892 results
Search Results
2. Interpersonal neural synchrony when predicting others’ actions during a game of rock-paper-scissors
- Author
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E, Kayhan, T, Nguyen, D, Matthes, M, Langeloh, C, Michel, J, Jiang, and S, Hoehl
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Brain Mapping ,Cooperation ,Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ,Multidisciplinary ,Brain ,Humans ,Interpersonal Relations ,Empathy - Abstract
As members of a social species, we spend most of our time interacting with others. In interactions, we tend to mutually align our behavior and brain responses to communicate more effectively. In a semi-computerized version of the Rock-Paper-Scissors game, we investigated whether people show enhanced interpersonal neural synchronization when making explicit predictions about others’ actions. Across four experimental conditions, we measured the dynamic brain activity using the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning method. Results showed that interpersonal neural synchrony was enhanced when participants played the game together as they would do in real life in comparison to when they played the game on their own. We found no evidence of increased neural synchrony when participants made explicit predictions about others’ actions. Hence, neural synchrony may depend on mutual natural interaction rather than an explicit prediction strategy. This study is important, as it examines one of the presumed functions of neural synchronization namely facilitating predictions.
- Published
- 2022
3. Call for papers: 'Special Purpose Money for Sustainability'
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Hornborg, Alf, Paulsson, Alexander, Spinelli, Gabriella, Weaver, Paul M., Maastricht Sustainability Institute, and RS: GSBE MSI
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Global and Planetary Change ,Health (social science) ,Sociology and Political Science ,Ecology ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
This Special Feature takes the causal power of artifacts as the conceptual and theoretical lens for exploring money design and the scope for changing society by redesigning the artifact of money. The mandate of mainstream economics has been to understand the logic, operation and efficiency benefits of General Purpose Money (GPM), not to transform it, redesign it or to consider the potential benefits of Special Purpose Money (SPM). However, in interdisciplinary studies of obstacles to sustainability and how these might be addressed, the design of the money artifact should not escape scrutiny. As the pivotal role of artifacts in organizing social life is recognized throughout the humanities and social sciences, it is high time to apply this insight also to economics. A crucial research question for sustainability science informed by recent advances in the humanities and social sciences is thus: How might differently designed money artifacts impact on social and human-environmental relations? This is the overarching concern of this Special Feature.
- Published
- 2022
4. Strategies for Managing the Impacts of Disruptions During COVID-19: an Example of Toilet Paper
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Priyabrata Chowdhury and Sanjoy Kumar Paul
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,High-demand items ,021103 operations research ,Pandemic ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Supply chain disruptions ,Strategy and Management ,Supply chain ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,COVID-19 ,02 engineering and technology ,Profit (economics) ,Management Information Systems ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Service level ,0502 economics and business ,Toilet paper ,Business ,Strategies ,Business and International Management ,Social responsibility ,050203 business & management ,Original Research - Abstract
Due to the recent pandemic of coronavirus, known as the COVID-19 outbreak, the supply chains have been impacted most significantly. Manufacturers of certain items have experienced a substantial increase in demand, and on the other hand, raw materials supply, to produce those items, has reduced because of supply failure. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes some strategies to improve service level during an extraordinary pandemic outbreak, such as COVID-19, for the most wanted products such as toilet paper. This study considers meeting the increased demand of the customers for an essential product of daily life like toilet paper during a pandemic is beyond the traditional economic objective, i.e., increase profit, of the manufacturers. Instead, this should be more about the social responsibility of all the manufactures to ensure that they can serve more customers. Motivated by this and taking toilet paper as an example of the product, we first analyzed the current scenario of the manufacturing and the demand for the product and then proposed some strategies to deal with this unprecedented risk and analyzed the results. We have compared the results, using hypothetical data, between the current scenario and proposed strategies. The result shows that sharing information and resources from all manufacturers to produce under a single brand, emergency sourcing, producing basic quality items, and packing in the smallest sizes have a significant positive impact on the service level. This paper first investigates the strategies for a high-demand and essential item during a pandemic situation and proposes strategies to deal with this unique, extraordinary disruption.
- Published
- 2020
5. Unflushable or missing toilet paper, the dilemma for developing communities during the COVID-19 episode
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Jie Han and Shiyi Sun
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Public toilet ,Original Paper ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Virus transmission ,Restroom ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Sewer ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,University campus ,Dilemma ,Coronavirus ,Flushability ,Toilet paper ,Environmental Chemistry ,Business ,0210 nano-technology ,Disintegration ,Environmental planning ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Unlike in developed countries, most public toilets in China do not provide toilet paper onsite and users must bring their toilet paper. Moreover, an open waste bin is placed in each user's cubicle to collect used toilet paper and tissues. Such practices, which are common in East Asia and central America, have induced a dilemma of toilet paper disposal because some municipalities have removed waste bins from public toilets to prevent virus transmission by fecal matter. As a consequence, users were forced to flush down their used toilet paper and tissues. Yet, it is unknown whether standard toilet paper can be flushed easily without causing issues in sewer operations. Here, we surveyed the conditions of toilets in university campus and other public facilities in different regions across China. We also evaluated the disintegration characteristics of toilet paper products both by conducting online surveys and by physical disintegration experiments. We found that only 15% of toilets provided toilet paper, while open waste bins occurred at nearly all sites. Further, our survey indicated that 82% of toilet paper products sold in China did not give any indication on their flushability, whereas 77% of US products did. Disintegration results showed that none of the five popular, best-selling toilet paper products passed the flushability standard. We propose strategies to solve the current toilet paper dilemma in developing communities.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Paper microfluidic implementation of loop mediated isothermal amplification for early diagnosis of hepatitis C virus
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Jonathan M. Cooper, Pawel Jajesniak, Alice Garrett, Suleman R. Sabir, Amanda Bradley-Stewart, Julien Reboud, Rory Gunson, Gaolian Xu, Chris Davis, E. Thomson, Weronika Witkowska McConnell, and Zhugen Yang
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Genotype ,Point-of-Care Systems ,Science ,Hepatitis C virus ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Loop-mediated isothermal amplification ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Hepacivirus ,World Health Organization ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Virus ,World health ,Patient care ,Blood Urea Nitrogen ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,Active hepatitis ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Diagnostic Tests, Routine ,business.industry ,Infectious-disease diagnostics ,Diagnostic test ,General Chemistry ,Viral Load ,Hepatitis C ,3. Good health ,Early Diagnosis ,Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Laboratories ,business ,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ,Nucleic acid detection - Abstract
The early diagnosis of active hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a significant barrier to the treatment of the disease and to preventing the associated significant morbidity and mortality seen, worldwide. Current testing is delayed due to the high cost, long turnaround times and high expertise needed in centralised diagnostic laboratories. Here we demonstrate a user-friendly, low-cost pan-genotypic assay, based upon reverse transcriptase loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). We developed a prototype device for point-of-care use, comprising a LAMP amplification chamber and lateral flow nucleic acid detection strips, giving a visually-read, user-friendly result in, Current HCV nucleic acid-based diagnosis is largely performed in centralised laboratories. Here, the authors present a pan-genotypic RNA assay, based on reverse transcriptase loop mediated isothermal amplification and develop a low-cost prototype paper-based lateral flow device for point-of-care use, providing a visually read result within 40 min.
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- 2021
7. COVID-19-associated cardiovascular morbidity in older adults: a position paper from the Italian Society of Cardiovascular Researches
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Andrea Gerbino, Tommaso Angelone, Claudia Penna, Pasquale Pagliaro, Carmine Rocca, Vincenzo Lionetti, Luca Munaron, Michele Miragoli, Michele Samaja, Teresa Pasqua, and Francesco Moccia
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Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Review ,Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Hypoxemia ,Pathogenesis ,Betacoronavirus ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,Acute myocardial injury ,Endothelial dysfunction ,Intensive care medicine ,Pandemics ,Aged ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Frailty ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,COVID-19 ,Inflammasome ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Cardiovascular system ,Ageing ,Italy ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Viral pneumonia ,SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, aging, frailty, cardiovascular system, acute myocardial injury ,Position paper ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Coronavirus Infections ,business ,Cytokine storm ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects host cells following binding with the cell surface ACE2 receptors, thereby leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 causes viral pneumonia with additional extrapulmonary manifestations and major complications, including acute myocardial injury, arrhythmia, and shock mainly in elderly patients. Furthermore, patients with existing cardiovascular comorbidities, such as hypertension and coronary heart disease, have a worse clinical outcome following contraction of the viral illness. A striking feature of COVID-19 pandemics is the high incidence of fatalities in advanced aged patients: this might be due to the prevalence of frailty and cardiovascular disease increase with age due to endothelial dysfunction and loss of endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms. Although experimental evidence on this topic is still at its infancy, the aim of this position paper is to hypothesize and discuss more suggestive cellular and molecular mechanisms whereby SARS-CoV-2 may lead to detrimental consequences to the cardiovascular system. We will focus on aging, cytokine storm, NLRP3/inflammasome, hypoxemia, and air pollution, which is an emerging cardiovascular risk factor associated with rapid urbanization and globalization. We will finally discuss the impact of clinically available CV drugs on the clinical course of COVID-19 patients. Understanding the role played by SARS-CoV2 on the CV system is indeed mandatory to get further insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis and to design a therapeutic strategy of cardio-protection for frail patients.
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- 2020
- Full Text
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8. Systematic literature review paper: the regional innovation system-university-science park nexus
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T. Theeranattapong, David Pickernell, and Chris Simms
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University ,Knowledge management ,business.industry ,Technological change ,Business and Management ,General Engineering ,Commercial law ,Regional innovation system ,Shared resource ,Science park ,Intermediary ,Systematic review ,Accounting ,Political science ,Business and International Management ,business ,Nexus (standard) ,Technology transfer - Abstract
Recent work on Region Innovation Systems (RIS) has emphasised the importance of universities. Until recently, however, related insights into the dynamics of this relationship in respect of the specific role of the science park have been limited. This paper presents a systematic review identifying the key roles of each actor in relation to innovation. We link the dynamic roles performed by the university between science parks and the RIS. Our results enable us to identify how the key activities performed by the university change during its interrelations within the RIS and with the science park. Our analysis of the literature distinguishes between three sets of relationships through which the university plays differing roles: RIS-university, RIS-university-science park, and university-science park. Respectively, the University’s relationships between these different RIS actors focuses on: resource sharing, brokerage, and commercialisation-exploitation. Secondly, we find that within each of these relationship types the university can perform three types of roles: on knowledge co-creation, acting as conduit, and inter-organisational relationship building. Distinguishing between these differing relationships and roles enables us to identify a total of nine dynamic roles performed by the University, which include: provision of information, channels of communication, infrastructure, regional networking, building research collaboration, acting as knowledge intermediaries, economic development, technological change and commercialisation processes, and start up creation and commercialisation. The review identifies several gaps in the literature in need of further research, and suggests that university relationships with RIS, interlinked with those between the university and science park itself, are important factors affecting science park innovation performance.
- Published
- 2021
9. Non-radiologist-performed point-of-care ultrasonography in paediatrics — European Society of Paediatric Radiology position paper
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van Rijn, R.R., Stafrace, S., Arthurs, O.J., and Rosendahl, K.
- Subjects
education - Abstract
Non-radiologist point-of-care ultrasonography (US) is increasingly implemented in paediatric care because it is believed to facilitate a timely diagnosis, such as in ascites or dilated renal pelvicalyceal systems, and can be used to guide interventional procedures. To date, all policy statements have been published by non-radiologic societies. The European Society of Paediatric Radiology hereby issues a position statement on paediatric non-radiologist point-of-care US from the point of view of those leading on children’s imaging, i.e. paediatric radiologists. In this position statement, we will address the boundaries, education, credentialing, quality control, reporting and storage of images in paediatric practice.
- Published
- 2021
10. Management of patients with multiple myeloma in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: a consensus paper from the European Myeloma Network (EMN)
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Evangelos Terpos, Monika Engelhardt, Gordon Cook, Francesca Gay, Maria-Victoria Mateos, Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Niels W. C. J. van de Donk, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Roman Hajek, Annette Juul Vangsted, Heinz Ludwig, Sonja Zweegman, Philippe Moreau, Hermann Einsele, Mario Boccadoro, Jesus San Miguel, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Pieter Sonneveld, Terpos, Evangelos [0000-0001-5133-1422], Mateos, Maria Victoria [0000-0003-2390-1218], Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioannis [0000-0002-6328-9783], Vangsted, Annette Juul [0000-0002-2131-731X], Ludwig, Heinz [0000-0002-3302-8726], Hematology, Terpos, Evangelos, Mateos, Maria Victoria, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioannis, Vangsted, Annette Juul, and Ludwig, Heinz
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Myeloma ,Review Article ,Therapeutics ,Time-to-Treatment ,Betacoronavirus ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Personal hygiene ,medicine ,Humans ,Viral ,Intensive care medicine ,Pandemics ,Multiple myeloma ,Polypharmacy ,Infection Control ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Bortezomib ,COVID-19 ,Coronavirus Infections ,Disease Management ,Europe ,Multiple Myeloma ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Telemedicine ,Daratumumab ,Pneumonia ,Hematology ,medicine.disease ,Clinical trial ,Transplantation ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Infectious diseases ,business ,Watchful waiting ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) seem to be at increased risk for more severe COVID-19 infection and associated complications due to their immunocompromised state, the older age and comorbidities. The European Myeloma Network has provided an expert consensus statement in order to guide therapeutic decisions in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient education for personal hygiene and social distancing measures, along with treatment individualization, telemedicine and continuous surveillance for early diagnosis of COVID-19 are essential. In countries or local communities where COVID-19 infection is widely spread, MM patients should have a PCR test of nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 before hospital admission, starting a new treatment line, cell apheresis or ASCT in order to avoid ward or community spread and infections. Oral agent-based regimens should be considered, especially for the elderly and frail patients with standard risk disease, whereas de-intensified regimens for dexamethasone, bortezomib, carfilzomib and daratumumab should be used based on patient risk and response. Treatment initiation should not be postponed for patients with end organ damage, myeloma emergencies and aggressive relapses. Autologous (and especially allogeneic) transplantation should be delayed and extended induction should be administered, especially in standard risk patients and those with adequate MM response to induction. Watchful waiting should be considered for standard risk relapsed patients with low tumor burden, and slow biochemical relapses. The conduction of clinical trials should continue with appropriate adaptations to the current circumstances. Patients with MM and symptomatic COVID-19 disease should interrupt anti-myeloma treatment until recovery. For patients with positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, but with no symptoms for COVID-19, a 14-day quarantine should be considered if myeloma-related events allow the delay of treatment. The need for surveillance for drug interactions due to polypharmacy is highlighted. The participation in international COVID-19 cancer registries is greatly encouraged.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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