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In the European Union (EU), Regulation (EC) 1935/2004 provides a harmonized legal EU framework and sets out the general principles for safety and inertness for all Food Contact Materials (FCMs) and Food Contact Articles. From a food safety point of view, however, specific EU legislation for paper and cardboard FCMs is lacking, while at Member State level, national legislation differs among countries. More than 11,000 chemicals have been identified in all types of FCMs, most of them without any information on toxicity or migration potential from FCM to food. The present review shows a wide variability of protocols, approaches, and conditions used in scientific studies, which are difficult to compare. In this regard, procedures and conditions laid down in EU legislation for plastics and European Standards (EN protocols) may serve as a good basis for the future sample preparation procedures in the framework of paper and cardboard FCMs safety assessment. Challenges on sample preparation procedures are presented involving the interlinked steps of sample preparation, conditions used and their impact in chemical analysis and in vitro bioassay testing. Currently, there is no general consensus on the criteria for structuring, evaluating, and tuning sample preparation procedures for paper and cardboard FCMs. For this purpose, a set of modified criteria and a decision tree are proposed based on the literature. Along this, mass transfer processes occurring in paper and cardboard FCMs and parameters affecting chemical migration need to be accounted for prior to reaching general consensus on criteria for sample preparation procedures.

The stable operation of transformers is an important guarantee of power system security. The temperature distribution of main insulation is different in long‐term operation. The temperature difference between the local hottest spot temperature and the average oil temperature in the transformer exceeds 30 K. Therefore, the oil‐paper insulation inside the transformer will exhibit non‐uniform ageing after long‐term operation. At present, frequency domain dielectric response (FDS) technology is widely used in transformer ageing assessment. However, the existing assessment methods are only used for overall insulation ageing assessment. The average moisture content and polymerization degree of the overall insulation between each phase winding are obtained. But it still cannot be used to assess the non‐uniform ageing of the transformer's main insulation. The radial, axial, and two directions non‐uniform ageing models have been made in the laboratory in this study. The FDS and physicochemical properties of non‐uniform ageing models were tested. The variation law of FDS for non‐uniform ageing models was analysed. Meanwhile, the dielectric relaxation model of non‐uniform ageing for main insulation was established. The method of frequency division iterative calculation was proposed. Combined with the Fessler moisture balance formula of ageing oil‐paper insulation, the quantitative assessment method for ageing parameters of the non‐uniform ageing model can be realized. Compared the calculated results with the chemical analysis results, the relative error of the polymerization degree calculation is less than 4%, and the error of the moisture content calculation is less than 0.3%. The calculation results can meet the needs of the engineering apply. Therefore, this method can realize the quantitative assessment of transformer main insulation ageing, which is of great significance to assess the transformer insulation state.

An efficient method that utilizes simple techniques, easy operation, and low‐cost production to create flexible graphene‐based materials is a worthy practical challenge. A rapid strategy for preparing flexible, functional graphene oxide (GO) is introduced using GO‐ethanol dispersion filtration. The filtration process is highly efficient and drying time is significantly reduced by employing ethanol as solvent, due to the fact that ethanol is a volatile liquid. Freestanding GO papers can be harvested with ultralarge size (700 cm2), color variety, and writable characteristics. After reduction, N‐doped graphene (NDG) papers still maintain good foldability with improved electric conductivity and porous structure. When used as an electrode for a supercapacitor, the flexible NDG paper device demonstrates good electrochemical performance even with size expansion and extreme double folding. Moreover, this NDG paper capacitor device shows a good electrosorption performance for capacitive deionization of sulfate and chromate in groundwater system. These flexible GO and NDG papers promise potential to facilitate the production of graphene‐based materials for practical applications in energy and environmental related fields.

Genetic cardiomyopathies are disorders of the cardiac muscle, most often explained by pathogenic mutations in genes encoding sarcomere, cytoskeleton, or ion channel proteins. Clinical phenotypes such as heart failure and arrhythmia are classically treated with generic drugs, but aetiology-specific and targeted treatments are lacking. As a result, cardiomyopathies still present a major burden to society, and affect many young and older patients. The Translational Committee of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) and the Working Group of Myocardial Function of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) organized a workshop to discuss recent advances in molecular and physiological studies of various forms of cardiomyopathies. The study of cardiomyopathies has intensified after several new study setups became available, such as induced pluripotent stem cells, three-dimensional printing of cells, use of scaffolds and engineered heart tissue, with convincing human validation studies. Furthermore, our knowledge on the consequences of mutated proteins has deepened, with relevance for cellular homeostasis, protein quality control and toxicity, often specific to particular cardiomyopathies, with precise effects explaining the aberrations. This has opened up new avenues to treat cardiomyopathies, using contemporary techniques from the molecular toolbox, such as gene editing and repair using CRISPR-Cas9 techniques, antisense therapies, novel designer drugs, and RNA therapies. In this article, we discuss the connection between biology and diverse clinical presentation, as well as promising new medications and therapeutic avenues, which may be instrumental to come to precision medicine of genetic cardiomyopathies. ispartof: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE vol:24 issue:3 pages:406-420 ispartof: location:England status: published

Nano‐MgO was successfully fabricated by a facile, inexpensive, and environment‐friendly synthetic method using filter paper as a bio‐template. The influence of the concentration of raw material Mg(CH3COO)2·4H2O on the textural properties of nano‐MgO was investigated, and the as‐prepared nano‐MgO was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, thermo gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of the experiment show the synthetic MgO fibres are composed of 20 nm tiny particles with a surface area of 68.28 m2/g and a pore width of 13 nm. When the concentration of Mg(CH3COO)2·4H2O solution was 0.03 mol/L, the product MgO copied the micro‐morphology of the filter paper. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of the prepared sample was investigated, and the results showed that the nano‐MgO prepared by this method has a higher catalytic activity than that prepared without a template.

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) produced by irradiation of paper (paper-LIG)holds substantial promise for flexible devices. This article presents paper-LIG humidity and temperature sensors fabricated by single-step irradiation of common filter paper with a pulsed UV laser (355 nm). The influence of the process parameters on the conversion of cellulose fibers into LIG is discussed based on the resulting morphology, structure, conductivity, and chemical composition, revealing a distinct barrier to transformation and a propagation behavior not seen under CO2 laser irradiation. The obtained material is constituted by a porous, electrically conductive network of fibers. The paper-LIG relative humidity (RH) and temperature sensors with sensitivities of up to 1.3 × 10−3%RH−1 and - 2.8 × 10−3 °C−1, respectively, are examined in terms of their linearity, reproducibility, and response time. A detailed discussion on the response mechanism is presented in the context of literature, pointing towards the absorption of water molecules in the interlayer spacing of graphene as the main reason for the increase in resistance with RH. Additionally, a contribution from variable range hopping along the ab plane of graphene at high RH is suggested. These results demonstrate the potential of paper-LIG for low-cost, sustainable, and environmentally friendly sensing. published

Considering that the working temperature is much higher in high‐voltage direct‐current (HVDC) convert transformers than in conventional AC transformers, the combination of thermally upgraded paper and natural ester might be a better choice to withstand high temperature in long‐term operation. This study compares the chemical structure, DC breakdown voltage, space charge and trap distribution of thermally upgraded paper aged in natural esters and mineral oil. The relationship between DC breakdown and accumulated charges was analyzed. Results show that the thermally upgraded paper aged in natural ester (NEI‐TUP) has a higher volume resistivity and DC breakdown voltage than that aged in mineral oil (MOI‐TUP). The NEI‐TUP group has a larger deep trap density than the MOI‐TUP group due to the chemical structure of natural ester. The larger deep trap density could contribute to the lower charge accumulation quantity and higher DC breakdown voltage. The thermally upgraded paper immersed in natural ester presents better insulation capability under thermal and DC electrical stress than that immersed in conventional mineral oil. This research indicated that the combination of thermally upgraded paper and natural ester might be a potential alternative for the mineral oil immersed paper in the future.

The heterocharge accumulated in the oil‐paper insulation system of the converter transformer will enhance the local electric field and cause insulation deterioration. Numerical simulation is an effective method to analyze heterocharge. Currently, the numerical simulation of heterocharge is mainly based on the bipolar charge transport (BCT) model and the impurity ion transport (IIT) model. However, the effects of temperature, conductivity, and thickness of oil‐impregnated paper on charge transport have not been considered in these models. In view of this, a modified charge transport (MCT) model by introducing the Maxwell–Wagner model and heat conduction equation is proposed in this paper based on the BCT model and IIT model. Then, the influence of multi‐factors (temperature gradient, moisture content, and oil‐impregnated paper thickness) on heterocharge accumulation is investigated by using the MCT model. The simulation results obtained by the MCT model are more consistent with the experimental results than the BCT model, which proves the accuracy and superiority of the MCT model. Moreover, the increase in temperature gradient, moisture content, and oil‐impregnated paper thickness will enlarge the ion dissociation rate, conductivity, and trap density, and thus promote the generation of heterocharge. In that respect, the MCT model is expected to optimize the insulation design and provide a reference for space charge dynamic simulation.

This paper utilizes a hybrid Debye model to accurately simulate the relaxation response process of the oil‐paper insulation of a transformer to explore the application of frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy (FDS) in nondestructive diagnosis of the aging condition of oil‐paper insulation. Via FDS test data, the model parameters can be identified, and the influence laws of FDS can be obtained through the variation of model parameters. To explore the effects of insulating paper moisture content, insulating paper layers, and test temperature on FDS characteristics, an FDS experimental platform is established. The results show that the hybrid Debye model can effectively reflect the relaxation response process of oil‐paper insulation under different conditions, as well as that a physical relationship between the model parameters and oil‐paper dielectric polarization exists. In addition, the parameters of the hybrid Debye model can be used as the characteristic quantities for the non‐destructive evaluation of the oil‐paper insulation state, providing new ideas for the non‐destructive evaluation of the oil‐paper insulation state.

The neuromodulatory subcortical system (NSS) nuclei are critical hubs for survival, hedonic tone, and homeostasis. Tau-associated NSS degeneration occurs early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, long before the emergence of pathognomonic memory dysfunction and cortical lesions. Accumulating evidence supports the role of NSS dysfunction and degeneration in the behavioral and neuropsychiatric manifestations featured early in AD. Experimental studies even suggest that AD-associated NSS degeneration drives brain neuroinflammatory status and contributes to disease progression, including the exacerbation of cortical lesions. Given the important pathophysiologic and etiologic roles that involve the NSS in early AD stages, there is an urgent need to expand our understanding of the mechanisms underlying NSS vulnerability and more precisely detail the clinical progression of NSS changes in AD. Here, the NSS Professional Interest Area of the International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment highlights knowledge gaps about NSS within AD and provides recommendations for priorities specific to clinical research, biomarker development, modeling, and intervention. HIGHLIGHTS: Neuromodulatory nuclei degenerate in early Alzheimer's disease pathological stages. Alzheimer's pathophysiology is exacerbated by neuromodulatory nuclei degeneration. Neuromodulatory nuclei degeneration drives neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. Biomarkers of neuromodulatory integrity would be value-creating for dementia care. Neuromodulatory nuclei present strategic prospects for disease-modifying therapies.

This study extensively investigated the ageing characteristics and lifetime model of oil–paper insulation for oil‐immersed paper condenser bushing. The accelerated thermal and electrothermal ageing experiments of oil‐immersed paper condenser bushing were conducted respectively. The properties of oil–paper insulation during the ageing process were investigated. Results showed that descending speed of degree of polymerization of the innermost and the outermost layer paper was higher than that of middle layer paper, the difference in water content on different paper layers caused varying deterioration speeds. The aluminium foil contributed to a surge in aluminium dissolution in oil, further accelerating the ageing of insulation. Based on the obtained degree of polymerization data under thermal ageing at 90°C, 100°C and 130°C, the lifetime model of oil–paper insulation for condenser bushing model was established. In addition, the surface breakdown of the scale model of bushing occurred after 133 days ageing, the properties of bushing decreased gradually during the ageing process and sharply after the breakdown. Degree of polymerization deviation of different paper layers in bushing between calculated value according to the above lifetime model and actual value of bushing after the breakdown was less than 6%, further verifying the validity of lifetime model.

This Editorial introduces a Special Issue of papers from the SEE International Conference RADAR 2019, which took place in Toulon, France, 23–27 September 2019. The papers are expanded versions of ones that were judged in the reviewing process to be of the highest quality and relevance. Benefitting from the unique location of the conference centre on the French Riviera, the conference was given the theme ‘Sensing from sea to space’, attracting nearly 400 attendees from 26 countries from all over the world (Figure 1). Engineers and researchers coming from private or public sector (universities and laboratories) shared their knowledge and experience on radar topics of common interests from physics to signal processing, from sensor validation to system design, and also on emerging technologies based on artificial intelligence; all topics being supported by 200 papers presented either in oral (150 papers in 36 sessions), or poster sessions (50 papers). Figure 2 shows the range of topics of the papers. 1 FIGURE Conference attendees by country 2 FIGURE Conference paper topics

As one of the main reasons for the deterioration of Nomex paper and charge migration, partial discharge (PD) plays a critical role during PD degradation. In this study, the PD characteristics of multilayer oil paper are focused on. In order to explore the characteristics of charge migration, the experiments of the relative permittivity, conductivity, isothermal surface potential decay, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier infrared spectroscopy have been carried out. The results show that the discharge branches of the second layer are two and three times longer than those in the first layer. In addition, the trap level of the first layer for PD degradation samples increases with the degree of PD degradation. The charges captured by deep traps provide seed charges for PD on the surface of the first layer. The charge transportation will accelerate the formation of shallow traps. The charge distribution and shallow traps contribute to the expansion of discharge branches.

The low‐frequency polarisation information of oil‐paper insulation could be easily obscured by the conductance effect, and the contained polarisation information thus can not be readily extracted from the frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS). Given this issue, an alternative idea is reported to extract the low‐frequency polarisation information by using logarithmic‐derivative spectroscopy (LDS). The present findings proved that the parameters extracted by using the LDS can be applied for studying the low‐frequency polarisation behaviour under the moisture effect. In that respect, the novelty of this work is in the exploration of the LDS as a potential tool to extract feature parameters for analyzing the low‐frequency polarisation information of transformer oil‐paper insulation.

In this letter to the editor, we respond to a recent article by colleagues Fornai, Tester, Parlett, Basili, and Costa that is devoted entirely to criticizing our article entitled "Centric relation critically revisited - What are the clinical implications? (J Oral Rehabil 2021;48:1050-1055). We conclude that the objections of the above authors are unfounded, because our article was based on a mountain of basic and clinical evidence in support of the positions we presented there.

The accuracy and feasibility of the traditional XY model of transformer oil–paper insulation system are disputable since it ignored the effect of non‐uniform aging and conductance on dielectric response property. Given this issue, this work attempted to report a modified XY model to overcome these defects. The novelty of this work is in the exploration of the modified XY model as a potential tool for establishing the quantitative correlation among the complex relative permittivity of the liquid insulation, solid insulation, and liquid–solid composite insulation. In that respect, the presented verification experiments proved the feasibility and accuracy of the reported model. The contributions are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the condition evaluation of transformer solid insulation under non‐uniform aging conditions.

The British Society for Haematology (BSH) produces Good Practice Papers to recommend good practice in areas where there is a limited evidence base but for which a degree of consensus or uniformity is likely to be beneficial to patient care. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) nomenclature was used to evaluate levels of evidence and to assess the strength of recommendations. The GRADE criteria can be found at http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org. This Good Practice Paper was produced as a collaboration with the European Hematology Association (EHA) compiled according to the (BSH) process at http://scanmail.trustwave.com/?c=8248&d=68DV3b1jbPPsVn-8nm3kGS2D_-Hms9YWMWrrk5K8Eg&u=http%3a%2f%2fb-s-h%2eorg.uk. This guideline group included UK-based medical experts representing the BSH and members of the Red Cell and Iron Scientific Working Group (SWG) of EHA. Literature review details: MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMED were searched systematically for publications in English from 2000 to 2019 using the following key words. ‘NGS’ and ‘next-generation sequencing’ or ‘high throughput sequencing’ AND ‘haemolytic anaemia’ or ‘DBA or ‘Diamond Blackfan anaemia’ or ‘CDA’ or ‘congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia’ or ‘sideroblastic anaemia’ or ‘HS' or ‘hereditary spherocytosis’ or ‘red cell membrane disorders’ or ‘red cell enzyme disorders’ or ‘PK deficiency’ or ‘PKD’. References from relevant publications were also searched. Conference abstracts were included if deemed to be of particular relevance. Review of the manuscript: Review of the manuscript was performed by the BSH Guidelines Committee General Haematology Task Force, the BSH Guidelines Committee and the General Haematology sounding board of the BSH. It was also on the members section of the BSH website for comment. It has also been reviewed by members of the EHA Red Cell and Iron SWG and the EHA Guidelines Executive Committee. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The mechanical pulping process is non‐linear and multivariable. To solve the related control problem, the dynamic model of the pulping process undergoes first approximate linearization around a temporary operating point which is updated at each iteration of the control algorithm. The linearization process relies on first‐order Taylor series expansion and on the computation of the Jacobian matrices of the state‐space model of the pulping process. For the approximately linearized description of the pulping process, a stabilizing H‐infinity feedback controller is designed. To compute the controller's feedback gains, an algebraic Riccati equation is solved at each time‐step of the control method. The stability properties of the control scheme are proven through Lyapunov analysis.

Searching relevant papers is a fundamental task for the elaboration of secondary studies. This task is known to be tedious and time‐consuming when it is made manually, especially with the presence of several academic repositories. Recently, Semantic Scholar has emerged as a new artificial intelligence‐based search engine enabling a set of valuable features. The present study investigates the role of Semantic Scholar in retrieving relevant papers for performing secondary studies in software engineering. For this sake, an examination is performed to check the ability of Semantic Scholar to locate included papers in recent and well‐established secondary studies. Afterwards, a hybrid and automatic search strategy is introduced making use of Semantic Scholar as a sole search engine and it incorporates: automatic search, snowballing, and use of Computer Science Ontology (CSO) and Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK) for refining queries. The proposed strategy is validated by replicating the search of high‐quality secondary studies in the software engineering field. To guarantee objectivity, a systematic search is conducted of recent secondary studies published in the field since 2015. For the coverage test, Semantic Scholar is examined to locate primary papers of selected secondary studies and identify missing venues. The proposed search strategy is used to check the ability to retrieve primary papers of each secondary study. The systematic search yielded 20 high‐quality secondary studies with 1337 distinct primary papers. The coverage test revealed that Semantic Scholar covers 98.88% of the papers. The proposed search strategy enabled the full replication of 13 studies and more than 90% for the 7 remaining studies.

Abtsract Oil–paper composite insulation (OPCI) is used as the main insulation material in the converter transformer. However, the dielectric properties of insulating oil and oil‐impregnated paper are markedly mismatched under direct current (DC) voltage, resulting in an unbalanced distribution of voltage, which is considered to be a major cause of large insulation margin but frequent failures. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the voltage distribution in OPCI to enhance its breakdown strength. In this work, surface‐treated TiO2 nanoparticles were employed to modify OPCI. The polarisation current tests revealed that by changing the additive amount of nanoparticles, the polarisation intensities of both oil and oil‐impregnated paper could be adjusted. Based on this, a model taking relaxation polarisations into full consideration was established to analyse the voltage distribution in OPCI and predict the optimal concentration. The prepared OPCI with the concentration of 0.02 g/L has desired balanced voltage distribution due to the influence of nanoparticles on interface charge, and therefore high breakdown strengths under both DC voltage and polarity reversal voltage, which can be increased by 22.6% at most. This work puts forward a novel idea to improve insulation property of OPCI and provides a reference for broader application of nanomaterial in power equipment.

The joint radar-communication (JRC) system is envisioned as an emerging sixth generation (6G) technology to tackle spectral congestion and hardware limitations by jointly implementing the communication and radar sensing on the same hardware platform and using the common radio frequency (RF) resources. Joint radar-communication systems with a multi-antenna setup leads to higher degrees of freedom, and hybrid beamforming can be exploited to achieve lower hardware complexity than conventional fully digital systems. This paper aims to design a spectral efficiency maximisation approach for a 6G inclined JRC system with hybrid beamforming and multi-antenna setup while considering the interference between communication and radar operations and hardware impairments in the system. The rate expressions for communication and radar operations are defined, and the joint spectral efficiency is maximised via optimising the number of RF chains using an efficient selection algorithm taking into account the interference of one operation to the other and system hardware distortion. The simulation results are shown to support the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and they are compared with that of existing fully digital and hybrid beamforming based baseline methods with fixed number of RF chains. The proposed approach also exhibits a desirable communication-radar trade-off in terms of spectral efficiency gains.

International audience; The increasing number of frail elderly people in our aging society is becoming problematic: about 11% of community-dwelling older persons are frail and another 42% are pre-frail. Consequently, a major challenge in the coming years will be to test people over the age of 60 years to detect pre-frailty at the earliest stage and to return them to robustness using the targeted interventions that are becoming increasingly available. This challenge requires individual longitudinal monitoring (ILM) or follow-up of community-dwelling older persons using quantitative approaches. This paper briefly describes an effort to tackle this challenge. Extending the detection of the pre-frail stages to other population groups is also suggested. Appropriate algorithms have been used to begin the tracing of faint physiological signals in order to detect transitions from robustness to pre-frailty states and from pre-frailty to frailty states. It is hoped that these studies will allow older adults to receive preventive treatment at the correct institutions and by the appropriate professionals as early as possible, which will prevent loss of autonomy. Altogether, ILM is conceived as an emerging property of databases ("digital twins") and not the reverse. Furthermore, ILM should facilitate a coordinated set of actions by the caregivers, which is a complex challenge in itself. This approach should be gradually extended to all ages, because frailty has no age, as is testified by overwork, burnout, and post-traumatic syndrome.

Isolation and cultivation of microbes from environmental samples have been fundamental and important for species identification and investigating functions and ecology of target microbes. While cultivation and isolation of microbes are not easy, the natural environment can “culture” any endemic microbes, and thus key information for culturing and isolating microbes may be encoded in the natural population dynamics of microbes. In this paper, I present the idea that culturability of microbes may be inferred by quantifying dynamics properties of microbes using nonlinear time series analytical tools. To briefly demonstrate the idea, I analyzed high-frequency, quantitative microbial time series obtained for artificial rice plots established at Kyoto University, Japan. I selected bacterial phyla that included sufficient numbers of microbial taxa, and analyzed 398 microbial taxa using empirical dynamic modeling. The nine phyla analyzed generally followed a similar pattern: many microbial taxa fell into the “Simple” dynamics category, and a small proportion of taxa were categorized in “Simple but nonlinear” or “Nearly random” dynamics categories. The present analysis suggested that many microbes in the study system might be cultivated by modifying a relatively small number of conditions. However, the present idea as well as the result is preliminary and premature, and more precise taxonomic information (i.e., species-level identification) and a culturability dataset will help to validate the idea. If the present idea was found to be valid, a priori evaluation of the culturability of microbes would become possible, which would avoid unnecessary costs (labor, time and money) of attempts to cultivate microbes.

Background Inpatient nursing documentation facilitates multi‐disciplinary team care and tracking of patient progress. In both high‐ and low‐ and middle‐income settings, it is largely paper‐based and may be used as a template for electronic medical records. However, there is limited evidence on how they have been developed. Objective To synthesise evidence on how paper‐based nursing records have been developed and implemented in inpatient settings to support documentation of nursing care. Design A scoping review guided by the Arksey and O'Malley framework and reported using PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Eligibility criteria We included studies that described the process of designing paper‐based inpatient records and excluded those focussing on electronic records. Included studies were published in English up to October 2019. Sources of evidence PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane supplemented by free‐text searches on Google Scholar and snowballing the reference sections of included papers. Results 12 studies met the eligibility criteria. We extracted data on study characteristics, the development process and outcomes related to documentation of inpatient care. Studies reviewed followed a process of problem identification, literature review, chart (re)design, piloting, implementation and evaluation but varied in their execution of each step. All studies except one reported a positive change in inpatient documentation or the adoption of charts amid various challenges. Conclusions The approaches used seemed to work for each of the studies but could be strengthened by following a systematic process. Human‐centred Design provides a clear process that prioritises the healthcare professional's needs and their context to deliver a usable product. Problems with the chart could be addressed during the design phase rather than during implementation, thereby promoting chart ownership and uptake since users are involved throughout the design. This will translate to better documentation of inpatient care thus facilitating better patient tracking, improved team communication and better patient outcomes. Relevance to clinical practice Paper‐based charts should be designed in a systematic and clear process that considers patient's and healthcare professional's needs contributing to improved uptake of charts and therefore better documentation.

Paper-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensors can be fabricated easily by dropcasting or inkjet printing colloidal Au nanoparticles onto cellulose-based filter papers. They are flexible, economical, and sensitive and provide the crucial advantage of point-of-need sampling for application in the field. In this study, paper-based SERS sensors are fabricated through inkjet printing of a colloidal Au sol onto a filter paper substrate. We have characterized their SERS performances with benzenethiol and pyridine molecules using a handheld Raman analyzer. Due to the heterogeneous loading of the Au nanoclusters on the paper substrate, we introduce the concept of receiver operating characteristic as an alternate measurand to quantify the performance of these sensors. With their inherent filtration sampling capability, we demonstrate the use of paper SERS sensors for the detection of chemical aerosols. Lastly, we present the use of a precision materials printer to deposit quantifiable amounts of analyte (fentanyl) uniformly across the active sensing area of a paper SERS sensor. This will allow for analyte-loaded certified references to be prepared and used in the field as standards for comparison.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is a case that can be used as a biochemistry learning resource in relation to the topic of viruses. Learning to use cases will be effective if students are assigned to produce reports, articles, or other scientific papers. Self‐assessment can be used to assess the competencies that have been learnt in the writing process. This study aims to analyze the scientific papers and self‐assessment of students using the COVID‐19 pandemic case. It includes qualitative research with scientific paper and self‐assessment questionnaire analyses. The research sample was chemistry education study program students (N = 57) following biochemistry course, out of a population of 87 students. The results show that the students have a good understanding of explaining COVID‐19. Self‐assessment analysis shows that 80% of the students responded positively to eight statements; those who gave positive responses to each questionnaire statement were able to produce scientific papers. Good self‐assessment is in line with the ability of students to compile good scientific papers.

Halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are promising materials for diverse applications including displays, light‐emitting diodes, and solar cells due to their intriguing properties such as tunable bandgap, high photoluminescence quantum yield, high absorbance, and narrow emission peaks. Despite the prosperous achievements over the past several years, PQDs face severe challenges in terms of stability under different circumstances. Currently, researchers have overcome part of the stability problem, making PQDs sustainable in water, oxygen, and polar solvents for long‐term use. However, halide PQDs are easily degraded under continuous irradiation, which significantly limits their potential for conventional applications. In this study, an oleic acid/oleylamine (traditional surface ligands)‐free method to fabricate perovskite quantum dot papers (PQDP) is developed by adding cellulose nanocrystals as long‐chain binding ligands that stabilize the PQD structure. As a result, the relative photoluminescence intensity of PQDP remains over ≈90% under continuous ultraviolet (UV, 16 W) irradiation for 2 months, showing negligible photodegradation. This proposed method paves the way for the fabrication of ultrastable PQDs and the future development of related applications., Solid‐state perovskite quantum dot papers are fabricated using a unique vacuum filtration growth method without a purification process. The bonding between cellulose nanocrystals and perovskite quantum dots makes the hybrid structure stable, and record high UV stability and thermal stability are achieved for perovskite quantum dot papers.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has infected more than 3.0 million people worldwide and killed more than 200,000 as of April 27, 2020. In this White Paper, we address the cardiovascular co‐morbidities of COVID‐19 infection; the diagnosis and treatment of standard cardiovascular conditions during the pandemic; and the diagnosis and treatment of the cardiovascular consequences of COVID‐19 infection. In addition, we will also address various issues related to the safety of healthcare workers and the ethical issues related to patient care in this pandemic.

Male infertility affects millions of males worldwide and is rising in prevalence due to social and environmental conditions. However, men often feel too embarrassed to receive a semen analysis in the hospital due to social stigmas. To overcome this problem, we developed a 3‐(4,5‐Dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide test strip to distinguish semen samples with low total motile sperm concentration from those with normal motile sperm concentration. This is a point‐of‐care colorimetric semen analytical method with a one‐step, inexpensive, equipment‐free evaluation process, and adequate accuracy validated in a 42‐sample clinical trial. In this study, results were evaluated visually and with a smartphone application. Using visual observation methods, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.71 (95% of confidence interval = 0.55–0.86; p = 0.021), sensitivity was 41%, specificity was 95%, positive predictive value was 90%, negative predictive value (NPV) was 59.4%, and accuracy was 67%. Using a smartphone recording and analytical system, AUC was 0.766 (95% of confidence interval = 0.612–0.92; p = 0.003), sensitivity was 96%, specificity was 65%, PPV was 75%, NPV was 92.9%, and accuracy was 80.9%. This work demonstrated a screening tool that could elevate semen analysis to the level of routine healthcare and provide for private, in‐home self‐assessment.

BACKGROUND Health risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are undisputed. Moreover, the capability of vaccination to prevent symptomatic, severe and fatal COVID-19 is recognized. There is also early evidence that vaccination can reduce the chance for long COVID-19. Nonetheless, the willingness to get vaccinated and receive booster shots remains subpar among people with neurologic disorders. Vaccine scepticism not only jeopardizes collective efforts to end the COVID-19 pandemic but puts individual lives at risk as some chronic neurologic diseases are associated with a higher risk for an unfavorable COVID-19 course. AIM In this position paper, the NeuroCOVID-19 Task Force of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) summarizes the current knowledge on the prognosis of COVID-19 among patients with neurologic disease, elucidates potential barriers to vaccination coverage and formulates strategies to overcome vaccination hesitancy. A survey among the task force members on the phenomenon of vaccination hesitancy among people with neurologic disease supports the lines of argumentation. RESULTS The study revealed that people with multiple sclerosis and other nervous system autoimmune disorders are most skeptical of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The prevailing concerns included the chance of worsening the pre-existing neurological condition, vaccination-related adverse events, and drug interaction. RECOMMENDATIONS The EAN NeuroCOVID-19 task force reinforces the key role of neurologists as advocates of COVID-19 vaccination. Neurologists need to argue in the interest of their patients about the overwhelming individual and global benefits of COVID-19 vaccination. Moreover, they need to keep on eye on this vulnerable patient group, their concerns and the emergence of potential safety signals.

'Tied visa' regimes are labour migration policies that condition migrants' visas on employment with a particular employer, thus restricting their access to the labour market. This article considers how, under such regimes, control by the state shapes control by employers, and investigates the resemblance between official migration control policies and private means of control and coercion, amounting to forced labour and trafficking. The discussion includes the theoretical analysis and empirical consideration of a case study: the Israeli tied visa regime, regulating migrant workers and Palestinian workers. The consideration of two groups of non-citizen workers, subject to different but related regimes, enables a novel analysis of the coercive impact of common labour migration policies, and of the justifications offered for such policies. The Israeli Supreme Court demonstrated some commitment to constitutional principles protecting non-citizens, but later withdrew from these principles and justified tied visas on the grounds that they serve the perceived public interest.

The guest editors would welcome contributions that clearly articulate their theoretical as well as practical implications of implementing OI approaches in different contexts. Contributing authors may use different methodological approaches including quantitative or qualitative research methods to reveal new insights on open innovations and collaborative practices among stakeholders, that can ultimately add value to businesses and society. They may reveal how and to what extent OI approaches are (or are not) creating value for their business and to society, in the long run. Suitable topics of interest may include, but are not limited to, the following: ▪ OI strategies and corporate social responsibility practices; ▪ Benefits and risks of implementing OI approaches for sustainable (and social) enterprises; ▪ Impacts of OI on sustainable development and environmental, social and corporate governance performance; ▪ OI and openness cultures that could transform businesses and influence their competitiveness; ▪ Relationships between OI and sustainability-oriented approaches; ▪ Sustainable practices affected by OI approaches; ▪ Understanding the future of OI to address global challenges; ▪ Characteristics of OI approaches and their role to navigate in uncertain environments; ▪ Factors influencing OI strategies and their effects on ethical and sustainable behaviors; ▪ Ethical and responsible solutions by companies adopting OI; The call is open to all types of papers, conceptual, theoretical and empirical and to all research methods that support novel, rigorous and innovative academic analyses., peer-reviewed

Hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe MRI uniquely images pulmonary ventilation, gas exchange, and terminal airway morphology rapidly and safely, providing novel information not possible using conventional imaging modalities or pulmonary function tests. As such, there is mounting interest in expanding the use of biomarkers derived from HP 129Xe MRI as outcome measures in multi-site clinical trials across a range of pulmonary disorders. Until recently, HP 129Xe MRI techniques have been developed largely independently at a limited number of academic centers, without harmonizing acquisition strategies. To promote uniformity and adoption of HP 129Xe MRI more widely in translational research, multi-site trials, and ultimately clinical practice, this position paper from the 129Xe MRI Clinical Trials Consortium (https://cpir.cchmc.org/XeMRICTC) recommends standard protocols to harmonize methods for image acquisition in HP 129Xe MRI. Recommendations are described for the most common HP gas MRI techniques—calibration, ventilation, alveolar-airspace size, and gas exchange—across MRI scanner manufacturers most used for this application. Moreover, recommendations are described for 129Xe dose volumes and breath-hold standardization to further foster consistency of imaging studies. The intention is that sites with HP 129Xe MRI capabilities can readily implement these methods to obtain consistent high-quality images that provide regional insight into lung structure and function. While this document represents consensus at a snapshot in time, a roadmap for technical developments is provided that will further increase image quality and efficiency. These standardized dosing and imaging protocols will facilitate the wider adoption of HP 129Xe MRI for multi-site pulmonary research.

Aim This paper provides an overview of the two broad categories of cardiac conditions observed in pregnancy (congenital and acquired). It also identifies the midwives' role in the childbirth continuum and includes assessment, track and trigger systems and management during labour and delivery. Design Discussion paper. Methods Data were collected by reviewing international evidence and by searching computerized databases. Results Research has identified that women with associated risk factors of a cardiac condition who delay pregnancy have an increased risk of experiencing cardiovascular complications in pregnancy with poorer outcomes. The Three Ps in a Pod clinical initiative in the United Kingdom highlights working as a team in multidisciplinary programmes to improve mothers' care and save lives. Midwives play a key role during pregnancy and need to be appraised in relation to cardiovascular disease observed in pregnancy, its potential risks and anticipated problems and within the continuum of care.

With the aim of exploring an alternative method of nano-doping in cellulose paper and improving flashover strength of oil-impregnated paper, radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method is introduced into the structural modification of insulating paper for converter transformers. In this experiment, insulating paper was treated with ZnO sputtering for 0, 7.5, 15 and 30 min, respectively. The surface morphology of dry paper was observed with a scanning electron microscope. The bonding mode of sputtered ZnO particles with cellulose matrix was investigated via attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and mechanical property of the sputtered samples were studied. Surface and volume conductivities of the oil-impregnated sputtered paper were measured. Moreover, the charge dissipation characteristics of sputtered insulating paper was investigated by means of surface potential decay. In addition, trap distribution and carrier mobility of specimen were further obtained. Finally, the DC flashover strength were tested. The results showed that ZnO magnetron sputtering had a distinct influence on the structure of the insulating paper, resulting in the formation of hydrogen bond and chemical bond and an increase of the surface and volume conductivities. ZnO sputtering was found to decrease the initial potential and accelerate charge decay. Moreover, appropriate sputtering enhanced the surface flashover strength.

© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Drug misuse in prisons contributes to increased disruption and violence and negatively impacts prisoner safety, rehabilitation, and recovery. Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs), colloquially known as “spice”, are infused into papers and are of particular concern in a prison setting where they are commonly vaped. Methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of SCRA infused papers, including impurity profiling, were developed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with qualitative confirmation by ultra high pressure liquid chromatography with photodiode array and quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry detection (UPLC-PDA-QToF-MS) and applied to 354 individual seized paper samples originating from 168 seizures from three Scottish prisons. Of these samples, 41% (146 samples from 101 seizures) contained at least one SCRA and multiple SCRAs were detected on 23% of these papers. Concentrations ranged from < 0.05–1.17 mg/cm2 paper, representing the first reported quantitative data for SCRA infused papers. An evolution in the SCRAs detected was demonstrated; 5F-MDMB-PINACA (5F-ADB) predominated until late 2018, after which time 5F-MDMB-PICA and 4F-MDMB-BINACA became increasingly more prevalent, followed by the arrival of MDMB-4en-PINACA in June 2019. Concentration mapping data from two seized paper samples demonstrated that SCRA concentrations across larger papers were highly variable (0.47–2.38 mg/cm2 paper) making consistent dosing by users, and representative sampling by laboratory analysts, difficult. Near real-time qualitative and quantitative information on SCRAs circulating in prisons acts as an early warning system for SCRAs emerging on the wider illicit market, inform the methods used to detect them and limit supply, and provide information to support harm reduction measures.

In a paper manufacturing system, it is substantially important to detect machine failure before it occurs and take necessary maintenance actions to prevent an unexpected breakdown of the system. Multiple sensor data collected from a machine provides useful information on the system's health condition. However, it is hard to predict the system condition ahead of time due to the lack of clear ominous signs for future failures, a rare occurrence of failure events, and a wide range of sensor signals which might be correlated with each other. We present two versions of feature extraction techniques based on the nearest neighbor combined with machine learning algorithms to detect a failure of the paper manufacturing machinery earlier than its occurrence from the multistream system monitoring data. First, for each sensor stream, the time series data is transformed into the binary form by extracting the class label of the nearest neighbor. We feed these transformed features into the decision tree classifier for the failure classification. Second, expanding the idea, the relative distance to the local nearest neighbor has been measured, results in the real‐valued feature, and the support vector machine is used as a classifier. Our proposed algorithms are applied to the dataset provided by Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers 2019 data competition, and the results show better performance than other state‐of‐the‐art machine learning techniques.

Sustainable, low-cost composite materials with improved performance typically contain, in addition to plastics, mineral fillers and fibers. Similar composite materials can also be produced by replacing fillers and fibers with side streams from paper mills using paper for recycling as their raw material. These side streams can be of different qualities and thus various end uses exist. The strength and water adsorption properties of such composites provide many opportunities for their application. Further, their environmental benefits are clear, since the use of these side streams reduces the need to landfill them. The study was also supported by chemical analysis of the side streams. This approach can also bring in additional revenue from the same raw material stream, improving overall resource and economic efficiency. POLYM. COMPOS., 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

The Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) has recently issued a position paper on the role of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in heart failure (HF). The present document provides an update of the position paper, based of new clinical trial evidence. Accordingly, the following recommendations are given:\ud \ud Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin empagliflozin, or ertugliflozin have consistently demonstrated to be effective for the prevention of HF hospitalisation in patients with T2DM and established CV disease or at high CV risk. The specifically listed agents are recommended.\ud \ud Dapagliflozin or empagliflozin are recommended to reduce the combined risk of HF hospitalisation and CV death in symptomatic patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction, already receiving guideline directed medical therapy, regardless of the presence of T2DM.

Aim To synthesize suicide prevention strategies for older adults. The review question was Which suicide prevention strategies are useful for older adults? Design Integrative review. Data sources Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Ovid PsycINFO and PubMed were searched for articles published between January 2009 and December 2019. Review methods An integrative review of quantitative, qualitative and theoretical papers with a qualitative thematic analysis. Results Key aspects of the included studies contributed to the formulation of four themes: (1) Recognizing older adults’ physical and/or mental health problems and referring them for help and treatment, (2) Designing an educational programme, (3) Communication and dialogue about warning signs and (4) Social support and awareness of causing significant others emotional pain. The findings indicate an urgent need to identify effective suicide prevention strategies for older adults.

Background Histopathological classification of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has important prognostic and therapeutic implications, but reproducibility of BCC subtyping among dermatopathologists is poor. Objectives To obtain a consensus paper on BCC classification and subtype definitions. Methods A panel of 12 recognized dermatopathologists (G12) from nine European countries used a modified Delphi method and evaluated 100 BCC cases uploaded to a website. The strategy involved five steps: (I) agreement on definitions for WHO 2018 BCC subtypes; (II) classification of 100 BCCs using the agreed definitions; (III) discussion on the weak points of the WHO classification and proposal of a new classification with clinical insights; (IV) re-evaluation of the 100 BCCs using the new classification; and (V) external independent evaluation by 10 experienced dermatopathologists (G10). Results A simplified classification unifying infiltrating, sclerosing, and micronodular BCCs into a single "infiltrative BCC" subtype improved reproducibility and was practical from a clinical standpoint. Fleiss' kappa values increased for all subtypes, and the level of agreement improved from fair to moderate for the nodular and the unified infiltrative BCC groups, respectively. The agreement for basosquamous cell carcinoma remained fair, but kappa values increased from 0.276 to 0.342. The results were similar for the G10 group. Delphi consensus was not achieved for the concept of trichoblastic carcinoma. In histopathological reports of BCC displaying multiple subtypes, only the most aggressive subtype should be mentioned, except superficial BCC involving margins. Conclusions The three BCC subtypes with infiltrative growth pattern, characteristically associated with higher risk of deep involvement (infiltrating, sclerosing, and micronodular), should be unified in a single group. The concise and encompassing term "infiltrative BCCs" can be used for these tumors. A binary classification of BCC into low-risk and high-risk subtypes on histopathological grounds alone is questionable; correlation with clinical factors is necessary to determine BCC risk and therapeutic approach.

Heart failure (HF) is common and associated with a poor prognosis, despite advances in treatment. Over the last decade cardiovascular outcome trials with sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have demonstrated beneficial effects for three SGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, canagliflozin and dapagliflozin) in reducing hospitalisations for HF. More recently, dapagliflozin reduced the risk of worsening HF or death from cardiovascular causes in patients with chronic HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. A number of additional trials in HF patients with reduced and/or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction are ongoing and/or about to be reported. The present position paper summarises recent clinical trial evidence and discusses the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of HF, pending the results of ongoing trials in different populations of patients with HF.

Carbonaceous materials, especially with graphite‐layers structure, as anode for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), are the footstone for industrialization of PIBs. However, carbonaceous materials with graphite‐layers structure usually suffer from poor cycle life and inferior stability, not to mention freestanding and flexible PIBs. Here, a freestanding and flexible 3D hybrid architecture by introducing carbon dots on the reduced graphene oxide surface (CDs@rGO) is synthesized as high performance PIBs anode. The CDs@rGO paper has efficient electron and ion transfer channels due to its unique structure, thus enhancing reaction kinetics. In addition, the CDs provide abundant defects and oxygen‐containing functional groups, which can improve the electrochemical performance. This freestanding and flexible anode exhibits the high capacity of 310 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, ultra‐long cycle life (840 cycles with a capacity of 244 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1), and excellent rate performance (undergo six consecutive currents changing from 100 to 500 mA g−1, high capacity 185 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1), outperforming many existing carbonaceous PIB anodes. The results may provide a starting point for high‐performance freestanding and flexible PIBs and promote the rapid development of next‐generation flexible batteries., A freestanding and flexible 3D hybrid architecture by introducing carbon dots on the reduced graphene oxide surface is synthesized as a high‐performance potassium‐ion battery anode. It may provide a starting point for high‐performance freestanding and flexible potassium‐ion battery and promote the rapid development of next‐generation flexible batteries.

Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), as one of analysis technologies, has shown promisingly industrial applications for significant properties for recent decades such as fast response, preciseness, non-intrusion etc. Here, the authors employed NIRS coupled with a series of physical and chemical tests to assess the ageing condition of oil-paper insulation, which is responsible for the main insulation type of high-voltage power transformer. Among these procedures, the data analytic algorithms are of utmost importance to determine the evaluation precision. After plenty of trial-and-error, Savitzky-Golay (S-G) convolution was finally utilised to de-noise samples and improve the spectral data quality. The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was used to select the optimal wavelength combination of NIRS, which is found able to fully extract the effectively spectral information and reduce dimensions of spectral data. Based on the above-mentioned techniques, the quantitative analysis model of NIRS was established by partial least squares (PLS), which could synthetically process the spectral data and the degree of polymerisation (DP) of paper samples. The results indicated that compared with the traditional detection methods, the NIRS analysis is a powerful and informative tool to characterise the condition of oil-paper insulation without intrusion or damage to transformers.