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Sialorrhea is a group of symptoms characterized by excessive accumulation of saliva in the mouth and unconscious overflow from the mouth. It can be divided into physiological sialorrhea and pathological sialorrhea. The etiology of sialorrhea is complex. Local oral factors, systemic diseases, drug induction or psycho-physiological factors can lead to excessive saliva secretion or excessive saliva storage in the mouth, which can lead to sialorrhea. Physiological sialorrhea generally does not require treatment, while different treatment strategies are needed in cases of pathological sialorrhea. There are many treatments for sialorrhea, including oral and maxillofacial system training, drugs, botulinum toxin injection, surgical treatment, and less commonly, traditional Chinese medicines, radiotherapy and neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy. For different patients, different treatment methods should be adopted, and the treatment should be gradual. To correct the abnormalities in the oral and maxillofacial regions, the primary disease should be treated, contact with/the use of substances inducing salivation should be stopped, or psychological treatment should be administered, combined with oral and maxillofacial system training; if the effect is not good, invasive treatment, such as surgery, should be considered. At present, there are no unified, clear diagnostic criteria or simple and effective treatments in the clinic. In this paper, the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of sialorrhea, combined with our group′s many years of experience in the diagnosis and treatment of sialorrhea, are reviewed to provide a useful reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of sialorrhea.

Peri⁃implantitis is an inflammatory disease that occurs around dental implants and damages both soft and hard tissues, the characteristic feature of which is bone loss. The major etiology of peri⁃implantitis is dental plaque, in⁃ cluding implant overload implants, a history of periodontitis, smoking and diabetes as risk factors. The standards for the clinical diagnosis of peri⁃implantitis are bleeding on probing, suppuration, a peri⁃implant pocket depth ≥5 mm, and X⁃ ray evidence. Treatment includes mechanical debridement, drug therapy, laser treatment and surgical treatment. Regu⁃ lar supportive peri⁃implant therapy can be effective for curing and preventing peri⁃implantitis. In this paper, the etiolo⁃ gy, clinical examination and treatment of periodontitis are reviewed.

Chronic recurrent parotitis (CRP) is a non⁃obstructive parotid inflammation in young children or adults,generally associated with recurrent and intermittent swelling of parotid gland, while children are more susceptible. The etiology of this disease is not clear, clinical manifestations are similar to other diseases, and the effective prevention and control measures are lack currently. This paper reviewed the research progress of the etiology of CRP in recent years, and summarized the role of sialography, ultrasonography and sialoendoscopy in diagnosis and treatment, and summa⁃ rized the main points of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CRP in children and adults. The relationship and identifi⁃ cation of two kinds of CRP and clinically confusing Sjǒgren's syndrome were analyzed.