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Purpose: There has been a recent uptick in interest in studying the impact of user ratings and comments posted on social networking sites. The growth of the Internet and e-commerce sites have made it more simpler to locate and assess data, lessened the possibility of identity theft, and increased confidence in the data's accuracy. The study's goal is to determine whether or not customers' exposure to reviews and comments influences their propensity to make a purchase on e-commerce site.   Theoretical framework: In contrast to previous research that has examined the impact of user reviews and comments on e-commerce sites, the team behind this investigation looked solely at the impact of such data on media consumers   Design/methodology/approach: In a poll, participants were asked about their recent internet shopping experiences and whether or not they were impacted by word-of-mouth advertising. Then, give impartial evaluation data on how views, reactions, and eWOM affected online shopping intent   Findings: Based on a structural equation modeling study of 384 observations, we learn that the most influential components in shaping purpose are knowledge, attitude, perceived value, familiarity, and reference group   Research, Practical & Social implications: The study help business use social media to sell product or service effectively through understanding consumer behavior in referencing feedback and view on product   Originality/value: The value of the study provide researcher theoretical framework in studying consumer behavior through product purchase intention impacted by feedback and view of consumer on social media.

The religious landscape in the Nordic countries has changed in recent decades. This article looks at what this means from the perspective of the religious socialisation experiences of Finnish and Swedish youth. Research has shown that the views and values of parents, family, friends, the youth culture and those that are prevalent in school and society as a whole are important for young people's self-development. The intergenerational socialisation of religious traditions and values has diminished as societies have become more secularised. As this topic is scarcely researched, new studies are needed also on young people's perspectives. This article aims to fill the research gap by investigating the kind of impact that parents, school and friends have on young people's religious socialisation.

Purpose: There has been a recent uptick in interest in studying the impact of user ratings and comments posted on social networking sites. The growth of the Internet and e-commerce sites have made it more simpler to locate and assess data, lessened the possibility of identity theft, and increased confidence in the data's accuracy. The study's goal is to determine whether or not customers' exposure to reviews and comments influences their propensity to make a purchase on e-commerce site. Theoretical framework: In contrast to previous research that has examined the impact of user reviews and comments on e-commerce sites, the team behind this investigation looked solely at the impact of such data on media consumers Design/methodology/approach: In a poll, participants were asked about their recent internet shopping experiences and whether or not they were impacted by word-of-mouth advertising. Then, give impartial evaluation data on how views, reactions, and eWOM affected online shopping intent Findings: Based on a structural equation modeling study of 384 observations, we learn that the most influential components in shaping purpose are knowledge, attitude, perceived value, familiarity, and reference group Research, Practical & Social implications: The study help business use social media to sell product or service effectively through understanding consumer behavior in referencing feedback and view on product Originality/value: The value of the study provide researcher theoretical framework in studying consumer behavior through product purchase intention impacted by feedback and view of consumer on social media

Large housing estates (LHEs) in eastern Germany are often stigmatised in media and public discourses. They are considered symbols of the state-socialist era. Furthermore, LHEs are usually presented as monotonous entities without inner variation, including in scientific literature. This poses the risk of a general and thoughtless stigmatisation of these estates. This paper focuses on the concept of territorial stigmatisation. Although stigmatised from the outside, in many cases the internal image contrasts with the external one. Previous literature indicates four main aspects that need more attention in scientific studies on LHEs and territorial stigmatisation: (1) a longterm perspective including the area’s historical development, (2) the analysis and evaluation of micro-scale data independent of common statistical boundaries, (3) the residents’ perceptions of their living environment, and (4) a more critical reflection in the academic discourse about one’s own role as a knowledge producer. By using the Leipzig-Grünau LHE as an example, we explore, first, how the internal image has changed over time, and second, whether micro-scale differences within the estate can be identified. We draw on findings of a long-term study investigating the development of the Leipzig-Grünau LHE since 1979. The results illustrate that the respective historical context has had a major influence on image generation over time. Furthermore, a micro-scale analysis reveals that even subspaces in immediate proximity differ with regard to socio-demographic characteristics, the housing and neighbourhood conditions and ownership. In particular, the residents perceive their living environment in a more nuanced way, which influences their image of the estate.

This paper investigates novel computational methods for Regenerative Design by developing further on the European Daylight Standard EN 17037, to make it useful at both urban and architectural scales. Case studies are evaluated for sunlight, daylight and quality views. A computational method, compliant with EN 17037, is introduced for the evaluation of sunlight. An assessment of daylight metrics, for an office building in Helsinki, with a 300 lux target, demonstrates a 12% difference between spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA; occupied hours) and Illuminance levels (EN 17037 method 2; daylight hours), 37% between sDA and Daylight Factor (EN 17037 method 1), and 25% between methods 1 and 2. A new computational method for evaluating ‘views’ on the floorplan is proposed that considers ‘view content’ (EN 17037 View Out layers), ‘view access’, the potential viewpoint-based ‘outside distance’, and can be extended to add the ‘quality of environmental information’. Further research directions and use of spatial metrics are discussed for sunlight, daylight, and view quality., QC 20230628

This paper investigates novel computational methods for Regenerative Design by developing further on the European Daylight Standard EN 17037, to make it useful at both urban and architectural scales. Case studies are evaluated for sunlight, daylight and quality views. A computational method, compliant with EN 17037, is introduced for the evaluation of sunlight. An assessment of daylight metrics, for an office building in Helsinki, with a 300 lux target, demonstrates a 12% difference between spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA; occupied hours) and Illuminance levels (EN 17037 method 2; daylight hours), 37% between sDA and Daylight Factor (EN 17037 method 1), and 25% between methods 1 and 2. A new computational method for evaluating ‘views’ on the floorplan is proposed that considers ‘view content’ (EN 17037 View Out layers), ‘view access’, the potential viewpoint-based ‘outside distance’, and can be extended to add the ‘quality of environmental information’. Further research directions and use of spatial metrics are discussed for sunlight, daylight, and view quality., QC 20230628

This paper investigates novel computational methods for Regenerative Design by developing further on the European Daylight Standard EN 17037, to make it useful at both urban and architectural scales. Case studies are evaluated for sunlight, daylight and quality views. A computational method, compliant with EN 17037, is introduced for the evaluation of sunlight. An assessment of daylight metrics, for an office building in Helsinki, with a 300 lux target, demonstrates a 12% difference between spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA; occupied hours) and Illuminance levels (EN 17037 method 2; daylight hours), 37% between sDA and Daylight Factor (EN 17037 method 1), and 25% between methods 1 and 2. A new computational method for evaluating ‘views’ on the floorplan is proposed that considers ‘view content’ (EN 17037 View Out layers), ‘view access’, the potential viewpoint-based ‘outside distance’, and can be extended to add the ‘quality of environmental information’. Further research directions and use of spatial metrics are discussed for sunlight, daylight, and view quality., QC 20230628

This paper investigates novel computational methods for Regenerative Design by developing further on the European Daylight Standard EN 17037, to make it useful at both urban and architectural scales. Case studies are evaluated for sunlight, daylight and quality views. A computational method, compliant with EN 17037, is introduced for the evaluation of sunlight. An assessment of daylight metrics, for an office building in Helsinki, with a 300 lux target, demonstrates a 12% difference between spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA; occupied hours) and Illuminance levels (EN 17037 method 2; daylight hours), 37% between sDA and Daylight Factor (EN 17037 method 1), and 25% between methods 1 and 2. A new computational method for evaluating ‘views’ on the floorplan is proposed that considers ‘view content’ (EN 17037 View Out layers), ‘view access’, the potential viewpoint-based ‘outside distance’, and can be extended to add the ‘quality of environmental information’. Further research directions and use of spatial metrics are discussed for sunlight, daylight, and view quality., QC 20230628

This paper investigates novel computational methods for Regenerative Design by developing further on the European Daylight Standard EN 17037, to make it useful at both urban and architectural scales. Case studies are evaluated for sunlight, daylight and quality views. A computational method, compliant with EN 17037, is introduced for the evaluation of sunlight. An assessment of daylight metrics, for an office building in Helsinki, with a 300 lux target, demonstrates a 12% difference between spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA; occupied hours) and Illuminance levels (EN 17037 method 2; daylight hours), 37% between sDA and Daylight Factor (EN 17037 method 1), and 25% between methods 1 and 2. A new computational method for evaluating ‘views’ on the floorplan is proposed that considers ‘view content’ (EN 17037 View Out layers), ‘view access’, the potential viewpoint-based ‘outside distance’, and can be extended to add the ‘quality of environmental information’. Further research directions and use of spatial metrics are discussed for sunlight, daylight, and view quality., QC 20230628

The aim of this paper is to examine the buyers’ perception towards life insurance policies offered by the public and the private sector organizations while focusing on some important factors viz. knowledge, information, awareness, literacy and views about life insurance policies among buyers. This paper is an attempt to investigate the overall perception of the life insurance buyers targeting pre and post buying behavior. This research study was surveyed on a variety of buyers of Indore city (Madhya Pradesh) based on various demographic factors. The research findings revealed that still people do not pay due importance to life insurance policy, they prefer other financial instruments, such as- bank deposit, mutual funds, stock market and some others. The study also found that the policies which are propagated by agents, and endorsed by organizations, have been in higher demand. The buyers treated life insurance as an investment and tax saving instrument instead of risk coverage instrument. The buyers have less knowledge, information and literacy about life insurance. The views of illiterate people were not contingent due to technical issues such as, physical absence of inquirers, language problem, pre-inquiry orientation, etc. If those were contingent to admit, the result would have been more valuable.

The aim of this paper is to examine the buyers’ perception towards life insurance policies offered by the public and the private sector organizations while focusing on some important factors viz. knowledge, information, awareness, literacy and views about life insurance policies among buyers. This paper is an attempt to investigate the overall perception of the life insurance buyers targeting pre and post buying behavior. This research study was surveyed on a variety of buyers of Indore city (Madhya Pradesh) based on various demographic factors. The research findings revealed that still people do not pay due importance to life insurance policy, they prefer other financial instruments, such as- bank deposit, mutual funds, stock market and some others. The study also found that the policies which are propagated by agents, and endorsed by organizations, have been in higher demand. The buyers treated life insurance as an investment and tax saving instrument instead of risk coverage instrument. The buyers have less knowledge, information and literacy about life insurance. The views of illiterate people were not contingent due to technical issues such as, physical absence of inquirers, language problem, pre-inquiry orientation, etc. If those were contingent to admit, the result would have been more valuable.

The aim of this paper is to examine the buyers’ perception towards life insurance policies offered by the public and the private sector organizations while focusing on some important factors viz. knowledge, information, awareness, literacy and views about life insurance policies among buyers. This paper is an attempt to investigate the overall perception of the life insurance buyers targeting pre and post buying behavior. This research study was surveyed on a variety of buyers of Indore city (Madhya Pradesh) based on various demographic factors. The research findings revealed that still people do not pay due importance to life insurance policy, they prefer other financial instruments, such as- bank deposit, mutual funds, stock market and some others. The study also found that the policies which are propagated by agents, and endorsed by organizations, have been in higher demand. The buyers treated life insurance as an investment and tax saving instrument instead of risk coverage instrument. The buyers have less knowledge, information and literacy about life insurance. The views of illiterate people were not contingent due to technical issues such as, physical absence of inquirers, language problem, pre-inquiry orientation, etc. If those were contingent to admit, the result would have been more valuable.

Background: Opioids have been used in pain management for thousands of years but are associated with many adverse effects. Today, nurses play a key role in pain management. They frequently administer opioids to patients and their views of opioids can affect their actions. Objective: Describe nurses’ views of pain management with opioids and how these views affect pain management. Design: Literature review with a systematic approach. Methods: Databases PubMed and CINAHL were searched. In total, 333 unique titles were retrieved. Ten of these met the criteria for inclusion and were analysed using content analysis. Results: Two themes were identified: Opioids are necessary and superior for severe pain and Pain management with opioids can be challenging. Within these themes, many different views among nurses were described. Nurses saw themselves as responsible for pain management and saw opioids as both necessary and superior to other analgesics. Several challenges were described by nurses, including communication with doctors and patients, as well as nurses’ fear of the risks associated with opioids. Conclusions: Nurses’ views of pain management with opioids comprise many different aspects of good pain management as well as challenges associated with pain management.

Bakgrund: Personer med psykisk ohälsa löper större risk att drabbas av somatiska sjukdomar till följd av ohälsosamma levnadsvanor. Var tredje person som besöker primärvården i Sverige lider av psykisk ohälsa. En central arbetsuppgift för distriktssköterskan är att arbeta hälsofrämjande och att stötta patienter till hälsosamma levnadsvanor. Genom ett gediget hälsofrämjande arbete inom primärvården skulle personer med psykisk ohälsa minska risken att drabbas av följdsjukdomar som exempelvis diabetes typ 2 eller hjärt-kärlsjukdom. Motiv: Distriktssköterskan inom primärvården är ofta den första kontakten en person med psykisk ohälsa möter. Att beskriva distriktssköterskors upplevelse av att stödja personer med psykisk ohälsa till hälsosamma levnadsvanor anses viktigt för att skapa en inblick i det komplexa arbete det kan innebära. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskors erfarenheter av att stödja personer med psykisk ohälsa till hälsosamma levnadsvanor. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes (n=9). Intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Deltagarnas erfarenheter mynnade ut i 3 kategorier: “Skapa en förtroendefull vårdrelation”, “Pröva olika sätt att stödja till förändring” och “Överbrygga hinder för att lyckas”. Kategorierna sammanfattades under temat “Att ta sig an en komplex utmaning” Konklusion: Resultatet visade att distriktssköterskorna upplevde detta som en komplex utmaning där vårdrelationen hade en stor inverkan för hur förändringsarbetet togs emot av patienten. Distriktssköterskorna beskrev metoder för att motivera till hälsosamma levnadsvanor och lyfter flertalet hinder, både organisatoriska och kompetensmässiga hinder till att stödja personer med psykisk ohälsa till goda levnadsvanor., Background: People with mental illness run a major risk of developing somatic diseases because of an unhealthy lifestyle. Every third person who visits primary care in Sweden suffers from mental illness. The district nurses main job task is to provide health-promoting counseling and support patients to adopt a healthy lifestyle. Through solid health-promotion work in primary care, people with mental illness would reduce the risk of developing secondary diseases such as type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease due to unhealthy lifestyle. Motive: The district nurse in primary care is often the first contact a patient with mental illness meets. Describing district nurses' experience of supporting patients with mental illness to healthy lifestyles is considered important to create an understanding and insight into the complex work it entails. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the experiences of district nurses in supporting people with mental illness to adopt a healthy lifestyle. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted (n=9). The interviews were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Results: The participants' experiences resulted in 3 categories: "Create a trusting care relationship", "Try different ways to support change" and "Overcome obstacles to success". The categories were summarized under the theme "Taking on a complex challenge” Conclusion: The result showed that the district nurses experienced this job task as a complex challenge, where the care relationship had a major impact on how the transformation was received by the patient. The district nurses described methods for motivating healthy lifestyles and highlighted several obstacles, both organizational and obstacles due to lack of competence, to supporting patients with mental illness to adopt a healthy lifestyle.

Background: Opioids have been used in pain management for thousands of years but are associated with many adverse effects. Today, nurses play a key role in pain management. They frequently administer opioids to patients and their views of opioids can affect their actions. Objective: Describe nurses’ views of pain management with opioids and how these views affect pain management. Design: Literature review with a systematic approach. Methods: Databases PubMed and CINAHL were searched. In total, 333 unique titles were retrieved. Ten of these met the criteria for inclusion and were analysed using content analysis. Results: Two themes were identified: Opioids are necessary and superior for severe pain and Pain management with opioids can be challenging. Within these themes, many different views among nurses were described. Nurses saw themselves as responsible for pain management and saw opioids as both necessary and superior to other analgesics. Several challenges were described by nurses, including communication with doctors and patients, as well as nurses’ fear of the risks associated with opioids. Conclusions: Nurses’ views of pain management with opioids comprise many different aspects of good pain management as well as challenges associated with pain management.

Bakgrund: Personer med psykisk ohälsa löper större risk att drabbas av somatiska sjukdomar till följd av ohälsosamma levnadsvanor. Var tredje person som besöker primärvården i Sverige lider av psykisk ohälsa. En central arbetsuppgift för distriktssköterskan är att arbeta hälsofrämjande och att stötta patienter till hälsosamma levnadsvanor. Genom ett gediget hälsofrämjande arbete inom primärvården skulle personer med psykisk ohälsa minska risken att drabbas av följdsjukdomar som exempelvis diabetes typ 2 eller hjärt-kärlsjukdom. Motiv: Distriktssköterskan inom primärvården är ofta den första kontakten en person med psykisk ohälsa möter. Att beskriva distriktssköterskors upplevelse av att stödja personer med psykisk ohälsa till hälsosamma levnadsvanor anses viktigt för att skapa en inblick i det komplexa arbete det kan innebära. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskors erfarenheter av att stödja personer med psykisk ohälsa till hälsosamma levnadsvanor. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes (n=9). Intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Deltagarnas erfarenheter mynnade ut i 3 kategorier: “Skapa en förtroendefull vårdrelation”, “Pröva olika sätt att stödja till förändring” och “Överbrygga hinder för att lyckas”. Kategorierna sammanfattades under temat “Att ta sig an en komplex utmaning” Konklusion: Resultatet visade att distriktssköterskorna upplevde detta som en komplex utmaning där vårdrelationen hade en stor inverkan för hur förändringsarbetet togs emot av patienten. Distriktssköterskorna beskrev metoder för att motivera till hälsosamma levnadsvanor och lyfter flertalet hinder, både organisatoriska och kompetensmässiga hinder till att stödja personer med psykisk ohälsa till goda levnadsvanor., Background: People with mental illness run a major risk of developing somatic diseases because of an unhealthy lifestyle. Every third person who visits primary care in Sweden suffers from mental illness. The district nurses main job task is to provide health-promoting counseling and support patients to adopt a healthy lifestyle. Through solid health-promotion work in primary care, people with mental illness would reduce the risk of developing secondary diseases such as type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease due to unhealthy lifestyle. Motive: The district nurse in primary care is often the first contact a patient with mental illness meets. Describing district nurses' experience of supporting patients with mental illness to healthy lifestyles is considered important to create an understanding and insight into the complex work it entails. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the experiences of district nurses in supporting people with mental illness to adopt a healthy lifestyle. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted (n=9). The interviews were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Results: The participants' experiences resulted in 3 categories: "Create a trusting care relationship", "Try different ways to support change" and "Overcome obstacles to success". The categories were summarized under the theme "Taking on a complex challenge” Conclusion: The result showed that the district nurses experienced this job task as a complex challenge, where the care relationship had a major impact on how the transformation was received by the patient. The district nurses described methods for motivating healthy lifestyles and highlighted several obstacles, both organizational and obstacles due to lack of competence, to supporting patients with mental illness to adopt a healthy lifestyle.

This article aims to explore the concept of capacity as necessitated by provisions within the UNCRC such as articles 12 and 5, which emphasize participation, and the evolving capacities of children. In family law proceedings when children are involved, age and capacity are considered in order to assess if the meaningful participation of that child is accessible. There is limited literature to indicate how the capacity of a child is determined, especially for children who are younger than twelve. Rather than relying on age to gauge capacity levels, this paper provides a unique, interdisciplinary evaluation of capacity through a combination of both legal and child development perspectives. This article aims to use a critical lens and rights-based approach to analyze the current literature regarding the capacities of children and proposes that a deeper understanding of what capacity entails is required in order to ensure the meaningful participation of children.

Bakgrund: Graviditetsrelaterad bäckengördelsmärta är vanligt förekommande bland kvinnor under och efter en graviditet. Detta påverkar kvinnorna negativt i stor utsträckning både fysiskt och psykiskt. Fysioterapi är en viktig och betydelsefull behandlingsform vid detta tillstånd, men evidensen kring fysioterapeutiska åtgärder är inte helt klarlagd och mer forskning behövs. Syfte: Studien syftade till att utforska och beskriva fysioterapeuterss upplevelser av och erfarenheter frångällandeav fysioterapeutiska åtgärder för patienter medvid graviditetsrelaterad BGS. Metod: Studien var en kvalitativ intervjustudie som baserades på sex semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Informanterna var fysioterapeuter som arbetade med kvinnor som har graviditetsrelaterad bäckengördelsmärta. Ett bekvämlighetsurval tillämpades vid rekrytering av informanter. Data analyserades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Fyra kategorier och tolv underkategorier identifierades i analysprocessen. De fyra kategorierna var: Ett givande och utmanande arbete där patientbemötandet har stor betydelse, Undersöknings-metodik varierar mellan fysioterapeuterna, Erfarenheter och upplevelser av behandlingsåtgärder varierar mellan fysioterapeuterna och Fysioterapi är ett viktigt och betydelsefullt arbetsområde med stort behov av utveckling., med sammanlagt tolv subkategorier. Konklusion: Fysioterapeuter som arbetar med graviditetsrelaterad bäckengördelsmärta är betydelsefulla och gör stor skillnad. Det framkom att det finns ett stort behov av utveckling inom området för att kunna förbättra och effektivisera vården. Vidare forskning behövs därför för att möjliggöra utveckling och fylla existerande kunskapsluckor., Background: Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain is common among women during and after pregnancy. This affects women negatively both physically and mentally. Physiotherapy is an important and significant form of treatment for this condition, but the evidence regarding physiotherapeutic interventions is not fully clarified and more research is needed. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe physiotherapist’s views on and experiences from physiotherapeutic interventions for patients with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain. Method: The study was a qualitative interview study based on six semi-structured interviews. The informants were physiotherapists who worked with women who have pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain. A convenience selection sampling was applied when recruiting informants. The data were analyzed through using a qualitative content analysis. Results: Four categories and twelve subcategories were identified in the analysis process. The four categories were: A rewarding and challenging work where the encounter with the patient is of great importance, Examination methodology varies between the physiotherapists, Physiotherapists views and experience of treatment variesvaries, and Physiotherapy is an important and significant area of work with great need of development., with a total of twelve subcategories. Conclusion: Physiotherapists who work with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain are important and make a big difference. It emerged that there is a great need for development in the area to be able to improve and make the care more effective. Further research is therefore needed to enable development and fill existing knowledge gaps.

Bakgrund: Förlossningsskador kan leda till fysiska och psykiska besvär. Det finns brister och stora variationer i förlossningsvården i Sverige. Det saknas evidensbaserade riktlinjer för fysioterapi inom området och vilka insatser som har effekt är inte helt klarlagt. Kvinnornas egna upplevelser och erfarenheter spelar stor roll i arbetet för att fylla de kunskapsluckor som finns idag. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka fem kvinnors personliga upplevelser och erfarenheter av fysioterapeutiska åtgärder efter att de drabbats av förlossningsskador grad 3–4 och på så sätt öka förståelsen för fysioterapeutiska åtgärder hos fysioterapeuter inom detta område. Metod: Studien hade en kvalitativ deskriptiv design. Deltagarna var fem kvinnor som drabbats av förlossningsskador av grad 3–4. Rekryteringen skedde via Facebook-gruppen ”Allt om förlossningsskador”. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och intervjumaterialet bearbetades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: Minskad funktion i det vardagliga livet, Brister inom förlossningsvården, Upplevelser av fysioterapeutiska åtgärder och Informanternas förslag till förbättring inom kvinnohälsa samt tio subkategorier. Konklusion: Studien visade att kvinnorna upplevde att det saknas kunskap och kompetens gällande fysioterapi vid förlossningsskador. Resultatet tyder på att de viktigaste faktorerna i mötet med dessa kvinnor är utförligt information, tydliga instruktioner och bra bemötande av patienten. Behovet av vidare forskning och nya riktlinjer gällande fysioterapi vid förlossningsskador är stort och den fysioterapeutiska grundutbildningen bör inkludera en mer omfattande del om kvinnohälsa., Background: Women with perineal tears after childbirth often suffer from physical and psychological issues. There are some varieties and deficiencies in the Swedish health care system of maternity care, and there is an absence of evidence-based guidelines in the physiotherapeutic field of maternity care. The women’s perspectives play a major role to fill the gaps of knowledge that exist today. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate views and experiences of physiotherapy from women with third- and fourth-degree perineal tears to establish a higher knowledge for physiotherapeutic methods. Method: The study was a semi-structured qualitative interview study that included five women with third- and fourth-degree perineal tears. The participants were recruited through the Facebook group “Allt om förlossningsskador”. Analyzing of the interview material was done through a qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in four categories: Reduced function in everyday life, Deficiencies in maternity care, Experiences of physiotherapeutic measures and The informants’ proposals for improvement in women’s health with ten subcategories. Conclusion: The study showed that the women felt that there is a lack of knowledge and competence regarding physiotherapy after perineal tears. The results indicate that the most important factors in the meeting with these women are detailed information, clear instructions and good treatment of the patient. Further research and new guidelines regarding physiotherapy for women with perineal tears is needed and the physiotherapeutic education should involve more about women health and rehabilitation of pelvic floor injuries.

Preventing armed conflict is key to promoting development and well-being in the Sahel. To strengthen its work to promote peace globally, the United Nations have recently stressed the importance of early action and early warning about impending conflict. This report presents the ViEWS system, a systematic, data-driven conflict early-warning system developed for Africa and the Middle East. Designed to complement expert assessments drawing on qualitative methods, the system produces estimates of the probability that armed conflict events will occur in countries and sub-national locations during each of the next 1–36 months. The report outlines the main features of the system, discusses the uncertainties involved and how well the system handles these, and presents the latest forecasts for the UNISS countries of the Sahel. The ViEWS forecasts are updated on a monthly basis and made available in full through an API, and in summarised form on the ViEWS website. The report also outlines some possible future developments and improvements of the system.

Objective Most previous studies on advance care planning (ACP) have focused on patients with specific diseases and only a few on frail ageing individuals. We therefore decided to examine the perspective of geriatric patients on ACP. Our research questions include if, when, with whom and with which content geriatric patients wish to have ACP conversations. Design Participants were interviewed either in the hospital or in their own home. The interviewer followed a semistructured interview guide. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using the systemic text condensation method. Setting Geriatric department in a regional hospital in a rural area in Region Zealand, Denmark. Participants We included 11 geriatric patients aged above 65 who had been referred for geriatric inpatient or outpatient assessment. Participants were clinically judged by experienced geriatricians to have sufficient physical and mental capacity to take part in an interview. Results This study's main finding is that geriatric patients have varying preferences and feelings towards ACP. Some expressed concerns about ACP, especially regarding personal fear to talk about end-of-life (EOL) decisions, and whether a busy healthcare system has the resources to conduct ACP. Proper timing of ACP seemed unrelated to specific age but related to perception of health situation. The health professional involved should be well trained and a person the participant could trust. Most participants wanted family members to participate. Concerning content, participants mentioned quality of life, fear of losing their spouse, earlier experience with death, and practical concerns regarding funeral and will. Conclusion Among geriatric patients, feelings towards ACP are mixed. Even participants who were generally positive towards the concept uttered concerns about the circumstances when talking about EOL topics. Health professionals therefore should approach ACP discussions with caution. Further studies aiming to develop

Background: Insufficient physical activity has become a health problem worldwide and is closely connected to the development of various diseases such as Non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This has become a national problem in Thailand as well, and during the last decade, the government have launched various campaigns in attempt to increase the physical activity level of the population. Studies around the world have shown a positive correlation between physical activity (PA) and the prevention and treatment of diseases. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about young Thai adults’ points of view and experiences of PA during their lifespan. Method: The study was a qualitative interview study based on five semi-structured interviews. The participants were young Thai adults studying or working at a computer-oriented college. When recruiting participants, both purpose and convenience sampling methods were used. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the collected data. Results: Five categories and twelve subcategories were identified during the analysis process. The five categories represented the broad focus areas and aspects of the participants’ views and experiences of PA. Conclusion: The participants had significant variations in both views and experiences regarding PA. The participants had a positive attitude towards PA due to different health outcomes. However, a lack of fundamental theoretical knowledge from their schoolyear’s regarding PA was identified. Further research is therefore needed to deeper investigate the knowledge gap and possible underlying causes. Keywords: physical activity, non-communicable diseases, Thailand, experiences, views, physiotherapy, Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Otillräcklig fysisk aktivitet (FA) har blivit ett hälsoproblem världen över och är nära kopplat till utvecklingen av olika sjukdomar, t.ex. folksjukdomar. Detta har blivit ett nationellt problem även i Thailand och under det senaste decenniet har regeringen lanserat olika kampanjer i försök att öka den fysiska aktivitetsnivån hos befolkningen. Studier runt om i världen har visat att det finns ett positivt samband mellan FA och förebyggande och behandling av sjukdomar. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att få kunskap om unga thailändska vuxnas syn på och erfarenheter av FA under deras livstid. Metod: Studien var en kvalitativ intervjustudie baserad på fem semistrukturerade intervjuer. Deltagarna var unga thailändska vuxna som studerade eller arbetade på en dataorienterad högskola. Vid rekryteringen av deltagare användes både metoder för ändamåls- och bekvämlighetsurval. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att analysera den insamlade datan. Resultat: Fem kategorier och tolv underkategorier identifierades under analysprocessen. De fem kategorierna representerade de övergripande fokusområdena och aspekterna av deltagarnas åsikter och erfarenheter av FA. Slutsats: Deltagarna hade betydande variationer i både åsikter och erfarenheter av FA. Deltagarna hade en positiv attityd till FA på grund av olika hälsorelaterade effekter, dock konstaterades det att det fanns en brist på grundläggande teoretiska kunskaper kring FA från deras skolår. Ytterligare forskning behövs därför för att djupare undersöka kunskapsluckan och eventuella bakomliggande orsaker. Nyckelord: physical activity, non-communicable diseases, Thailand, experiences, views, physiotherapy

Bakgrund: Dödshjälp är en behandling som har införts i flera länder. Det är viktigt att förstå olika modeller och definitioner för dödshjälpen samt likheter med palliativ vård, för att kunna förstå sjuksköterskors inställningar till dödshjälp. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskors inställningar till dödshjälp. Metod: Studiens metod var en litteraturöversikt som grundades på tio vetenskapliga kvalitativa och kvanitativa artiklar. Sökning av artiklar utfördes i två databaser, Cinahl Complete och PubMed. Därefter bearbetades artiklarna och analyserades enligt Fribergs fyra analys steg, vilket resulterade i tre teman. Resultat: I resultatet presenterades tre huvudteman; Positiva upplevelser och attityder till dödshjälp, Negativa upplevelser och attityder till dödshjälp samt Sjuksköterskors inställningar till patientens självbestämmande och autonomi. Sammanfattning: Resultatet i denna litteraturstudie påvisar att sjuksköterskors inställningar påverkas på positivt och negativt sätt och detta beror på olika faktorer som sjuksköterskors religiösa övertygelser, patientens autonomi och självbestämmande och lagen. Ämnet om dödshjälp är etiskt och har stor vikt för hela samhället och därför riktlinjer och regler behöver utvecklas., Background: Euthanasia is a treatment that has been introduced in several countries. It’s important to understand different models and definitions of euthanasia as well as similarities with palliative care, in order to be able to understand nurses' views to euthanasia. Aim: The purpose was to shed light on nurses' attitudes to euthanasia. Method: The study method was a literature review based on ten scientific qualitative and quantitative articles. Article search was performed in two databases, Cinahl Complete and PubMed. Then the articles were processed and analyzed based on Fribergs four steps, which resulted in three themes. Results: The results presented three main themes; Positive experiences and attitudes to euthanasia, Negative experiences and attitudes to euthanasia and Nurses' attitudes to the patient's self-determination and autonomy. Summary: The results of this literature study show that nurses’ views are affected in a positive and negative way and this is due to various factors such as nurses' religious beliefs, the patient's autonomy and self-determination and the law. The subject of euthanasia is ethical and of great importance to the whole of society, and therefore guidelines and rules need to be developed for everyone's sake.

Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med mer kunskap kring förskollärares synsätt på fysik iförskolan. För att undersöka detta har halvstrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts medfem utbildade förskollärare i olika åldrar och verksamma år inom yrket. Intervjuerna genomfördes på förskollärarnas arbetsplatser i ett enskilt rum där deltagarna inte blev störda avandra kollegor eller barn. Jag har sedan analyserat den insamlade empirin med hjälp av en fenomenografisk analysmodell för att kunna sammanställa det resultat som studien bidrag till.Resultatet av studien visar på att det finns relativt stora skillnader i hur förskollärare ser på fysik i undervisningen på förskolan. En del av de deltagande ansåg att fysik är ett svårt ämne attundervisa i och att de saknar grundläggande kunskaper i att skapa lärandesituationer kring detsamt att de känner sig osäkra på användandet av fysikaliska begrepp. Andra deltagare ansågatt fysik är ett relativt enkelt ämne och att det finns mycket möjligheter att ta vara på det i förskolans vardag. De ansåg vidare att de besitter goda kunskaper i planerandet av aktivitetersom utgår ifrån fysik och dess begrepp. Resultatet visar även på skillnader i de deltagandessvar beroende på ålder och verksamma år inom yrket. De yngre deltagarna såg mer positivt påfysik medan de äldre ansåg att det var svårt. Min huvudsakliga rekommendation för verksamheten efter denna studie är att uppmuntra förskollärare till att arbeta med fysikaliska begreppoch förklara dessa på ett begripligt sätt för barnen., The purpose of this study is to contribute with knowledge about preschool teachers' views onphysics in the preschool. To investigate this, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with five educated preschool teachers of different ages and active years in the profession. The interviews were conducted at the preschool teachers' workplaces in a private roomwhere the participants were not disturbed by other colleagues or children. I then analyzed thecollected data using a phenomenographic analysis model to be able to compile the results thatthe study contributed to.The results of the study show that there are relatively large differences in how preschoolteachers view physics in teaching and in the preschool. Some of the participants consideredphysics as a difficult subject to teach and that they lack basic knowledge in creating learningsituations around it and that they feel insecure about the use of physical concepts. The otherhalf of the participants considered physics as a relatively simple subject and that there aremany opportunities to take advantage of it in the preschool's everyday life. They further considered that they possess good knowledge in the planning of activities based on physics andits concepts. The results also show differences in the participants' responses depending on ageand active years. The younger participants viewed physics more positively, while the olderones found it difficult. My main recommendation after this study is to encourage preschoolteachers to work with physical concepts and explain these in a comprehensible way to thechildren.

Med vår litteraturöversikt ämnar vi skapa en övergripande bild över lärares resonemang kring värdegrundsarbete. Och belysa religionskunskapsämnets roll för detta arbete. Skolan ska förmedla demokratiska värden och fostra goda samhällsmedborgare. Hur och när detta ska göras framgår, för lärarna, inte lika tydligt. Det är främst i kursplanen för religionskunskapsämnet som det går att återfinna en tydlig koppling mellan det centrala innehållet, etik, och värdegrundsarbete. I denna litteraturöversikt är syftet att sammanställa och analysera forskning som är gjord om värdegrundsarbete i skolan med fokus på lärarnas resonemang och ställa detta i relation tillreligionskunskapsämnet. Frågeställningarna som vi syftar att besvara är: 1) Hur resonerar lärare kring värdegrundgrundsarbete?2) Hur resonerar religionskunskapslärare kring värdegrundsarbete i relation till ämneskompetens? Studierna från resultatet visar att lärare arbetar reaktivt och oplanerat när det kommer till värdegrundsarbete. Det framkommer även att lärarna i studierna inte gör kopplingar till vare sig teorier eller forskning utan ser till egna erfarenheter från exempelvis barndomen. Lärarna refererar inte till styrdokumenten när de resonerar kring värdegrundsarbete. Däremot framkommer det att religionskunskapslärarna i studierna från resultatet gör kopplingar till styrdokumenten. Didaktiska implikationer av resultatet är främst kopplat till behovet av mer ämneskompetens för såväl religionskunskapslärare som andra lärare för att ge samtliga lärare förutsättningarna till en professionell värdegrund.

Background: Insufficient physical activity has become a health problem worldwide and is closely connected to the development of various diseases such as Non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This has become a national problem in Thailand as well, and during the last decade, the government have launched various campaigns in attempt to increase the physical activity level of the population. Studies around the world have shown a positive correlation between physical activity (PA) and the prevention and treatment of diseases. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about young Thai adults’ points of view and experiences of PA during their lifespan. Method: The study was a qualitative interview study based on five semi-structured interviews. The participants were young Thai adults studying or working at a computer-oriented college. When recruiting participants, both purpose and convenience sampling methods were used. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the collected data. Results: Five categories and twelve subcategories were identified during the analysis process. The five categories represented the broad focus areas and aspects of the participants’ views and experiences of PA. Conclusion: The participants had significant variations in both views and experiences regarding PA. The participants had a positive attitude towards PA due to different health outcomes. However, a lack of fundamental theoretical knowledge from their schoolyear’s regarding PA was identified. Further research is therefore needed to deeper investigate the knowledge gap and possible underlying causes. Keywords: physical activity, non-communicable diseases, Thailand, experiences, views, physiotherapy, Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Otillräcklig fysisk aktivitet (FA) har blivit ett hälsoproblem världen över och är nära kopplat till utvecklingen av olika sjukdomar, t.ex. folksjukdomar. Detta har blivit ett nationellt problem även i Thailand och under det senaste decenniet har regeringen lanserat olika kampanjer i försök att öka den fysiska aktivitetsnivån hos befolkningen. Studier runt om i världen har visat att det finns ett positivt samband mellan FA och förebyggande och behandling av sjukdomar. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att få kunskap om unga thailändska vuxnas syn på och erfarenheter av FA under deras livstid. Metod: Studien var en kvalitativ intervjustudie baserad på fem semistrukturerade intervjuer. Deltagarna var unga thailändska vuxna som studerade eller arbetade på en dataorienterad högskola. Vid rekryteringen av deltagare användes både metoder för ändamåls- och bekvämlighetsurval. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att analysera den insamlade datan. Resultat: Fem kategorier och tolv underkategorier identifierades under analysprocessen. De fem kategorierna representerade de övergripande fokusområdena och aspekterna av deltagarnas åsikter och erfarenheter av FA. Slutsats: Deltagarna hade betydande variationer i både åsikter och erfarenheter av FA. Deltagarna hade en positiv attityd till FA på grund av olika hälsorelaterade effekter, dock konstaterades det att det fanns en brist på grundläggande teoretiska kunskaper kring FA från deras skolår. Ytterligare forskning behövs därför för att djupare undersöka kunskapsluckan och eventuella bakomliggande orsaker. Nyckelord: physical activity, non-communicable diseases, Thailand, experiences, views, physiotherapy

Bakgrund: Dödshjälp är en behandling som har införts i flera länder. Det är viktigt att förstå olika modeller och definitioner för dödshjälpen samt likheter med palliativ vård, för att kunna förstå sjuksköterskors inställningar till dödshjälp. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskors inställningar till dödshjälp. Metod: Studiens metod var en litteraturöversikt som grundades på tio vetenskapliga kvalitativa och kvanitativa artiklar. Sökning av artiklar utfördes i två databaser, Cinahl Complete och PubMed. Därefter bearbetades artiklarna och analyserades enligt Fribergs fyra analys steg, vilket resulterade i tre teman. Resultat: I resultatet presenterades tre huvudteman; Positiva upplevelser och attityder till dödshjälp, Negativa upplevelser och attityder till dödshjälp samt Sjuksköterskors inställningar till patientens självbestämmande och autonomi. Sammanfattning: Resultatet i denna litteraturstudie påvisar att sjuksköterskors inställningar påverkas på positivt och negativt sätt och detta beror på olika faktorer som sjuksköterskors religiösa övertygelser, patientens autonomi och självbestämmande och lagen. Ämnet om dödshjälp är etiskt och har stor vikt för hela samhället och därför riktlinjer och regler behöver utvecklas., Background: Euthanasia is a treatment that has been introduced in several countries. It’s important to understand different models and definitions of euthanasia as well as similarities with palliative care, in order to be able to understand nurses' views to euthanasia. Aim: The purpose was to shed light on nurses' attitudes to euthanasia. Method: The study method was a literature review based on ten scientific qualitative and quantitative articles. Article search was performed in two databases, Cinahl Complete and PubMed. Then the articles were processed and analyzed based on Fribergs four steps, which resulted in three themes. Results: The results presented three main themes; Positive experiences and attitudes to euthanasia, Negative experiences and attitudes to euthanasia and Nurses' attitudes to the patient's self-determination and autonomy. Summary: The results of this literature study show that nurses’ views are affected in a positive and negative way and this is due to various factors such as nurses' religious beliefs, the patient's autonomy and self-determination and the law. The subject of euthanasia is ethical and of great importance to the whole of society, and therefore guidelines and rules need to be developed for everyone's sake.

The food sector has massive consequences on the environment as it causes, among others, GHG emissions, deforestation, water scarcity and climate change. Therefore, it is essential to transform the food sector and the related diets of individuals. For transforming diets, it is necessary to understand food behaviour which is why food choices should be investigated. However, only a few broad definitions exist on how an environmentally friendly diet can be constituted without providing a blueprint. This study aims to look closer into food choices of sustainability students in order to understand their perceptions and behaviour of environmentally friendly diets. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted to examine how Sustainable Development and Rural Development and Natural Resource Management master students perceive an environmentally friendly diet and the influences on the food choices they actually say they make. This research uses the Theory of Planned Behaviour as the theoretical framework as the theory variables help explain how individuals’ dietary behaviour is influenced. The results show a broad consensus on what constitutes an environmentally friendly diet. The main difference concerns the degree of meat consumption and how meat is produced. In general, the interviewees try to eat as ecologically friendly as possible but are restricted by personal and external factors. The findings indicate the need for further research on why personal restrictions is more significant to certain individuals than others. Also, it would be interesting to compare the behaviour of sustainability students to non-sustainability students to investigate if it differs.

Background Dementia is widely considered a progressive condition associated with changes in cognitive capacities, which promotes the idea that people with dementia need to anticipate end-of-life care preferences. There is a growing body of interventions meant to support advance care planning (ACP) for people with dementia and their families. However, a deeper understanding of their experiences and expectations regarding planning the end of life is needed to inform ethically sound and person-centered ACP. This study explores how end-of-life care planning for people with dementia is experienced and perceived in practice. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of qualitative data from in-depth interviews and ethnographic fieldwork. Participants included people with dementia living in the community or in nursing homes, family caregivers, and professional caregivers. During reflective sessions, the researchers moved back and forth between their original data and overarching topics related to ACP. Both performed deductive coding to filter relevant information from their data. Ongoing discussions allowed for the fine-tuning of themes. Results End-of-life care planning for people with dementia can encompass a paradox of control. While it may foster a sense of being in control, it may also feel like relinquishing control over future situations. It raises concerns regarding responsibility, as present, former and future wishes may not align. Family caregivers are often responsible for concrete end-of-life decision-making, prompting them to weigh previous wishes against present situations. Further, people with dementia may wish to focus on the present and distance themselves from the future. Discussion Advance decisions about end-of-life care are often decontextualized and people may find it difficult to oversee their future conditions and preferences. The widely recognized purpose of ACP to exert control over end-of-life c

Preventing armed conflict is key to promoting development and well-being in the Sahel. To strengthen its work to promote peace globally, the United Nations have recently stressed the importance of early action and early warning about impending conflict. This report presents the ViEWS system, a systematic, data-driven conflict early-warning system developed for Africa and the Middle East. Designed to complement expert assessments drawing on qualitative methods, the system produces estimates of the probability that armed conflict events will occur in countries and sub-national locations during each of the next 1–36 months. The report outlines the main features of the system, discusses the uncertainties involved and how well the system handles these, and presents the latest forecasts for the UNISS countries of the Sahel. The ViEWS forecasts are updated on a monthly basis and made available in full through an API, and in summarised form on the ViEWS website. The report also outlines some possible future developments and improvements of the system.

Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med mer kunskap kring förskollärares synsätt på fysik iförskolan. För att undersöka detta har halvstrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts medfem utbildade förskollärare i olika åldrar och verksamma år inom yrket. Intervjuerna genomfördes på förskollärarnas arbetsplatser i ett enskilt rum där deltagarna inte blev störda avandra kollegor eller barn. Jag har sedan analyserat den insamlade empirin med hjälp av en fenomenografisk analysmodell för att kunna sammanställa det resultat som studien bidrag till.Resultatet av studien visar på att det finns relativt stora skillnader i hur förskollärare ser på fysik i undervisningen på förskolan. En del av de deltagande ansåg att fysik är ett svårt ämne attundervisa i och att de saknar grundläggande kunskaper i att skapa lärandesituationer kring detsamt att de känner sig osäkra på användandet av fysikaliska begrepp. Andra deltagare ansågatt fysik är ett relativt enkelt ämne och att det finns mycket möjligheter att ta vara på det i förskolans vardag. De ansåg vidare att de besitter goda kunskaper i planerandet av aktivitetersom utgår ifrån fysik och dess begrepp. Resultatet visar även på skillnader i de deltagandessvar beroende på ålder och verksamma år inom yrket. De yngre deltagarna såg mer positivt påfysik medan de äldre ansåg att det var svårt. Min huvudsakliga rekommendation för verksamheten efter denna studie är att uppmuntra förskollärare till att arbeta med fysikaliska begreppoch förklara dessa på ett begripligt sätt för barnen., The purpose of this study is to contribute with knowledge about preschool teachers' views onphysics in the preschool. To investigate this, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with five educated preschool teachers of different ages and active years in the profession. The interviews were conducted at the preschool teachers' workplaces in a private roomwhere the participants were not disturbed by other colleagues or children. I then analyzed thecollected data using a phenomenographic analysis model to be able to compile the results thatthe study contributed to.The results of the study show that there are relatively large differences in how preschoolteachers view physics in teaching and in the preschool. Some of the participants consideredphysics as a difficult subject to teach and that they lack basic knowledge in creating learningsituations around it and that they feel insecure about the use of physical concepts. The otherhalf of the participants considered physics as a relatively simple subject and that there aremany opportunities to take advantage of it in the preschool's everyday life. They further considered that they possess good knowledge in the planning of activities based on physics andits concepts. The results also show differences in the participants' responses depending on ageand active years. The younger participants viewed physics more positively, while the olderones found it difficult. My main recommendation after this study is to encourage preschoolteachers to work with physical concepts and explain these in a comprehensible way to thechildren.

Med vår litteraturöversikt ämnar vi skapa en övergripande bild över lärares resonemang kring värdegrundsarbete. Och belysa religionskunskapsämnets roll för detta arbete. Skolan ska förmedla demokratiska värden och fostra goda samhällsmedborgare. Hur och när detta ska göras framgår, för lärarna, inte lika tydligt. Det är främst i kursplanen för religionskunskapsämnet som det går att återfinna en tydlig koppling mellan det centrala innehållet, etik, och värdegrundsarbete. I denna litteraturöversikt är syftet att sammanställa och analysera forskning som är gjord om värdegrundsarbete i skolan med fokus på lärarnas resonemang och ställa detta i relation tillreligionskunskapsämnet. Frågeställningarna som vi syftar att besvara är: 1) Hur resonerar lärare kring värdegrundgrundsarbete?2) Hur resonerar religionskunskapslärare kring värdegrundsarbete i relation till ämneskompetens? Studierna från resultatet visar att lärare arbetar reaktivt och oplanerat när det kommer till värdegrundsarbete. Det framkommer även att lärarna i studierna inte gör kopplingar till vare sig teorier eller forskning utan ser till egna erfarenheter från exempelvis barndomen. Lärarna refererar inte till styrdokumenten när de resonerar kring värdegrundsarbete. Däremot framkommer det att religionskunskapslärarna i studierna från resultatet gör kopplingar till styrdokumenten. Didaktiska implikationer av resultatet är främst kopplat till behovet av mer ämneskompetens för såväl religionskunskapslärare som andra lärare för att ge samtliga lärare förutsättningarna till en professionell värdegrund.

Preventing armed conflict is key to promoting development and well-being in the Sahel. To strengthen its work to promote peace globally, the United Nations have recently stressed the importance of early action and early warning about impending conflict. This report presents the ViEWS system, a systematic, data-driven conflict early-warning system developed for Africa and the Middle East. Designed to complement expert assessments drawing on qualitative methods, the system produces estimates of the probability that armed conflict events will occur in countries and sub-national locations during each of the next 1–36 months. The report outlines the main features of the system, discusses the uncertainties involved and how well the system handles these, and presents the latest forecasts for the UNISS countries of the Sahel. The ViEWS forecasts are updated on a monthly basis and made available in full through an API, and in summarised form on the ViEWS website. The report also outlines some possible future developments and improvements of the system.

Bakgrund: Förlossningsskador kan leda till fysiska och psykiska besvär. Det finns brister och stora variationer i förlossningsvården i Sverige. Det saknas evidensbaserade riktlinjer för fysioterapi inom området och vilka insatser som har effekt är inte helt klarlagt. Kvinnornas egna upplevelser och erfarenheter spelar stor roll i arbetet för att fylla de kunskapsluckor som finns idag. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka fem kvinnors personliga upplevelser och erfarenheter av fysioterapeutiska åtgärder efter att de drabbats av förlossningsskador grad 3–4 och på så sätt öka förståelsen för fysioterapeutiska åtgärder hos fysioterapeuter inom detta område. Metod: Studien hade en kvalitativ deskriptiv design. Deltagarna var fem kvinnor som drabbats av förlossningsskador av grad 3–4. Rekryteringen skedde via Facebook-gruppen ”Allt om förlossningsskador”. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och intervjumaterialet bearbetades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: Minskad funktion i det vardagliga livet, Brister inom förlossningsvården, Upplevelser av fysioterapeutiska åtgärder och Informanternas förslag till förbättring inom kvinnohälsa samt tio subkategorier. Konklusion: Studien visade att kvinnorna upplevde att det saknas kunskap och kompetens gällande fysioterapi vid förlossningsskador. Resultatet tyder på att de viktigaste faktorerna i mötet med dessa kvinnor är utförligt information, tydliga instruktioner och bra bemötande av patienten. Behovet av vidare forskning och nya riktlinjer gällande fysioterapi vid förlossningsskador är stort och den fysioterapeutiska grundutbildningen bör inkludera en mer omfattande del om kvinnohälsa., Background: Women with perineal tears after childbirth often suffer from physical and psychological issues. There are some varieties and deficiencies in the Swedish health care system of maternity care, and there is an absence of evidence-based guidelines in the physiotherapeutic field of maternity care. The women’s perspectives play a major role to fill the gaps of knowledge that exist today. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate views and experiences of physiotherapy from women with third- and fourth-degree perineal tears to establish a higher knowledge for physiotherapeutic methods. Method: The study was a semi-structured qualitative interview study that included five women with third- and fourth-degree perineal tears. The participants were recruited through the Facebook group “Allt om förlossningsskador”. Analyzing of the interview material was done through a qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in four categories: Reduced function in everyday life, Deficiencies in maternity care, Experiences of physiotherapeutic measures and The informants’ proposals for improvement in women’s health with ten subcategories. Conclusion: The study showed that the women felt that there is a lack of knowledge and competence regarding physiotherapy after perineal tears. The results indicate that the most important factors in the meeting with these women are detailed information, clear instructions and good treatment of the patient. Further research and new guidelines regarding physiotherapy for women with perineal tears is needed and the physiotherapeutic education should involve more about women health and rehabilitation of pelvic floor injuries.

Bakgrund: Graviditetsrelaterad bäckengördelsmärta är vanligt förekommande bland kvinnor under och efter en graviditet. Detta påverkar kvinnorna negativt i stor utsträckning både fysiskt och psykiskt. Fysioterapi är en viktig och betydelsefull behandlingsform vid detta tillstånd, men evidensen kring fysioterapeutiska åtgärder är inte helt klarlagd och mer forskning behövs. Syfte: Studien syftade till att utforska och beskriva fysioterapeuterss upplevelser av och erfarenheter frångällandeav fysioterapeutiska åtgärder för patienter medvid graviditetsrelaterad BGS. Metod: Studien var en kvalitativ intervjustudie som baserades på sex semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Informanterna var fysioterapeuter som arbetade med kvinnor som har graviditetsrelaterad bäckengördelsmärta. Ett bekvämlighetsurval tillämpades vid rekrytering av informanter. Data analyserades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Fyra kategorier och tolv underkategorier identifierades i analysprocessen. De fyra kategorierna var: Ett givande och utmanande arbete där patientbemötandet har stor betydelse, Undersöknings-metodik varierar mellan fysioterapeuterna, Erfarenheter och upplevelser av behandlingsåtgärder varierar mellan fysioterapeuterna och Fysioterapi är ett viktigt och betydelsefullt arbetsområde med stort behov av utveckling., med sammanlagt tolv subkategorier. Konklusion: Fysioterapeuter som arbetar med graviditetsrelaterad bäckengördelsmärta är betydelsefulla och gör stor skillnad. Det framkom att det finns ett stort behov av utveckling inom området för att kunna förbättra och effektivisera vården. Vidare forskning behövs därför för att möjliggöra utveckling och fylla existerande kunskapsluckor., Background: Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain is common among women during and after pregnancy. This affects women negatively both physically and mentally. Physiotherapy is an important and significant form of treatment for this condition, but the evidence regarding physiotherapeutic interventions is not fully clarified and more research is needed. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe physiotherapist’s views on and experiences from physiotherapeutic interventions for patients with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain. Method: The study was a qualitative interview study based on six semi-structured interviews. The informants were physiotherapists who worked with women who have pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain. A convenience selection sampling was applied when recruiting informants. The data were analyzed through using a qualitative content analysis. Results: Four categories and twelve subcategories were identified in the analysis process. The four categories were: A rewarding and challenging work where the encounter with the patient is of great importance, Examination methodology varies between the physiotherapists, Physiotherapists views and experience of treatment variesvaries, and Physiotherapy is an important and significant area of work with great need of development., with a total of twelve subcategories. Conclusion: Physiotherapists who work with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain are important and make a big difference. It emerged that there is a great need for development in the area to be able to improve and make the care more effective. Further research is therefore needed to enable development and fill existing knowledge gaps.

The study sought to establish the views of primary school English language teachers on the integration of social media in English language instruction and was based on the following research questions: What are the teachers’ views on integrating social media in English language instruction at primary school level? What are the benefits of integrating social media in English language instruction at primary school level? What are the challenges of integrating social media in English language instruction at primary school level? Having adopted the qualitative research approach with a case study research design where a sample of five (5) private schools drawn from a population of fifteen (15) private schools was randomly selected, ten (10) teachers (two from each school) were purposively selected to take part in the study. The data were collected using a semi- structured interview guide and an observation guide. The study found that integrating social media in English language instruction was beneficial to teachers and learners as it enhanced the teachers’ instruction and in this way the learners benefitted from the instruction. Social media also ensures that learners collaborate, interact, and are actively involved as they control their own learning with minimal guidance from the teachers. The challenges of integrating social media in English language instruction were that learners use social media for purposes for which they have not been instructed. Also integrating social media in instruction is complex and requires that teachers be trained on its use.  The study recommends that The Ministry of Education should provide frequent in-service training workshops for teachers so that they can be able to appropriately integrate social media in their teaching of English Language. Disciplinary measures should be clearly stated and known by teachers, parents and the learners in order to control the abuse of social media in the classroom and at home.

The study sought to establish the views of primary school English language teachers on the integration of social media in English language instruction and was based on the following research questions: What are the teachers’ views on integrating social media in English language instruction at primary school level? What are the benefits of integrating social media in English language instruction at primary school level? What are the challenges of integrating social media in English language instruction at primary school level? Having adopted the qualitative research approach with a case study research design where a sample of five (5) private schools drawn from a population of fifteen (15) private schools was randomly selected, ten (10) teachers (two from each school) were purposively selected to take part in the study. The data were collected using a semi- structured interview guide and an observation guide. The study found that integrating social media in English language instruction was beneficial to teachers and learners as it enhanced the teachers’ instruction and in this way the learners benefitted from the instruction. Social media also ensures that learners collaborate, interact, and are actively involved as they control their own learning with minimal guidance from the teachers. The challenges of integrating social media in English language instruction were that learners use social media for purposes for which they have not been instructed. Also integrating social media in instruction is complex and requires that teachers be trained on its use.  The study recommends that The Ministry of Education should provide frequent in-service training workshops for teachers so that they can be able to appropriately integrate social media in their teaching of English Language. Disciplinary measures should be clearly stated and known by teachers, parents and the learners in order to control the abuse of social media in the classroom and at home.

When looking out of a window, natural views are usually associated with restorative qualities and are given a higher preference than urban scenes. Previous research has shown that gaze behaviour might differ based on the natural or urban content of views. A lower number of fixations has been associated with the aesthetic evaluation of natural scenes while, when looking at an urban environment, a high preference has been correlated with more exploratory gaze behaviours. To characterise gaze correlates of view preference across natural and urban scenes, we collected and analysed experimental data featuring subjective preference ratings, eye-tracking measures, verbal reasoning associated with preference and nature relatedness scores. Consistent with the literature, our results confirm that natural scenes are more preferred than urban views and that gaze behaviours depend on view type and preference. Observing natural scenes was characterised by lower numbers of fixations and saccades, and longer fixation durations, compared to urban views. However, for both view types, most preferred scenes led to more fixations and saccades. Our findings also showed that nature relatedness may be correlated with visual exploration of scenes. Individual preferences and personality attributes, therefore, should be accounted for in studies on view preference and gaze behaviour.

Objective Most previous studies on advance care planning (ACP) have focused on patients with specific diseases and only a few on frail ageing individuals. We therefore decided to examine the perspective of geriatric patients on ACP. Our research questions include if, when, with whom and with which content geriatric patients wish to have ACP conversations. Design Participants were interviewed either in the hospital or in their own home. The interviewer followed a semistructured interview guide. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using the systemic text condensation method. Setting Geriatric department in a regional hospital in a rural area in Region Zealand, Denmark. Participants We included 11 geriatric patients aged above 65 who had been referred for geriatric inpatient or outpatient assessment. Participants were clinically judged by experienced geriatricians to have sufficient physical and mental capacity to take part in an interview. Results This study's main finding is that geriatric patients have varying preferences and feelings towards ACP. Some expressed concerns about ACP, especially regarding personal fear to talk about end-of-life (EOL) decisions, and whether a busy healthcare system has the resources to conduct ACP. Proper timing of ACP seemed unrelated to specific age but related to perception of health situation. The health professional involved should be well trained and a person the participant could trust. Most participants wanted family members to participate. Concerning content, participants mentioned quality of life, fear of losing their spouse, earlier experience with death, and practical concerns regarding funeral and will. Conclusion Among geriatric patients, feelings towards ACP are mixed. Even participants who were generally positive towards the concept uttered concerns about the circumstances when talking about EOL topics. Health professionals therefore should approach ACP discussions with caution. Further studies aiming to develop