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Diarrhea is an increase in the incidence and fluidity of feces that is greatest characterized by duration (acute versus chronic), pathophysiologic apparatus, and anatomic location. Different types of diarrhea influence the health of both sexes. Infectious diarrhea is a big issue in many underdeveloped nations, with a high death rate, specifically among children under the age of five. Water diarrhea can be caused by a variety of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Acute bloody diarrhea is a health emergency that should be treated quickly. Most instances of acute diarrhea are clear on their own days without remedy. If you have adopted lifestyle adjustments and domestic remedies for diarrhea without achievement, there these are thought to be clinical remedies. By proper sanitation, hygiene protection, hand washing, food hygiene, and vaccination are required to control diarrhea.

As the global human and animal population increases, deadly pathogens and parasites may be transmitted by arthropods. There are a number of vectors that pose a threat to human health due to their role in transmitting dangerous pathogens, including mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). The most important drawback of these products is the incidence of insecticide resistance, which has increased rapidly in recent years. New approaches and vector-control tools targeting aquatic stages and adults are urgently needed. The three main mosquito genera, Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex, transmit the causative agents of numerous important diseases to humans as well as animals. A technique that involves the use of genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes for the purpose of vector control is another potential option. Other best ways to control the mosquito are by chemical, biological and genetic means.

Anemia is a serious health issue throughout the world affecting both sexes of any age group. This nutritional disease is more common among the pregnant women of developing countries, where it is a major cause of maternal death and negative outcome of pregnancy. Among all anemic types, IDA is most prevalent one and is comprises of about 95% of all anemic cases around the world. In many developing countries it is more common in women of low socio-economic background and with no record of antenatal checkup. There is need for further health educational programs to overcome anemia especially for pregnant females.

Health care associated infections also termed as nosocomial infections are notable cause of morbidity and mortality especially in resource limited countries like Pakistan. Newborns and aged people have more probability of being infected by Health care associated infections because of immunosuppressant. Central line associated blood stream infections (CLABSI) are considered as one of the promising negotiator associated with Health Care associated infections. Improper health care setting and unaware medical staff play a championship protagonist in prevalence of health care associated infections. Standard hygienic measures should be adopted to reduce risk of Health care associated infections. So, there is a pressing need to take on control policies by Government to handle this dilemma. This chapter gives new intuition to healthcare associated microbes, infections and provides comprehensive detailed on ironic precaution to scientific community.