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The paper maps the German theological debate on AI and transhumanism. Eleven topoi of theological discourse on AI and transhumanism are elaborated: the human as creator of the machine; human-like machine; machine-like human; end of sociality; end of (responsible) agency; end of freedom; reality control of machines; end of an ontology of creation; abolition of death; singularity; transhumanism as religion or ideology. The reconstructions of the topoi reveal a strong anthropological focus, whereby the emerging technology imaginary is strongly shaped by theological anthropology – rather than by current technologies. This phenomenon of a “mirror imaginary” is discussed as it concerns its implications for further theological reflection. Zusammenfassung: Das Paper kartiert die deutschsprachige theologische Debatte über KI und Transhumanismus. Herausgearbeitet werden elf Topoi theologischer Rede über KI und Transhumanismus: Der Menschen als Schöpfer der Maschine; menschgleiche Maschine; maschinengleicher Mensch; Ende der Sozialität; Ende des (verantwortlichen) Handelns; Ende der Freiheit; Wirklichkeitskontrolle der Maschinen; Ende der schöpfungshaften Ontologie; Abschaffung des Todes; Singularität; Transhumanismus als Religion oder Ideologie. Die Rekonstruktionen der Topoi zeigt eine starke anthropologische Fokussierung, wodurch die entstehende Technik-Imagination stark von der jeweiligen theologischen Anthropologie geprägt ist – und weniger von gegenwärtigen KI-Technologien. Dieses Phänomen der „Spiegelimagination“ wird abschließend auf die Implikationen für die weitere theologische Auseinandersetzung mit diesen Technologien hin diskutiert.

Against the backdrop of the societal differentiation of literacy, the paper investigates spelling variation in digital written communication beyond the binary paradigm of standard and nonstandard. To this end, the paper proposes a formal classification of digital spelling variants and then focuses on the socio-communicative functions of these variants in usage. Theoretically grounded in the notions of register and social indexicality, the paper discusses how spelling variants are metapragmatically ordered by social actors and deployed in text-messaging interactions in order to indicate interpretive context. To investigate these phenomena holistically, the paper furthermore presents a tripartite research framework that addresses digital writing regarding its I) structural variants, II) communicative practice, and III) reflexive awareness. Afterwards, this methodological approach is applied empirically. This is done based on a data set that includes samples of everyday literacy by 23 German adolescents: informal WhatsApp texting, on the one hand, formal school essays on the other. The exemplary analyses focus on phonostylistic spellings (e. g. elisions such as instead of ) and graphostylistic spellings (e. g. graphemic substitutions such as instead of ) in these WhatsApp interactions, reconstructing the metapragmatic status of standard orthography in digital writing. By combining structure-oriented, interactional, and ethnographic perspectives, the paper seeks a disciplinary dialogue by relating concepts of sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology not only to research fields of media linguistics but also to research on writing systems.

In essence, typologies of writing systems seek to classify the world’s diverse writing systems in principled ways. However, against backdrops of early, misguided assumptions (Gelb 1969 [1952]) and stubborn term confusions, most proposals have focused primarily on the dominant levels of representational mapping (i. e., morphemic, syllabic, or phonemic), despite their shortcomings as idealizations (Joyce 2016, forthcoming; Joyce and Borgwaldt 2011; Meletis 2018). In advocating for exploring a more diverse range of criteria, either as alternatives or complementary factors, this paper outlines a promising framework for organizing typology criteria (Meletis 2018; 2020), which consists of three broad categories; namely, (a) linguistic fit, (b) processing fit and (c) sociocultural fit. Linguistic fit concerns the match between a language and its writing system and, thus, relates closely to the traditional criterion of representational mapping. Processing fit pertains to the physiological and cognitive aspects of a writing system, such as word spacing. Finally, sociocultural fit addresses the communicative and social functions of writing systems, such as implementing orthographic reforms. In singling out a particular parameter from each category, the paper illustrates its potential application as a typology criterion with cross-linguistic observations from the German (GWS) and the Japanese writing systems (JWS).

This paper investigates personal name compounds (PN compounds) with a personal name in the second position and a lexeme or a proper name as a modifier (cf. Veggie-Renate). Based on 1194 types from the web corpus of the Digitales Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache (DWDS) and Twitter, the paper aims at testing the following hypotheses from the previous studies (Wildgen 1981, Kürschner 2020): PN compounds are infrequent, irregular and bear mainly an evaluative function. By drawing on the semantic relations holding between the components of nominal compounds in German (cf. Ortner et al. 1991), we provide evidence for 15 regular semantic patterns underlying PN compounds. However, these patterns cannot fully account for the properties of PN compounds as the patterns are too abstract and neglect the contextual factors and extra-linguistic knowledge about the name bearer. Therefore, to arrive at the properties of PN compounds, semantic patterns must be pragmatically enriched in the context by taking into account the linguistic knowledge about the modifier, the linguistic context and knowledge about the name bearer that is not included in the semantic pattern. Furthermore, apart from their evaluative function, PN compounds also evoke knowledge about the name bearer’s appearance, function, occupation, origin or participation in a social event. Finally, the analysis indicates a large frequency of PN compounds in DWDS and Twitter compared to the German Reference Corpus (DeReKo).

Recent research activities in dynamic pressure metrology have been mainly focusing on the development of primary standards like the shock tube or drop-weight apparatus to establish traceability to SI. However, these calibration facilities require a high level of expertise leading to elaborate and time-consuming calibrations. The development of secondary calibrators, based on the reference sensor principle, offering efficient and cost-effective calibrations is essential to meet the needs for industry and to disseminate the dynamic pressure quantity to a wide end-user community. This paper reports a novel secondary calibrator for dynamic pressure measurements up to 300 bar with an expanded uncertainty of about 3.0 %. A heating option enable calibrations at elevated temperatures up to 200 °C making it an ideal solution for convenient calibrations of dynamic pressure transducers used for measurement in internal combustion engine applications.

This paper contributes to the typology of “active-stative” split intransitivity and middle voice with a detailed case study: it proceeds from a typological comparison of the two phenomena, which are usually treated apart, to an analysis of the Enets data and a discussion of its place in the typology of possible intransitive splits. Enets (Uralic, Samoyedic) has two classes of intransitive verbs, and each class uses its own cross-reference paradigm in all finite forms. The paper provides an account of the morphology of this intransitive split and its connection to the lexical aspect, followed by an overview of semantic composition of the two lexical classes; special attention is given to cases of class variation available for a dozen verbs. The research is based on the data of a fieldworkers’ corpus and thus also shows the advantages of a corpus-based approach to this phenomenon.

The paper investigates two related questions that concern the realization of plural morphology on nouns across languages. The first question is whether markedness in the sense of complexity in form goes hand in hand with complexity in meaning. In other words, since plural nouns are formally more complex than singular nouns, does that mean that they differ in interpretation? On the basis of experimental and theoretical investigations the claim is supported that plurals, although morphologically more complex than singulars, are semantically unmarked across languages. The second question is what regulates the presence of plural morphology in numeral-noun constructions across languages, in light of the proposal that plural appears on nouns in such constructions only if it is semantically unmarked. The paper offers an explanation of this distribution by adopting a dual system of agreement, which distinguishes between CONCORD and INDEX features. By looking at these two questions, the paper makes a contribution to the discussion of the relationship between semantic and morphological markedness.

My paper discusses the controversial relationship between literature and literary studies by using the example of the term ›migration literature‹. It demonstrates in the first part that ›migration literature‹ as a term in literary studies does not expose explications of rational reconstructions of a conceptual content in Harald Fricke’s and Klaus Weimar’s understanding. In its history (Adelson 1991; 2004), ›migration literature‹ goes back to a chain of different terms and definitions as Gastarbeiter- or Ausländerliteratur and reflects strategies of homogenization and exclusion. From the 1980s forward, those terms produce in cultural contexts a semantic field that propagates culture based on a definition of ex negativo (Tafazoli 2019). The first part of my paper describes an outline of influences of homogenization and reductionism on the discourses of migration in literary studies and explains in the second part an asymmetrical relationship between motive on the one hand and terminology on the other. The term ›migration literature‹ seems to dominate this relationship by determination of a source of ›accepted truths‹ related to the life and background – specifically to the place of birth and the origin – of the author (Bay 2017). By prioritization of criteria beyond narrative reality, literary studies led in the 1980s and 1990s discourses on migration on the sidelines of canon of German speaking literature (Weigel 1991; Wilpert 2001). With regard to terminological determination in order to produce interpretative sovereignty (Foucault 1994), my paper exemplifies in the second part that the term ›migration literature‹ collects selected and limited fields of social, historical and political knowledge in perspective adjustment and in order to classify literature beyond aesthetic criteria. By this means, inductive standards (Müller 2010a; 2010b) classify the literary object ›migration‹ ontologically and regardless of factuality of the author’s life on the one hand and fictionality of narrative text on the other. The ontological classification has been used, for example, in contexts that replace the figure of stranger (Fremder) by the figure of migrant and determines the latter as figuration of external space of culture. The replacement suggests a perspective rigidity in the cultural production of knowledge that flows into a terminological classification and claims with the term ›migration literature‹ sovereignty over culture. From this point of view, the author and his work should be located in the external space of canonized literature. The second part of my paper comes to the conclusion that the term ›migration literature‹ has been developed in politicized frames of external-textual ›accepted truths‹ and bases its stability on cultural essentialism and exclusion regardless of heterogenetic appearance (Bhatti 2015). With regard to theories of »literature on the move« (Ette 2001), my paper understands that migration has always formed a considerable part of literary production. Therefore, migration could be understood as a literary motive. This meaning would undermine an ontological understanding of culture. Narrative texts develop poetics of migration and create by figurations of migration a poly-perspectivity in which migration advances to a polysemantic motive. My paper discusses these thoughts in the context of cultural memory in the third part and understands varied and multifaceted constructions of cultural memory on all sides of cultural borders. This part confronts the asymmetrical relationship between motive and terminology with discussions on migration as narrative of cultural memory that belongs to cultural majority and minority equally, at the same time and in the same space. Based on this understanding, my paper argues that migration as a motive construct shapes and leads discourses of culture under the conditions of global re-formation. The shift of the perspective from conceptual classification to close-readings of literary constructions should lead us to considerations about the openness of the narrative in distinction to terminological unity and should also initiate a paradigm shift in locating migration in discourses of literary studies. The theoretical considerations will be exemplified in the fourth section by Mohammad Hossein Allafis Frankfurter Trilogie that is a collection of the novels Die Nächte am Main (1998), Die letzte Nacht mit Gabriela (2000) and Gabriela findet einen Stapel Papier (2012). The fourth part of my paper examines in Frankfurter Trilogie a reading that integrates migration as a motive into the discourse of cultural memory of global challenges. Using the example of the Trilogie, this part of my paper demonstrates that discussions on migration in the context of cultural memory could initiate a shift in the perspective of reception from conceptual homogenization to narrative openness. The shift of perspective shows that literature translates the questions of community into the aesthetic perception of the form of culture and civilization in which the community actually articulates and appears itself and shows also that reading of migration as a statement about one nation has lost its explanatory power. The last part of my paper resumes my thoughts and takes position in the current fields of research in literary studies.

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der wachsenden Westenfeindlichkeit in den islamischen Ländern, welches derzeit vor allem in Medien und Politik konstruiert wird und die Wahrnehmung der westlichen Staaten und ihrer Werte maßgeblich beeinflusst, so dass die Verwestlichung mit moralischer Dekadenz in der Welt gleichgesetzt wird. Das Ziel dieses Beitrages besteht darin, die politischen und islamistischen Hintergründe der Westenfeindlichkeit zu erschließen und die aktuellen Diskussionen zur Stellung der westlichen Werte in islamisch geprägten Kulturen zu erörtern. (DIPF/Orig.) : This article deals with the growing hostility towards the Western world in Islamic countries, which is currently being constructed above all in the media and in politics and is significantly influencing the perception of Western states and their values, so that westernisation is equated with moral decadence in the world. The aim of this paper is to describe the political and Islamist backgrounds of hostility towards the Western world and discuss the consequences of the current discussions in Islamic-influenced cultures. (DIPF/Orig.)

Bei der gesetzlichen Pflichtablieferung von Netzpublikationen kooperiert die Badische Landesbibliothek mit der Württembergischen Landesbibliothek, dem Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum Baden-Württemberg und der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek. Entstanden sind dabei fünf innovative Dienste zur Archivierung von Amtsdruckschriften, E-Books, E-Journals, E-Papers und Websites. Diese ermöglichen es, wesentliche Teile des textbasierten digitalen Kulturerbes aus Baden zu sichern – wir berichten hier über den aktuellen Stand unserer Sammlung.

This paper is about the compositional interpretation of adverbial clauses as introduced by insofern als (lit. ‘insofar as’) in German (= IAs); for example, Die Lösung ist insofern attraktiv, als sie günstig ist. (lit. ‘The solution is insofar attractive as it is cheap.’). I argue that IAs always contribute dimensional restrictions, but do so in two distinct structure-sensitive ways: IAs can be structurally integrated into their host clauses and, thus, dimensionally specify a lexical component of the matrix VP (= LIAs) (‘The solution is attractive in price.’); alternatively, they can be structurally non-integrated and, thus, provide a dimension against which the matrix sentence is evaluated holistically (= SIAs) (‘In light of the fact that the solution is cheap, one may say that it is attrac­tive.’). The proposal is supported by both syntactic and semantic-pragmatic evidence: (i) LIAs and SIAs are distinguished by independently motivated tests for structural (non)integration such as scope of negation and particles, focus-background structure, and variable binding. (ii) LIAs are sensitive to a lexically given multidimensional matrix predication. SIAs, by contrast, require that the embedded clause specify an objective justification for the truth of the matrix proposition as a whole. In particular, IAs are shown to not pass tests for subjectivity as discussed for finden (‘find’); for example, judge- dependency, resistance against denial, or, accessibility of a subjective attitude. The paper concludes by sketching a formal derivation of both readings. Accordingly, LIAs constrain the dimensional parameter of multidimensional lexical predications, while SIAs provide facts that de re justify the assertibility of predications for topic situations.

The use of punctuation in German incunabula is often described as arbitrary, irregular, and unsystematic (cf. Masalon 2014: 54–56). This concerns the inventory, frequency, and function of punctuation marks as well as pragmatic aspects such as how typesetters treated punctuation in their respective target texts. In this paper, punctuation is not seen as an independent linguistic subsystem, but as a means of text segmentation that – along with other measures (e. g. capital letters, pilcrows, and white space) – was used to structure a text with respect to its formal appearance, helping the reader to decode information. This case study is based on a corpus of German pamphlets written by the Bohemian astrologer Wenzel Faber and printed annually beginning in 1481 at various print shops, principally in Leipzig and Nuremberg. The analysis finds significant changes in the editions before and after 1490. These changes include an increasing consistency in the intensity of text segmentation, and a use of capital letters and punctuation marks developed from a polyfunctional to a monofunctional approach. Finally, different types of text segmentation are proposed, each characterized by a specific relationship between its frequency and its function. Despite this overall tendency, one must still take into account that typesetters followed individual punctuation practices in their search for suitable forms of text segmentation.

ZusammenfassungThis paper analyses the increase in the use of the preterite in spoken Alemannic in south-western Germany. There are almost no recent studies that explore the preterite in Upper German because of the widespread hypothesis that there is no preterite in Upper German (except for the verbsein‘to be’) due to the loss of the preterite in Upper German (Oberdeutscher Präteritumschwund). In contrast to this, I account for a language change in the timespan from 1974 to 2013 in which the preterite becomes more frequent in relation to the perfect and is now part of the spoken Alemannic in south-western Germany. To account for this, I use a combination of a real time and an apparent time analysis. Additionally, all verbs forming a preterite have a specific semantic value, i. e. an inherent meaning of state. This means they are durative (=the situation lasts for a certain period of time), atelic (=the situation has no terminal point at which the situation is complete) and non-dynamic (=the situation involves no change). Perfect forms on the other hand do not have this specific semantic value.

Despite their high frequency in present-day language, German proper name compounds have received little attention in the linguistic literature. It has been assumed that this pattern is rather recent, and possibly a loan from English. Focusing on the period between 1600 and 1900, the paper provides evidence against this claim. More specifically, I argue that the development of proper name compounds can only be properly described if proper name compounds that are names themselves (e. g., Martin-Luther-Universität ‘Martin Luther University’) are strictly distinguished from those that are common nouns (e. g., Nilfahrt ‘Nile ride’). It is shown that both types develop differently, and in particular that common noun compounds undergo a functional extension in this period. In this connection the paper also discusses the idea of proper name compounds as competitors of the genitive and it compares proper name compounds and alternative constructions with respect to the concept of the “Nominalklammer” (nominal frame).

This paper discusses surface optionality in focus fronting in the Benue-Congo language Igbo. A focused XP can occur in-situ or ex-situ. We argue that the optionality does not have its origins in the syntax: in fact, exactly one focused XP has to move to the designated focus position in the left periphery in the syntax. The alternation between in-situ and ex-situ rather arises at PF: either the lowest or the topmost copy of the focus chain is pronounced. The choice is determined by semantic-pragmatic factors, i. e., we see an interaction between PF and LF. This constitutes a challenge for a strict version of the Y-model of grammar.

Ende der 1970er-Jahre formierte sich im US-amerikanischen Kino ein neuer Genrezyklus. Ausgehend von der Space Opera im Kino, für die George Lucas’ Star Wars paradigmatisch ist, begründete sich Fantasy erstmals als eigenständiges filmisches Genre in Abgrenzung vom Märchen und der Fantastik. Der Enthusiasmus für Pen-&-Paper-Rollenspiele und die anhaltende J. R. R. Tolkien-Begeisterung kulminierte in den folgenden Jahren in einer Reihe von Filmen, die die Vielfalt moderner Filmtechnik und -produktion aufnahm, forcierte und weiterentwickelte: Vom Live-Action-Film (Conan the Barbarian) über Puppenanimation (The Dark Crystal) bis hin zum Animationsfilm (The Last Unicorn) reichte das Spektrum der Filme, an denen George Lucas ebenso wie Jim Henson und die damals hinter ihnen stehenden Produktionsfirmen führend beteiligt waren. Die zeitgenössische Kritik hatte diese Filme als konservative, zuweilen gar reaktionäre Genrespielarten abgeschrieben. Dagegen entfaltet der vorliegende Essay eine (historische) Poetik des US-amerikanischen Fantasyfilms. Mit seinen filmanalytischen Fallstudien zeigt der Band auf, wie die Filme der Jahre 1977 bis 1987 in eine spezifische Filmkultur eingebettet sind und wie der Genrezyklus als Teil des Hollywood-Systems den Siegeszug des Blockbusterkinos in den 1990er-Jahre vorbereitet und maßgeblich beeinflusst hat.

Real estate markets have been all but neglected by historical research. Following a workshop held in Bielefeld in September 2019, this volume seeks to contribute to a better understanding of their characteristics. The introduction starts out with a definition of some key concepts. It then summarizes the state of historical research and argues for a focus on the social and institutional embeddedness of real estate markets. The introduction also gives an outline of the individual papers and a brief summary of some overall findings.

Real estate markets have been all but neglected by historical research. Following a workshop held in Bielefeld in September 2019, this volume seeks to contribute to a better understanding of their characteristics. The introduction starts out with a definition of some key concepts. It then summarizes the state of historical research and argues for a focus on the social and institutional embeddedness of real estate markets. The introduction also gives an outline of the individual papers and a brief summary of some overall findings.

In this paper, it is argued that the principle of monoinflection governing the distribution of strong and weak adjective inflection in the New High German noun phrase (NP) definitively became established in the 18th century. Empirical evidence for this assumption is provided by the findings of three corpus studies based on the historical corpus ›Deutsches Textarchiv‹ (German Text Archive). Focusing on three different constructional types within the NP, the evolving distribution of strong and weak adjective inflection is studied for the period from 1600 to 1900. Based on the findings of the three corpus studies, further structural tendencies in the (re)organization of the New High German NP and their interaction with the principle of monoinflection are discussed.

In dieser Arbeit wird eine Temperaturregelung für einen hocheffizienten und damit gut isolierten Extruder ohne aktive Kühlung vorgestellt. Über Heizbänder wird Wärme zugeführt. Die Abfuhr der Wärme erfolgt vornehmlich durch den Transport des Granulats bzw. durch die Schmelze. Basierend auf einen Finiten Volumina Modell für die Wärmeverteilung im Extruder wird eine Modellprädikative Regelung für den Extruderzylinder entworfen. Der Wärmefluss zwischen Zylinder und Kunststoffschmelze wird mithilfe eines Störgrößenbeobachters so erfasst, dass er in der Regelung entsprechend berücksichtigt werden kann. Die Modellprädikative Regelung berechnet geeignete Verläufe der Solltemperaturen der Heizbänder um gewünschte Temperaturprofile zu erreichen. Die Tauglichkeit des vorgeschlagenen Regelkonzepts für Extrusionsstart, Arbeitspunktwechsel und Störszenarien wird durch Simulationen, aber vor allem durch Versuche belegt. This paper presents a temperature control concept for a highly efficient and thus well isolated extruder without active cooling. Heat is supplied via heating bands. The heat is removed mainly by the transport of the granulate or by the melt. Based on a finite volume model for the heat distribution in an extruder, a model predictive control for the extruder barrel is designed. The heat flow between the barrel and the melt is measured with the help of a disturbance observer so that it can be taken into account in the control concept. The model predictive control calculates suitable temperature trajectories for the heating bands to achieve desired temperature profiles in the extruder. The suitability of the proposed control concept for extrusion startups, operating point changes and disturbance scenarios is proven by simulations but above all by experiments. Osterreichische Forschungsforderungsgesellschaft 881844 Version of record

Es gibt immer mehr Literatur, in der die Bedeutung des digitalen Geschichtenerzählens in der Lebenswelt von Schüler:innen untersucht wird. Ausgehend von ambivalenten Narrativen in religionsbezogenen Erklärfilmen von MrWissen2go alias Mirko Drotschmann fragt vorliegender Beitrag nach Perspektiven einer aktuellen Didaktik der Kirchengeschichte: erstens bezüglich Kirchengeschichte als Zugang zur religiösen Deutung der Wirklichkeit in säkularer Zeit, zweitens hinsichtlich postkolonial revidierter Ansätze und drittens in Bezug auf die Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung. Insgesamt leistet dieser Aufsatz einen innovativen Beitrag zu neueren historiographischen und didaktischen Debatten über Religion und Bildung heute. (DIPF/Orig.) There is a growing body of literature recognizing the importance of digital storytelling in the living environment of students. Based on ambivalent narratives in religion-related explanatory films produced by MrWissen2go alias Mirko Drotschmann the article focusses on new perspectives of teaching church history: firstly, on church history as an approach to religious interpretation of reality in secular times, secondly, on postcolonial revised approaches in Church history, and thirdly, on the challenges of digitality. In sum, this paper contributes to recent historiographical as well as didactical debates concerning religion and education today. (DIPF/Orig.)

Der Beitrag diskutiert alltagspolitische Intervention von Arbeiter*innen zu ihrer „Systemrelevanz“ demokratietheoretisch. Die These lautet, dass objektiv und subjektiv ein fundamentaler, in der Wissenschaft viel zu wenig beachteter Zusammenhang von sozialer Demokratie und gesellschaftlichem Charakter von (Lohn-)Arbeit besteht. Der Beitrag beginnt mit einer illustrativen Darstellung alltagspolitischer Interventionen zu Systemrelevanz, diskutiert anschließend den Zusammenhang von Arbeitsbegriff und Demokratie und aktualisiert diesen Zugang mit Bezug auf die ökofeministische Debatte und einen Begriff von Arbeit als fürsorglicher Praxis. Abschließend wird die diskurspolitische Umwandlung von Arbeiter*innen in „Helden“ als Angriff auf soziale Demokratie skizziert. The article discusses the everyday political intervention of workers in terms of their “systemic relevance” in terms of democracy theory. The thesis is that objectively and subjectively there is a fundamental connection between social democracy and the societal character of (wage) work, which has received too little attention in scholarship. The paper begins with an account of everyday political interventions regarding systemic relevance, subsequently discusses the connection between the concepts of work and democracy, and updates this approach with reference to the ecofeminist debate and a concept of work as caring practice. Finally, the political transformation of workers into “heroes” in discourse is outlined as an attack on social democracy.

There is a use of the German third person neuter pronounesesin the prefield, known as prefield-eses, which is characterized by being neither referential, nor an argument of the verb. According to Speyer’s (2008, 2009) optimality theoretic prefield ranking, this should only occur if a sentence contains no alternative element eligible to be moved to the prefield. This paper investigates a so far unnoticed use ofesesin the prefield in combination with a demonstrative pronoundiesand a copula verbist, which will be referred to asEs ist dies-sentence. This construction is an instance of prefield-eses, but contravenes the expectations about the use of prefield-esespostulated by Speyer, sinceEs ist dies-sentences do contain a suitable candidate to fill the prefield, the demonstrative pronoundies. In a corpus study,Es ist dies-sentences are compared to a sample ofDies ist-sentences. According to the corpus data,Es ist diesoccurs predominantly in southern dialects. Significant differences between the two samples concern 1) the distance to the antecedent ofdiesand 2) the type of content of the sentence. An online rating study, that compared acceptability judgments ofEs ist dies-sentences between speakers from different regions, confirmed thatEs ist dies-sentences are a phenomenon of southern dialects. In the light of these results, a modification of Speyer’s (2008, 2009) Stochastic OT model is proposed.

The present paper is concerned with the German adnominal demonstrative pronouns dessen und deren when these are used in place of the third-person possessive pronouns, in order to avoid ambiguities in resolution (Hans1 arbeitet mit Max2 und seiner1/2 Frau / Hans1 arbeitet mit Max2 und dessen2 Frau ‘Hans works with Max and his wife’). The central aim of the paper is to present and discuss the different possibilities available in Italian to translate German dessen und deren. The investigation is carried out on the basis of a corpus of literary texts.

A certain class of predicates in German optionally allows for their complement clause to appear as coordinated with the matrix clause rather than embedded into it. This construction, which I will call Implicational Complement Coordination, exhibits all the hallmark properties of Asymmetric Coordination: Despite technically being in a conjunct position, the clause in question behaves like a subordinate clause with respect to asymmetric binding, asymmetric scope of negation and adverbs as well as asymmetric extraction. Based on the detailed description of the phenomenon by Reis (1993), it can be shown that this coordinate construction mimics its infinitival counterpart with respect to these syntactic tests. In this paper, I argue that this can be accounted for by saying that the coordinate construction is derived on the basis of its subordinate counterpart by means of movement. The subordinate properties of the second conjunct then derive from its derivational history as a subordinate clause. Further, I will show that even though other cases of Asymmetric Coordination (in German) lack a minimally different infinitival counterpart, they can and should still be derived from an underlyingly subordinate syntax.

This explorative study focuses on grammatical taboos in German, morphosyntactic constructions which are subject to stigmatisation, as they regularly occur in standard languages. They are subjected to systematic experimental testing in a questionnaire study with gradient rating scales on two salient and two non-salient grammatical taboo phenomena of German. The study is divided into three subexperiments with different judgement types, an aesthetic judgement, a norm-oriented judgement and the sort of possibility judgement that comes closest to linguists’ understanding of grammar. Included in the investigated material are also examples of ordinary gradient grammaticality: unmarked, marked and ungrammatical sentences. The empirical characteristics of grammatical taboos are compared to those ordinary cases with the finding that they are rated at the level of markedness, but differ from ordinary markedness in that they produce a different pattern of between-subject variance. In addition, we find that grammatical taboos have a particular disadvantage under the aesthetic judgement type. The paper also introduces the concept of empirical grammaticality as a necessary theoretical cornerstone for empirical linguistics. Methodically, the study applies a mix of parametric and non-parametric methods of statistical analysis.

The boom in new theories of resonance is most certainly due to an intellectual atmosphere closely linked to the so-called “affective turn” in the humanities. The paper compares some theories of resonance or responsivity such as Thomas Fuchs’ phenomenological-psychopathological analysis of resonance and Bernhard Waldenfels’ phenomenology of responsivity with a sociological research on resonance by which Hartmut Rosa aims at contrasting the capitalist dictatorship of the growth-acceleration-innovation triad and the resulting loss of bodily resonance in the modern age, and above all with Hermann Schmitz’s (neo) phenomenology idea of felt-bodily (leiblich) communication. My aim is to show that by providing a neophenomenological approach to atmospheric perception – viewed as an affective and pre-reflexive bodily communication triggered by a spatial feeling whose sounding board is our Leib – a pathic aesthetics can assign both a diagnostic and a therapeutic value to the concept of resonance. This furthermore means that a sociology also attentive to the bodily and pre-linguistic dimension and a phenomenology also attentive to situative and historical-collective dimensions, both being able to focus on the pathicity of everyday life, may find an unexpected but promising point of contact.

This paper starts from the question of how the perception of an invective in Late Republican Rome is influenced, when it follows strictly the rules of the ars rhetorica. Since speaker and audience will have undergone the same rhetorical training, both sides have clear ideas about the rules of the genre, as they can be reconstructed from the surviving textbooks. At the same time, it can be shown on the basis of ancient evidence that insults were perceived not only more effective, but also as socially more acceptable if they arose unprepared from the situation – or if they gave exactly this impression. In the case of invective, thus, a speaker must make a special effort not to let his preparation become visible. For this purpose, he can, on the one hand, resort to the technique of artificial orality and apparent spontaneity and, in this way, take the usual dissimulatio artis to extremes. On the other hand, he can deliberately deviate from the rules of textbooks, resulting in a strong tendency of invective to a permanent innovation. This will be demonstrated by the example of some passages from Cicero's speech pro Caelio from 56 BC.

This paper argues that Wittgenstein, both early and late, rejects the idea that the logically simpler and more fundamental case is that of “the mere sign” and that what a meaningful symbol is can be explained through the elaboration of an appropriately supplemented conception of the sign: the sign plus something (say, an interpretation or an assignment of meaning). Rather the sign, in the logically fundamental case of its mode of occurrence, is an internal aspect of the symbol. The Tractatus puts this point as follows: “The sign is that in the symbol which is perceptible by the senses.” Conversely, this means that it is essential to a symbol – to what a symbol is – that it have an essentially perceptible aspect. For Wittgenstein there is no privileged direction of explanatory priority between symbol and sign here: without signs there are no symbols (hence without language there is no thought) and without some sort of relation to symbols there are no signs (hence the philosopher’s concept of the supposedly “merely linguistic” presupposes an internal relation to symbols).

A popular thesis in both traditional and also structural dialectology is that vowels of the same class change in the same manner – this is called “Reihenschrittgesetz” (= parallel movement law) (cf. Pfalz 1918). The aim of this paper is to re-examine this “law” by investigating recent reflexes of MHG ê – œ – ô in traditional rural South and South-Central Bavarian dialects. Based on a comprehensive dialectal survey, real- and apparent-time comparisons are applied. The results of both qualitative and quantitative analysis (principal component analysis, cluster analysis) reveal that there is no clear evidence for the validity of the “Reihenschrittgesetz”. Instead variety contact (horizontal and vertical convergence) provides a sufficient explanation for most of the occurring changes. As an internal factor lexical diffusion appears to be important.

This paper deals with the so-called ‘Flugschrift’ (i. e. pamphlet) as a specific medial arrangement resp. form of communication in early modern age, which not only allowed a wide and rapid spread of popular texts, but also provided increased opportunities for follow-on communications and interactive debate. Interactivity is an essential dimension of invective communication. It is argued that the ‘Flugschriften’ afforded the escalative dynamics of invective, which shaped the early modern public sphere. These dynamics entailed furthermore distinctive connections and transformations of visual and rhetorical genres and practices in pamphlet literature. These correlations will be demonstrated by the examples of the Reuchlin-Pfefferkorn debate and Luthers invectives against the papal bull ‘Exsurge Domine’.

This article discusses the origin and historical development of the German n-indefinite kein, which is an unusual negator because it does not share the initial n that marks virtually all other negatives in German. Despite the discussion about its origins going back to the nineteenth century, it is still unclear how kein first emerged and out of which other forms it developed. In this paper, new light is shed on an old controversy using new data and modern corpus-linguistic tools, in this case the Referenzkorpus Mittelhochdeutsch (ReM). The article first summarises the current state of research before presenting and analysing the data. In combination with additional evidence, the results show that certain hypotheses that have to this day been treated as accurate are in fact not viable. Subsequently, a solution that combines some of the existing theses and is compatible with the data is presented: Morphological reanalysis and the ensuing back-formation of keins predecessor nehein in combination with a phonologically conditioned sound substitution triggered by a shift of the syllable boundary in the context of negative concord seems the most likely candidate for an accurate explanation of the emergence and early usage patterns of kein in Middle High German. Incongruent evidence from Swiss German, however, suggests that partially convergent developments ensuing from different indefinite forms have taken place in that variety. (VLID)6266186

The paper reveals the backstage of a modern Dutch poetry anthology Gedichte aus Belgien und den Niederlanden (1977), published by an East-German publisher Volk & Welt. An analysis of the surviving correspondence, publishing reviews, and peritexts (afterwords) has shown the mechanisms of transfer in lite- rary translation to the GDR. This historical-literary case study illustrates the ways in which the political and cultural function of anthologies enabled the introducti- on of formal/content innovations into the East German literary system. NCN, 2019/33/B/HS2/0017 66 1 1 23 Internationales Archiv fuer die Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur

The paper addresses an under-researched chapter in the history of the Jewish Reform movement which is at the same time a commonly overlooked period in the biography of Leopold Zunz (1794–1886), one of the founding members of Wissenschaft des Judentums. By placing his eight-month appointment as a preacher to the Reform synagogue in Prague in its socio-political and biographical contexts, the article sheds new light at Zunz’s commitment for the religious renewal of Judaism. A schematic comparison between the development of the Reform movement in the German lands and the Habsburg Monarchy, at the beginning of the nineteenth century highlights the role of state involvement into internal Jewish affairs. Finally, the analysis of Zunz’s Synagogenordnung from 1836, according to the original manuscript from the National Library of Israel, allows a re-evaluation of the (Reform) synagogue as an institution for social disciplining of its members.

In this paper, from the perspective of the migration context in Madrid, we look at the only officially Hispanophone country in Africa: Equatorial Guinea. After a detailed introduction to Equatorial Guinea’s history and languages, we offer an overview of the Equatoguinean migration to Spain and its current situation. In the main part of the article, we discuss three linguistic characteristics of Spanish spoken by people of Equatoguinean origin. In order to do so, we use a corpus of 24 sociolinguistic life-story interviews, conducted in Madrid in 2017 and 2018. The selected features represent different linguistic levels: syntax (variable use of prepositions in the constructionir‘to go’ + prepositionaoren+ destination), semantics (use of the verbsoír‘to hear’ andescuchar‘to listen’), and pragmatics (discursive use oftío/tía‘[literally:] uncle/aunt’). To gain a better understanding, we consider the sociolinguistic context of Equatorial Guinea and compare our results with other contact varieties of Spanish. Altogether, this study offers an insight into the Equatoguinean diaspora in Madrid and at the same time makes a contribution to the modern description of Equatoguinean Spanish.

This paper analyzes the non-standard use of the apostrophe in modern German texts. Traditionally, it is assumed that the apostrophe has a purely phonographic function in German, even though the first examples of non-phonographic apostrophes date back to the 17th century. Still today, spellings with non-phonographic apostrophes, such as die Pizza’s, are considered as mistakes or misspellings. However, the in-depth analysis of these spellings reveals that the vast majority of non-phonographic apostrophes are not used at haphazard. They rather indicate information about the morphological structure of words: they either mark the right border of their left context, the left border of their right context or the morphological border as such. Interestingly, the number of morphologically motivated spellings has increased considerably during the last decades. This can be explained by an extension of possible contexts. In this paper, I argue that the morphographic apostrophe spreads from a prototypical construction, namely the s-genitive of person names, to other contexts, such as nominal plural or denominal adverbs. I furthermore illustrate that both the left and the right context of the apostrophe may serve as a starting point for the propagation of the morphographic apostrophe.

This paper examines the relationship between accommodation processes and social norms in varietal choice within tertiary education in Austria. The investigation consists of (a) a content analysis of metalinguistic statements in semi-structured interviews and (b) a variable rule analysis of actual language variation in university lectures. The findings show that there are norms prescribing that listeners must have at least be able to comprehend a particular variety, whereas accommodation to actual language use does not appear to be required to the same extent. However, the norms depend strongly on group membership: while there is a norm prescribing the use of the standard variety in the presence of speakers of German as a foreign language, there is no such norm for Austrians vis-à-vis people from Germany, although speakers from both groups may lack the ability to understand the respective nonstandard varieties. This difference can be explained by the sociocultural context and differing language attitudes. (VLID)5375373

Der Beitrag erörtert die Entwicklung des Video-Streaming-Marktes und die Bedeutung für Öffentliche und wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken. Dabei geht er auch auf die Spezialisierung bestimmter Anbieter ein. Zusammenfassend ist festzuhalten, dass Streaming von AV-Medien vor allem für Öffentliche Bibliotheken ein wertvolles Zusatzangebot für Nutzende darstellt, für wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken hinsichtlich der Dauerhaftigkeit, Zitierfähigkeit und Nachnutzbarkeit von Ressourcen noch wesentliche Fragen ungelöst bleiben. The paper discusses the development of the video streaming market and its importance for public and academic libraries. It also deals with the specialization of certain providers. In summary, it can be said that streaming of AV media is a valuable additional service for users, especially for public libraries, but for academic libraries essential questions regarding the persistence, citation and subsequent use of resources remain unsolved.

Magazines bring together heterogeneous texts – texts various in content, genre, and authorship. This affects the ways magazines produce knowledge. They not only accumulate individual articles but in doing so also offer the possibility to compare between the articles. Using examples from German World War I magazines, this paper demonstrates the comparative epistemological potential of the magazine.

This paper aims to investigate the descriptions of traumatic life experiences of refugees from the DDR in literature and film. This essay examines the novel Lagerfeuer (2003) of Julia Franck and the film version Westen (2013) directed by Christian Schwochow. The two East Germans artists show the existential traumas of those people who had to leave their homes from different perspectives and in different artistic genres.

Der Beitrag folgt dem Vorhaben, ���Regieanweisungen��� in Elfriede Jelineks Theatertexten als ���szenische Stellen��� zu verhandeln. Diese nehmen Vermittlungs- oder ��bersetzungsfunktionen zwischen der als ���Autorin��� inszenierten persona und der Institution Theater einerseits sowie zwischen Text und Auff��hrung andererseits ein. Um die Verfahren und Funktionsweisen von Jelineks ���szenischen Stellen��� herauszuarbeiten, greift der Beitrag auf eine von der ���Notation��� aus gerichtete Forschungsperspektive zur��ck. Eine solche Fokussierung erm��glicht es, so lautet die grundlegende Annahme, ��bersetzungsleistungen zwischen Schrift, Stimmen und Kl��ngen sowie damit verkoppelte Problematiken der Begrenzung und Potenz von Aufschreibe- wie auch Auff��hrungspraktiken in ihren sozio-politischen, medialen und historischen Kontexten vordergr��ndig werden zu lassen. Hierf��r kommen zun��chst Metaphoriken (Echokammer, Partitur, Poly- und Heterophonie) in den Blick, die vielfach zur Beschreibung von Jelineks Texten dienen. Jelineks Textverfahren werden als ��bersetzungspraxis zwischen Notation und Klangph��nomenen ausgewiesen, die Br��che in der medialen und kulturellen ��bertragung mitverhandelt. Der Beitrag spricht sich in diesem Sinne daf��r aus, das Heterophone in der Beschreibungssprache zu bevorzugen, um Jelineks Praxis des ��bersetzens begrifflich einzuholen. Im anschlie��enden Abschnitt werden Modulationen von ���szenischen Stellen��� in Jelineks St��cken als ���kleine Formen��� untersucht, um eine Ausdifferenzierung der komplexen medialen Operationen ihrer ���notierenden��� Textverfahren anzuregen., The article follows the attempt to negotiate ���stage directions��� in Elfriede Jelinek���s theater texts as ���scenic passages���. These take on mediating or translating functions between the persona staged as ���author��� and the institution of theater on the one hand, and between text and performance on the other. To elaborate the modes of operation of Jelinek���s ���scenic passages,��� the article resorts to a research perspective directed from the field of ���notation.��� The basic assumption is that such a focus makes it possible to foreground translation processes between writing, voices, and sounds, as well as the interconnected problematics of the limitation and potency of notation in their socio-political, medial, and historical contexts. For this purpose, metaphors (echo-chamber, score, poly- and heterophony), which often serve to describe Jelinek���s texts, are first brought into view. Jelinek���s textual procedures are shown to be a practice of translation between notation and sound phenomena, which negotiates ruptures in medial and cultural transmission. In this sense, the paper argues for privileging the heterophonic in descriptive language in order to conceptually catch up with Jelinek���s practice of translation. In the subsequent section, modulations of ���scenic passages��� in Jelinek���s plays are examined as ���small forms��� in order to stimulate a differentiation of the complex medial operations of her ���notating��� textual procedures.

Der Artikel geht von der Frage aus, wie gesellschaftliche und staatliche Diskriminierung religiöser Minderheiten in säkularen Staaten mit durch die Verfassung garantierter Religionsfreiheit erklärt werden kann. Damit im Zusammenhang steht die Frage, weshalb nicht alle religiösen Minderheiten diskriminiert werden. Die Hypothese ist, dass die Diskriminierung nicht durch abweichende Lebensführung, sondern durch abweichenden Glauben ausgelöst wird, wobei die Möglichkeit abweichenden Glaubens logisch voraussetzt, dass auch in säkularen Gesellschaften die Legitimation der fundamentalen Institutionen mit der Anerkennung bestimmter Glaubensinhalte verbunden ist. Der erste Teil der Argumentation behandelt theoretische Aspekte der Struktur und Legitimation sozialer Institutionen sowie die metaphysischen Voraussetzungen der säkularen Deontologie. Im zweiten Teil werden die theoretischen Überlegungen am Beispiel der Diskriminierung religiöser Minderheiten in Deutschland erläutert. The paper starts with the question how the discrimination of some religious minorities in secular societies with constitutional freedom of religious belief can be explained, while at the same time other religious minorities are not discriminated against. The central hypotheses are that it is in fact nonconforming religious belief rather than nonconforming behaviour that instigates societal and state discrimination, and that the possibility of nonconforming belief presupposes that the legitimation of fundamental institutions in liberal secular societies is based on belief. The first part of the paper deals with some theoretical aspects of the structure and legitimation of social institutions as well as the metaphysical foundations of the secular deontology. In the second part, these theoretical considerations are used to illuminate and explain the discrimination of religious minorities in Germany with particular attention to Jehovah’s Witnesses.

Since the early 2000s the Mongolian Buddhist masked ritual dance, in the Khalkh-Mongolian language calledTsam, has been re-introduced to the Mongolian religious field. Nowadays a couple of Buddhist monasteries in Mongolia perform theTsamonce a year. This paper examines the Mongolian masked dance in its historical and contemporary aspects, with a special focus on theKhüree Tsam. It provides an overview of the Tibetan history of the masked ritual dance and its historical Mongolian developments, as well as an ethnographic study of the 2009 performance of theKhüree Tsamin Dashchoilin monastery of Ulaanbaatar. Whereas the historical part of this paper draws on Tibetan and Mongolian dance manuals and chronicles, the ethnographic part is methodologically based on participant observation, expert and semi-structured interviews. Finally, the paper discusses the changes and adaptations theKhüree Tsamunderwent within and outside the monastic context in today’s Mongolia.

Researchers in Germany have nowadays access to confidential micro-data compiled from official statistics in a way that could not have been dreamt of just a few years ago. This article describes the new institutions that grant data access most importantly the research data centers located inside the data producing agencies and how to access the micro data, and presents information about selected recently released data sets with a high potential for scientific research and policy evaluation. Furthermore, we contrast the German situation with the Danish way of handling research access to confidential micro data. Finally, we take a look at ongoing projects that will further improve data access in Germany. Researchers in Germany have nowadays access to confidential micro-data compiled from official statistics in a way that could not have been dreamt of just a few years ago. This article describes the new institutions that grant data access most importantly the research data centers located inside the data producing agencies and how to access the micro data, and presents information about selected recently released data sets with a high potential for scientific research and policy evaluation. Furthermore, we contrast the German situation with the Danish way of handling research access to confidential micro data. Finally, we take a look at ongoing projects that will further improve data access in Germany.

In modern French, as in all Romance languages, the combination of two object clitics is subject to rigid ordering and co-occurrence constraints. The present paper shows that constraints of both kinds can be ascribed to systematically operating impoverishment processes in the sense of Distributed Morphology (Bonet 1995; Halle & Marantz 1993) without recourse to templates (cf. Miller & Sag 1997; Perlmutter 1971, etc.). The system that will be presented below is consistent, complete and non-redundant. Thus, it fulfils the essential metatheoretical qualifications of a formal system. The assumption of this paper is that the object clitics are postsyntactically inserted dissociated morphemes that are, prior to further operations kicking in, preverbally linearized. The postposition present in the positive imperative is brought about by another, subsequent, postsyntactic operation, i. e. by local dislocation. Or, put another way, there is an operational level in which the object clitics are arranged before the verb. Only on a downstream operational level do the object clitics move behind the verb. In this article I do not submit any new empirical findings on the modern French clitic system. My aim is to harness the well-known phenomena for modelling them in Distributed Morphology.

This paper is concerned with meaning variations taking place in the interpretation of utterances. In particular, it examines the phenomena of conceptual differentiation and conceptual shifting performed on expressions of situations. My point of departure is that the linguistic form drastically underdetermines the propositional content which is explicitly expressed by an utterance. Consequently, I suppose a general framework which makes a distinction between two basic phases within the process of understanding. In the first phase of interpretation, which is part of the autonomous grammatical system, the context-independent and, hence, merely formal meaning of the utterance is calculated by means of semantic composition. In the second phase its contextually specified meaning is derived by pragmatic inferences integrating the abstract meaning base with accessible elements of conceptual knowledge. In concretizing this picture, I offer a multi-level model in which the propositional content, starting from the level of semantic form, has to be elaborated step by step in a sequence of conceptual structures. In view of the fact that most verbs are open to a multitude of primary meaning variants, the paper argues for a minimalistic approach to their lexical-semantic form which allows for conceptual differentiation by fixing the parameters involved. Essentially, the strategy of radical underspecification is also applied to the problem of deviating interpretations which can be observed, for instance, in adverbial modification. My basic assumption is that in the course of compositional derivation further parameters are introduced by obligatory insertion of certain general schemata. If required, these parameters are available to a fixation by means of which a suitable conceptual shifting of the respective expression is realized.

It is a characteristic of ethnographic field research that it seldom evolves according to plan. Once in the field, researchers must adapt their research designs in response to circumstances and people they encounter. This paper exemplifies this by discussing actual research carried out for the project presented in this paper. The project examines social and spatial transformation in Tibetan nomad communities related to motorized mobility and mobile telecommunication. Geographically, research was located in a contested region of Western China and carried out without official permission. The resulting difficulties and challenges were negotiated by doing guerilla-fieldwork, a term introduced to describe fieldwork pursued without state authorization. This article exposes some of the challenges, both practical and methodological, of guerilla-fieldwork and discusses their implications regarding research ethics. It contributes to current discussions on research ethics and argues that guerilla-fieldwork requires a heightened measure of transparency, openness and reflexivity of the researcher to maintain ethical integrity.

Ṣifāʾ ʿAbd as-Salām Ǧaʿfar is a contemporary Egyptian philosopher working mainly on the German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889–1976). One of her concerns is the question of the relationship between philosophy and theology. This paper is the first to introduce Ǧaʿfar and her writings on Heidegger’s theology to a non-Arabic audience and traces her line of argument on the question of philosophy and theology of Heidegger. The paper starts with an allusion to Heidegger’s early involvement in theology, which Ǧaʿfar considers to be the point of origin and reference throughout his different phases of thinking. Heidegger’s main work of his early period, Time and Being , is then pointed out as a preliminary to the true theology, which Ǧaʿfar calls non-traditional. On grounds of Heidegger’s later works, and especially based on a comparison between Plotin and Heidegger, Ǧaʿfar claims that Heidegger’s theology can be considered to be close to mysticism. This paper highlights that Ǧaʿfar participates with her argument in current debates on Heidegger’s thoughts on theology and philosophy. In doing so she opens up a new ground for the Arabic dialogue with Heidegger dating back to the 1950s. This paper, in turn, aims to open the Arabic reception of Heidegger as a new field of inquiry by focusing on its theological aspect.

The present paper starts by arguing that a systematically important distinction between two forms of reflexiveness is tenable. The first emphasizes acts involving a human subject whereas the second transcends this category and is better pronounced as an ontological - possibly ecological - relation. The distinction itself is framed as a proactive problem invigorating a certain strand in the history of philosophy dealing with biological questions since Kant’s Critique of Judgment. Sketching out the genealogy then allows for contextualizing the method of categorical exposition insofar as it is deployed for conceptualizing living beings inHartmann and Plessner. In so doing the categorical difference of upward and downward causation is introduced while seizing upon Hegel’s ontology of logical grounding. Finally, the mathematically inspired concept of a reflexive closure operator summarizes the whole argument while relating both Hartmann’s and Plessner’s thought to current trends in the philosophy of science and also to some empirical contexts indicated in recent complex systems related research.

This paper argues that Ernst Cassirer and John Dewey - despite their seemingly opposing views on ‚idealism‘ and ‚naturalism‘ - pursue a common project. We want to elucidate this project along the lines of a philosophy of culture that is characterized by the leading idea of a reconstructive synthesis. The consequent result of this common project consists in the program for a logic of cultural inquiry. In order to establish the decisive link between Cassirer and Dewey we will first have a look at historical interrelations highlighting a shared conception of philosophy. We will, then, elaborate on the method of reconstruction as well as the transformative aspect of the logic of inquiry in Cassirer and Dewey. Finally, we will give a programmatic sketch of the logic of cultural inquiry resulting from our synthesis of the two theories.