994,361 results
Search Results
2. Management of Incidental Thyroid Nodules on Chest CT: Using Natural Language Processing to Assess White Paper Adherence and Track Patient Outcomes
- Author
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Benjamin Wildman-Tobriner, Steven Dondlinger, and Ryan G. Short
- Subjects
Thyroid nodules ,Chest ct ,Thyroid ultrasound ,computer.software_genre ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,White paper ,Chart review ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Thyroid Nodule ,Natural Language Processing ,Retrospective Studies ,Incidental Findings ,business.industry ,Ultrasound ,Nodule (medicine) ,medicine.disease ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Artificial intelligence ,medicine.symptom ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,computer ,Natural language processing - Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to develop a natural language processing (NLP) pipeline to identify incidental thyroid nodules (ITNs) meeting criteria for sonographic follow-up and to assess both adherence rates to white paper recommendations and downstream outcomes related to these incidental findings. Methods 21583 non-contrast chest CT reports from 2017 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated to identify reports which included either an explicit recommendation for thyroid ultrasound, a description of a nodule ≥ 1.5 cm, or description of a nodule with suspicious features. Reports from 2018 were used to train an NLP algorithm called fastText for automated identification of such reports. Algorithm performance was then evaluated on the 2017 reports. Next, any patient from 2017 with a report meeting criteria for ultrasound follow-up was further evaluated with manual chart review to determine follow-up adherence rates and nodule-related outcomes. Results NLP identified reports with ITNs meeting criteria for sonographic follow-up with an accuracy of 96.5% (95% CI 96.2-96.7) and sensitivity of 92.1% (95% CI 89.8-94.3). In 10006 chest CTs from 2017, ITN follow-up ultrasound was indicated according to white paper criteria in 81 patients (0.8%), explicitly recommended in 46.9% (38/81) of patients, and obtained in less than half of patients in which it was appropriately recommended (17/35, 48.6%). Discussion NLP accurately identified chest CT reports meeting criteria for ITN ultrasound follow-up. Radiologist adherence to white paper guidelines and subsequent referrer adherence to radiologist recommendations showed room for improvement.
- Published
- 2022
3. The legal content of a white paper for an ICO (initial coins offering)
- Author
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Sergey Kasatkin
- Subjects
White (horse) ,Smart contract ,Communication ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Advertising ,computer.file_format ,Certainty ,Security token ,Computer Science Applications ,White paper ,ICO ,Business ,Content (Freudian dream analysis) ,Law ,computer ,media_common - Abstract
Clear legal content of white papers provides certainty, stability and trust in the relations between all the participants in initial coins offering (ICO) procedures and contributes to the successfu...
- Published
- 2021
4. Design and Construction of Zana Robot for Modeling Human Player in Rock-paper-scissors Game using Multilayer Perceptron, Radial basis Functions and Markov Algorithms
- Author
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Peshawa Jammal Muhammad Ali, Abdolreza Roshani, Maryam Ghasemi, Ehsan Nazemi, Farhad F. Nia, and Gholam Hossein Roshani
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Paper ,Technology ,Computer science ,Science ,Markov model ,upgraded Markov model ,Radial basis functions ,Software ,Multilayer perceptron ,Scissors game ,MATLAB ,General Environmental Science ,computer.programming_language ,Graphical user interface ,Computer. Automation ,Artificial neural network ,Markov chain ,business.industry ,Agriculture ,Rock ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Robot ,business ,Engineering sciences. Technology ,computer ,Algorithm - Abstract
In this paper, the implementation of artificial neural networks (multilayer perceptron [MLP] and radial base functions [RBF]) and the upgraded Markov chain model have been studied and performed to identify the human behavior patterns during rock, paper, and scissors game. The main motivation of this research is the design and construction of an intelligent robot with the ability to defeat a human opponent. MATLAB software has been used to implement intelligent algorithms. After implementing the algorithms, their effectiveness in detecting human behavior pattern has been investigated. To ensure the ideal performance of the implemented model, each player played with the desired algorithms in three different stages. The results showed that the percentage of winning computer with MLP and RBF neural networks and upgraded Markov model, on average in men and women is 59%, 76.66%, and 75%, respectively. Obtained results clearly indicate a very good performance of the RBF neural network and the upgraded Markov model in the mental modeling of the human opponent in the game of rock, paper, and scissors. In the end, the designed game has been employed in both hardware and software which include the Zana intelligent robot and a digital version with a graphical user interface design on the stand. To the best knowledge of the authors, the precision of novel presented method for determining human behavior patterns was the highest precision among all of the previous studies.
- Published
- 2021
5. Towards development of a system for automatic assessment of the quality of a question paper
- Author
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Sujan Kumar Saha
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Question assessment ,Higher education ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Question difficulty ,Question paper quality ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.software_genre ,Education ,Domain (software engineering) ,Development (topology) ,Educational assessment ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Question relevance ,Quality (business) ,Relevance (information retrieval) ,Set (psychology) ,media_common ,lcsh:LC8-6691 ,lcsh:Special aspects of education ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Computer Science Applications ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Quality Score ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,business ,0503 education ,computer - Abstract
In this paper, we present a system for automatic evaluation of the quality of a question paper. Question paper plays a major role in educational assessment. The quality of a question paper is crucial to fulfilling the purpose of the assessment. In many education sectors, question papers are prepared manually. A prior analysis of a question paper might help in finding the errors in the question paper, and better achieving the goals of the assessment. In this experiment, we focus on higher education in the technical domain. First, we conducted a student survey to identify the key factors that affect the quality of a question paper. The top factors we identified are question relevance, question difficulty, and time requirement. We explored the strategies to handle these factors and implemented them. We employ various concepts and techniques for the implementation. The system finally assigns a numerical quality score against these factors. The system is evaluated using a set of question papers collected from various sources. The experimental results show that the proposed system is quite promising.
- Published
- 2021
6. Modeling-Guided Design of Paper Microfluidic Networks: A Case Study of Sequential Fluid Delivery
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Dharitri Rath and Bhushan J. Toley
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Paper ,Optimal design ,Reverse engineering ,Computer science ,Microfluidics ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Instrumentation ,Immunoassay ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Mathematical model ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Control engineering ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Trial and error ,0104 chemical sciences ,Flow (mathematics) ,Richards equation ,0210 nano-technology ,Convection–diffusion equation ,computer - Abstract
Paper-based microfluidic devices are popular for their ability to automate multistep assays for chemical or biological sensing at a low cost, but the design of paper microfluidic networks has largely relied on experimental trial and error. A few mathematical models of flow through paper microfluidic devices have been developed and have succeeded in explaining experimental flow behavior. However, the reverse engineering problem of designing complex paper networks guided by appropriate mathematical models is largely unsolved. In this article, we demonstrate that a two-dimensional paper network (2DPN) designed to sequentially deliver three fluids to a test zone on the device can be computationally designed and experimentally implemented without experimental trial and error. This was accomplished by three new developments in modeling flow through paper networks: (i) coupling of the Richards equation of flow through porous media to the species transport equation, (ii) modeling flow through assemblies of multiple paper materials (test membrane and wicking pad), and (iii) incorporating limited-volume fluid sources. We demonstrate the application of this model in the optimal design of a paper-based signal-enhanced immunoassay for a malaria protein, PfHRP2. This work lays the foundation for the development of a computational design toolbox to aid in the design of paper microfluidic networks. ©
- Published
- 2020
7. Smartphone-based application vs paper-based record: female adolescents acceptance on fluid record tool
- Author
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Izka Sofiyya Wahyurin, Izzati Nur Khoiriani, Hiya Alfi Rahmah, and Pramesthi Widya Hapsari
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Nutrition and Dietetics ,Multimedia ,Computer science ,Paper based ,computer.software_genre ,computer ,Food Science - Abstract
Introduction: Water is essential for normal functioning of the human body. Total fluid intake assessment using fluid record method is considered to be a burden for respondents, and the development of technology is expected to contribute favourably to this issue. My Fluid Diary is a smartphone-based application developed by the researcher as a fluid intake recording tool. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptance of manual, paper-based fluid intake recording compared to using My Fluid Diary as a trial among Indonesian vocational female students. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted to explore students’ acceptance of fluid intake recording using the smartphone-based application. An exploratory case study approach involving 38 female students as key informants was used via focus group discussion and in-depth interview as a method of triangulation. Results: Based on the data, female adolescents admitted that the application was more acceptable for fluid intake than recording manually using a book, in consideration of three aspects - the benefits, the easiness, and the application display or features. Based on its benefits, My Fluid Diary was mentioned as easy to learn and use. However, in order to improve the application, there is still a need for research development. Conclusion: My Fluid Diary was an application with respectable acceptance for fluid record compared to the manual, paper-based method among female adolescents.
- Published
- 2020
8. Nanocellulose reinforcement in paper produced from fiber blending
- Author
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Matheus Felipe Freire Pego, Maria Lucia Bianchi, and Patrícia Kaji Yasumura
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040101 forestry ,0106 biological sciences ,Grammage ,Materials science ,Opacity ,Pulp (paper) ,Forestry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Plant Science ,Permeance ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Nanocellulose ,Coating ,010608 biotechnology ,Ultimate tensile strength ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,computer ,SISAL ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nanocellulose addition on the physical–mechanical properties of the paper produced from different fiber blends, besides comparing two nanocellulose addition methods. Three different fibers were used for fiber blending (eucalyptus, sisal, and pine). Handsheets were formed based on the mixing of all possible combinations at a 45/55 ratio in 2% consistency and 60 g/m2. Handsheet reinforcements were performed by two methods: The mixture method (MT) was a mixture of nanocellulose along with pulp during paper formation in 3, 5, and 10% addition; the coating method (CT) was the superficial coating of dry formed papers in 10% addition. Nanocellulose was produced by mechanical microfibrillation of sisal pulp. Handsheets were evaluated by physical and strength properties. Nanocellulose addition increased thickness, volume, grammage, apparent density, opacity, roughness, tensile strength, tensile index, stretch, bursting index, tear index, and fold endurance by 8.7, 8.8, 10.4, 2.1, 4.1, 23.2, 45.7, 31.8, 20.1, 14.2, 21.1, and 271.6% but reduced bulk, brightness, and air permeance by 1.9, 3.4, and 71.7%, respectively. The reinforcement methods presented distinct results. In physical properties, an increasing tendency toward nanocellulose (MT) increase was observed in thickness, grammage, and apparent density despite the decreasing trend in air permeance. No tendency was observed in other physical properties. In general, CT presented higher values of thickness, grammage, bulk, and brightness but lower values of apparent density and opacity, compared to MT. The mixture method showed an increasing tendency in strength properties with the increase of nanocellulose content. CT obtained fewer strength properties compared to MT.
- Published
- 2020
9. A Tool for Comparing Mathematics Tasks from Paper-Based and Digital Environments
- Author
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Alice Lemmo
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General Mathematics ,Comparability ,Paper based ,computer.software_genre ,Science education ,Mathematics education ,Computer-based assessment ,Education ,Task design ,Comparative study, Computer-based assessment, Mathematics education, Task analysis, Task design ,Human–computer interaction ,Educational assessment ,Task analysis ,Statistical analysis ,Comparative study ,computer ,Pencil (mathematics) - Abstract
Comparative studies on paper and pencil– and computer-based tests principally focus on statistical analysis of students’ performances. In educational assessment, comparing students’ performance (in terms of right or wrong results) does not imply a comparison of problem-solving processes followed by students. In this paper, we present a theoretical tool for task analysis that allows us to highlight how students’ problem-solving processes could change in switching from paper to computer format and how these changes could be affected by the use of one environment rather than another. In particular, the aim of our study lies in identifying a set of indexes to highlight possible consequences that specific changes in task formulation have, in terms of task comparability. Therefore, we propose an example of the use of the tool for comparing paper-based and computer-based tasks.
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- 2020
10. Potential for energy conservation: A portable desktop paper reusing system for office waste paper
- Author
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Zutao Zhang, Yajia Pan, Yanping Yuan, Tingsheng Zhang, and Liu Xinglong
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Computer science ,Transportation ,Reuse ,computer.software_genre ,Grayscale ,lcsh:TD1-1066 ,lcsh:TH1-9745 ,Compensation (engineering) ,Save energy and resources ,Font ,lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Database ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Paper reusing system ,Greyscale sensor ,Schematic ,Building and Construction ,Font area detection ,Environmentally friendly ,Renewable energy ,Energy conservation ,business ,computer ,lcsh:Building construction - Abstract
Renewable paper reusing plays a significant role in the sustainable environment under the background of the shortage in forest resources and the pollution from the paper industry. The conventional reusing stream of waste office paper appears to have low reusing rates while consuming massive amounts of energy in intermediate steps. In this study, we developed a novel portable renewable desktop paper reusing system based on font area detection and greyscale sensor. The proposed system consists of two main parts, namely, a greyscale sensor and font area detection model and a polishing mechanism. Acting as an ink mark detector for waste desktop paper, the greyscale sensor and font area detection model can detect the font in the waste desktop paper using an adaptive dynamic compensation schematic. The polishing mechanism will grind the font area of the wasted desktop paper, and this paper reusing processing is non-chemical, energy saving and environmentally friendly. The proposed system is demonstrated through simulations and experimental results, which show that the proposed renewable desktop paper reusing system is portable and is effective for reusing waste office paper in the office. An accuracy of 99.78% is demonstrated in the greyscale sensor and font area detection model, and the average reuse rate of one piece of paper is 2.52 times, verifying that the proposed portable system is effective and practical in renewable desktop paper reusing applications.
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- 2020
11. Engagement in PC-based, smartphone-based, and paper-based materials: Learning vocabulary through Chinese Stories
- Author
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Yijen Wang
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Embryology ,Vocabulary ,Multimedia ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cell Biology ,Paper based ,Anatomy ,computer.software_genre ,computer ,Developmental Biology ,media_common - Published
- 2020
12. Comparison of three filter paper-based devices for safety and stability of viral sample collection in poultry
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Suwarak Wannaratana, Aunyaratana Thontiravong, and Somsak Pakpinyo
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General Immunology and Microbiology ,Food Animals ,Filter paper ,DNA stability ,viruses ,Stability (learning theory) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Sample collection ,Data mining ,Biology ,computer.software_genre ,computer - Abstract
General diagnosis of poultry viruses primarily relies on detection of viruses in samples, but many farms are located in remote areas requiring logistic transportation. Filter paper cards are a usef...
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- 2020
13. Comparing LSTM and GRU Models to Predict the Condition of a Pulp Paper Press
- Author
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Antonio J. Marques Cardoso, Rui Assis, Balduíno César Mateus, Mateus Mendes, and José Torres Farinha
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Technology ,Multivariate statistics ,Control and Optimization ,Computer science ,GRU ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Predictive maintenance ,predictive maintenance ,LSTM ,recurrent neural network ,paper press ,Autoregressive integrated moving average ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Hyperparameter ,Artificial neural network ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Univariate ,Statistical model ,Recurrent neural network ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
The accuracy of a predictive system is critical for predictive maintenance and to support the right decisions at the right times. Statistical models, such as ARIMA and SARIMA, are unable to describe the stochastic nature of the data. Neural networks, such as long short-term memory (LSTM) and the gated recurrent unit (GRU), are good predictors for univariate and multivariate data. The present paper describes a case study where the performances of long short-term memory and gated recurrent units are compared, based on different hyperparameters. In general, gated recurrent units exhibit better performance, based on a case study on pulp paper presses. The final result demonstrates that, to maximize the equipment availability, gated recurrent units, as demonstrated in the paper, are the best options.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Safe-Error Analysis of Post-Quantum Cryptography Mechanisms - Short Paper
- Author
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Guénaël Renault, Luk Bettale, and Simon Montoya
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Post-quantum cryptography ,Exploit ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Short paper ,Process (computing) ,Cryptography ,Fault (power engineering) ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Error analysis ,NIST ,business ,computer - Abstract
The NIST selection process for standardizing Post-Quantum Cryptography Mechanisms is currently running. Many papers already studied their theoretical security, but the resistance in deployed device has not been much investigated so far. In particular, fault attack is a serious threat for algorithms implemented in embedded devices. One particularly powerful technique is to use safe-error attacks. Such attacks exploit the fact that a specific fault may or may not lead to a faulty output depending on a secret value. In this paper, we investigate the resistance of various Post-Quantum candidates algorithms against such attacks.
- Published
- 2021
15. Effects of Hemicellulose on Recycling Performance of Paper Based on Sisal Fibers
- Author
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Yian Chen, Haisong Qi, Shaoliu Qin, Shenming Tao, Xingzhen Qin, Cunzhi Zhang, and Pan Chen
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials science ,chemistry ,Hemicellulose ,Paper based ,Pulp and paper industry ,computer ,SISAL ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry growingly paid attention to the recycling and maintenance of waste paper products. Each paper-making cycle would lead to a sharp drop in the mechanical properties of the cellulosic paper, which was related to the hornification effect. Here, the recycling performance of the holocellulose paper was studied, compared with that of the cellulosic paper. Holocellulose fibers from sisal were fabricated by a gentle delignification method, and the well-preserved cellulose and hemicellulose components hindered the cocrystallization and aggregation of cellulose fibril. Holocellulose paper exhibited much more favorable recycling properties, compared with cellulosic paper. After 5 runs of recycling, holocellulose paper still shown an ultimate strength as high as 25 MPa (reduced from 35 MPa), a decrease of 27.1 %. However, cellulosic paper experienced a substantial loss in ultimate strength from 35 MPa to 9 MPa, a decrease of about 74 %. This can be attributed to the core-shell structure from cellulose and hemicellulose to weaken the hornification effect.
- Published
- 2021
16. Paper based analytical devices for blood grouping: a comprehensive review
- Author
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Mahdi Aminian, Maliheh Paknejad, and Saeed Ebrahimi Fana
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Paper ,Blood transfusion ,Computer science ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Point-of-Care Systems ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Flow method ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Blood typing ,Antibodies ,Software portability ,Application areas ,ABO blood group system ,medicine ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,business.industry ,Paper based ,Blood grouping ,Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ,Biological Assay ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer - Abstract
The clinical importance of blood group (BG) antigens is related to their ability to induce immune antibodies that can cause hemolysis. Yet, ABO and D (Rh) are still considered to be the key antigens for healthy blood transfusion and secondary antigens are the next priority. Serological typing is the most widely used typing method. Rapid and accurate blood grouping plays an important role in some clinical conditions, rather than conventional techniques. Hence, developing a simple and economical model for rapid blood grouping would facilitate these tests. In recent decades, paper-based microfluidics such as μPADs has gained much interest in wide application areas such as point-of-care diagnostic. In this study, we evaluated μPADs that are performed for blood grouping and its recent progress. A comprehensive literature search was performed using databases including PUBMED, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Keywords were blood grouping or typing, paper analytical device, rapid test, etc. After investigation of search results, 16 papers from 2010 to 2020 were included. Further information in detail was classified in Table 1. Generally, two principles for blood typing μPADs are introduced. The lateral chromatographic flow method and the vertical flow-through method that detects BG in a visual-based manner. To detect results with acceptable clarity many factors and challenges like paper, blood sample, buffer, Ab and RBC interaction and also μPADs stability need to be considered, which are discussed. In conclusion, the simplicity, stability, cheapness, portability and biocompatibility of μPADs for blood grouping confirming its utility and also they have the capability to robust, universal blood-grouping platform. Table 1 Summary of blood grouping tests using paper-based analytical devices Antigens Type of diagnosis Validation method Sample No Accuracy Action time Paper type Stability Sample dilution Buffer Ref A, B, Rh Forward volunteers records 5 - - Whatman No. 4 - 1/2 PBS* (Khan et al. 2010) A, B, Rh Forward gel assay test and conventional slide test 100 100% 1 min Whatman No. 4 and Kleeenex paper towel 7 Days in 4 °C 1/1 NSS (Al-Tamimi et al. 2012) A, B, Rh Forward gel card assay 99 100% 20 Sec + Washing Kleeenex paper towel - 1/1 NSS (Li et al. 2012) A, B, Rh Forward - - - - Kleeenex paper towel - 45/100 PSS (Li et al. 2013) A, B, Rh Forward gel card assay 98 100% 1.5 min Kleeenex paper towel - 85/100 PBS (Guan et al. 2014b) C, E, c, e, K, Jka, Jkb, M, N, S, P1, and Lea Forward gel card assay 266 100% - Kleeenex paper towel - 1/1 NSS (Li et al. 2014b) A, B, Rh Forward and Reverse conventional slide test 96 ≈ 91% 10 min Whatman No. 1 21 Days in 4 °C 1/2 NSS (Noiphung et al. 2015) C, c, E, e, K, k, Fya, Fyb, Jka, Jkb, M, N, S and s, P1, Lea and Leb Forward - 478 - - Kleeenex paper towel - 1/1 NSS, PBS (Then et al. 2015) A, B Forward and Reverse conventional slide test 76 100% 5-8 min Whatman No. 4 38 Days in 4 °C 1/4, 1/1 NSS (Songjaroen and Laiwattanapaisal 2016) D, K Forward volunteers records 210 - 7.5 min Kleenex paper towel - 1/1 NSS (Yeow et al. 2016) A, B, c, e, D, C, E, M, N, S, s, P1, Jka, Jkb, Lea, Leb, Fya, and Fyb Forward and Reverse gel card assay 3550 ≈100% 30 s Fiber glass and cotton linter 180 Days in 25 °C 45/100, 1/1 PBS (Zhang et al. 2017) A, B Forward conventional slide test 598 100% 3 min Whatman No. 113 14 Day in 4 °C 1/1 NSS (Songjaroen et al. 2018) A, B, Rh Forward conventional slide test - - 30 Sec + Washing Unrefined sisal paper - 1/2 NSS (Casals-Terré et al. 2019) A, B, Rh Forward - - - - Whatman No.1 - 1/1 NSS (Ansari et al. 2020) ABORh Forward and Reverse conventional slide test - 100% Unrefined Eucalyptus papers - 1/2 NSS, PBS (Casals-Terré et al. 2020) A, B, Rh Forward - - - 30 Sec + Washing Whatman No. 4 modified with chitosan ≥ 100 days in 25 °C 1/1 NSS (Parween et al. 2020)
- Published
- 2021
17. Human-Computer Cloud for Smart Cities: Tourist Itinerary Planning Case Study
- Author
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Smirnov, Alexander, Ponomarev, Andrew, Teslya, Nikolay, Shilov, Nikolay, van der Aalst, Wil M.P., Series editor, Mylopoulos, John, Series editor, Rosemann, Michael, Series editor, Shaw, Michael J., Series editor, Szyperski, Clemens, Series editor, and Abramowicz, Witold, editor
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Analyzing the Accuracy of Answer Sheet Data in Paper-based Test Using Decision Tree
- Author
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Aris Puji Widodo, Edy Suharto, and Suryono Suryono
- Subjects
education ,Computer science ,Decision tree ,Paper based ,data mining ,computer.software_genre ,lcsh:QA75.5-76.95 ,lcsh:HD72-88 ,Test (assessment) ,lcsh:Economic growth, development, planning ,Comprehension ,paper-based test ,Order (business) ,decision tree ,Data mining ,lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science ,Raw data ,computer ,Single layer ,Test data - Abstract
In education quality assurance, the accuracy of test data is crucial. However, there is still a problem regarding to the possibility of incorrect data filled by test taker during paper-based test. On the contrary, this problem does not appear in computer-based test. In this study, a method was proposed in order to analyze the accuracy of answer sheet filling out in paper-based test using data mining technique. A single layer of data comprehension was added within the method instead of raw data. The results of the study were a web-based program for data pre-processing and decision tree models. There were 374 instances which were analyzed. The accuracy of answer sheet filling out attained 95.19% while the accuracy of classification varied from 99.47% to 100% depend on evaluation method chosen. This study could motivate the administrators for test improvement since it preferred computer-based test to paper-based.
- Published
- 2019
19. A Coin-Free Oracle-Based Augmented Black Box Framework (Full Paper)
- Author
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Kyosuke Yamashita, Mehdi Tibouchi, and Masayuki Abe
- Subjects
Black box (phreaking) ,Computer science ,Programming language ,Applied Mathematics ,Signal Processing ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,computer.software_genre ,Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design ,computer ,Full paper ,Oracle - Published
- 2020
20. Legibility of prints on paper made from Japanese knotweed
- Author
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Barbara Blaznik, Klemen Možina, Dorotea Kovačević, Sabina Bračko, and Klementina Možina
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Environmental Engineering ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Colorimetric properties ,Inkjet printing ,Invasive alien plant species ,Japanese knotweed paper ,Legibility ,Typography ,Bioengineering ,Substrate (printing) ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,Print permanence ,010608 biotechnology ,Typeface ,Plant species ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal ,computer ,Stroke width ,Natural language processing - Abstract
The spread of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) is a leading reason for worldwide environmental change due to their effects on biodiversity and humans. Some valued goods from IAPS have been produced, e.g. paper that consists of cellulose fibres from Japanese knotweed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the usability of this paper grade as a printing substrate, since it does not have ideal optical properties as it is expected from commercial office paper. Because it is widely used, inkjet printing technology was employed. Print permanence is essential, especially when printing documents. However, typographic characteristics must be considered to make a text more legible. Two widely used typefaces (Arial and Times) were tested in three commonly used type sizes (8 pt, 10 pt, and 12 pt). The results showed that the paper made from Japanese knotweed could have valuable properties and suitable legibility, especially when using typefaces with a moderate counter size, high x-height, and minimal differences in the letter stroke width to obtain an appropriate typographic tonal density with an adequate type size. Even after exposure to light, the texts printed in a proper type size and stroke width remained visible.
- Published
- 2020
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