universität in Prag, wo er bis 1899 lehrte. 1899 als Nachfolger Kerners als ordentlicher Professor für Botanik an die Universität Wien berufen, in welcher Position er bis zu seinem Tod lehrte. 1911 Ernennung zum Hofrat, von 1917 bis November 1918 Mitglied des Herrenhauses, am 20.06.1925 Verleihung des Dr. med. h.c. der Universität Bonn und 1930 Ernennung zum Bürger (Ehrenbürgerschaft) von Wien. Wettsteins Forschungsschwerpunkte bildeten die botanische Systematik, Phylogenie, und Pflanzengeographie. Die Verbreitung botanischer Kenntnisse bei interessierten Laien, wie auch das gesamte österreichische Schulwesen (vom Volksbildungswesen bis zur Universität) lagen ihm am Herzen. Biographische Daten: F. A. Stafleu & R. S. Cowan, Taxonomic literature, 2. Aufl., Bd. 7, 1988, S. 221-235 / J. H. Barnhart, Biographical notes upon botanists Vol. 3, S. 482 / A. Handlirsch & R. v. Wettstein, Botanik und Zoologie in Österreich in den Jahren 1850 bis 1900 (Wien 1901), siehe Reg. / E. Janchen, Richard Wettstein, sein Leben und Wirken. In: Österreichische botanische Zeitschrift 82, 1933, S. 1-195. Bibliographische Daten: F. A. Stafleu & R. S. Cowan, Taxonomic literature, 2. Aufl., Bd. 7, 1988, S. 229 / B. D. Jackson, Guide to the literature of botany (1881), S. 149. Umfeld: Diese Schrift war in ihrer 1. Auflage eine Festgabe aus Anlass der wissenschaftlich hoch angesehenen 66. Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte in Wien im Jahre 1894. Das Werk wurde wegen seiner guten Resonanz beim wissenschaftlichen Publikum im nächsten Jahre als Gratisbeilage zum Jahrgang 1895 der „Österreichischen Botanischen Zeitschrift“ nochmals aufgelegt. Die Schrift gibt über das „Botanische Museum“, den „Botanischen Garten“ das „Pflanzenphysiologische Institut“, den „K.K. Hofgarten in Schönbrunn“, die „Botanische Abtheilung des K.K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums“, die „K.K. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft“, sowie über kleinere botanische Institutionen und Privatsammlungen im Wien an der Wende zum 20. Jhdt. einen schönen Überblick., Richard von Wettstein (1863-1931), botanist. Born at Vienna, June 30th 1863, died at Trins (Tyrol) August 10th 1931. Wettstein studied botany at the University of Vienna from 1881 to 1884 and received his doctoral degree in 1884. From 1884 to 1892 he assisted Anton Kerner von Marilaun (1831-1898) at the chair of botany of the Vienna University, in 1892 he was appointed to a professorship of botany at the German University of Prague, where he stayed until his appointment to Vienna in 1899 as successor of Kerner von Marilaun. Wettstein remained in the position of full professor of botany at Vienna until his death. From 1911 onwards he received various honorary titles. His main scientific interest was botanical systematics, phylogenie and plant geography, besides he was engaged in national education and scientific school teaching. Biographical data: F. A. Stafleu & R. S. Cowan, Taxonomic literature, 2nd ed., Vol. 7, 1988, pp. 221-235 / J. H. Barnhart, Biographical notes upon botanists Vol. 3, p. 482 / A. Handlirsch & R. v. Wettstein, Botanik und Zoologie in Österreich in den Jahren 1850 bis 1900 (Wien 1901), see register / E. Janchen, Richard Wettstein, sein Leben und Wirken. In: Österreichische botanische Zeitschrift 82, 1933, pp. 1-195. Bibliographical data: F. A. Stafleu & R. S. Cowan, Taxonomic literature, 2nd ed., Vol. 7, 1988, p. 229 / B. D. Jackson, Guide to the literature of botany (1881), p. 149. Context: The first edition of this paper was distributed during the 66th conference of natural scientists and medical doctors (“66. Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte“) held at Vienna in 1894. Due to its good reception within the scientific community it was re-issued in 1895 as an addendum to the “Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift”. The publication presents a well-written overview on main contemporary botanical institutions in Vienna and some private collections.

In the paper organizational economic mechanism of interaction between transport enterprises and higher education institutes in transport and logistics cluster has been suggested. This mechanism is based on the interaction model between transport enterprises and higher education institutes. New requirements for specialists on the transport services market cause the need for new relations formation between transport enterprises and higher education institutes. Therefore, training of highly specialized workers for transport and logistics cluster entities is possible only if there is effective interaction between enterprises and educational institutions. Comparative analysis of the interaction model was carried out between these entities before their entering to cluster and in cluster structure. It is defined that as a result of interaction between transport enterprises and higher education institutes in transport and logistics cluster, educational institutions could be supported by enterprises (funding, internship) and enterprises would hire qualified employees which level meets their needs. The study defined main goals of investigated objects in transport and logistics cluster, their distribution of the levels and establishment of links.

As individuals we are egocentric, consistently intending to enhance our self-interests by satisfying our most demanding needs and accomplishing our targets. After assembling all the missing information and estimating the probabilities that will ease our directions without being too excessive, the decision is being made. Individuals are perceived to be rational investors. Although the theory is teaching us that we all choose based on calculated possibilities and desired outcomes, the observed conduct disproves it. The aim of this paper is to discern how humans behave, react and invest, with the help of an aggregate research based on historical economic contexts and models. By evaluating as well the strategic conduct in uncertain situations will definitely lead to the identification of some patterns in the decision-making process. Because in the end, humans are being distinguished by their pragmatic way of deciding.

A growing literature coming from economics, sociology or psychology explores the wide range of variables that might explain voluntary compliance behaviour. The aim of this paper is to identify the institutional factors associated with tax morale and to highlight the resemblances and the differences among several countries across the world, grouped according to the level of development. Descriptive statistics and principal components analysis are used as methods and the analysis is carried out at country group level. The main results show that no matter the level of development, people' intrinsic motivation to pay taxes can be associated with good institutions and government ability to efficiently allocate public funds.

IX ÖZET Türk-Alman ilişkilerinin Türk işçilerinin Almanya'ya gittiği tarih olan 1960'lı yılların çok öncesine uzanır. İnsanların hafızalarından kaybolmaya yüz tutmuş, gerçekte ise daha geriye giden ve devamlılık arz eden bir Alman -Türk ortak tarihi vardır. Bu ilişki, I. Dünya Savaşında `Silah arkadaşlığı` (Waffenbriiderschaft), yani aynı cephede savaşma şeklinde olmuştur. Ve aynı zamanda da 1878 Berlin Konferansından beri çok sıkı ve çok yönlüdür. Bağdat-Demiryolunun ortak yapımıyla ise Almanya ve Türkiye ilişkisi doruk noktasına ulaşmıştır. Almanya ile burada yaşayan Türklerin ortak geçmişi 1961 de işçi alımıyla. başlar. Buraya ilk gelen işçilerin amacı kısa bir süre burada çalıştıktan sonra, para kazanıp, buradan yeni öğrendikleri bilgilerle Türkiye'ye geri dönmek orada kendilerine ait bir iş yeri açmaktı. Birinci kuşak dediğimiz ve yaşamlarının sonbaharım Türkiye'de geçirmek isteyen bu insanların bu arzularının, maalesef çok azı gerçekleşebildi. Çocuklarının Almanya'da çalışıyor ve yaşıyor olmaları, yaşlılıkla birlikte baş gösteren sağlık sorunlarının Almanya'da daha iyi tedavi olacağı düşüncesi bunları her iki ülkede de yaşama planlan yapmaya zorladı. Geri dönme arzulannın çok azaldığını, aksine arttığım bu ülkede kurulan ve faaliyet gösteren 35.000 Türk işletmesinden de anlayabiliriz. Bu insanların, yaptıkları yatıran ve ithalatlanyla Türk-Alman Ticari ilişkilerinde çok büyük önemi vardır. Türk-Göçmen Edebiyatı 60'lı yıllarda Türk işçilerinin Almanya'ya gitmeleriyle başlar. Bu edebiyat çok yönlüdür; zira bazı yazarlar çok farklı yaşam ve iş hayatlarını eserlerinde konu etmişlerdir. Çoğu, gerçekten işçi olarak buraya gelmişler, hala da burada hem çalışıp hem yazıyorlar: Örneğin, Şinasi Dikmen. Diğer bir kısmı ise yükseköğrenim için ya da siyasi görüşünden dolayı buraya gelenlerdir. Haldun Taner, Fakir Baykurt, Araş Ören, Yüksel Pazarkaya ve Saliha Scheirıhardt gibi. Bazı yazarlar da bu süreci çocuk olarak yaşayıp gördüler. Bunların arasında burada doğup büyüyenler olduğu gibi, küçük yaşta işçi çocuğu olarak dagelenlerde vardır. Bunların çoğu, Alman okullarında okudular, sonra meslek öğrendiler ya da üniversitelerde okudular. Bu yüzden bunlar, Almanca'ya çok iyi, hatta Türkçe'den de daha iyi hakimler. îki toplum arasında kalmanın çok acısını çektiler ve bu yaşadıklarım kaleme almak, seslerini duyurabilmek için bir yol aradılar. Bu grubun yazarları, edebi eser vermeye Almanya'da başladılar, l.ve 2. Kuşak yazarları arasındaki en önemli fark, gençlerin eserlerini doğrudan Alman dilinde yazmalarıdır: Örneğin, Zafer Şenocak, Akif Pirinçci, Levent Aktoprak, ihsan Atacan gibi Bu yazarlar, edebiyatı, Almanya'da yaşayan yabancı göçmenlerin, varlıklarına ve ihtiyaçlarına Alman halkının dikkatini çekmek şeklinde algılıyorlar. Genel olarak eserlerinde işledikleri konular şöyle sıralanabilir: İçinde bulundukları iş dünyası, dil problemleri, Alman gelenek ve görenekleri, Alman kadınları ve çocukları, memlekete seyahat, yabancı düşmanlığı, ırkçılık, kişilik vs. Ne geride bırakılan memlekette ne de Almanya'da, kendilerini iyi hissetmeyen göçmenler, kendilerini boşlukta ve hiçbir yere ait olamama hissine kaptırıyorlar. Bu da, kişilik kaybma yol açıyor. Bu kişilik kaybı, aynı zamanda kanunlar önünde eşit olmamanın, yani eşit haklara sahip olunmamanın bir sonucudur. Günümüzde Almanya'da, aşağı yukarı 7 milyon yabancı yaşıyor. Bunun 2,5 milyonu Türk ve bunların çoğu da köy kökenli insanlardır. Bunlar için birden bire endüstri bakımından gelişmiş bir topluma gelmek kendi taşıdığı değerlerin ah üst olması anlamına geliyor. Bu insanların, bulundukları şehirlerde, belli semtlerde, birbirine yalan oturmak ve yaşamak istemeleri şaşırtıcı olmamalıdır. Alman toplumuna `uyum` adı altında, bunlardan talep edilenler, onların dayanma gücünü çoktan aşıyor. Alman' lann burada yaşayan bu insanların daha önceki yaşam şartlarını daha iyi öğrenmesi onları sevip kabullenmeleri için bir kolaylık olur. Türk Göçmen Edebiyatı, yabancı kültürlerin kabulü, teşviki ve desteklenmesi sayesinde barış ve huzur içinde beraberce yaşama şansını da beraberinde getiriyor. Yapılan çalışmalar, umut vericidir. Gelecekte de bu yönde pozitiv gelişmeler beklenmektedir. XI ABSTRACT The beginning of Turkish - German relations reach for the far proceeding time of 1960s, when Turkish workers went to Germany. There is a common German- Turkish history which has partly been forgotten by people, but in fact it goes fer back and presents contunity. This relation happened as `The Arm Friendship` during The First World War, that is they fought at the same front. At the same time it is so close and multi-sided since the Berlin Conference in 1878. Tiirkiye-Germany relation reached the top by building the Bağdat Railway in common. The common past of Turkish people who live here and Germany begins by getting workers in 1961. The purpose of the first workers who came here was to make money after working for a while. Then to return back to Türkiye with the knowledge and experience they got and finally, to set up a working-place. The wishdoms of these people, who' re called the first generation and wanted to pass their last times of their lives in Türkiye, just a little of them unfortunately became true. The condition of their childiren' working and living in Germany and the thought that the health problems facing because of becoming older and tWnking they would get a better treatment in Germany made them think to live in both countries. We can understand that their whishdoms have decreased, on the contrary, their wishdoms have increased, as Turkish runnings and establishments, more than 350.000, have been set up and have served in this country. Turkish- Immigrant Literature has started with the Turkish workers going to Germany in 1960s. This literature has many-sided; because some authors have dealt with their very different life and work lives in their productions. Most of them had really come here as workers and they still work write: For instance, Şinasi Dikmen. The others had come here either to have a higher education or because of their political aspects. As Haldun Taner, Fakir Baykurt, Araş Ören, Yüksel Pazarkaya and Saliha Scheinhardt... Some authors also witnessed this process being children. Among them, there are the ones who were born and brought up here and there are also the ones who came here being a worker's child in a small age. Most of them studied at German schools and they learned a profession or studied at universities.Xll That's why, they are good at German language, perhaps better than Turkish language. They suffered the pain from being between two societies and wanted to find a free way to put down on paper and to have been noticed about how they lived. The authors of this group began to give their literary products. The most important difference between the 1st and the 2nd generation authors is that they wrote their products directly in German language. For example; as Zafer Şenocak, Akif Pirinçci, Levent Aktoprak, İhsan Atacan. These authors perceive the literature as the foreign immigrants who live in Germany want German people to call attention to their presence and needs. Generally, the subject they perform in their products are as follows: The world business they are in, language problems, German traditions and customs, German women and their children, travelling home-town, foreign hostility, racism, individuality...etc. immigrants who dont' feel themselves well neither in the country they left nor in Germany feel themselves in empty space without aims and belonging nowhere. This causes the deficiency of individuality. This is also a reasult of they're not equal at front of law, that is they have not got equal rights. Nowadays, there are about 7 million foreigners in Germany. The 2.5 million of this number are turks and most of them are village-originated. For these people, to come to an industrially developed country suddenly means turning up upside down the values they have and carry. It shouldn't be surprising that these people want to inhabit closer to each other and live in the cities they are and in certain regions. The demands they are asked for in the name of `harmony` to German society go beyond their resistance power. It becomes so convenient for German people to learn their previous life conditions better and because of loving and accepting these people who live here. Turkish-Immigrant Literature is carrying the chance of living together in peace and comfort by the help of accepting encouring and supporting the foreign cultures. The studies which have been made are so hopeful. Also, in the future it has been expected to see positive developments in this direction. 102

Brief ohne Ort, mit der Adressangabe: Haberlandstrasse 5, d.h. aus Berlin. Vorschlag zur technischen Durchführung eines Versuchs zur magnetomotorischen Kraft Hat in Band 7 der Collected papers of Albert Einstein keinen Eingang gefunden., ETH-Bibliothek

Since then, the modern technology and its achievements has served the nature of trade to begin with, the middle class asks, whose core forms the hand worker movement, as the center of interest for science and politics. A craftsman movement, which is since 1848 rolling along, is today still not ended and the movement still exists and is alive. The hand worker asks, who arose to 1848 to meet, the chronic suffers who became so for decades. The physician, who saw a chronic person, can usually indicate not alone by looking at on welfare. One must look at the developing story for Evil and his life story to know the patient, in order to point to a way to recovery.More over the craftsmen and the craftsmen movement spoken about daily, indicated, in order to find a symptom, which makes itself too faulty in the given instant to be disturbingly most valid, is written to cure and to leave. A detailed connection, an end representation of the craftsmen movement is, however, up to the hour still not finished.In the following still the attempt of such a representation is to be made, for the too the period of 1848/1869.Our sources are particularly purely beside from national commission collections and congresses, are from the Craftsman, who are the other persons, who wanted to take position in the problem of the Craftsman or had daily papers, magazines and books, which are dedicated partly to individual branches of industry, partly the entire Handwork industry of the individual country. In addition to the facts, which follow from flight writings and from one-sided combat literature, come one sided in the pursuit of religion and on politics.An important source in the history of the Handworker Movement must be the legislation. As soon as the craftsmen movement forms, they accepted the seriously public damage the government issuing a new law could bring, an order in such a way could pour Oil onto the waves. The relation between cause and effect between the particulars far the craftsman movement can never clearly completely be, when a factor this important is let out. But not only the finished industrial law, also its developing story and its motives must be regarded, in order that the movement of the German Handwork Movement be completely known.

In the course of transition, the role of household plots in agricultural production in Ukraine has grown substantially in importance. The key reason for this is the integration of household plots into large agricultural enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the economic efficiency of household plots. In addition, the paper aims at testing whether economic theory is able to explain the behaviour of households in this regard. Two important characteristics in the evolution of household plots’ in Ukraine have been identified. One is the integration of household plots into large agricultural enterprises. This improves the efficiency of these plots through access to inputs. The other is that about 22.4 % of household plots farmers, who also worked in the large agricultural enterprises are planning to expand their operation. Although the theories presented in the paper greatly contribute to the explanation of household plots’ behaviour, more research must be done to better explain the reasons for households’ economic activity.

Cet article présente les principaux apports d’une approche individu-centrée pour modéliser et simuler les processus de diffusion dans l’espace géographique. L’intérêt d’une telle approche est discuté au regard des limites d’une modélisation d'échelle macro-géographique traditionnellement employée pour décrire de tels phénomènes. L’équation logistique est présentée comme un exemple représentatif de cette catégorie de modèle. Les modèles de simulation à base d’agents représentent une alternative possible à une approche macro-géographique des phénomènes de diffusion. Associés aux théories de l’auto-organisation, on postule que les phénomènes observés à un certain niveau sont le résultat des nombreuses interactions qui se produisent à un ou plusieurs niveaux inférieurs. En tant qu’outil de simulation prédisposé à l’analyse de telles dynamiques, les systèmes multi-agents sont brièvement présentés. Cet article se termine par une application, la modélisation et la simulation de la diffusion d’une innovation agricole (le modèle d'Hägerstrand revisité). This paper presents the main contributions of an agent-based approach for modelling and simulating the processes of diffusion in geographical space. This approach is compared with the macro modelling traditionally employed to describe such phenomenons. The logistic model is thus presented as representative of this category of model. The agent-based models represent a possible alternative to a macroscopic approach of the processes of diffusion. Related to the theories of self-organization, it is assumed that the phenomena observed on a certain level are the result of the many interactions which occur on one or more lower levels. As a simulation tool predisposed to the analysis of such a dynamic, the multi-agent systems are briefly presented. This paper ends with a brief example of application, the modelling and the simulation of the diffusion of an agricultural innovation model (Hägerstrand's model revisited).

Paleontology paper about a sturgeon fossil discovery from the Lias of Germany. Several illustrations are included. From the collection of Gord Edmondson https://viuspace.viu.ca/bitstream/handle/10613/1629/ChondrosteusHindenburgi-275.pdf?sequence=5

The paper wishes to address one of the key themes of the volume—the representation of the self and the other. The theme will be studied in the backdrop of the forced migration from East Bengal (present Bangladesh) to West Bengal (in India) following the vivisection of British India into two nation-states—India and Pakistan—in 1947. The event triggered off large-scale cross-border migration on the Bengal and Punjab sector in India, with as the surging tide of uprooted mass lashing the shores of these two states. Concentrating on the Bengal side, the paper will try to capture the many-faceted representations of the migrants through the lens of the ‘self’ and the ‘other’; the guest and the host, i.e. the local people of West Bengal and the migrants from across the border. Culling information from Government documents, autobiographies, oral interviews and memoirs, the paper will focus on how each perceived the other and whether more than half a century and subsequent generations later such perceptions have undergone any change.The representation of the ‘Bangals’, as the Bengali Hindus from East Pakistan are popularly referred to as by the ‘Ghatis’ (Bengali Hindus of West Bengal), in the latter’s psyche, too, is multi-faceted—sympathy towards the migrants, at being uprooted from their ancestral home, antagonism at being ‘the Government’s favored son’ in terms of job reservations and financial help which in turn fostered the feeling of ‘outsiders infringing on our rights, occupying our lands and making life miserable for us.’ Coming towards the other end of the spectrum—how did the migrants view themselves? Did they, too, consider themselves as unjust victims of the political power-play? Did they, too, view the Government as the benevolent patriarch and accept the help offered to them without so much of a whimper? Did they view the local people as cold and indifferent? In other words did they subscribe to the representations of the Government and the locals or did they construct an identity of their own? These are some of the aspects of representation of forced displacement of the Bengali Hindus from across the international border, which have been dealt with in the course of this paper. Le présent article souhaite aborder l’un des thèmes clés du numéro thématique, celui de la représentation du soi et de l’autre. Ce thème sera étudié sous l’angle de la migration forcée de la population du Bengale de l’Est (le Bangladesh actuel) au Bengale de l’Ouest (Inde), qui fait suite à la division de l’Inde britannique en deux États-nations (Inde, Pakistan) en 1947. Cet événement a déclenché une migration transfrontalière à grande échelle vers les régions du Bengale et du Punjab de l’Inde, alors qu’une marée d’individus déracinés vint fouetter les rives de ces deux États. Cet article s’intéresse avant tout à l’histoire du Bengale. Il tentera de rendre compte des multiples facettes des représentations des migrants à travers le prisme du soi et de l’autre. Il s’agira de dépeindre les représentations de l’« invité » et de l’« hôte », celles des migrants en provenance de l’autre côté de la frontière et celles des populations locales du Bengale de l’Ouest.S’inspirant d’informations obtenues à même des documents gouvernementaux, des entrevues orales et des mémoires, cet article focalise son attention sur la façon dont chacun perçoit l’autre et si, plus d’un demi-siècle plus tard, au gré des générations, ces perceptions se transforment.Les représentations des « Bangals », comme les Bengalis hindous du Pakistan de l’Est sont populairement appelés par les « Gathis » (Bengalis hindous du Bengale de l’Ouest), par les « Gathis » possèdent de multiples facettes : la sympathie relative envers les migrants en lien avec le déracinement qu’ils ont vécu; l’antagonisme généré par le fait qu’ils sont « les fils favoris du gouvernement », singulièrement en ce qui concerne les emplois qui leur sont réservés et l’aide financière qu’ils reçoivent, un antagonisme qui génère le sentiment que des « étrangers compromettent nos droits, qu’ils occupent nos terres et qu’ils nous rendent la vie difficile ».À l’autre extrémité du spectre, des questions se posent : comment les migrants se percevaient-ils eux-mêmes? Se considéraient-ils comme des victimes injustes des rapports de force politiques? Percevaient-ils le gouvernement comme un patriarche bienveillant et acceptaient-ils l’aide qui leur était offerte sans protester? Percevaient-ils les populations locales comme froides et indifférentes? En d’autres termes, souscrivaient-ils aux représentations que le gouvernement et les populations locales portaient sur eux ou construisaient-ils leur propre identité?Ce sont là quelques-uns des aspects de la représentation du déplacement forcé des Hindous du Bengale par delà la frontière internationale qui ont été traités dans le cadre de notre article.

1. The cardiac muscle fibres of the rabbit swell more and more in the course of the artificial uremia. In the early stage of the disease, this swelling is almost confined to the sarcoplasm, but later the fibrils take part in it also. In the latter stage of the disease, the swelling of both of these two becomes considerable, so that the muscle assumes a characterized feature. 2. The cardiac muscle fibres of the rabbit made artificially oedematous show a swelling also, but in this case the sarcoplasm takes only a little part in it. 3. The cardiac muscle of the rabbit submitted to the urea-injection bears a close resemblance to the finding seen in the case of the artificial uremia. 4. The histological changes of the cardiac muscle caused by the uremia are chiefly due to the urea or its analytic substance retained in the blood, the oedematous stagnation of water having little concern in it. In closing this paper, I wish to express my best thanks to Dr. K. Kosaki under whose guidance this work has been performed.

This paper addresses the impact of both external democratic and authoritarian actors on the quality and stability of non-democratic regimes in third countries. We ask how interdependences contribute to regime stability. We advance the literature on the role of diplomatic ties, trade and migration linkages by providing comparative evidence on the underlying mechanisms supporting stability in its political and economic dimensions. We argue that the dominant mechanisms which translate international linkages into regime stability vary with the type of interdependence. We draw on evidence from three comparative case studies of post-Soviet states and their interdependences with Russia and the EU.

Dieser Band enthält 51 Beiträge zu Themengebieten der Physik der festen Erde, des magnetischen und elektrischen Felds der Erde, der Physik der Atmophäre, der Hydrographie und der angewandten Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1939., DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen, Titelseite Autorenverzeichnis Sachverzeichnis Vorträge, gehalten auf der Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft, vom 19. bis 22. Oktober 1938 in Jena (Fortsetzung von Heft 7/8, 1938)(Fanselau, G., Sieberg, A.) Über ein Stationsseismometer für optische Registrierung(Krumbach, G.) Ein neuer Erschütterungsmesser und die Aufzeichnung nichtsinusförmiger Bewegungen(Martin, H.) Grundsätzliche Betrachtungen über piezoelektrische Beschleunigungsmesser(Herrmann, A.) Die Anwendung der seismischen Reflexionsmethode zur Untersuchung von Salzstöcken im Harzvorland(Trappe, F., Ruprecht, L.) Zur absoluten Schweremessung(Meißer, O.) Zur Isostasiefrage(Jung, K.) Über die Bestimmung der Gravimeterkonstante bei einem frei hängenden Federsystem(Graf, A.) Dichtebestimmung im anstehenden Gestein durch Messung der Schwerebeschleunigung in verschiedenen Tiefen unter Tage(Jung, H.) Diskussionsbemerkung zum Vortrage von H. Jung(Rössiger, M.) Über die Magnetische Reichsvermessung II. Ordnung und ihre ersten vorläufigen Ergebnisse(Bock, R.) Stand der geophysikalischen Reichsaufnahme(Reich, H.) Die experimentellen Grundlagen des Dipol-Induktionsverfahrens(Rössiger, M.) Erfahrungen mit einem neuen geothermischen Aufschlußverfahren(Paul, M.) Diskussionsbemerkungen zum Vortrage von M. Paul(Rössiger, M.) Die Temperaturverhältnisse der südlichen Halbkugel(Meinardus, W.) Der neue Schreibpegel in Arkona(Model, F.) Referate und Mitteilungen(Schulz, B., Schulze, G. A., Schriel) Berichtigung Großentfernungsmessungen mit dem Askania-Gravimeter in Texas(Graf, A.) Über die Wirkungsweise von einigen feldfähigen Federgravimetern(v. Thyssen, S.) Beschreibung des neuen Gerätes zur Bestimmung der Fortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeit elastischer Wellen in Gesteinsproben und einige Meßergebnisse(v. Thyssen, S., Rülke, O.) Über Kopfwellen in der Seismik (Auf Grund funkenkinematographischer Modellversuche)(v. Schmidt, O.) Der Einfluß eines mit der Tiefe veränderlichen Elastizitätsmoduls auf den Weg elastischer Wellen im Boden(Ramspeck, A.) Seismische Untersuchungen des Geophysikalischen Instituts in Göttingen. XXXV. Zur Methodik der Nahbebenbearbeitung(Bungers, R.) Remarks on the Paper of G. Schmerwitz on Central European Earthquakes(Jeffreys, H.) Die Meßverfahren zur Bestimmung des Dispersionseffektes des Widerstandes von Gesteinsmedien(Müller, M.) Bemerkung zu Zählrohrmessungen im Gelände(Herold, F.) Experimentelle Untersuchungen der bodennahen Luftströmungen am Hang und im ebenen Gelände(Hoffrogge, C.) Potsdamer erdmagnetische Kennziffern 4. Mitteilung(Bartels, J.) Tägliche Sonnenflecken-Relativzahlen für das 4. Vierteljahr 1938(Brunner, W.) Tägliche Sonnenflecken-Relativzahlen für das 1. Vierteljahr 1939(Brunner, W.) Referate und Mitteilungen(Bartels, J., Schulz, B., Müller, M., Bungers, R.) Berichtigungen Die topographische Reduktion der Lotabweichungen am Nanga Parbat mit Hilfe eines Diagramms(Breyer, F.) Bemerkungen zu dem vertikalen Gradienten der Schwere(Wegener, K.) Zur Frage der regionalen Verkoppelung von Erdbeben II(Tams, E.) Zur Frage Schwingweg-, Geschwindigkeits- oder Beschleunigungsmesser(Martin, H.) Berechnung der Dicke der Erdkruste und einiger physikalischer Eigenschaften aus mitteleuropäischen Nahbebenaufzeichnungen(Schmerwitz, G.) Seismische Untersuchungen des Geophysikalischen Instituts in Göttingen(Trommsdorff, F., Bungers, R.) Potsdamer erdmagnetische Kennziffern 5. Mitteilung(Bartels, J.) Tägliche Sonnenflecken-Relativzahlen für das 2. Vierteljahr 1939(Brunner, W.) Untersuchungen über die Bodenunruhe auf Sylt(Balensiefer, E., Büttner, K., Pfleiderer, H., Wetzel, W.) Die Bedeutung des Ausgleichungsverfahrens für die Auswertung von Nahbeben-Seismogrammen(Schmerwitz, G.) Ermittlung des Zustandes des Erdinneren aus dem Energieinhalt(Lorenz, H.) Die Bewegung der Kontinente und die Köppen-Wegenersche Polkurve(Becker, L.) Die Laufgeschwindigkeit c der Longitudinalwellen als Funktion der Temperatur(Wegener, K.) Referate und Mitteilungen(Suckstorff, G. A., Schneider, W.) Berichtigung(Schmerwitz, G.) Änderung des Mitglieder-Verzeichnisses (1937) Geophysikalische Berichte, research

This papers intends to show that Aristotle's theory on the political nature of man implies a specific difference in relation to other animals and that this does not arise from his understanding of human beings as naturally vulnerable animals that would seek in political life an artifice to redress their insufficiency or individual vulnerability to live. The qualitative difference of human beings in relation to other animals - including political species, such as bees or ants - drives them to an equally specific type of life, whose foundation obeys values that ca be universalized. The political application of these values does not correspond to what is done in the domestic sphere, nor does it correspond to the mere transposition to a quantitatively superior community, because the universality of political values is extracted from what is understood by human beings as necessary for the realization of man as man, not man as an element of nature.