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This paper outlines the construction of a White Paper on Geoethics in Forensic Geology. It focuses on forensic geology, although it also relates to the wider sphere of the forensic geosciences. Forensic geology is rapidly evolving to provide assistance in police investigations and in criminal and civil courts with providing scientific advice and evidence, but there also should be associated clear guidelines to benefit both the practitioner and the justice system. Examples of where forensic geology delivers to society in a vital way are required and also where potential malpractice could happen. The paper discusses where forensic geology should pursue social justice in compliance with current legal systems. In order to achieve this goal, it outlines the main areas that we suggest should be developed within the discipline: the competence of the scientist in forensic geology; the creation of best practice guidelines; the establishing of clear duties of the expert in forensic geology; and consideration of ethical aspects in forensic geological activities and ethical aspects in communicating geoscience evidence. When developing geoethics within forensic geology, the following practices were identified as of prime importance: improved standardization of methods; the use of appropriate methods and/or combination of complementary methods; greater clarity of approach used for the location of areas of interest; collection and recovery of evidence; scene examination and sample collection evaluation of data; construction and appropriate use of databases, background information, documentation, cartography and communication of forensic data; and summary of evidence and acknowledgement and consideration of uncertainty and bias. Honesty, integrity, respect, transparency, competence and reliability are vital for the forensic geoscientist to adhere to. Raising the ethical profile of the forensic geoscience profession aims to pave the way for forensic geoscientists to be empowered now and into the future to serve society: acting responsibly and adopting effective ethical codes is vitally important for a safe society. This paper highlights the necessity to hold urgent discussions on the ethical and social implications of forensic geology and their potential repercussions on societal justice. Forensic geology is a very useful tool, but like any other tool in human hands, it presupposes responsibility in its application. Professionalism and honesty in forensic geology are fundamental to assure the public that geoscientists involved have the highest scientific respectability, social credibility and community respect for their role to help pursue judicial truth. The aim of this draft White Paper is to stimulate an open and informed debate on geoethics.

These data were used to build an object detection model to locate Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCH) as described in the paper “When Computers Dream of Charcoal: Using Deep Learning, Open Tools and Open Data to Identify Relict Charcoal Hearths in and around State Game Lands in Pennsylvania” [1]. This is the first grouping of data for the paper above. The second grouping is also available in this journal, see “Object detection model, image data and results from the “When Computers Dream of Charcoal: Using Deep Learning, Open Tools and Open Data to Identify Relict Charcoal Hearths in and around State Game Lands in Pennsylvania” paper”. These files consist of georeferenced Digital Elevation Model, Hillshade and Slope files derived from LiDAR for the State Game Lands (SGL). Included is a Shapefile and GeoJSON of State Game Land borders as well as the program used for downloading the LiDAR files. These data are stored on Zenodo.org .

This paper analyzes the southeastern Connecticut Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation’s battle with cultural erasure and resistance through education. Indigenous education programs are gradual yet the most effective method of resisting Western cultural erasure from the United States government, because they peacefully invite both Natives and non-Natives to learn about Native American history outside of European colonizer textbooks. The Tribe battles the erasure that can result from external parties’ ability to grant state or federal titles recognizing tribal authority (known as recognition titles) to determine who receives the powerful stamp of Indigeneity and the right to self- govern. My case study focuses on the Eastern Pequots Archaeology Field School project in collaboration with University of Massachusetts, Boston. I evaluate how the Eastern Pequots use a collaborative archaeology education program with their Tribal members and non-Native individuals to resist erasure by decolonizing Western pedagogy. The Field School has gathered over 99,000 artifacts over 15 seasons that dismantle common misconceptions of how Native Americans lived during the beginning of the United States’ history and redefine modern beliefs about how Natives survived European colonization. The Field School contributes to expanding brief descriptions of Native history into a more complicated and dynamic story that elaborates on Native struggle, survival and resistance.

The Traces in a Lost Landscape: Aboriginal archaeological sites, Dyarubbin/Nepean River Project uses geospatial recording and analysis to recover, integrate, and map data from published and unpublished reports on Aboriginal archaeological sites on Dyarubbin/the Nepean River in New South Wales, Australia. This dataset consists of Australian Aboriginal archaeological locations of interest in the greater Nepean River area in New South Wales, Australia.

The data in the related digital archive was collected to examine the archaeological and historical evidence for material culture in English medieval rural households, with the aim of gaining a fuller picture than what might be attainable by looking only at objects or documents in isolation. The digital archive provides a starting point for anyone wishing to research aspects of medieval rural settlement.

The dataset contains the spatial data needed to build the network of least cost camel paths between archaeological sites and watering places in the Egyptian Eastern Desert during the Ptolemaic and Roman periods. It includes the sites to be linked, the travel factors (topography, navigation and terrain surface), the modern traveler routes used for training and model validation, and the outputs. Data processing models, made on ArcGIS 10.5, are available. Data and analyses for model calibration and validation to assess its quality are also provided. The objective of this dataset is to be able to reproduce the network created in the Egyptian Eastern Desert and facilitate the application of the approach to other study areas. Although the input data is based on the Egyptian Eastern Desert, the method is nevertheless reproducible using the data processing models developed. Paper linked with the data: Maniere, L., Crepy, M., Redon, B. (2021) Building a Model to reconstruct the Hellenistic and Roman Road Networks of the Eastern Desert of Egypt, a Semi-Empirical Approach Based on Modern Travelers’ Itineraries. Journal of Computer Applications in Archaeology. In review.

This is a response to the Comments of Attanasio and co-workers regarding the origin of some samples and the results of strontium concentrations reported in the article of Brilli et al., JAS Reports 2018, 19, 625-642. Attanasio et al. have already published strontium contents analysed in presumably the same samples, obtaining largely different and generally higher values than those reported by Brilli et al. In this reply, clarifications regarding the origin of these samples have been given. We also provide a discussion to indicate that the reason for the discrepancies may be mainly related to the different sample processing procedures before the instrumental analysis.

Referring to an article recently published by JAS Reports (Brilli et al., 2018, 19, 625-642) this communication raises doubts and poses questions concerning the identity and origin of the materials used for the analyses and the reliability of the results that are presented. Very different analytical values, in fact, were already reported for several samples that are now re-published using different labels. The point is crucial because new data may entangle the identification of an important ancient marble.

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This paper presents a proposal for the management, and analysis of archaeological data through GIS with the aim of characterising the late-antique rural settlement in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula. The paper will present the methodological process used and the results obtained.

A4 report of 45pp.

This long paper examines the affordances and challenges in interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, projects and contemporary digital research infrastructures for the analysis of ancient narratives. Our case study is Pausanias's Description of Greece a 10 volume 2nd century CE traveling guide to Greece.

The paper presents the implementation of various anthropological analyses such as sex, age at death, and body height estimations within the open source database application OpenAtlas and their usages as well as visualisations in thanatoarchaeological and Digital Humanities research projects.

The paper presents the work on the Telamon and the Tituli projects which aim at creating online databases respectively of Greek and Latin epigraphic heritage from Bulgaria. The AIAX front-end service for the indexing and visualisation of EpiDoc XML files is described, as well as collaborations with different Bulgarian museums.

Introduction Advances in computing have made it easier to produce three dimensional (3D) models of heritage material culture. Incorporating these models into virtual reality (VR) games has the potential to increase peoples engagement with other communities including those from the past. This paper examines the creation of 'Uvira's Pot' (uviras-pot.vercel.app), a prototype VR puzzle game where the user reassembles a ceramic vessel from fifteen sherds. Refitting vessels is an important archaeological technique that can provide information on the function and origin of the artefact. A broken ceramic vessel can also reveal details, such as the mineral crystals in the clay, that act as temper, and the colour of the core, which relates to firing conditions. Agarabi speakers of the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG) were the only recorded highlanders to make pottery (Watson, 1993). In 1987, the creation of several vessels in three different highland villages was documented by Chris Ballad in field notes and photographs. Recently these notes were prepared for academic publication and the 'Uvira's Pot' application was created as an experiment in conveying this research to a less academic audience. One vessel, created by Uvira of Anonantu has unfortunately broken and this was used for the application. The time and effort spent assembling puzzles, both 2D and 3D, often connects the puzzler with the object of the puzzle, and can also lead to closer inspection of details on the object (or image) (Balabanian & Shahrabi, 2022). It is hypothesised that when reconstructing Uvira's vessel some puzzlers will become interested in how it was created and the photographs of the different steps in its creation (the chaîne opératoire) have been displayed around the virtual space. Asset Creation Digital models of the sherds were created with photogrammetry using the Polycam iPhone application (photo mode). The models, while not archival quality, were sufficient for a VR experience. The automatic model scaling, was incorrect for the smaller pieces and the models had to be normalised to sherd measurements. The colouring of at least one sherd could have been improved. To reduce the mesh polygon count, Metashape mesh decimation was used. The photo panels were made using Affinity Designer and importantly sized to have lengths and widths of pixel numbers that were a power of two. Coding VR applications can be downloaded or viewed via a webpage in a browser. The later option is more likely to attract a casual user. The Three.js JavaScript library allows for the display and manipulation of 3D models. The library has code examples that can be combined and modified to allow models to be moved with VR controllers such as those for the Quest2 (with which the application was tested). In the application the initialisation step imports the sherds and places them randomly on a grass floor. The photographs of vessel creation are in a circle around the user. With either hand controller, the user can select and move a sherd and place them together to reveal the pot form. Conclusion VR websites to convey archaeological research, can be created with minimal JavaScript experience and it should now be possible for others to modify the publicly available code (https://github.com/tosca-har) to create experiences focusing on the material culture of other regions. Phone photogrammetry applications have made asset creation much easier, although model retropology is essential. The ethics behind creating models, especially those of artefacts from communities previously exploited by colonisation, should always be considered and appropriate permissions sort. User testing protocols are currently being designed so that the ability of the application in engaging the audiences' interest in the Agarabi pottery chaîne opératoire. The creation of sites with 3D models has greatly facilitated by Three.js, thus lowering the time costs associated with site creation, and allowing for more experimentation to find puzzles that will effectively communicate the wonders of Papuan, and other, material culture. References Balabanian, A. and Shahrabi, S. (2022) Dev Chat #5: The Making of "Behind High Walls" (https://puzzlingplaces.ghost.io/devchat5/) Watson, V.D. (1993). Adzera and Agarabi: contrastive ceramics in Papua New Guinea. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 102(3), 305–318.

This paper aims to visualize connections between Egypt and Southern Levant during the Bronze and Iron Ages. We compare Egyptian representations of animals and zooarchaeological records from documented excavation reports related to locations of zoological species in the Southern Levant. The comparison is possible through the use of GIS and network analysis to connect the iconographic and zooarchaeological data.

One of a number of leaves in the manuscript to have been badly damaged in the sixteenth century, folio 89 of the Glastonbury Miscellany reminds its modern readers of the fragmentary nature of the medieval textual record. Work began on this paper manuscript in the middle of the fifteenth century at Glastonbury Abbey. Transported to London in the 1530s after the dissolution of the abbey, the manuscript was still being added to in the 1560s in the spaces between and alongside its existing texts, as well as in a number of previously empty folios. Like so many manuscripts, it is an artifact that productively traverses the divide between the medieval and early modern. This eventful history took its toll, though, and the damaged folios were recently mounted on new sheets of paper as part of the conservation of the manuscript. The modern blank sheets occupy an intriguing role in this new assemblage: cutting across the commonplace association of blank space with future inscription, they are specifically not for further writing. The time of the Glastonbury Miscellany is resolutely polychronic: medieval, early modern, and modern intentions are all legible in its surviving materials. The looping ecology of paper production, consumption and recycling in the premodern age has been joined by a digital ecology of screenic reproduction. In this paper, I take folio 89 of the Glastonbury Miscellany as the occasion to theorise not only the material and conceptual entanglements of medieval and early modern paper, but also the modern remediation of these folios as digital objects: the interwoven, though also occasionally fractious paper and digital ecologies of my title. What kinds of material history of paper’s production and use unfold from manuscripts like the Glastonbury Miscellany? And how do modern materials (the paper mounts of folio 89, but also the associated materials of digital technologies) work to shore up its fragmentary folios?

The Digital Humanities for Marginal Areas (DH4MA) workshop aims to investigate the state of the art of tangible and intangible heritage digitalization in marginal and rural areas and their accessibility.

Last Year, I have presented our first experiments, which tested, if it is possible to use RCNNs for semi-automated annotation in our project. As those experiments were very promising, we now want to present our prototype of semi-automated annotation using RCNNs, which is currently under developement.

This panel will explore the various aspects of what is involved, not only in conceiving and building a 3D infrastructure, but in creating 3D Scholarly editions and developing the viewers that allow stories to be created around them. It will also explore issues around training the community of the infrastructure.

In 2023, Digital Humanities Research Institute at Siberian Federal University starts a working prototype of a research digital infrastructure for the aggregation, preservation, dissemination of Siberian historical and cultural heritage for historical, literary, ethnographic, art history and other kinds of research at the intersection of the humanities and computer sciences — Siberiana.online. The aim of the project is to launch a long-term initiative for digitization, analysis, and curation of the different collections of historical, cultural, and natural heritage of the Central Siberia (so-called Angara-Yenisei macro-region). The project is designed for research and education needs of the digital humanists at Siberian Federal University and world over, because Siberian artifacts and collections evoke a steady interest in the current literature.

OpenAtlas (https://openatlas.eu/) is an open source database software used to acquire, edit, and manage research data from various fields of humanities. By using OpenAtlas, information entered is mapped to CIDOC CRM in the background. Types can be added dynamically and make OpenAtlas usable for different projects.

In this contribution it is coined and presented a new concept: "Precision Archaeology'" (PA). PA is a concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter and intra-field variability in land. PA aims at defining a decision support system for archaeology management for optimizing returns on inputs while preserving resources.

The Institute for Balkan Studies of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts runs a project of digitisation of Roman Inscriptions from the territory of Serbia, that will be encoded in EpiDoc TEI-XML and published in an open, digital archive of Latin and Greek inscriptions.

Studies claim that open data will foster collaboration and cooperation. Our goal is to study how archaeologists collaborate and analize the potential of opening research data. To do that, we conducted 15 interviews to archaeologists in Catalonia and asked about their data sharing habits and perspectives on open data.

We propose a method to extract orthogonal views of facades from photogrammetric models of cities. This method was applied to extract all facades of the city of Venice. The result images open up new areas of research in architectural history.

During the year 2021 we carried out intensive archaeological surveys at several sites of Roman chronology in the Iberian Peninsula. The recording of materials in the field was carried out using GPS. The data collected have allowed us to characterise them, at least partially, by inserting the data into GIS.

We propose a framework for the construction of 4D scientific models for cities of the past. It leverages both the use of computational methods for bootstrapping, and a collaborative interface for visualisation and edition. This permits to continuously enrich the model and dynamically update it through procedural modelling.

During the archaeological research conducted in 2019 under the project “The Former Headquarters of the Gestapo and the Communist Provincial Office of Public Security in Anstadt Avenue in Łódź. Interdisciplinary Site Research” under the supervision of Dr Olgierd Ławrynowicz, an object filled with products on a paper base and bookbinding materials was found in one of the excavations. This paper attempts to clarify the chronology of paper products and to identify their type (typescripts, prints of monetary value, books, bookbinding materials, arrangement drawings, other paper products) and the material used. The visible content was identified using basic research methods and digital photographic documentation of it was made to preserve it. Podczas badań archeologicznych prowadzonych w 2019 r. w ramach projektu „Dawna siedziba Gestapo i Wojewódzkiego Urzędu Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego przy al. Anstadta w Łodzi. Interdyscyplinarne badania miejsca” pod kierunkiem dra Olgierda Ławrynowicza w jednym z wykopów odnaleziono obiekt wypełniony wyrobami na podłożu papierowym oraz materiałami introligatorskimi. W artykule podjęto próbę doprecyzowania chronologii wyrobów papierowych, rozpoznania ich rodzaju (maszynopis, druk wartościowy, książka, materiał introligatorski, rysunek techniczny, inne wyroby papierowe) i użytego surowca. Wykonano identyfikację odsłoniętych treści przy użyciu podstawowych metod badawczych oraz ich cyfrową dokumentację fotograficzną w ramach działań ochronnych.

The purpose of this dataset is to deliver to a wider audience in the form of GBIF-mediated data vast floristic materials collected by the author across various localities of European Russia from 2001-2019 (Arkhangelsk, Tver, Vladimir, Tula, Lipetsk, Voronezh Oblasts, Krasnodar Krai, City of Moscow and Komi Republic). Taxonomic data on vascular plants for ten locations were mobilised from the papers and technical reports published in Russian and standardised. Floristic treatments for two locations (Yasnaya Polyana and Tsaritsyno) have never been published before. The newly-prepared dataset includes 5,309 species records, i.e. one species record per each local flora. These are either native or alien (fully naturalised and casual) species. All records within one local flora have the same centroid coordinates and coordinate uncertainty in metres. Floristic inventories from the following locations were mobilised: 01. Ustya, Arkhangelsk Oblast (543 species, 1,500 km2); 02. Zaseki, Tula Oblast (593 species, 60 km2); 03. Polibino, Lipetsk Oblast (553 species, 70 km2); 04. Khrenovoye, Voronezh Oblast (665 species, 200 km2); 05. Troyeruchitsa, Tver Oblast (501 species, 10 km2); 06. Man-Pupu-Ner, Komi Republic (182 species, ca. 300 km2); 07. Middle Lyaga, Komi Republic (143 species, ca. 300 km2); 08. Utrish, Krasnodar Krai (933 species, 195 km2); 09. Yasnaya Polyana, Tula Oblast (236 species, 2.2 km2); 10. Bogolyubovsky Lug, Vladimir Oblast (289 species, 1.7 km2); 11. Tsaritsyno, City of Moscow (359 species, 5.3 km2); 12. Patakino, Vladimir Oblast (312 species, 1.1 km2). According to the GBIF taxonomic backbone, the dataset covers 1,806 species, 669 genera and 127 families of tracheophytes.

The publication of archaeological research is one of the important jobs the archaeologists should do. “Excavation without publication is destruction” is a famous axiom in archaeology. Once an archaeological site is exposed, it could not be restored despite the fact if the structures are conserved. Archaeologists aim to share as well as popularize archaeological discoveries and it necessitates the publication of results. Such endeavours result in preliminary reports, final reports, books, guidebooks, conference proceedings, scholarly articles in research journals, and popular articles in magazines and newspapers. All such forms of knowledge production and dissemination help archaeologists reach the target audience. Especially, research journal articles are primarily intended for specialists. This study focuses on the papers published on Mohenjodaro in Pakistani research journals (English). The study aims to prepare an annotated bibliography of the papers published on Mohenjodaro and place them in a broader perspective of the Indus Civilization. This research discovers that a total of 53 papers, which include reports of archaeological excavations, surveys, and conservation and preservation of monuments, research articles, a poem, and a book review, have been published on Mohenjodaro in Pakistani journals dedicated to archaeology, history, culture, and literature.

Background There have been several recent checklists, books and publications about Indian moths; however, much of this work has focused on biodiversity hotspots such as North-east India, Western Ghats and Western Himalayas. There is a lack of published literature on urban centres in India, despite the increased need to monitor insects at sites with high levels of human disturbance. In this study, we examine the moths of Delhi, the national capital region of India, one of the fastest growing mega-metropolitan cities. We present a comprehensive checklist of 338 moths species using 8 years of light trapping data (2012-2020) and examining about 2000 specimens from historical collections at the National Pusa Collection of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi (NPC-IARI) spanning over 100 years (1907-2020). The checklist comprises moths from 32 families spanning 14 superfamilies with Noctuoidea (48.5%) and Pyraloidea (20.4%) being the the two most dominant superfamilies. We provide links to images of live individuals and pinned specimens for all moths and provide detailed distribution records and an updated taxonomic treatment. New information This is the first comprehensive annotated checklist of the moths of Delhi. The present study adds 234 species to the biodiversity of moths from Delhi that were not reported previously, along with illustrations for 195 species.

The characteristics of commercially available refined and bodied linseed and tung oils, used as binders in the production of armour paints after historic recipes, are explored. Employed as anticorrosive paints mainly from the 1920s to 1960s, armour paints are greener alternatives that can be used for protection in industrial heritage conservation. Using a multi-analytical approach, chemical and physical properties of the fresh oils and solid films before and after accelerated ageing (ISO 16474-2:2013) were investigated to better understand which features are beneficial for the technical function of armour paints. Tests included measurements of density, the refractive index, insoluble impurities, alkaline impurities, the water content, the iodine value, the saponification value, the free fatty acid concentration, the acid value, the peroxide value and colour (Lovibond) and cold tests. The characterisation of the fresh oils using molecular analysis with FTIR and GC-MS revealed the complexity of the commercial formulations, for which additions of semi- and non-drying oils were detected. The results show that organic paint binders follow complex chemical reactions (such as oxidation and decrease of unsaturation being variable or swelling following water-immersion tests), with implications for their suitability for use in protection.

CFA recorded several phases of below ground remains of Garnett's Paper Mill dating from the 17th Century to the turn of the 20th Century. This is believed to have formed the historic core of the mill, and was located at the east end of the weir on the River Wharfe. The structural remains included a mill race, stone arched culverts and wheel-houses, which later became turbine houses. These water courses still allowed water from the weir to pass through them. Within this structural framework of water courses were areas assigned to differing phases of mechanised processes, all of which underwent multiple, piecemeal alterations over the centuries, with identifiable changes from water power to steam; and from water wheels to water turbines. Whilst the structural remains are no earlier than the 17th century, the earliest in situ walls identified were built on foundations of re-used timbers, though a dendrochronological date could not be obtained from these. Within the backfill, covering these remain were found mill stones, gearing and drive parts, slag, very fine copper alloy remains as well as bottles and ceramics, very little of which was kept due to the contexts in which they were found.

According to the data in Index Herbariorum as of 1 December 2020, there are 3426 active herbaria in the world, containing 396,204,891 specimens and 124 herbaria in Russia with more than 16,175,000 specimens. The Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CSBG SB RAS, Novosibirsk), founded in 1946, historically has two herbarium collections (NS and NSK). Currently these collections contain about 800,000 herbarium specimens comprising vascular plants, mosses, lichens and fungi gathered from all over the world. Digitisation of the NSK type specimens of vascular plants began in 2014 by using the special scanner Herbscan. In 2018, we started digitisation of the NS and NSK collections by using ObjectScan 1600. Pteridophytes (ferns, lycophytes and their extinct free-sporing relatives) are a diverse group of plants that today comprises approximately 12,900 species and plays a major role in terrestrial ecosystems. All herbarium specimens of ferns, collected over 170 years between 1851 and 2021 and stored in the NS and NSK collections, were digitised in 2021, placed at the CSBG SB RAS digital Herbarium (http://herb.csbg.nsc.ru:8081) and published through GBIF. Twenty families of Polypodiopsida, but not Equisetaceae, were included in this dataset. Family Ophioglossaceae was digitised and published in GBIF as a separate dataset. By August 2021, more than 62,600 specimens with good quality images and fully-captured label transcriptions had been placed at CSBG SB RAS Digital Herbarium. A total of 7,758 records of fern occurrences of 363 taxa in the world with 92% geolocations including 5100 records from Russia with 98.7% geolocations that are new for GBIF.org in 2021 were entered. In the dataset specimens from 43 countries of Europe, Asia, America, Africa and Australia (Oceania), 89% of them from Russia, are presented.

Green contemporary art conservation cleaning methods are explored as sustainable museum practices, ensuring the conservator’s health and reducing the environmental impact. The performance of selected biodegradable cleaning agents, namely deionised (DI) water, a chelate based on trisodium salt of methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), Trilon® M, a non-ionic surfactant based on alkoxylated fatty alcohols (Plurafac® LF900), and two solvents, limonene and ethyl lactate, was evaluated for the surface cleaning of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polylactic acid (PLA), polypropylene (PP), and plasticized polyvinyl chloride (pPVC). Plastic mockups were used untreated or artificially soiled, simulating particulate matter or sebum stains produced by handling. Furthermore, the efficacy of ink removal from the plastic’s surface was evaluated. Surface examination was carried out using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), while μ-Raman and gloss measurements complemented the cleaning assessment methodology. The cleaning agents’ potency depends on the type of plastic, precluding a general cleaning protocol. However, their cleaning efficacy is very promising, enriching the available choices for the cleaning of plastics, using sustainable materials and practices. This study offers valuable information to the conservation field regarding the effects of the selected biodegradable cleaning agents on each type of plastic, their application method, and their cleaning efficacy for the removal of different types of soil and ink.

The paper manufacturing process remained unchanged for many centuries, until, in the nineteenth century, the crisis of rags led industrialized countries to patent new production processes with different raw materials. This study deals with this period of transition by analyzing four samples stored at the archives of Superintendency Beni Architettonici per il Paesaggio e per il Patrimonio Storico Artistico ed Etnoantropologico (BAPPDAD) of Venice Lagoon, based in the Palazzo Ducale. The samples were analyzed by FT-IR (ATR), SEM-EDS, HPLC-MS/MS and Py-GC/MS. These techniques allow the characterization of various raw materials and adhesives used in various stages of paper production. These analyses have found a gradual introduction of ground wood in the composition of papers from the mid-nineteenth century, and the use of rosin as glue only in more recent documents.

BACKGROUND: The current data paper aims to interlink the African plant collections of the Meise Botanic Garden Herbarium (BR) and the Royal Museum for Central Africa Xylarium (Tw). Complementing both collections strengthens the reference value of each institutional collection, as more complete metadata are made available and it enables increased quality control for the identification of wood specimens. Furthermore, the renewed connection enables the linking of available wood trait data with data on phenology, leaf morphology or even molecular information for many tree species, allowing assessments of performance of individual trees. In addition to studies at the interspecific level, comparisons at the intraspecific level become possible, which could lead to important new insights into resilience to and impact of global change, as well as biodiversity conservation or forest management of Central African forest ecosystems. NEW INFORMATION: By interlinking the Tervuren Xylarium Wood database with the recently digitised herbarium of Meise Botanic Garden, we were able to establish a link between 6,621 xylarium and 9,641 herbarium records for 6,953 plant specimens. Both institutional databases were complemented with reliable specimen metadata. The Tervuren xylarium now profits from taxonomic revisions made by botanists at Meise Botanic Garden and a list of phenotypical features for woody African species can be extended with wood anatomical descriptors. New metadata from the Tw xylarium records were used to add the country of collection to 50 linked BR herbarium specimens for which this information was missing. Furthermore, metadata available from the labels on digitised BR herbarium specimens was used to update Tw xylarium records with the date of collection (817 records), collection locality (698 records), coordinates (482 records) and altitude (817 records). In conclusion, we created a reference database with reliable botanic identities which can be used in a range of studies, such as modelling analyses, community assessments or trait analyses, all framed in a spatiotemporal context. Furthermore, the linked collections hold historical reference data and specimens that can be studied in the context of global changes. ispartof: BIODIVERSITY DATA JOURNAL vol:9 ispartof: location:Bulgaria status: published

The dating of organic findings is a fundamental task for many scientific fields. Radiocarbon dating is currently the most commonly used method. For wood, dendrochronology is another state‐of‐the‐art method. Both methods suffer from systematic restrictions, leading to samples that have not yet been able to be dated. Molecular changes over time are reported for many materials under different preservation conditions. Many of them are intrinsically monotonous. These monotonous molecular decay (MD) patterns can be understood as clocks that start at the time when a given molecule was formed. Factors that influence these clocks include input material composition and preservation conditions. Different wood species, degrees of pyrolysis, and pretreatments lead to different prediction models. Preservation conditions might change the speed of a given clock and lead to different prediction models. Currently published models for predicting the age of wood, paper, and parchment depend on infrared spectroscopy. In contrast to radiocarbon dating, dating via MD does not comprise a single methodology. Some clocks may deliver less precise results than the others. Ultimately, developing a completely different, new dating strategy‐such as MD dating–will help to bring to light a treasure trove of information hidden in the darkness of organic findings., This review focuses on molecular changes over time. Having been discussed since the 1960s, the variety of molecular clocks includes the change in amino acids in the primary structure of a protein over time. Molecular decay (MD) has a mainly monotonous function, a prerequisite to serving as such a clock. In addition, such clocks need a defined starting point and a defined decay function. In contrast to the decay of alpha and beta emitters, MD is influenced by several environmental factors indicated by preservation conditions. The MD method has the potential to be used for different organic materials and different scientific fields.

In the context of the transition from papyrus to paper in Egypt in the 3rd to 4th c. Hijra, Josef von Karabacek has claimed that the Vienna collection hosts some of the very early paper documents, stemming already from the 2nd or early 3rd c. Hijra. However, in this two seminal publications (on Arabic paper in 1887 and in his catalogue of the Vienna collection in 1893) no plates are given. For this article, the early Arabic paper documents as listed by Karabacek have been located in the Vienna collection and been examined as regards their dating. It will be shown that most of the very early documents are most probably much older.

This paper describes the herbarium (COFC) dataset of vascular plants of the University of Cordoba (SW Spain). This dataset is made up of two collections, the General collection (61,377 specimens) and the Historical collection (1,614 specimens). This study has focused mainly on the General collection, which contains the largest number of vascular plant specimens, predominantly angiosperms, mainly provincial and regional (Andalusia, Spain), but also with a good representation of other areas of the Iberian Peninsula and neighboring countries. The place of collection is specified in 99.7% of the labels, about 35% being georeferenced, and it is estimated that, currently, about 86% of the material housed in the herbarium has been databased using Elysia v1.0. software. With more than 178 families, 1,178 genera, and 3,750 species, this collection not only has educational importance, but is a valuable research tool that has been useful for the development of important works such as "Flora Vascular de Andalucía Occidental" and the "Flora iberica". The dataset described in this paper is registered with GBIF (accessible at https://doi.org/10.15468/fdzzal).

Research units in archaeology often manage large and precious archives containing various documents, including reports on fieldwork, scholarly studies and reference books. These archives are of course invaluable, recording decades of work, but are generally hard to consult and access. In this context, digitizing full text documents is not enough: information must be formalized, structured and easy to access thanks to friendly user interfaces., Digital Humanities 2015, Jun 2015, Sydney, Australia. 2015, Proceedings of the conference "Digital Humanities 2015"

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Notka.

The dataset (Claridge and Rendell 2010) comprises both original digital and digitised (scanned) archival records relating to archaeological, topographical and geophysical fieldwork carried out by British teams at Castelporziano from 1984 to 2009 and geomorphological and environmental fieldwork in the area during 2006-2009 (Rendell et al. 2007; Bicket et al. 2009). The data are organised in 8 sections and 53 subsections, defined primarily by type of survey and then subdivided by individual site or group of sites, and/or data type. Referee statement by Charles French

World herbaria with 387.5M specimens (Thiers 2019) are being rapidly digitised. At least 79.9M plant specimens (20.6%) are already databased throughout the globe in the standard form of GBIF-mediated data. The contribution of smaller herbaria has been steadily growing over the last few years due to cost reduction, usage of platforms and solutions developed by the leaders. A web-resource the Moscow Digital Herbarium (Seregin 2020b) was launched by the Lomonosov Moscow State University in October, 2016 for publication of specimens imaged and databased in the Moscow University Herbarium (MW). As of 31 December 2018, the web-portal included 968,031 images of 971,732 specimens digitised in MW. This dataset is available in GBIF (Seregin 2020). The global trend is largely the same in Russia, where a dozen herbaria started to scan their holdings after imaging of the nation’s second largest herbarium (Kislov et al. 2017, Kovtonyuk et al. 2019, Seregin 2020a). In 2019, we started to use Moscow Digital Herbarium as a web-repository for digitised herbarium specimens from some Russian collections, starting with the Herbarium of Tsitsin Main Botanical Gaden, Russian Academy of Sciences (MHA). Due to this, a single-university system became a multi-institutional consortium in April 2019 (Seregin 2020a). The dataset of the Moscow collections and partly of the Eastern European collections of the MHA Herbarium is now available in GBIF (Seregin and Stepanova 2020). MHA Herbarium imaged 64,008 specimens from Moscow Region and partly from other regions of Eastern Europe at 600 dpi and provided key metadata. These data are now fully available in the Moscow Digital Herbarium and GBIF. Complete georeferencing of the specimens from the City of Moscow was a key task in 2020. As of May 2020, 50,324 specimens, including 49,732 specimens from Russia, have been georeferenced (78.6%) and 39,448 specimens have fully-captured label transcriptions (61.6%). Based on these data, we give a detailed overview of the collections including spatial, temporal and taxonomic description of the dataset.

This dataset represents an invaluable compilation of 14C and non-14C ages from archaeological sites for most of the 89 bio-regions of Australia. Critically harvesting some 5,000 14C and 500 non-14C dates from over 1,000 publications, the dataset provides information on each date in 26 fields including its location, site type, biogeographic zone, sample material, context and age details (including 13C and error). This data provides a comprehensive foundation for any regional archaeology in Australia illustrating past research foci, strengths and biases in sampling of bioregions, geomorphic context, site type, sample type, and adequacy of contextualisation (e.g. association with cultural events). Such datasets can improve time series and summed probability methods and are being used as a mainstream proxy to explore archaeological trends and specifically demographic fluctuations for the tropical northern, central arid zone and southern ocean provinces. Such reconstructions will always rely on coverage and adequacy of sampling (52 bioregions register less than 50 dates). While both closed rockshelter sites and open/midden sites account for a similar proportion of dates, less than 14% of sites have returned 4 or more dates. Given that 74% of dates fall within the Holocene epoch, this period is most amenable to archaeological enquiry at a fine-scaled regional level. For the Pleistocene era, larger scale questions such as occupation patterns during the LGM might reasonably be addressed and refined. The data may be re-used for studies of a) timing of colonisation of differing bioregions, b) characterising varying mobility patterns of groups occupying the arid zone, c) identifying gaps in previous research (the Great Victoria and Tanami Deserts), d) as proxy for demographic changes, e) the responses of groups to environmental stochasticity such as OIS2 and ENSO, f) the relationship between occupation and phases of rock art production through time, g) the nature of coastal occupation during lower sea stands and specifically following mid-Holocene stabilisation, and h) not least, as a fundamental building block for any regional archaeology of Australia.

Review, Aethiopica, Vol 16 (2013)