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Ionospheric Electron Content Observations during the Total Solar Eclipse of 16 February 1980

STOKES FLOW BEFORE A PLANE BOUNDARY

Phase Equilibria in Parts of te System CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O based on Retrieved Thermodynamic Data: Applications to Zeolite Equilibria

ON SYMMETRIZING A MATRIX

ON BITOPOLOGICAL QHC-SPACES

CONCERNING BITOPOLOGICAL QHC EXTENSIONS

A NOTE ON BUTLER’S SPHERE THEOREMS FOR STOKES’ STREAM FUNCTION

The aim of the paper is to find suitable conditions so as to ultimately establish the existence and uniqueness of the extension of a pairwiseθ-continuous map onto an arbitrary extension-space of a bitopological space.

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Free Thyroxine (FT(4)) and Free Triiodothyronine (FT(3)) were assayed in 505 women of this region. 60 women had previous history of thyroid disease. The remaining 445 women formed the "Disease free group". A "Reference group" was obtained by excluding women with previous and present history of thyroid dysfunction. Of the total 505 women examined 15.8% had thyroid dysfunction and 84.2% were euthyroid. 11.5% were hypothyroid (9.5% sub-clinical) and 1.8% hyperthyroid (1.2% clinical). The geometric mean TSH for the total population was 2.65 μIU/ml. It was significantly (p=0.025) lower in the reference population 2.17 μIU/ml. There was no significant difference in the FT(3) and FT(4) values between groups. 19% of women over 60 years had elevated TSH above 4.5 μIU/ml. The 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of the reference population was 1.1-5.2 μIU/ml. 6.1% of women in the reference group had TSH levels above the reference intervals. Hypothyroidism particularly sub-clinical hypothyroidism is predominantly present amongst women in this iodine sufficient region. Evaluation of thyroid status could help in early detection and treatment.

We study the effect of overlapping resonances on the angular distributions of the reaction F+H2(v=0,j=0)--HF(v=2,j=0)+H in the collision energy range from 5 to 65 meV, i.e., under the reaction barrier. Reactive scattering calculations were performed using the hyperquantization algorithm on the potential energy surface of Stark and Werner [J. Chem. Phys. 104, 6515 (1996)]. The positions of the Regge and complex energy poles are obtained by Pade reconstruction of the scattering matrix element. The Sturmian theory is invoked to relate the Regge and complex energy terms. For two interacting resonances, a two-sheet Riemann surface is contracted and inverted. The semiclassical complex angular momentum analysis is used to decompose the scattering amplitude into the direct and resonance contributions.

Background. Microbial and fungal cellulases are known to hydrolyse cellulose, which is ingested as plant mate rial by herbivorous/omnivorous fishes. Microbial enzymes have enormous advantage of being produced in large quantities by established fermentation techniques. The present investigation aims to optimize the environmental and nutritional parameters for fermentation to enhance cellulase production by two bacterial strains isolated from fish gastrointestinal tracts. Materials and methods. Two bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis CY5 and Bacillus circulans TP3, isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossam bicus (Peters, 1852), respectively were identified as potent cellulase producers. Both strains were cultured in tryp tone soya broth for 24 h at 32 ± 2oC, when average viable count of 9.75 · 10 7 cells · mL –1 culture broth was obtained. This was used as the inoculum for the production medium. The fermentation medium was seeded with 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, and 5.0% inoculum (tryptone soya broth) and incubated in static culture at 40oC to stan dardize the inoculum size for fermentation. The effect of different production parameters, such as fermentation condition, moisture, pH, temperature, inoculum size, and nitrogen sources on cellulase production by the isolat ed bacterial strains were studied. Results. Cellulase yield was highest (26 U in B. subtilis and 20.2 U in B. circulans ) in solid-state fermentation (SSF). Enzyme production in both the isolates increased in an optimum pH range of 7.0 to 7.5. Minimum cellulase production was observed at 45oC, while maximum production was obtained at 40oC. To standardize the fermenta tion period for cellulase production, production rate was measured at 12-h intervals up to 120 h. Enzyme produc tion increased for 96 h of fermentation in both strains, and decreased thereafter. The enzyme production increased with increased inoculum size up to 3.0 percentage points. Asparagine as the nitrogen source was most effective in B. subtilis CY5, while beef extract proved useful in optimizing enzyme production by B. circulans TP3. Conclusion. The results of this study will help to standardize the requirements for optimum production of cellu lase by cellulase-producing fish gut bacteria and might contribute towards better fish feed formulation incorpo rating plant ingredients, especially in the larval stages when the enzyme system is not efficient .

Two trace elements, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in serum are elevated in cancer patients since both areconstituents of super oxide dismutase (SOD) as metalloenzyme, the enzyme that scavenge free radicals andactivated oxygen species in the body. The study of 52 cancer patients comprising of 31 carcinoma stomachand 21 breast cancer showed the elevation of both of these trace elements in serum when compared to 32healthy controls and effected the kidney functions as a consequences. Serum Cu and Zn were estimated byAtomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS), analyzed statistically by student "t" test and marked elevationwas observed in cancer patient compared to healthy controls. Serum Cu and Zn values were 98.13 ± 17.49μg/dl 99..57 ± 13.91 μg /dl respectively in 38 healthy subjects and these trace metals were 156.23 ± 31.02 μg/dl and 171.86 ± 35.15 μg/dl in 52 cancer patients showing significant elevation (P

Topical vitamin A acid 0.05 % in lotion and cream forms were tried in 55 patients. All of them except one had some form of local reaction, which started usually after a week and showed maximum intensity in between second and third week. Improvement started after 4-6 weeks and clearing of lesions were noticed in 8 weeks time. The occurrence of local reaction was often beneficial to the patient and served as a guide for effective therapy. The single patient without any reaction did not improve at all. Lotion seemed to be more effective than the cream preparations. 83.6% patients showed excellent response with papulo-pustular and comedone acne, whereas response was poor in nodules and cystic lesions. Vitamin A acid improved the complexion in majority of patients indicating its mild demelanising property observed in this study.

Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal Manuscript Received 5 July 1974; accepted 30 December 1974 Several hydrolytically stable copper (II) and nickel (II) complexes of neutral tetradentate Schiff bases derived by the condensation of 1,3-diaminopropane and 1,3-diaminopropane-2-01 with 2-formyl pyridine (=FPTN and FPTNOL) and 2-acetylpyridine APTN and APTNOL) have been synthesized. The complexes have been characterised by electronic spectra, magnetic suscsptibilites, infrared spectra, molar conductivities and elemental analyses. All of these complexes contain a 1:1 ratio of tetradentate ligand to metal (II) salt. Copper (II) complexes of the type [Cu(L)I] ClO4 are found to be five-coordinate, while [Cu(L)] (ClO4)2 cemplexes are tetragonal or sequare planar in structure. The infrared spectra of the copper (II) and nickel (II) chelates support the Schiff base formulation of the ligands and provide evidence for the coordination of the pyridyl groups. A tetragonal crystal field model provides a basis for the interpretation of the visible and near infrared electronic spectra of nickel (II) complexes with the tetradentate ligands occupying the square planar arrangement. The complexes Ni (L) X2. nH2O, where L= FPTN, FPTNOL, APTN, APTNOL ; X = Cl, NO2 or NCS, behave as 2:1 electrolytes in aqueous solution and give rise to a common species [Ni(L)(H2O)2].2+ In aqueous solution the complex ion [Ni(L)(H2O)2]2+ reacts with neutral monodentate donors to yield [Ni(L)(donor)2]2+.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal Manuscript received 11 March 1975: revised 17 May 1975 accepted21 May 1975 Reactions of Boric Acid with Chelating Ligands in Acetic Anhydride.

Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal. Manuscript received 28 February 1976; revised 12 October 1976 ; accepted 10 November 1976 Reactions of bis (acetylacetonato) nickel(II), Ni(acac)2, with various chelating ligands in different conditions have been described. When the reactions are performed in non-aqueous media (e. g. toluene, dichloromethane, etc.), six-coordinate heterochelates of the type Ni (acac)2 (L-L) (where, L-L=bidentate ligands) have been isolated. The same reactions with chelating ligands containing at least one-NH2 group, when performed in ethanol or other solvents containing little water, yielded corresponding Schiff base (condensation products of acetylacetone and chelating amino ligands) complexes of nickel(II). The newly synthesized complexes have been characterized with the help of elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibilities, infrared, ultraviolet, and visible spectral data. &nbsp

Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani,Nadia, West Bengal Manuscript received 29 January 1975; revised 29 April 1975;accepted 29 April 1975 Copper(II) Complexes of 3-Aldehydosalicylic Acid and its Schiff Bases. &nbsp

Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal. Manuscript received 27 March 1974, revised 11 September 1974, accepted 12 September 1974 Copper (II) and Nickel (II) Complexes of Neutral Bidentate Schiff Base.

Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani,Kalyani-741 235, West Bengal Manuscript received 15 June 1976, revised 1June 1979,accepted 21 ,Tune 1979 Reactions of Metal β-Diketonates-III. Reactions of Bis(Acetylacetonato) Cobalt(II) with Chelating Ligands

Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani,Nadia, West Bengal Manuscript received 11 March 1975; revised 29 April 1975;accepted 29 April 1975 Thiocyanato and Cyanato Complexes of Copper(ll) and Nickel(II) with 1,3-Diaminopropane- 2-ol, H2NCH2CH(OH) CH2NH2. &nbsp

Groundnut meal has been assayed; the nitrogenous matter as present in the nuts has been extracted by different processes and the proteinous body of the meal has been subjected to the digestive action of various enzymes.

Preparation and spectral properties of Trisalicylato his (1:10 phenanthroline) Sm and Trisalicylaldehydato (1:10 phenanthroline) Sm are reported. It is found that on introduction of phenanthroline both the absorption and emission probabilities of \(f-f\) transitions of the central metal ion are increased considerably in comparison with the simple complex. The relative emission intensity is much pronounced for Sm(phen)2(salicylaldehyde)3 compared to Sm(phen)2(salicylate)3. Since excitation spectra corresponds to the absorption due to salicylato or salicylaldehydato group, the role of phenanthroline in bringing about the enhancement of transition probability of central metal ion is explained as due to the creation of unsymmetric field of high magnitude on the \(4f\) electrons. This is corroborated by the fact that Sm(phen)(salicylaldehyde)3, which is more asymetric, emits more strongly than Sm(phen)2 (salicylate)3 which has more symmetric configuration due to the presence of two phenanthroline groups.

Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, West Bengal Received 1 December 1971 Palladium (II) Complexes of Schiff Bases.

Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal Manuscript received 10 February 1972; accepted 30 January 1973 Preparation and properties of some oxovanadium-(iv & v) complexes of dibasic tridentate Schiff bases derived by the condensation of 3-aldehydosalicylic acid with glycine (=ASAG-H3) and anthranilic acid (= ASA-H3) are described. The structures of the complexes have been discussed on the basis of elemental analyses, magnetic moments, infrared and electronic spectral data. The compounds [VO(ASAG-H)(H2O)] and [VO(ASAA-H)(H2O)] are found to be paramagne­tic (\(µeff\) = 1.78 and 1.81 BM. respectivel) and a square-pyramidal structure is assigned to them. The electronic spectra of these complexes are interpreted using recently proposed ordering of vanadium d orbitals by Vanquickenborne and McGlynn : xy < xz, yz < x2— y2 < z2. The other two compounds, [VO(ASAA-H)(OH)(H2O)] and [VO(ASAG-H)(OH)]2 are diamagnetic [and con­sidered to be complexes of oxovanadium (V) species. These two compounds can easily be con­verted to the original oxovanadium (IV) complexes by grinding with sodium bisulphite in a little water. One broad but well defined absorption band is observed in the 10,000-25,000 cm-1 region, which is attributed to ligand—metal charge transfer transition.

Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal Manuscript received 10 February 1972; accepted 30 January 1973 Preparation and properties of some oxovanadium-(iv & v) complexes of dibasic tridentate Schiff bases derived by the condensation of 3-aldehydosalicylic acid with glycine (=ASAG-H3) and anthranilic acid (= ASA-H3) are described. The structures of the complexes have been discussed on the basis of elemental analyses, magnetic moments, infrared and electronic spectral data. The compounds [VO(ASAG-H)(H2O)] and [VO(ASAA-H)(H2O)] are found to be paramagne­tic (\(µeff\) = 1.78 and 1.81 BM. respectivel) and a square-pyramidal structure is assigned to them. The electronic spectra of these complexes are interpreted using recently proposed ordering of vanadium d orbitals by Vanquickenborne and McGlynn : xy < xz, yz < x2— y2 < z2. The other two compounds, [VO(ASAA-H)(OH)(H2O)] and [VO(ASAG-H)(OH)]2 are diamagnetic [and con­sidered to be complexes of oxovanadium (V) species. These two compounds can easily be con­verted to the original oxovanadium (IV) complexes by grinding with sodium bisulphite in a little water. One broad but well defined absorption band is observed in the 10,000-25,000 cm-1 region, which is attributed to ligand—metal charge transfer transition.

The rearing of tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta kolhapurensis on the leaves of Ziziphus jujuba (Ber) reared under indoor rearing condition for the first time in India. It is a small deciduous tree or shrub reaching a height of 5–12 mt. (16–39 ft), usually with thorny branches. The leaves are shiny-green, ovate-acute, 2– 6.5 cm. (0.79–2.76 in) wide and 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) broad, with three conspicuous veins at the base, and a finely toothed margin. And it belongs to the Rhamnaceae plant family. It was observed that the ber is a potential host of tropical tasar silkworm. The growth parameters and cocoon characters of the tasar silkworm reared on ber leaves were normal. The tasar silkworm successfully lasted its life cycle ranged from 55 to 65 days. The effective rate of rearing, weight of pre-spinning larvae, cocoon, shell and pupae ranged from 20 to 30 per cent, 20 to 30 g, 8 to 10 g, 0.90 to 1.10g, 8 to 9 g, respectively. Parameters such as length of cocoon shell, peduncle, width of shell, peduncle, shell thickness etc. the fecundity ranged from 135 to 140 eggs. The finding of ber as a potential host for tropical tasar silkworm has developed for raw silk production. Keywords: Indoor rearing, Tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta kolhapurensis, Ziziphus jujuba (Ber) REFERENCES Choudhuri, C. C., Dubey, O. P., Sinha, S. S. & K. Sen Gupta., 1987a. Studies on the different techniques of young stage silkworm rearing, Annual report CTR & TI Ranchi. Choudhuri, C. C., Dubey, O. P. Sen Gupta, K. & S. S. Sinha., 1987 b. Indoor rearing of tasar silkworm upto 144 hours. Annual reports. CTR & TI Ranchi. Fletcher, T. B. 1914. Some South Indian Insects, Dehra Dun, 209. Jayaprakash, P., Naidu, W. D and M. Vijay Kumar., 1993. Indoor rearing of tasar silkworm A mylitta a new technology. Proc. of the workshop on tasar culture, Warangal, A. P. 19-24. Jolly, M. S., Ahsan, M. M. and S.R. Vishakarma., 1973. Rearing performance of tasar silk worm with interchange of food plants. Ann. Rep., Central Tasar Research, Ranchi, India, pp, 67-69. Jolly,M. S., Chowdhary, S. N. and S. K. Sen., 1975. Non - Mulberry Sericulture in India. Central Silk Board, Bombay, pp. 1-89. Kavane, R. P. and Sathe, T. V. 2007. Indoor rearing of tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta D. on Terminalia catappa Cooke. Biotechnological approaches in Entomology. Manglam Publications, New Delhi. pp.178-183. Kavane, R. P. and Sathe, T. V. 2009. On a new variety (kolhapurensis) of Antheraea mylitta from India. Biological forum – An international journal .1(2).45-47 Kavane, R. P. and Sathe, T. V. 2010. On a new subspecies Antheraea mylitta indica from India. J. Exp. Zool. India. 13,(2),pp,415-418 Kavane, R. P. 2010. Biosystematics of wild silkmoth from western Maharashtra Ph. D Thesis. Shivaji University, Kolhapur (India). 236. Kavane, R. P. and Sathe, T. V. 2011. Wild silk technology, DPH New Delhi, pp.1-224. Shamitha, G 2007. Problems and prospects in indoor rearing of tasar silkworm. Advance in Indian sericulture research (edit. Dandin and Gupta). 409 - 411. Thangavelu, K. 1991. Wild sericigenous insects of India. A need for conservation. Wild silkmoths 91, 1992. 71-77. Thangavelu, K. and Sinha, A. K .1993. Population ecology A. mylitta Drury (Lepi: Satur) .Wild Silkmoth, 92. 88-92. Thangavelu, K., Bajpayi, C. M. and H. R. Bania . 1991. Indoor rearing of Tasar silkworm diet, Indian Silk. 30 (6): 19-20. Tiwari, S.K., 1998. Tiwari grainage tray: a break through in tasar seed preparation, Indian silk, 30(12) : 18-22. Herbert L Meiselman, Bruce P. Halpern, George P. Dateo., 1975. Food Sci Lab, U.S Army center, USA , : 76-77.

Two-dimensional heat conduction within a composed solid material with a constant internal heat generation has been investigated numerically in a sector of the rotor a generator. The heat transfer between two adjacent materials is assumed to be purely conduction. Boundary conditions are assumed to be forced convection on the fluid side and adiabatic on symmetry lines. The control volume method is applied for the diffusion energy equation. Physical coordinates are transformed to the general curvilinear coordinates. Then by using a line-by-line method, the temperature distribution in a sector of the rotor has been determined. Finally, the results are normalized and the effect of cooling fluid on the maximum temperature of insulation is investigated., {"references":["S. Nagano, T. Kitajima, K. Yoshido, Y. Kazao, Y. Kabata, D.Murata, K.Nagakura, Development of World's Largest Hydrogen-Cooled Turbine Generator, IEEE 2002.","C.E. Stephan, J. Baer, R. Joho, and R Schuler, Advanced technologies for large air cooled Turbogenerators with Highest Unit Ratings, CIGRE Session, Paper 11-101, 1996.","R Joho, J. Baumgartner, T. Hinkel, C.E. Stephan, and M. Jung, Type Tested Air Cooled Turbogenerator in the 500MVA Range, CIGRE Session, Paper 11-101, 2000.","K. Hattori, K. ide, F. Goto, sophisticated design of turbine generator with inner cooler ventilation system, Hitachi Review, Vol.51, No.5, 2002.","J. Glahn, J. Baumgartner, M. Jung, Generator Cooling with Mixing Downstream of the Cooler, US Patent, US 6239522 Bl, 2001.","D. Lulay, Y. Riedling, Gas Cooled Turbogenerator, US Patent, 6037683, 2000.","C.L. Vandervort, T.D. Wetzel, E.D. Jarezynski, S. Salamah, and W.N.O. Turnbull, Generator Endwinding Cooling Enhancement, US Patent, US 2002/0074870 Al, 2002.","R.E. Mayle, S. Hess, C. Hirsch, J. von Wolferdorsf, Rotor Stator Gap Flow Analysis and Experiments, IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion, vol. 13, No. 2, 1998.","J.Esfahani, numerical analysis rotor-stator gap flow, 18th international power system conference, Tehran, Iran, 2003.\n[10] D. Sarkar, P.K. Mukherjee, and S. K. Sen, Approximate Analysis of Steady State Heat Conduction in an Induction Motor, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1992.\n[11] S. V. Patankar,\" Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow\", McGraw-Hill, NY, 1980.\n[12] C . A .J. Fletcher, Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics, second edition, 1992.\n[13] J.C. Tanehill, D. A. Anderson, and, R. h. Pletcher , Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, 2nd ed., p.140, Taylor & Francis , Washington, D.C. 1997.\n[14] R. A. Wise and P. M. McElroy, Derivation of Conduction Heat Transfer in Thin Shell Toroids, SAE 2000-01-2487, 634-643, 2000.\n[15] S.Khabba, J.-F.Ledent, A.Lahrouni, Development and Validation of Model of Heat Diffusion in Maize Ear. Agricultural and forest meteorology, 97, 113-127, June 1999.\n[16] K.A. Antonopoulos and C.Tzivanidis, Numerical Solution of Unsteady Three-Dimensional Heat Transfer During Space Cooling Using Ceiling-Embedded Piping, energy, Vol. 22, No.1, 59-67, 1997.\n[17] Maged A.I.EL-Shaarawi,E. Mokheimer, Transient Conduction in Eccentrically Hollow Cylinders, Int. J. Heat transfer , Vol. 38 ,No. 11, 2001 2010.1995.\n[18] M. S. Ferreira, Unsteady Heat Conduction in 3D Elliptical Cylinder, Int. Comm. Heat Transfer, Vol.28.no.7, 963-972, 2001.\n[19] H. M. Rai , Principals of Electrical Machine Design , Handa Pub.Co.,1992.\n[20] A. K. Sawhney,A Course in Electrical Machine Design, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi 1991.\n[21] M. N. Ozisik, Heat conduction. Wiley, New York, 1980.\n[22] Frank P.Incropera, David P.DeWitt, Introduction to heat transfer, second edition, 1990.\n[23] A.I.Leont'ev, A.G.Kirdyashkin,The theory convection heat transfer for the vertical flow of fluid,3th international heat transfer conference ,Vol.1, 216-224,By AICHE."]}

Prior research has not effectively investigated how the profitability of Chinese branches affect FDIs in China [1, 2], so this study for the first time incorporates realistic earnings information to systematically investigate effects of innovation, imitation, and profit factors of FDI diffusions from Taiwan to China. Our nonlinear least square (NLS) model, which incorporates earnings factors, forms a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) in numerical simulation programs. The model parameters are obtained through a genetic algorithms (GA) technique and then optimized with the collected data for the best accuracy. Particularly, Taiwanese regulatory FDI restrictions are also considered in our modified model to meet the realistic conditions. To validate the model-s effectiveness, this investigation compares the prediction accuracy of modified model with the conventional diffusion model, which does not take account of the profitability factors. The results clearly demonstrate the internal influence to be positive, as early FDI adopters- consistent praises of FDI attract potential firms to make the same move. The former erects a behavior model for the latter to imitate their foreign investment decision. Particularly, the results of modified diffusion models show that the earnings from Chinese branches are positively related to the internal influence. In general, the imitating tendency of potential consumers is substantially hindered by the losses in the Chinese branches, and these firms would invest less into China. The FDI inflow extension depends on earnings of Chinese branches, and companies will adjust their FDI strategies based on the returns. Since this research has proved that earning is an influential factor on FDI dynamics, our revised model explicitly performs superior in prediction ability than conventional diffusion model., {"references":["Tsai, B.-H., 2009. Analysis of dynamic growth model in foreign direct\ninvestment of Taiwan IC industry into China, International Journal of\nAccounting Studies, 49, 73-94. 2","Tsai, B.-H. 2010. Application of dynamic diffusion theory in foreign\ndirect investment of Taiwan IC industry into China. International Journal\nof Computational Science and Engineering, 5(1), 2-8. 3","Smith, D. M. 1981. Industrial location: An economic geographical\nanalysis. 2nd edition. New York: John Wiley. 4","Bass, F. M. 1969. A modified product growth model for consumer\ndurable. Management Science, 15, 215-227. 5","Mahajan, V., E. Muller, and F. M. Bass. 1990. New product diffusion\nmodels in marketing: A review and directions for future research. Journal\nof Marketing, 54, 1-26. 6","Rogers, E. M. 2003. Diffusion of Innovations, 5th edition. New York:\nFree Press. 7","Bass, F. M. 2004. Comments on a new product growth for model\nconsumer durables. Management Science, 50 (12), 1833-1840. 8","Meade, N., and T. Islam. 2006. Modelling and forecasting the diffusion\nof innovation: A 25-year review. International Journal of Forecasting, 22,\n519-545. 9","Ruiz, E., and Leeflang, P. S. H. 2006. Diffusion of franchising as an\ninnovation of managerial organization. Marketing JRM, 65-75. 10\n[10] Mesak, H., and Berg, W. 1995. Incorporating price and replacement\npurchases in modified products diffusion models for consumer durables.\nDecision Science, 26, 425-449. 11\n[11] Mesak, H. (1996). Incorporating price, advertising and distribution in\ndiffusion models of innovation: some theoretical and empirical results\nexpectations in diffusion models. Computers and Operations Research,\n23, 1007-1023. 12\n[12] Parker, P. (1992). Price elasticity dynamics over the adoption life cycle.\nJournal of Marketing Research, 9, 358-367. 13\n[13] Tsai, B.-H., Li, Y. and Lee, G.-H., 2010, Forecasting global adoption\nof crystal display televisions with modified product diffusion model,\nComputers and Industrial Engineering 58 (4), 553-562. 14\n[14] Berkoune, D., Mesghouni, K and Rabenasolo, B. 2006. Lower bounds\nfor the scheduling problem with uncertain demands. International Journal\nof Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, 16 (2), 263-269. 15\n[15] Czekalski, P. 2006. Evolution-fuzzy rule based system with parameterized\nconsequences. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and\nComputer Science, 16 (3), 373-385. 16\n[16] McCall, J. 2005. Genetic algorithms for modelling and optimization, J.\nComput. Appl. Math. 184, 205-222. 17\n[17] Venkatesan, R., T. V. Krishnan and V. Kumar 2004, Evolutionary\nEstimation of Macro-Level Diffusion Models Using Genetic Algorithms:\nAn Alternative to Nonlinear Least Squares, Marketing Science 23, 451-\n464. 18\n[18] Goldberg, D.E. 1989. Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and\nMachine Learning, Addison-Wesley. 19\n[19] Kalish, S., and S. K. Sen. 1986. Diffusion models and the marketing\nmix for single products. In Innovation Diffusion Models of New Product\nAcceptance, edited by V. Mahajan, and Y. Wind, 87-115. Cambridge,\nMA: Ballinger."]}

In wireless and mobile communications, this progress provides opportunities for introducing new standards and improving existing services. Supporting multimedia traffic with wireless networks quality of service (QoS). In this paper, a grey-fuzzy controller for radio resource management (GF-RRM) is presented to maximize the number of the served calls and QoS provision in wireless networks. In a wireless network, the call arrival rate, the call duration and the communication overhead between the base stations and the control center are vague and uncertain. In this paper, we develop a method to predict the cell load and to solve the RRM problem based on the GF-RRM, and support the present facility has been built on the application-level of the wireless networks. The GF-RRM exhibits the better adaptability, fault-tolerant capability and performance than other algorithms. Through simulations, we evaluate the blocking rate, update overhead, and channel acquisition delay time of the proposed method. The results demonstrate our algorithm has the lower blocking rate, less updated overhead, and shorter channel acquisition delay., {"references":["\"http://www.3gpp.org\", 2002.","H. Holma and A. Toskala (eds.), WCDMA for UMTS. Wiley, 2000.","3rd Generation Partnership Project Technical Specification Group Radio\nAccess Network. Working Group 1, \"Physical Layer - Measurements.\"\nTS25.225 v4.0.0. 2001.","3rd Generation Partnership Project. Technical Specification Group. Radio\nAccess Network \"Radio Interface Protocol Architecture.\" TS25.301\nv4.2.0. 202.","3rd Generation Partnership Project. Technical Specification Group. Radio\nAccess Network \"Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol\nSpecification.\" TS25.331\" 4.4.0, 2002.","S. K. Das, S. K. Sen and R. 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