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In order to divide the cultivated land quality improvement area, Jiutai District in Changchun City was studied in this paper. Relying on the annual update and monitoring results of cultivated land quality in 2017 and using the improved natural potential index model, the dominant limiting type of each cultivated land unit in the study area was calculated and the extent of its dominant limitations were determined. Based on these results, cultivated land quality improvement area was determined to partition relied on the ArcGIS platform, and then some specific recommendations was made. The results showed that there were 14 dominant limiting types of cultivated land and 20 types of extent of dominant limitations combined with the dominant limiting type in Jiutai. Through the study of local conditions, the three periods of cultivated land quality improvement area of short-, medium- and long-term was divided which would provide reasonable scheduling for future land consolidation in Jiutai and reference for the improvement and construction of cultivated land quality.

As points of interest (POI)on the internet, exists widely incomplete addresses and inconsistent literal expressions, a fast standardization processing method of network POIs address information based on spatial constraints was proposed. Based on the model of the extensible address expression, first of all, address information of POI was segmented and extracted. Address elements are updated by means of matching with the address tree layer by layer. Then, by defining four types of positional relations, corresponding set are selected from standard POI library as candidate for enrichment and amendment of non-standard address. At last, the fast standardized processing of POI address information was achieved with the help of backtracking address elements with minimum granularity. Experiments in this paper proved that the standardization processing of an address can be realized by means of this method with higher accuracy in order to build the address database.

With the promotion of the coordinated development strategy of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, many core functions of non-capitals have been gradually shifted to Tianjin and Hebei. The Chaobai River area bordering the three areas has become a microcosm of coordinated development. The synergy in land use plays an important role in the process of coordinated regional development. This paper analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of cultivated land from 2001 to 2017. We used a land use transfer matrix, land use change map, and spatial Gini coefficient method to describe the characteristics of cultivated land. The following results were obtained:In terms of quantitative structure, the land use structure of the Chaobai River area showed the trend of continuous decrease in cultivated land and continuous increase in urban land use. The total cultivated land area decreased by 37 700 hm2, and the changing cultivated land area accounted for 32.61% of the total area of change. With regard to the spatial pattern, the area of cultivated land gradually changed from the pattern of uniform distribution in 2001 to large cultivated land along the southeast direction and patch distribution along northwest of Chaobai River. The active areas of cultivated land change were distributed across the Tongzhou District, Shunyi District, and surrounding areas. Cultivated land was transformed into urban land, rural residential areas, and waters. The spatial Gini coefficient of cultivated land in the Chaobai River basin of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei was low as a whole, and fluctuated from 0.000 68 to 0.004 14. However, after the coordinated development strategy of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei was proposed in 2017, the spatial Gini coefficient of cultivated land in the study area decreased rapidly to 0.001 04, and the degree of land use and landscape fragmentation intensified. It can be concluded that the characteristics of cultivated land use change in the study area are remarkable, and spatial differentiation was obvious from 2001 to 2017. This study can serve as reference for the implementation of land use master plan under the new coordinated development strategy of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and improve the ability to deal with the relationship between urban construction, economic development, and cultivated land protection.

Aimed at the nonlinearity and uncertainty of building energy consumption, a forecasting approach based on the support vector machine is proposed in this paper for the prediction of hourly energy consumption of an office building. The univariate model test is used to determine the input parameters. Superior model hyper-parameters are found by grid search optimization. The confidence interval of the model fitting error is applied to describe the uncertainty of building energy consumption. A case study is conducted using the data collected from an actual office building to verify the proposed approach. The results show that the overall mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the model after grid search optimization is reduced by 31.3%, and a higher model precision is achieved. After combining the prediction with the confidence interval, MAPE is found to be lower than 1.5% in different seasons and the building operation fluctuations are embodied. This approach can be used in the diagnosis and optimization of building operation.

This paper summarized the nursing care of a patient undergoing resection of massive brainstem tumor combined with cesarean section at 38 weeks of gestation. Nursing interventions were carried out including close observation of vital signs, prevention of complications after brainstem tumor resection, prevention of cranial pressure caused by cerebral hernia, improving pulmonary ventilation by prone position, Traditional Chinese and western medicine combined with rehabilitation treatment, enhancement on the separation of maternal and child care after cesarean section and neonatal care, nutrition support and psychological nursing.

Chordoma is a rare primary malignant bone tumor derived from notochord remnants. Due to its strong local invasiveness and chemotherapy resistance, chordoma has a high local recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Although previous studies identified many molecules including brachyury as the oncogenes in chordoma, the pathogenesis of chordoma remains to be fully elucidated. The treatment of chordoma is still a challenge for the surgeons. In recent year, multiple novel biomarkers such as iASPP, SMARCB1 and signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT have been reported to be related with the pathogenesis of chordoma. Identifying crucial targets and signaling pathways is helpful to understand the pathogenesis of chordoma further, and lays a solid foundation to develop new drugs to improve the therapeutic effects of chordoma on the other hand. In this paper, we aim to review the recent advances in molecular regulation mechanism of chordoma.

This paper presents test results including data analyses of 31 concentrically 'loaded' columns and 6 eccentrically loaded ones subjected to the standard ASTM E-119 fire., Ce document expose les résultats comprenant ceux des analyses des données de 31 colonnes à charge concentrique et de 6 colonnes à charge excentrique, soumises à l'incendie expérimental suivant la norme ASTM E-119.

application/pdf, Departmental Bulletin Paper

What is Applied Linguistics? What are its mission and scope? This paper will outline theoretical approach to defining these concepts, along with presenting three new concepts: Language Resources, Language Engineering and the Science of Language Engineering. Also, in the area of Language Engineering, four theoretical suppositions will be reviewed., 長崎大学教養部紀要. 人文科学篇. 1994, 35(1), p.67-78

What is Applied Linguistics? What are its mission and scope? This paper will outline theoretical approach to defining these concepts, along with presenting three new concepts: Language Resources, Language Engineering and the Science of Language Engineering. Also, in the area of Language Engineering, four theoretical suppositions will be reviewed.

Kinpu mountainin Yoshino mountain is famous as one of the monasteries of the Japanese Taoism school. The monasteries take the mountains as the stage of religious activities and require practitioners to practice in the mountains. Therefore, the belief in mountains is the basis of the monasteries. The monasteries are developed from Shinto, Buddhism and Taoism, and pursue the unity of man, mountain and God. Kinpusen temple's Amulet five prison mirror is the only temple in Japan that worships the true figure of five mountains in China. This paper analyzes the talisman five prison mirror of Kinpusen temple in Japan and the true figure and mirror of five Taoist mountains, and discusses the reference and absorption of the Japanese practice of Taoism to the elements of Taoism in China, as well as its spread and influence in Japan., 陶徳民教授古稀記念号

"The paper is to discuss the meaning, the nature, and the subject fields of the Humanities; to study the information needs of the Humanists; and to introduce some important reference sources in the Humanities. The paper indicates the future trends of reference services in the Humanities are as follows to develop on-line searching, to collect various kinds library materials, to educate and train specialized librarians on Humanities, as well as to march towards virtual library era in networking environment. Under such circumstances, we hope that both the library school and the library could educate and train librarian effective and efficient enough to provide the readers with excellent services in the future. (Article content in Chinese with English abstract)"

Many approaches have been taken by different groups to organize electronic resources on Internet. Some of them purport to index the electronic resources automatically. Search engines are typical in this category. Another category is the traditional library cataloging approach. For example, modified MARC formats are used to catalog the Internet resources. Besides these two, there are also some other ways to organize Internet resources, such as classification number schemes, subject heading systems, and other manual subject guides to provide a central access point for value-added topical guides. This paper introduces different approaches to organize Internet resources and focuses mainly on librarians' efforts. (Article content in Chinese with English abstract)

Much research has been conducted regarding how reference librarians can evaluate and improve the quality of the answers they provide to users' inquiries. There has been considerably less discussion, however, concerning how to improve the quality of the delivery of those answers, and to upgrade the overall quality of reference services as a whole. Suggestions for improving the quality of service contained within the business literature may be applied to improve library services as well. In this paper the use of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) as a tool for improving reference services quality is explored and an adapted framework referred to as service quality function deployment is proposed.

An important step to understand text is to build the discourse structure through cohesion and coherence. However, to build the discourse structure in turn depends on the full understanding of texts, so that many efforts on this line are not automatic and not successful. A corpus-based model based on 1) repetition of words, 2) importance of words, and 3) collocational semantics for texts is proposed in this paper. It focuses on association norms of noun-noun relations and noun-verb relations defined on discourse level and sentence level, respectively. According to this model, a text partition algorithm is proposed to determine the boundaries of discourse structures and a topic identification algorithm is also presented. The results of a series of experiments show that the proposed model is promising. (Article content in Chinese with English abstract)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the scientific communication and information seeking behavior of the life scientists at Academia Scinica, and also their perceptions of future information needs. Besides literature review, this exploratory study integrating qualitative and quantitative research methods uses questionnaire and in-depth interview to investigate this elite scientific community. The results show that there are significant relationships between information exchange behaviors and variables such as academic rank, age and specialization. Most participants project that browsing, print format, peer review, face to face communication and professional meetings still will be important in the future. Finally, this paper suggests a model of scientific communication and information seeking to emphasize that life scientists produce information and also use information via formal and informal channels. (Article content in Chinese with English abstract)

Since 1986 the National Library of Medicine has begun a long term research project to build the Unified Medical Language System. The purpose of the UMLS is to improve the capability of the system to realize user's biomedical queries and further help retrieve and integrate relevant information. To achieve the goals of the UMLS project, NLM designed four knowledge sources: Metathesaurus, Semantic Network, Information Source Map, and Specialist Lexicon. In this paper, we introduce the development assumption and strategy of the UMLS and the implementation of the four knowledge sources. We also try to analyze the possibilities of applying the four knowledge sources of the UMLS to the present information environment in Taiwan. We hope that this paper is just a beginning for us, so-called information managers, to think about how to build a powerful Chinese database.[Article content in Chinese]

Since 1986 the National Library of Medicine has begun a long term research project to build the Unified Medical Language System. The purpose of the UMLS is to improve the capability of the system to realize user's biomedical queries and further help retrieve and integrate relevant information. To achieve the goals of the UMLS project, NLM designed four knowledge soures: Metathesaurus, Semantic Network, Information Source Map, and Specialist Lexicon. In this paper, we introduce the development assumption and strategy of the UMLS and the implementation of the four knowledge sources. We also try to analyze the possibilities of applying the four knowledge sources of the UMLS to the present information environment in Taiwan. We hope that this paper is just a beginning for us, so-called information managers, to think about how to build a powerful Chinese database. (Article content in Chinese with English abstract)

Permanent shringking of product lead times and innovation cycles as well as an enhanced focus on customer needs are emblematic for the dramatically changing business environment of the 90s. In order to adapt to these changes conventional serial and tayloristic development techniques need to give way to an integrated approach. The rapid product development concept presented in this paper takes organizational, economical and technological aspects into account, many of which currently lack practical evaluation on a broad basis. An example demonstrates how the process of product development can be made more effective and efficient by using this new concept.

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. This paper briefly reviewed the applications of neural networks in optimization and scheduling problems. The background of combining neural networks with optimization and scheduling problems is first introduced, and the common problem of optimization and scheduling are described briefly. Following that, this paper gives out various neural network models for optimization and scheduling problems and their comparisons, and shows the main models. Finally the conclusion and future research in this field are proposed briefly.

This paper is to introduce some important electronic information in general and in the subject fields of the Humanities. It indicates the future developments of the electronic information in the humanities as follows to construct electronic full text database and image file; to improve retrieval vocabulary and language system; to speed up the digitalization of library materials; and to organize the Internet resources. (Article content in Chinese with English abstract)

Due to the increasingly growing Internet, many countries take a serious look at the new information carrier. Few years ago, National Science Foundation (NSF) of USA initiated research projects on Digital Libraries (DL). Other countries around the world also initiated many DL research projects recently. There are some DL projects undergoing now in Taiwan. However, in the process of project execution, many project leaders find out that the students involving in these projects are not well trained. This is not because of educational quality, but the interdisciplinary characteristics of DL researches. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the supporting courses for training manpower in the field of digital library. After preliminary analysis, there is little consensus on the usage of terminology. As for the curriculum, 36 courses are suggested by professors and experts. With comparison to the current curriculum, a joint force from different departments is capable to cultivate the necessary manpower for DL projects. Only six courses need to be initiated to compensate the deficiency of the current curriculum. Due to the interdisciplinary characteristics of DL projects, this paper suggests that 20 credits is the minimal requirement for students from various fields to gain the basic knowledge and skills to involve DL projects. (Article content in Chinese with English abstract)

The development of Internet makes the researches on information retrieval more changeable. Actually, the so-called "information retrieval" is "text retrieval." It is necessary for users to find out the needed information from the retrieved texts. A higher-level task is information extraction, which extracts the information based on pre-defined templates. From the viewpoint of Library Science, these pre-defined templates are the metadata, which describes the collection of libraries in common. This paper discusses the relationships between metadata and information extraction and how natural language processing helps the task of information extraction. (Article content in Chinese with English abstract)

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. This paper proposes a hybrid method of genetic algorithm (GA) and constraint satisfaction adaptive neural network (CSANN) for solving job-shop scheduling problems. In the hybrid method GA is used to iterate for searching optimal solutions, CSANN is used to solve feasible solutions during the iteration of GA. Computer simulations have shown the good performance of the proposed hybrid method for job-shop scheduling problems.

In this paper, the objective and scope of the doubly green revolution are introduced. The necessity, advantange and problems that carry out doubly green revolution in China were analysed. To ensure doubly green revolution success in China, it suggests that investment for agriculture should be increased, social service system and market for agriculture should be improved, and the regime for agriculture scientific research should be reformed.

This paper is a state report of the public library organizational systems in Taiwan, Republic of China, which is to study the following aspects: the founding regulations and the rules, the organizational hierarchies, the organizational structure and subordinate unites, librarian’s recruiting regulations and rules, as well as the library advisory systems. [Article content in Chinese]

This paper is a slate of art report of the public library organizational systems in Taiwan, Republic of China, which is to study the following aspects: the founding regulations and rules, the organizational hierarchies, the organizational structures and subordinate unites, librarian's recruiting regulations and rules, as well as the library advisory systems. (Article content in Chinese with English abstract)

Digital Libraries and Museums (DL/M) have become one of the important research issues of Library and Information Science as welt as other related fields. This paper describes the basic concepts of DL/M and briefly introduces the development of Taiwan Digital Museum Project. Based on the features of various collections, we discuss how to maintain, to manage and to exchange metadata, especially from the viewpoint of users. We propose the draft of metadata, MICI (Metadata Interchange for Chinese Information), developed by ROSS (Resources Organization and Searching Specification) team. Finally, current problems and future development of metadata will be touched. (Article content in Chinese with English abstract)

The total quality management (TQM) is a process, a technique, a management style, a goal and a tool. Most important of all, TQM means quality service. However, these are concepts largely unfamiliar to libraries but which seem to have strong potential to offer new insights and strategies in library management. This paper attempts to expound the theoretical advantages of TQM and the barriers of its application in U.S. libraries. (Article content in Chinese with English abstract)

The National Bibliographic Information Network (NBINet) is a bibliographic database established on October 30, 1991 and maintained by Taiwan's National Library (National Central Library). Initially, the database included 18 member libraries (16 from national universities and 2 from the public libraries). In 1998, there are 26 member libraries and 70 non-member libraries joined the NBINet. This NBtNet has been considered a comprehensive and important database for Chinese studies worldwide and offered more than 1.6 million entries of bibliography records on June 1997. This paper consists three perspectives of NBINet: (1) NBINet's problems and solutions in relation to computerization and the Internet. (2) its connection with Taiwan Academic Network (TANet) and Internet, (3) and users' expectation toward NBINet. Hopefully, this kind of the experience for establishing a bibliographic database can be used as a reference for others who may want to build up a similer database. (Article content in Chinese with English abstract)

In this paper, the photothermal radiometry (PTR) and optical beam deflection (OBD-mirage effect) were used to study the relationship between the thermal properties of CuNiSi thin films and the amount of rare earth elements adding to the target materials. The results show that the addition of lanthanide element mixture causes the difference in the thermal behavior of the thin films. The thermal diffusivity increases with the increase of the amount of rare earth elements adding to the tagets. Meanwhile the increasing of adding amount of rare earth elements lead to the decrease of the resistivity and temperature coefficient of resistance of the thin films. The change trend of the resistivity is in conformity with the change of thermal diffusivity of the thin films.

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. This paper proposes a new adaptive neural network , based on constraint satisfaction, and efficient heuristics hybrid algorithm for job-shop scheduling. The neural network has the property of adapting its connection weights and biases of neural units while solving feasible solution. Heuristics are used to improve he property of neural network and to obtain local optimal solution from solved feasible solution by neural network with orders of operations determined and unchanged. Computer simulations have shown that the proposed hybrid algorithm is of high speed and excellent efficiency.

本文的主要目的是探讨在外债管理方面的重大问题在中国的外国资本和管理问题也由中国政府遇到。文中，我们利用国家会计身份使用，这两个差距分析以及两个时期的消费和储蓄模型来解释对外资的需求。尽管中国已经经历了高储蓄率，经常帐盈余和高外汇储备。但是，中国仍然是吸引大量外国资本。这两个标准的差距分析和其他经济理论似乎无法解释这种现象。该文件属性，这种现象的事实，中国需求（1）外国转让技术的外国资本;（二）转让的管理理念和企业文化;（3）开发潜力巨大的国内市场;（4）开拓国际市场网络跨国公司;及（5）创造就业机会。 The major aim of this paper is to discuss major issues of foreign capital in China and also management problems encountering by the Chinese Government in managing its external debt. In the paper, we make use of national accounting identities, the two gap analysis as well as two period model of consumption and savings to explain the needs for foreign capital. Even though China has been experiencing high saving rate, current account surplus and high external reserves. However, China is still attracting huge amount of foreign capital. The two gap analysis and other standard economic theories seem to have failed to explain such phenomenon. The paper attributes such phenomenon to the fact that China needs foreign capital for (1) transfer of foreign technology; (2) transfer of management philosophy and corporate culture; (3) exploiting potentials of huge domestic market; (4) exploiting international market network of Multinational corporations; and (5) job creation. ​Master of Science (Managerial Economics)

The paper studies the issue of economies of scale of the township and village enterprises in China. Through empirical assessment of the industrial structure of the township and village enterprises in Jiangsu province, we found that the development of township and village enterprises in Jiangsu province have been dramatically constrained by the limited economies of scale. By applying the Cobb—Douglas production function model and thus the derived total factor productivity, the impact of limited economies of scale on productivity is clearly verified. Based on the empirical study, the essay proposed some policies of improving the economies of scale in China's township and village enterprises. ​Master of Science (Managerial Economics)

As a strategically essential material for survey, food has always been important to China's economic development and social stability. With relatively small arable land to grow food for huge population, consensus among Chinese policy makers is to stress the importance of food production. China has vast land and various natural conditions. Based on its unique natural condition, each province needs to figure out how to best solve its food security issues The goal of this paper is to make some policy recommendations to solve Hebei's food security issues in the 21st century. This paper first reviewed past food production and demand situations in Hebei. After providing future food demand and supply estimates, this paper discussed some policy recommendations on solving Hebei's food security problems. It seeks to achieve efficient resource allocation, stead increase in food production and economic efficiency. It is concluded that the goal of food security in Hebei can be reached so long as following recommendations are implemented: insisting market orientation, increasing economic efficiency, enhancing infrastructure construction, applying high-tech in agricultural production, and improving market distribution. ​Master of Science (Managerial Economics)

政府在社会经济发展中的作用是一项长期持久的话题。在过去的20世纪里，中国一直贯彻中央计划体制转变到市场经济体制过渡。在转轨过程中面临的自然中国政府那些从未见过的许多问题。由于对市场经济应如何运行的知识缺乏，中国的改革政策表明犹豫和矛盾，错误的干预经常可以看到。有一个清醒的认识上述问题，本文探讨了在中国经济中的政府作用的理论和实践问题。 Government role in economic development is a long lasting topic. During the last 20 years of the century, China has been carrying out the economic transition of transforming the central planning system to a market system. In the process of transition Chinese government naturally faced many problems that have never met before. Due to the lacking of knowledge of how the market economy should be run, China' s reforming policy showed hesitation and inconsistency, wrong intervention could be seen frequently. To have a clear understanding of the above issue, this paper explored the theoretical and practical issues of the government role in Chinese economy. ​Master of Science (Managerial Economics)

The reform of state-owned enterprises plays a center role in China's economic system reform. One of the key problems of state-owned enterprises in China is how to select, supervise and provide right incentives to their managers. The purpose of this paper is to find out a systematic method to solve the problem mentioned above. To do so, the paper analyses the managers' behavior of state-owned enterprises, based on the principal-agent theory and the survey of 60 managers of 20 enterprises in QingHuangDao City, P. R. China. ​Master of Science (Managerial Economics)

In the last twenty years of reform and open policy, Cangzhou' s livestock industry has grown the fastest and become a leading industry in agricultural and rural economy. Based on the past development of livestock industry in Cangzhou, this paper discussed its important contribution in following aspects: increasing farmers' income, quickening farmers' steps to get rid of poverty and become better off, meeting the increased demand of the masses for livestock products, improving people' s living quality, quickening the optimal adjustment in rural economy and internal structure of agriculture, promoting the transformation of surplus labour force in the countryside, maintaining rural stability, moving agriculture forwards and promoting industry, driving the development of industry, trade and commerce and individual and private economy as well, increasing more export and earning more foreign exchange and so on. Drawing on the experience and theory of developed countries with advanced livestock industry, the author analyzed problems in the development of livestock industry and put forward the short-term recommendations in promoting industrialization in Cangzhou' s livestock industry: market guidance, "heads" leading, base supporting and benefit connection. Then as to the trans-century development of Cangzhou livestock industry, constructive suggestions were put forward about market fostering, science and technology improving, service promotion, government policy coordination. ​Master of Science (Managerial Economics)

While user-centered design has been emphasized, much of the discussion of digital libraries is concerned about choosing Web-based technology to create a digitized collection and establish related infrastructure. An investigation into the potential users of a community-based digital library suggests that some critical social, ecological and cultural aspects of information-related behavior of those users need to be taken into account for a digital library to accomplish its goals. This paper reports on an empirical study of scholarly communication among users of the Taiwan Historical Archives and how those scholars and researchers find and use information. Several design principles are suggested based on the findings of such user study. (Article content in Chinese with English abstract)

The selection of road network is a fuzzy decision-making process. Aiming at problems such as noise, conflict and human decision-making in the cartographic generalization algorithm based on general case reasoning, this paper proposes a road network selection method which uses ontology to organize cases and conduct knowledge reasoning. In this paper, we extract expert cases from series scale map and describe them formally according to ternary model. To realize knowledge reasoning, these cases are used to build a domain ontology repository, reorganizing their representation format. Then, ontology rule extension helps to identify and eliminate noise and conflict cases. Additionally, with methods of semantic mapping and graph query, the semantic and geometric features of the road network to be selected are associated with the ontology repository to realize road network selection automatically.

International audience

The aim of a computerized adaptive test (CAT) is to construct an optimal test for an individual examinee. To achieve this, the ability of the examinee is estimated during test administration and items are selected that match the current ability estimate. This is done using an item response theory (IRT) model that is assumed to describe an examinee’s response behavior. It is questionable, however, whether the assumed IRT model gives a good description of each examinee’s test behavior. For those examinees for whom this is not the case, the current ability estimate may be inadequate as a measure of the ability level and as a result the construction of an optimal test may be flawed. There are all sorts of factors that may cause an ability estimate to be invalidated. For example, examinees may take a CAT to familiarize themselves with the questions and randomly guess the correct answers on almost all items in the test. Or examinees may have preknowledge of some of the items in the item pool and correctly answer these items independent of their trait level and the item characteristics. These types of aberrant behavior invalidate the ability estimate and it therefore seems useful to investigate the fit of an item score pattern to the test model. Research with respect to methods that provide information about the fit of an individual item score pattern to a test model is usually referred to as appropriateness measurement or person-fit measurement. Most studies in this area are, however, in the context of paper-and-pencil (P&P) tests. As will be argued below, the application of person-fit theory presented in the context of P&P tests cannot simply be generalized to CAT. The aim of this article is first to give an introduction to existing person-fit research in the context of P&P tests, then to discuss some

This paper tries to suggest some possible models and policies for the development of Chinese science and technology industrial parks by analyzing world-Chinese science parks and experically examining science and technology industrial parks in China. On the basis of above analyses, we put forward some model options and policy recommendations for the development of science parks in China. ​Master of Science (Managerial Economics)

Based on various existing definitions of poverty, this paper gives an account on the measurements of poverty and the distribution of China's poor regions. It also provides a detailed analysis on the efficacy and achievements of China's anti-poverty policies. Furthermore, it explores the issues and options regarding poverty alleviation that the Chinese government has to face in the 21st century. Finally, it proposes a series of anti-poverty policies that should be implemented in the immediate future. Master of Science

This paper uses empirical method to analysis and define the MTB level from 1978 to 1998, 20 years after China's reform and opening, explore the reason of proportion decreasing of tax revenue at GDP. Paper tries to find the formation of inconsistent of enterprise's heavy burden and fiscal tightness existing side by side, seek for the thinking and countermeasure of this contradiction, and provide scientific basis to define and adjust China's tax burden level rationally. This paper uses empirical method to analysis and define the MTB level from 1978 to 1998, 20 years after China's reform and opening, explore the reason of proportion decreasing of tax revenue at GDP. Paper tries to find the formation of inconsistent of enterprise's heavy burden and fiscal tightness existing side by side, seek for the thinking and countermeasure of this contradiction, and provide scientific basis to define and adjust China's tax burden level rationally. This paper uses empirical method to analysis and define the MTB level from 1978 to 1998, 20 years after China's reform and opening, explore the reason of proportion decreasing of tax revenue at GDP. Paper tries to find the formation of inconsistent of enterprise's heavy burden and fiscal tightness existing side by side, seek for the thinking and countermeasure of this contradiction, and provide scientific basis to define and adjust China's tax burden level rationally. ​Master of Science (Managerial Economics)