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This article examines the reshaping of Belgrade���s memorial landscape after the Second World War and after the 1999 NATO bombings, with a focus on the role of architects. As such, the paper shifts the scale of memory debates in two ways: first, from the national to the urban; second, from ���classical��� memory entrepreneurs of the political realm to city makers, usually perceived as ���technical��� actors, but, as the paper argues, in fact relevant memory actors both through the way they influence sites of memory and through memory debates. The article places the engagement of architects with narratives of heroism and victimhood in Serbia in a historical perspective, examining the shift in memorialisation after the Second World War. It then discusses the hesitant approaches on engaging with ruins of the 1999 NATO bombing, highlighting frictions between various actors in the General��tab debate. Finally, it analyses the distinctive memorial engagement with the ruins of the Radio Television of Serbia (RTS) building by examining the bottom-up process of the competition for the RTS memorial. The article highlights that, even if not intentionally or by embracing memory-work, architecture and architects play a role in memory processes, while deeply enmeshed in constellations of political and economic power., Keywords: architects, memory, memorials, ruins, reconstruction, Belgrade., Contemporary Southeastern Europe, 2022, 8(2), 51-82

Theme I : Design Theories and Ideas in Europe, This article looks back at the unclear history of city planning education in Spain and examines its relationship with the educational history of architects. Spain is a country that has developed the most urban planning experts including hundreds of town construction cases of colonial towns in the history of city planning since the Age of Exploration. Today, city planning and/ or urban design education in Spain is part of the architectural education, which is generally incorporated in the superior technical school of architecture in technical university or general universities. City planning experts have historically been equal to military engineers or architects, but it is quite unclear how the education of city planning was started and developed. This paper organizes the basic history of city planning education in 18th-century Spain especially focusing on one of the important academies of related fields, the Royal Military Academy of Mathematics of Barcelona (La Real Academia Militar de Matemáticas en Barcelona) which produced many military engineers and was responsible for the education of city fortification also. The paper tells that the educational content of military academy such as above was also linked to urban space improvement what would be civil town planning. The case study of the Royal Military Academy of Mathematics of Barcelona, observing the composition of the academy, its curriculum, instructors’ backgrounds, students’ notes, and so on, tells us that mathematics and geometry were deeply linked with military engineering and architecture. The education of mathematics, especially of geometry, was a basic knowledge to create reasonable and well-ordered construction of fortifications for engineers. The engineers related to the Academy played an important role on the fortification design of not only the Spanish colonial towns but also some important fortification projects of the towns in Spain. Moreover, as those engineers were also involved in urban public space development, it is obvious that the education on mathematics and geometry for engineers in the military academy played an important role on the development of not only military urban and architectural projects but also civil planning projects.

The paper addresses the staff of architects who worked in the towns of Western Siberia in the 1860s to the 1880s. The purpose of the paper is to identify the most demanded architects and the proportion of graduates of Russian leading architectural schools. The paper also deals with the activities of architects whose work had an important influence on the formation of the architectural appearance of the west Siberian town.

This paper is Part II of a study that examines perceptions, attitudes and behaviors regarding termites and treated wood. In Part I, we surveyed homeowners and in this paper we surveyed home builders and architects. The geographic region for both Parts I and II is U.S. states where Formosan subterranean termites (FST) exist. This is a particularly voracious species of termite. Overall, in this paper, respondents are in agreement that treated wood is safe in new home construction framing and is safe if handled and disposed of properly. Forty-one percent of respondents agreed that treated wood is safe for residents in indoor structural applications. Overall, when taking into account the neutral responses, respondents have a favorable view of treated wood safety for all applications posed to them. Fifty-five percent of respondents were not familiar at all with FST. Although they had a general lack of knowledge, 29 percent of respondents said FST were a problem in the regions their companies serve.

Can regionalism do what multilateralism has so far failed to do—promote greater openness of services markets? Although previous research has pointed to the wider and deeper legal commitments under regional agreements as proof that it can, no previous study has assessed the impact of such agreements on applied policies. This paper focuses on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), where regional integration of services markets has been linked to thriving regional supply chains. Drawing on surveys conducted in 2008 and 2012 of applied policies in the key services sectors of ASEAN countries, the paper assesses the impact of the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) and the ambitious ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint, which envisaged integrated services markets by 2015. The analysis finds that over this period, ASEAN did not integrate faster internally than vis-à-vis the rest of the world: policies applied to trade with other ASEAN countries were virtually the same as those applied to trade with rest of the world. Moreover, the recent commitments scheduled under AFAS did not produce significant liberalization and, in a few instances, services trade policy actually became more restrictive. The two exceptions are in areas that are not on the multilateral negotiating agenda: steps have been taken toward creating regional open skies in air transport, and a few mutual recognition agreements have been negotiated in professional services. These findings suggest that regional negotiations add the most value when they are focused on areas that are not being addressed multilaterally.

Engineers and Architects require effective communication and interdisciplinary team working to be successful throughout their career which, is often overlooked during formal undergraduate education. The purpose of this paper is to disseminate the novel design and evaluation of a module on communication and interdisciplinary team working in the combined teaching of undergraduate Engineering and Architecture students. An Interdisciplinary Problem Based Learning (IPBL) approach is used and the theoretical construct for this work is the application of dialogical theory to the shared habitus between engineers and architects. The constructivist theory of learning was employed in the design and delivery of this module. It is an action research pedagogical intervention to support the improvement in the teaching and learning of communications and teamwork between architects and engineers. Feedback shows students identified improvement in their communication and teamwork skills at the end of the module.

Circular building design could significantly reduce the environmental impact of buildings and the pressure on natural resources. However, most buildings today are not designed according to the principles of the circular economy. Most literature has focused on either methods for quantifying the lifecycle analysis of buildings and materials, or on innovative circular building materials, but not much is known about the design process of circular buildings and how architects are dealing with translating the principles of the circular economy to the building sector. A series of semi-structured interviews with architects and consultants that have engaged in circular building design has been conducted to identify the barriers and drivers of the transformation towards a circular building sector. Interviews were analysed using qualitative coding analysis. The conservativeness of the building industry, the lack of political priority and the dependency throughout the building industry were found to be the main barriers, while a supportive client with a well-defined assignment and idea was considered to be the main driver. The contribution of this paper to key actors in the building sector is to identify the main barriers and drivers for a circular building sector.

National audience; Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a set of technologies and methods which are increasingly being used in France and worldwide. BIM concerns the construction industry stakeholders, especially architects. However, our knowledge of architects’ BIM adoption is sketchy. In this paper, it is proposed to identify the progress of architecture firms in BIM adoption, and the characteristics of firms that have implemented BIM.; Le Building Information Modeling (BIM) est un ensemble de technologies et méthodes de travail de plus en plus utilisées et plebiscites en France et à travers le monde. Il préoccupe les professionnels du secteur de la construction et, en premier lieu, les architectes. Notre connaissance du niveau d’adoption du BIM par les architectes aujourd’hui est pourtant très limitée. Cet article propose d’étudier l’avancement des agencies d’architecture dans leur adoption du BIM, et les caractéristiques de celles qui mettent en oeuvre ces pratiques.

The paper considers the issue of authorship of Catholic church in Kishinev, which was built in 1838–1840. The author proves that brothers Josef and Louis Charlemagne contributed intimately to its building. She thinks that Catholic church in Kishinev was built by model project developed with the direct involvement of brothers Charlemagne. The hypothesis could be validated by a comparison between the model project developed by The Commission of projects and budget of Architectural Committee of The Department of State Economy and Public Buildings in Sankt-Petersburg, and the project of Catholic Church in Kishinev, which was approved by The Commission of The Department of Roads and Public Buildings in the same city on 18 of July, 1838. The careful consideration of the model project led us to conclude that that it is a close analogy to Kishinev’s temple. The identity of these two projects confirms our suggestion about the origin of Kishinev Catholic Church’s image. However, this conclusion does not belittle the architectural value of the temple. The Catholic Church presents a bright example of pure classic architectural tradition which kept on to be a very important part of Kishinev’s architectural style. That’s why the Catholic Church of Kishinev is an architectural monument of the national interest of the Republic of Moldova.

This paper arose in response to observing the frustration expressed by researchers that there were so few accessible documents from which to write biographies of early women architects, planners and designers. As an archivist, it is a disheartening experience to explain to users that, because of limited donations, few such records exist in archival collections. Exemplifying the current predicament is the absence of the architectural work of the first woman officially qualified in South Australia, Beverly Bolin, from any archival collection in her own name. Moreover, extant items that were uncovered about Beverley Bolin, following months of searching, spoke more of her personal, than of her professional life. This led to the question: where are the professional records of women architects and why have they not donated their records to archival repositories? Through a survey of literature and the author’s own direct observation as manager of an archival collection specialising in architecture, this paper discusses possible reasons and offers potential strategies to attract future donations. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

This paper is Part II of a study that examines perceptions, attitudes and behaviors regarding termites and treated wood. In Part I, we surveyed homeowners and in this paper we surveyed home builders and architects. The geographic region for both Parts I and II is U.S. states where Formosan subterranean termites (FST) exist. This is a particularly voracious species of termite. Overall, in this paper, respondents are in agreement that treated wood is safe in new home construction framing and is safe if handled and disposed of properly. Forty-one percent of respondents agreed that treated wood is safe for residents in indoor structural applications. Overall, when taking into account the neutral responses, respondents have a favorable view of treated wood safety for all applications posed to them. Fifty-five percent of respondents were not familiar at all with FST. Although they had a general lack of knowledge, 29 percent of respondents said FST were a problem in the regions their companies serve., Ovaj rad drugi je dio studije koja proučava stajališta, mišljenja i ponašanja vezana za termite i zaštićeno drvo. U prvom radu anketirani su vlasnici kuća, dok su u ovom radu anketirani graditelji i arhitekti. U radu su, kao i u prvom dijelu istraživanja, proučavane američke regije u kojima je utvrđeno postojanje podzemnih termita iz porodice Coptotermes (FST). Spomenuti su termiti posebno agresivna vrsta termita. U cjelini, ispitanici smatraju da je zaštićeno drvo, uz pravilnu uporabu i rukovanje, sigurno za izgradnju kuća i novih konstrukcijskih elemenata. Pritom 51% ispitanika smatra kako je zaštićeno drvo pri uporabi u unutarnjim uvjetima sigurno za ljude. Općenito, kada se uzmu u obzir i neutralni odgovori, ispitanici imaju pozitivno mišljenje o uporabi zaštićenog drva u svim ispitivanim uvjetima i situacijama. No 51 % ispitanika uopće nije informirano o podzemnom termitu (FTS). Iako većina ispitanika malo zna o podzemnim termitima, 29 % njih izjasnilo se kako su u regijama u kojima djeluju njihove tvrtke imali problema sa spomenutim termitima.

International audience; As a part of a larger research project that examined bio-based building materials that are underutilized in the construction of non-residential buildings, the presented mail survey was conducted in France and Gabon to determine how architects specify selected bio-based building materials. This study provides a preliminary assessment of the potential segments of architects in practice based on their attitudes to the use of wood in non-residential construction. France Among the most wooded countries, Russia ranks first (809 million hectares), then, Brazil (478 million hectares), Canada (310 million hectares), the United States (303 million hectares) ... In Europe, France occupies the fourth place-behind Sweden, Finland and Spain-with its 18 million hectares. It is a little less than 30% of the French territory. The French forest is very diverse, with 136 different species of trees. The area of French hardwood forests is 11.2 million hectares, or 71.2% of the forest. Private forest is dominated mainly by oaks, which occupy about 5 million hectares. Chestnut and poplar are specific species of the private forest. A little more than 4.4 million hectares are made up of coniferous forests with a great diversity of species: maritime pine, Scots pine, fir, spruce, Douglas-fir... The French forest employs 440,000 people, more than the automobile industry. It has a turnover of 60 billion euros per year, or nearly 3% of PIB (Produit Interieur Brut or GDP I think). The sector includes operators, sawmills, pulp mills, panel and furniture manufacturers, and firewood. A large part of the French forest is private: 3.3 million owners share it. Gabon In Central Africa and particularly in equatorial region, the forest plays a key role in this regulation. In the year 2000, Gabon produced more than 4 million m3 timber, of which 72% was Aucoumea Klaineana Pierre (AKP). However, in 2004, only 1.6 million m3 was produced, of which 61% was AKP. This decrease in lumber production was due to a new regulations of exploitation of trees. In 2009, after the prohibition by the Gabonese government of the exportation of logs, more structures focalised on the study and the exploitation of wood were born. Since then, a particular attention is done on the mechanical characterization of some species which are usually used in timber structures. One of more those species is AKP which is an endemic specie in central Africa's forest which is a long time, associated at the life of locals. In the recent past, AKP represents 80% of annual wood's production in this country and 90% of this specie is exported all over the world and particularly in Europa and Asia. It is used largely for plywood in building, in veneer, finished or semi-finished products and in the design of the paper. Using the information obtained in this study will contribute to an understanding of the probability that bio-based building materials are chosen in residential and non-residential buildings and to an understanding of the drivers and barriers for increased use. Change is difficult – the barriers to wood are complex and the building industry is both averse to risk and slowed by inertia – but with the right focus, the wood industry can make a difference. The study is extended to selected European countries and the US, as well as to Central Africa. The study is extended to selected European countries and the US, as well as to Central Africa. The first results show that several architects in Gabon have not given response the survey due to the difficulty to have computer and excellent web connection. However, the obtained results are very interesting and promised. These results will help the architects to choose efficiently the wood product for civil engineering constructions.

This paper provides new direction for geographic scholarship on architecture by focusing upon architectural projects that go well beyond designing and producing material objects. Recent work on practising architectures by social and cultural geographers has examined the multiple processes of human and non-human actors that cohere and congeal to produce buildings. Responding to concerns that geographers are failing to work closely with architects, I introduce ideas of spatial agency to examine the practices of architects working beyond buildings. Arguing that the profession has always been under threat, I outline why socially progressive architects are rejecting claims as expert technical problem-solvers or artistic form-givers by instead initiating and contributing towards explicitly spatial projects prioritizing social and economic objectives. By calling for creative engagement with such projects, I set forth an agenda for a politically progressive geography of architecture.

This paper sets out to describe and conceptualize the social status and role of the architectural profession in post-socialist society. The turn towards market democracy from state socialism changes the material and symbolic conditions of the architectural profession. Privatization of the building and housing sectors transforms the architectural profession from previously a profession that had a say (even if it was limited) in city development processes into an entrepreneurial profession, depending on commissions from the private sector. In the article, I argue that architects claim a certain status as public intellectuals, but fluctuate towards an autonomisation of aesthetics in architecture, claiming architecture as art and trying to establish cultural capital as a legitimating strategy of certain decisions. The central theme in public discourse on architectu -re – generated by architects – is a dichotomy between architecture as art versus commercialized architecture. In this discourse, the role of “architects’ people” remains preempted. I argue that while claiming a status of “opposition”, architects ultimately add to the establishment and solidification of the current neoliberal order.

Undoubtedly Job satisfaction among architects is necessary to create a healthy work environment and in turn supports the creation of meaningful built environments. This paper examines the phenomenon of job satisfaction amongst architects and the factors that significantly influence it in the context of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. A descriptive survey in the form of a questionnaire and structured interviews was utilized to form a comprehensive methodology for investigation, which was conducted in 2009. In total, three hundred questionnaires were administered, addressing architects working in both private and public sectors, while twelve interviews were conducted, with six for each sector. Preliminary findings indicate that job satisfaction has been rated to be relatively high amongst Belfast architects. Factors identified as particularly significant include control over thermal conditions, acoustics, views, lighting, and ergonomics.

dDespite being one of the most important means to obtain commissions, to explore in design terms and to develop design quality, architectural competitions are an extremely controversial procedure, in both research and in practice. Competitions present contradictory features and competing demands. Nevertheless, they are increasingly used within the European procurement law, to the point that exploring and understanding these debated elements is essential to improve their effectiveness. In this paper we use a paradox lens to reveal managerial insights from competitions. A paradox is a set of contradictory elements that are logical when considered separately but become illogical when considered together. We identify four paradoxes and propose accompanying managerial implications for architects, clients and their juries with regard to each competition phase: programming, shortlisting and selecting, designing a proposal, making a decision. We suggest that embracing and managing paradoxes means dealing with the open yet prescriptive character of the brief in the programming phase, ensuring an open competition while shortlisting and selecting the relevant competitors, confirming the brief but also instructing the client on the better options in the design phase, and balancing emotions and rational thinking in the jury decision-making process. With regard to each paradox we provide examples from international competitions held in The Netherlands, Italy, Sweden and UK.

Many economists suspect that downward nominal wage rigidities in ongoing labor contracts are an important source of employment fluctuations over the business cycle but there is little direct empirical evidence on this conjecture. This paper compares three occupations in the housing sector with very different wage setting institutions, real estate agents, architects, and construction workers. I study the wage and employment responses of these occupations to the housing cycle, a proxy for labor demand shocks to the industry. The employment of real estate agents, whose pay is far more flexible than the other occupations, indeed reacts less to the cycle than employment in the other occupations. However, unless labor demand elasticities are large, the estimates do not suggest that the level of wage flexibility enjoyed by real estate agents would buffer employment fluctuations in response to demand shocks by more than 10 to 20 percent compared to completely rigid wages.

dDespite being one of the most important means to obtain commissions, to explore in design terms and to develop design quality, architectural competitions are an extremely controversial procedure, in both research and in practice. Competitions present contradictory features and competing demands. Nevertheless, they are increasingly used within the European procurement law, to the point that exploring and understanding these debated elements is essential to improve their effectiveness. In this paper we use a paradox lens to reveal managerial insights from competitions. A paradox is a set of contradictory elements that are logical when considered separately but become illogical when considered together. We identify four paradoxes and propose accompanying managerial implications for architects, clients and their juries with regard to each competition phase: programming, shortlisting and selecting, designing a proposal, making a decision. We suggest that embracing and managing paradoxes means dealing with the open yet prescriptive character of the brief in the programming phase, ensuring an open competition while shortlisting and selecting the relevant competitors, confirming the brief but also instructing the client on the better options in the design phase, and balancing emotions and rational thinking in the jury decision-making process. With regard to each paradox we provide examples from international competitions held in The Netherlands, Italy, Sweden and UK.

Este artículo analiza las transformaciones tipológicas producidas en las viviendas en altura a partir de la década de los veinte en la ciudad de Rosario. Siguiendo la pregunta por el rol que desempeñaron los arquitectos en dicho cambio, se alterna el análisis estadístico de una muestra representativa de viviendas con la indagación en obras puntuales (realizadas por arquitectos destacados) que se constituyeron como hitos de esa transformación. Este estudio también ofrece información inédita para la ciudad de Rosario que permite comparar con otros momentos, tipos inmobiliarios e incluso con otras realidades urbanas, para contribuir a indagar por la relación arquitectos-mercado inmobiliario. This article analyses the typological transformations that took place in high-rise accommodation from the 1920’s onwards in Rosario (Argentina). The question that is posed in this paper concerns the role that the architects undertook in the previously mentioned transformations. It continues with the statistical analysis of a representative building sample which has an emphasis on specific buildings (designed by important architects) that are considered as benchmarks of this transformation. This study also includes unpublished information about Rosario that allows the comparison with other times, types of buildings, and also other types of urban realities: all of which contribute to the investigation on the relationship between the architects and the housing market. Fil: Cutruneo, Jimena Paula. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. CONICET - Facultad de Arquitectura; CURDIUR; Argentina.

With the recent focus on austerity and efficiency, dealing with competing tensions has become increasingly critical within the creative industry. Also project-based industries and construction are suffering from a severe downfall in commissions. Architecture is at the intersection of these industries. As such it is a fertile ground for contradictions and management oxymora, such as artistic recognition and market constraints, individual passion and collective collaboration, creative spark and professional discipline. These are examples of paradoxes that architects confront regularly, particularly when acquiring commissions through design competitions. Based on a set of interview data with architects in the UK, the Netherlands and Italy we explore paradoxical tensions that are embedded within design competitions and the way competing architecture firms manage them. We focus on the participation decision and the submission strategy, revealing strategic intent and design strategy paradoxes and related management approaches. Because of the underlying tensions in creativity and managerial rigour, design competitions offer insights for other domains as well.

There has been considerable academic, professional and community interest in South Australia’s nineteenth century built heritage, but less in that of the state’s twentieth century. Now that the twenty-first century is in its second decade, it is timely to attempt to gain a clearer historical perspective on the twentieth century and its buildings. The architectural practice HASSELL, which originated in South Australia in 1917, has established itself nationally and internationally and has received national peer recognition, as well as recognition in the published literature for its industrial architecture, its education, airport, court, sporting, commercial and performing arts buildings, and the well-known Adelaide Festival Centre. However, architectural historians have generally overlooked the practice’s broader role in the development of modern architecture until recently, with the acknowledgement of its post-war industrial work. This paper explores HASSELL’s contribution to the development of modern architecture in South Australia within the context of growth and development in the twentieth century. It examines the need for such studies in light of heritage considerations and presents an overview of the firm’s involvement in transforming the urban landscape in the city and suburbs of Adelaide. Examples are given of HASSELL’s mid-twentieth century industrial, educational and commercial buildings. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

The nature and quality of the architect-client relationship is critical for project success yet its management remains problematic. This interdisciplinary study draws theory from sociology to further our understanding of this built environment industry problem. The concept of habitus, developed by French sociologist Bourdieu, helps to demystify the architect-client relationship and explain the underlying cause of conflicts between architects and clients. Habitus theory explains that the nature of architecture as a specialised activity places architects within an architectural habitus, distinguishing architects from clients who are not trained as professional architects. This paper provides a detailed description of the socialisation process one undergoes to become a "full fledged" architect. This socialisation process can place the architect in a dichotomous position simultaneously alienating them from their client who is not trained in the architectural profession and yet the architect still has to envision a design from their untrained client's perspective as a living space. The concept of second birth is considered for its relevance to explain the mismatch between the architect and client's habituses which takes place as they embark on a project together. An underlying premise to this research is that the architect and client's habituses encounter conditions which are different from those they are accustomed to as they enter into a relationship. It is the management of this complex and rich mismatch between the habituses that can determine the success of the architect-client relationship and is worthy of further exploration. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Media advertising, sponsorship deals and office visits are some of the main mechanisms through which manufacturers and suppliers attempt to place their materials and products before architects and find a way into professional consciousness. As scholarly interest in the promotional practices of manufacturers and their agents builds, there is a need to formulate and discuss analytical terms and tools for this research. The paper puts forward two terms through which the promotion of new materials and products to architects can be studied: desire and credibility. As a case study, it examines the introduction of aluminium as a building material in Australia in the mid-1930s and its subsequent promotion to become a major part of building construction in the 1950s.

It is becoming increasingly important to European democratic governments to increase public participation. We argue that more effective tools are required to clearly display local planning proposals and their consequences in web based interactive 3D, free at the point of access. Initial workshops have shown that such tools are only likely to be used if those so doing can influence the outcome. Tools are needed to share concerns, examine alternatives, and propose solutions through collaborative citizen based examination and discussion. The paper describes a prototype for interactive 3D modelling on the web, which is currently being tested. One of the issues raised in the early workshops was that greater trust needs to be engendered between planners, developers, architects and the public, and that agreement that the data and the resulting representations is sufficiently accurate is likely to provide a stronger base for consensus. Cada vez es más importante para los gobiernos democráticos europeos aumentar la participación del público. Se argumenta que las herramientas más eficaces son necesarias para mostrar claramente las propuestas de planificación locales y sus consecuencias, se trata de una web basada en 3D interactivo, gratuita de acceso. Talleres iniciales han demostrado que este tipo de herramientas son sólo susceptibles de ser utilizadas si al hacerlo pueden influir en el resultado. Se necesitan herramientas para compartir inquietudes, analizar alternativas y proponer soluciones a través de la colaboración ciudadana y el debate. En el documento se describe un prototipo para el modelado 3D interactivo en Internet, que está siendo testado. Una de las cuestiones planteadas en los primeros talleres fue que más confianza tiene que ser engendrada entre los planificadores, desarrolladores, arquitectos y el público, y que el acuerdo de que los datos y las representaciones resultantes son suficientemente precisos es probable que proporcione una base más sólida para el consenso. Cada vegada és més important per als governs democràtics europeus augmentar la participació del públic. S'argumenta que les eines més eficaces són necessàries per mostrar clarament les propostes de planificació locals i les seves conseqüències, es tracta d'una web basada en 3D interactiu, gratuïta d'accés. Tallers inicials han demostrat que aquest tipus d'eines són només susceptibles de ser utilitzades si en fer-ho poden influir en el resultat. Es necessiten eines per compartir inquietuds, analitzar alternatives i proposar solucions a través de la col·laboració ciutadana i el debat. En el document es descriu un prototip per a la modelització 3D interactiu a Internet, que està sent testat. Una de les qüestions plantejades en els primers tallers va ser que més confiança ha de ser engendrada entre els planificadors, desenvolupadors, arquitectes i el públic, i que l'acord de que les dades i les representacions resultants són prou precisos és probable que proporcioni una base més sòlida per al consens.

Although bridges were among the first civil engineering structures to use structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies, research is now expanding to explore other types of applications, including Manitoba's famous Golden Boy statue. Global research is identifying the value of using SHM technologies for civil engineering applications. Structural health monitoring uses a variety of sensors to gather information about the behaviour of a structure. The information creates a valuable knowledge base that can be analyzed to help identify potential structural risks, develop safer and more efficient new structures, and determine more effective ways to rehabilitate existing structures. This paper briefly describes the history of the Manitoba Legislative Building and the Golden Boy and also the use of SHM technologies to help preserve the Golden Boy statue, an icon of provincial heritage.Key words: history, Golden Boy, statue, sculptors, architects, engineers, shaft, corrosion, sensors, monitoring.