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Background: The proportion of patients with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma that do not receive systemic anticancer treatment and the reasons for lack of treatment are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and overall survival of this patient group and reasons for omission of treatment. Material and methods: This retrospective, single-center cohort study from Rigshospitalet, Denmark included patients diagnosed with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma during the study period from 1 January 2010 to 31 March 2016 who did not receive systemic anticancer treatment. Patients were identified through the Danish Pathology Register and the electronic medical records. Results: 100 patients were included, representing 34% of all patients diagnosed with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma at Rigshospitalet during the study period. Lack of treatment was most often due to poor physical condition (59%), decreased renal function (15%), or patient preferences (14%). Median overall survival was 1.9 months (95% CI: 1.6–2.8 months). Conclusion: One in three patients diagnosed with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in the pre-immunotherapy era did not receive systemic anticancer treatment. Prompt identification of advanced disease and interventions to optimize these patients for treatment are essential. Our findings underscore the compelling need for novel, better tolerated treatment regimens in this frail patient group.

BackgroundThe current landscape and treatment patterns of disease-modifying therapy (DMT) use in pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are not yet well understood. This study examined DMT utilization and treatment patterns in pediatric patients newly diagnosed as having MS.MethodsPediatric patients (<18 years old) with two MS diagnosis claims from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2016, were identified from the MarketScan Commercial Database. The index date was defined as the date of first MS diagnosis, and patients were followed up for 1 year post-index date. Outcomes evaluated included percentage of patients who initiated treatment after MS diagnosis, different DMTs initiated, treatment discontinuation, and switching treatment during follow-up.ResultsOf 182,057 patients newly diagnosed as having MS, 288 pediatric patients (mean age, 14 years; 61% female) were identified. Within the first year of diagnosis, 188 patients (65.3%) did not receive any DMT. The most common first-initiated treatments were interferons and glatiramer acetate (83%), but 28% of patients switched or discontinued from first-initiated treatment within 6 months of treatment initiation.ConclusionsThis study suggests that a considerable proportion of pediatric patients with MS remain untreated within 1 year of diagnosis. Patients most commonly initiated injectables as their first DMT. Overall, therapy failed early in approximately one in three patients. Thus, the study warrants urgency in treating these patients with currently approved treatment options.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by variants in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene and it is characterized by excessively high levels of phenylalanine in body fluids. PKU is a paradigm for a genetic disease that can be treated and majority of developed countries have a population-based newborn screening. Thus, the combination of early diagnosis and immediate initiation of treatment has resulted in normal intelligence for treated PKU patients. Although PKU is a monogenic disease, decades of research and clinical practice have shown that the correlation between the genotype and corresponding phenotype is not simple at all. Attempts have been made to discover modifier genes for PKU cognitive phenotype but without any success so far. We conducted whole genome sequencing of 4 subjects from unrelated non-consanguineous families who presented with pathogenic mutations in the PAH gene, high blood phenylalanine concentrations and near-normal cognitive development despite no treatment. We used cross sample analysis to select genes common for more than one patient. Thus, the SHANK gene family emerged as the only relevant gene family with variants detected in 3 of 4 analyzed patients. We detected two novel variants, p.Pro1591Ala in SHANK1 and p.Asp18Asn in SHANK2, as well as SHANK2:p.Gly46Ser, SHANK2:p.Pro1388_Phe1389insLeuPro and SHANK3:p.Pro1716Thr variants that were previously described. Computational analysis indicated that the identified variants do not abolish the function of SHANK proteins. However, changes in posttranslational modifications of SHANK proteins could influence functioning of the glutamatergic synapses, cytoskeleton regulation and contribute to maintaining optimal synaptic density and number of dendritic spines. Our findings are linking SHANK gene family and brain plasticity in PKU for the first time. We hypothesize that variant SHANK proteins maintain optimal synaptic density and number of dendritic spines under high conc

Objective; The aim of this study was to investigate whether women, who reported “symptoms of depression” during pregnancy and up to 1.5 years postpartum, who reported domestic violence or not, were treated with antidepressant medication. Material and Methods; A prospective longitudinal cohort study recruited primi- and multiparous women (n=1939). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire, and a questionnaire about medication during pregnancy were distributed and administered three times, during early, late pregnancy and during the postpartum period. Antidepressant medication was compared between women with EPDS scores < 13 and scores EPDS ≥ 13 as the optimal cut-off for lower and higher symptoms of depression. Results; EPDS scores > 13 were detected in 10.1 % of the women during the whole pregnancy, of those 6.2 % had depressive symptoms already in early pregnancy and 10.0 % during the postpartum period. Women with EPDS scores ≥ 13 and non-exposure to domestic violence were more often non-medicated (p < 0.001). None of the women with EPDS scores ≥ 13 exposed to domestic violence had received any antidepressant medication, albeit the relationship was statistically non-significant. Conclusion; Pregnant women who experienced themselves as having several depressive symptoms, social vulnerability and even a history of domestic violence, did not receive any antidepressant treatment during pregnancy nor postpartum. This study shows the importance of detecting depressive symptoms already during early pregnancy and a need for standardized screening methods.

Objective; The aim of this study was to investigate whether women, who reported “symptoms of depression” during pregnancy and up to 1.5 years postpartum, who reported domestic violence or not, were treated with antidepressant medication. Material and Methods; A prospective longitudinal cohort study recruited primi- and multiparous women (n=1939). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire, and a questionnaire about medication during pregnancy were distributed and administered three times, during early, late pregnancy and during the postpartum period. Antidepressant medication was compared between women with EPDS scores < 13 and scores EPDS ≥ 13 as the optimal cut-off for lower and higher symptoms of depression. Results; EPDS scores > 13 were detected in 10.1 % of the women during the whole pregnancy, of those 6.2 % had depressive symptoms already in early pregnancy and 10.0 % during the postpartum period. Women with EPDS scores ≥ 13 and non-exposure to domestic violence were more often non-medicated (p < 0.001). None of the women with EPDS scores ≥ 13 exposed to domestic violence had received any antidepressant medication, albeit the relationship was statistically non-significant. Conclusion; Pregnant women who experienced themselves as having several depressive symptoms, social vulnerability and even a history of domestic violence, did not receive any antidepressant treatment during pregnancy nor postpartum. This study shows the importance of detecting depressive symptoms already during early pregnancy and a need for standardized screening methods.

Objective; The aim of this study was to investigate whether women, who reported “symptoms of depression” during pregnancy and up to 1.5 years postpartum, who reported domestic violence or not, were treated with antidepressant medication. Material and Methods; A prospective longitudinal cohort study recruited primi- and multiparous women (n=1939). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire, and a questionnaire about medication during pregnancy were distributed and administered three times, during early, late pregnancy and during the postpartum period. Antidepressant medication was compared between women with EPDS scores < 13 and scores EPDS ≥ 13 as the optimal cut-off for lower and higher symptoms of depression. Results; EPDS scores > 13 were detected in 10.1 % of the women during the whole pregnancy, of those 6.2 % had depressive symptoms already in early pregnancy and 10.0 % during the postpartum period. Women with EPDS scores ≥ 13 and non-exposure to domestic violence were more often non-medicated (p < 0.001). None of the women with EPDS scores ≥ 13 exposed to domestic violence had received any antidepressant medication, albeit the relationship was statistically non-significant. Conclusion; Pregnant women who experienced themselves as having several depressive symptoms, social vulnerability and even a history of domestic violence, did not receive any antidepressant treatment during pregnancy nor postpartum. This study shows the importance of detecting depressive symptoms already during early pregnancy and a need for standardized screening methods.

Objective; The aim of this study was to investigate whether women, who reported “symptoms of depression” during pregnancy and up to 1.5 years postpartum, who reported domestic violence or not, were treated with antidepressant medication. Material and Methods; A prospective longitudinal cohort study recruited primi- and multiparous women (n=1939). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire, and a questionnaire about medication during pregnancy were distributed and administered three times, during early, late pregnancy and during the postpartum period. Antidepressant medication was compared between women with EPDS scores < 13 and scores EPDS ≥ 13 as the optimal cut-off for lower and higher symptoms of depression. Results; EPDS scores > 13 were detected in 10.1 % of the women during the whole pregnancy, of those 6.2 % had depressive symptoms already in early pregnancy and 10.0 % during the postpartum period. Women with EPDS scores ≥ 13 and non-exposure to domestic violence were more often non-medicated (p < 0.001). None of the women with EPDS scores ≥ 13 exposed to domestic violence had received any antidepressant medication, albeit the relationship was statistically non-significant. Conclusion; Pregnant women who experienced themselves as having several depressive symptoms, social vulnerability and even a history of domestic violence, did not receive any antidepressant treatment during pregnancy nor postpartum. This study shows the importance of detecting depressive symptoms already during early pregnancy and a need for standardized screening methods.

Objective; The aim of this study was to investigate whether women, who reported “symptoms of depression” during pregnancy and up to 1.5 years postpartum, who reported domestic violence or not, were treated with antidepressant medication. Material and Methods; A prospective longitudinal cohort study recruited primi- and multiparous women (n=1939). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire, and a questionnaire about medication during pregnancy were distributed and administered three times, during early, late pregnancy and during the postpartum period. Antidepressant medication was compared between women with EPDS scores < 13 and scores EPDS ≥ 13 as the optimal cut-off for lower and higher symptoms of depression. Results; EPDS scores > 13 were detected in 10.1 % of the women during the whole pregnancy, of those 6.2 % had depressive symptoms already in early pregnancy and 10.0 % during the postpartum period. Women with EPDS scores ≥ 13 and non-exposure to domestic violence were more often non-medicated (p < 0.001). None of the women with EPDS scores ≥ 13 exposed to domestic violence had received any antidepressant medication, albeit the relationship was statistically non-significant. Conclusion; Pregnant women who experienced themselves as having several depressive symptoms, social vulnerability and even a history of domestic violence, did not receive any antidepressant treatment during pregnancy nor postpartum. This study shows the importance of detecting depressive symptoms already during early pregnancy and a need for standardized screening methods.

Objective; The aim of this study was to investigate whether women, who reported “symptoms of depression” during pregnancy and up to 1.5 years postpartum, who reported domestic violence or not, were treated with antidepressant medication. Material and Methods; A prospective longitudinal cohort study recruited primi- and multiparous women (n=1939). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire, and a questionnaire about medication during pregnancy were distributed and administered three times, during early, late pregnancy and during the postpartum period. Antidepressant medication was compared between women with EPDS scores < 13 and scores EPDS ≥ 13 as the optimal cut-off for lower and higher symptoms of depression. Results; EPDS scores > 13 were detected in 10.1 % of the women during the whole pregnancy, of those 6.2 % had depressive symptoms already in early pregnancy and 10.0 % during the postpartum period. Women with EPDS scores ≥ 13 and non-exposure to domestic violence were more often non-medicated (p < 0.001). None of the women with EPDS scores ≥ 13 exposed to domestic violence had received any antidepressant medication, albeit the relationship was statistically non-significant. Conclusion; Pregnant women who experienced themselves as having several depressive symptoms, social vulnerability and even a history of domestic violence, did not receive any antidepressant treatment during pregnancy nor postpartum. This study shows the importance of detecting depressive symptoms already during early pregnancy and a need for standardized screening methods.

Objective; The aim of this study was to investigate whether women, who reported “symptoms of depression” during pregnancy and up to 1.5 years postpartum, who reported domestic violence or not, were treated with antidepressant medication. Material and Methods; A prospective longitudinal cohort study recruited primi- and multiparous women (n=1939). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire, and a questionnaire about medication during pregnancy were distributed and administered three times, during early, late pregnancy and during the postpartum period. Antidepressant medication was compared between women with EPDS scores < 13 and scores EPDS ≥ 13 as the optimal cut-off for lower and higher symptoms of depression. Results; EPDS scores > 13 were detected in 10.1 % of the women during the whole pregnancy, of those 6.2 % had depressive symptoms already in early pregnancy and 10.0 % during the postpartum period. Women with EPDS scores ≥ 13 and non-exposure to domestic violence were more often non-medicated (p < 0.001). None of the women with EPDS scores ≥ 13 exposed to domestic violence had received any antidepressant medication, albeit the relationship was statistically non-significant. Conclusion; Pregnant women who experienced themselves as having several depressive symptoms, social vulnerability and even a history of domestic violence, did not receive any antidepressant treatment during pregnancy nor postpartum. This study shows the importance of detecting depressive symptoms already during early pregnancy and a need for standardized screening methods.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) management is aimed at preventing neurocognitive and psychosocial dysfunction by keeping plasma phenylalanine concentrations within the recommended target range. It can be questioned, however, whether universal plasma phenylalanine target levels would result in optimal neurocognitive outcomes for all patients, as similar plasma phenylalanine concentrations do not seem to have the same consequences to the brain for each PKU individual. To better understand the inter-individual differences in brain vulnerability to high plasma phenylalanine concentrations, we aimed to identify untreated and/or late-diagnosed PKU patients with near-normal outcome, despite high plasma phenylalanine concentrations, who are still alive. In total, we identified 16 such cases. While intellectual functioning in these patients was relatively unaffected, they often did present other neurological, psychological, and behavioral problems. Thereby, these "unusual" PKU patients show that the classical symptomatology of untreated or late-treated PKU may have to be rewritten. Moreover, these cases show that a lack of intellectual dysfunction despite high plasma phenylalanine concentrations does not necessarily imply that these high phenylalanine concentrations have not been toxic to the brain. Also, these cases may suggest that different mechanisms are involved in PKU pathophysiology, of which the relative importance seems to differ between patients and possibly also with increasing age. Further research should aim to better distinguish PKU patients with respect to their cerebral effects to high plasma phenylalanine concentrations.

Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is often considered as the classical example of a genetic disorder in which severe symptoms can nowadays successfully be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment. In contrast, untreated or late-treated PKU is known to result in severe intellectual disability, seizures, and behavioral disturbances. Rarely, however, untreated or late-diagnosed PKU patients with high plasma phenylalanine concentrations have been reported to escape from intellectual disability. The present study aimed to review published cases of such PKU patients. Methods: To this purpose, we conducted a literature search in PubMed and EMBASE up to 8th of September 2017 to identify cases with 1) PKU diagnosis and start of treatment after 7 years of age; 2) untreated plasma phenylalanine concentrations gt = 1200 mu mol/l; and 3) IQ gt = 80. Literature search, checking reference lists, selection of articles, and extraction of data were performed by two independent researchers. Results: In total, we identified 59 published cases of patients with late-diagnosed PKU and unexpected favorable outcome who met the inclusion criteria. Although all investigated patients had intellectual functioning within the normal range, at least 19 showed other neurological, psychological, and/or behavioral symptoms. Conclusions: Based on the present findings, the classical symptomatology of untreated or late-treated PKU may need to be rewritten, not only in the sense that intellectual dysfunction is not obligatory, but also in the sense that intellectual functioning does not (re) present the full picture of brain damage due to high plasma phenylalanine concentrations. Further identification of such patients and additional analyses are necessary to better understand these differences between PKU patients.

IntroductionVariation in treatment and survival outcomes for NSCLC is high among patients with stage III or IV disease, but patients with untreated NSCLC have not been critically analyzed to evaluate for improvable outcomes. We evaluated treatment trends and their association with oncologic outcomes for NSCLC, hypothesizing that there are a substantial number of untreated patients who are similar to patients who undergo treatment.MethodsLinear regression was used to calculate trends in utilization of treatment. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression modeling were used to determine predictors of receiving treatment. Propensity matching was used to compare survival among subsets of treated versus untreated patients.ResultsPatients with primary NSCLC were identified from the National Cancer Data base from 1998 to 2012, and 21% of patients (190,539) received no treatment. For stage IIIA and IV, the proportion of untreated patients increased over the study period by 0.21% and 0.4%, respectively (p = 0.003 and p < 0.0001). Regardless of stage, untreated patients had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) (p < 0.0001). Propensity-matched analyses of 6144 stage IIIA patient pairs treated with chemoradiation versus no treatment confirmed shorter OS for untreated patients (median 16.5 versus 6.1 months, p < 0.0001). For 19,046 stage IV patient pairs treated with chemotherapy versus no treatment, similar results were obtained (median OS 9.3 versus 2.0 months, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe proportion of untreated patients with stage IIIA and IV disease is increasing. Survival outcomes among patients with advanced-stage disease are superior with treatment, independent of selection bias. The benefits and risks of treatment should be carefully assessed before choosing to forego treatment.

IntroductionVariation in treatment and survival outcomes for NSCLC is high among patients with stage III or IV disease, but patients with untreated NSCLC have not been critically analyzed to evaluate for improvable outcomes. We evaluated treatment trends and their association with oncologic outcomes for NSCLC, hypothesizing that there are a substantial number of untreated patients who are similar to patients who undergo treatment.MethodsLinear regression was used to calculate trends in utilization of treatment. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression modeling were used to determine predictors of receiving treatment. Propensity matching was used to compare survival among subsets of treated versus untreated patients.ResultsPatients with primary NSCLC were identified from the National Cancer Data base from 1998 to 2012, and 21% of patients (190,539) received no treatment. For stage IIIA and IV, the proportion of untreated patients increased over the study period by 0.21% and 0.4%, respectively (p = 0.003 and p < 0.0001). Regardless of stage, untreated patients had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) (p < 0.0001). Propensity-matched analyses of 6144 stage IIIA patient pairs treated with chemoradiation versus no treatment confirmed shorter OS for untreated patients (median 16.5 versus 6.1 months, p < 0.0001). For 19,046 stage IV patient pairs treated with chemotherapy versus no treatment, similar results were obtained (median OS 9.3 versus 2.0 months, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe proportion of untreated patients with stage IIIA and IV disease is increasing. Survival outcomes among patients with advanced-stage disease are superior with treatment, independent of selection bias. The benefits and risks of treatment should be carefully assessed before choosing to forego treatment.

When left untreated, psoriasis and rosacea can have long-term health and psychosocial implications. The purpose of this study was to estimate the percentage of Americans with psoriasis or rosacea who are not being treated. Patient data from a large claims-based database were analyzed to identify the number of patients who are treated for psoriasis or rosacea. The numbers of patients treated were compared to the estimated prevalences of these diseases in the general population, identified from previously published sources. Of the 18,632,362 patients in the database, 140,439 (0.75%) were seen for psoriasis and 165,130 (0.89%) were seen for rosacea. Based on published sources, 3.2% of Americans have psoriasis and about 5.0% have rosacea. We therefore estimated that 77% of people with psoriasis and 82% of people with rosacea are untreated. Greater awareness, resources, and community outreach projects are potential tools that could eliminate this disparity and increase the quality of life for patients with these diseases.

When left untreated, psoriasis and rosacea can have long-term health and psychosocial implications. The purpose of this study was to estimate the percentage of Americans with psoriasis or rosacea who are not being treated. Patient data from a large claims-based database were analyzed to identify the number of patients who are treated for psoriasis or rosacea. The numbers of patients treated were compared to the estimated prevalences of these diseases in the general population, identified from previously published sources. Of the 18,632,362 patients in the database, 140,439 (0.75%) were seen for psoriasis and 165,130 (0.89%) were seen for rosacea. Based on published sources, 3.2% of Americans have psoriasis and about 5.0% have rosacea. We therefore estimated that 77% of people with psoriasis and 82% of people with rosacea are untreated. Greater awareness, resources, and community outreach projects are potential tools that could eliminate this disparity and increase the quality of life for patients with these diseases.

Feral pigs are introduced predators to Australia and New Guinea. Predation by feral pigs on eggs and hatchlings of nationally protected sea turtles and other wildlife can cause significant mortality.

Feral pigs are introduced predators to Australia and New Guinea. Predation by feral pigs on eggs and hatchlings of nationally protected sea turtles and other wildlife can cause significant mortality.

Feral pigs are introduced predators to Australia and New Guinea. Predation by feral pigs on eggs and hatchlings of nationally protected sea turtles and other wildlife can cause significant mortality.

Two varieties of grapes, white grape and red grape grown in the Campania region of Italy were selected for the study of drying characteristics, moisture diffusion, quality changes (colour) and shrinkage behaviour. Comparisons were made with treated and untreated grapes under constant drying condition of 50o C in a conventional drying system. This temperature was selected to represent farm drying conditions. Grapes were purchased from a local market from the same supplier to maintain the same size of grapes and same properties. An abrasive physical treatment was used as pretreatment. The drying curves were constructed and drying kinetics was calculated using several commonly available models. It was found that treated samples shows better drying characteristics than untreated samples. The objective of this study is to obtain drying kinetics which can be used to optimize the drying operations in grape drying.

Two varieties of grapes, white grape and red grape grown in the Campania region of Italy were selected for the study of drying characteristics, moisture diffusion, quality changes (colour) and shrinkage behaviour. Comparisons were made with treated and untreated grapes under constant drying condition of 50o C in a conventional drying system. This temperature was selected to represent farm drying conditions. Grapes were purchased from a local market from the same supplier to maintain the same size of grapes and same properties. An abrasive physical treatment was used as pretreatment. The drying curves were constructed and drying kinetics was calculated using several commonly available models. It was found that treated samples shows better drying characteristics than untreated samples. The objective of this study is to obtain drying kinetics which can be used to optimize the drying operations in grape drying.

Untreated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) samples were exposed above ground in a durability test for six years. The samples consisted of three pieces of wood, 22x95x500 mm, screwed together; two pieces lengthwise with a third piece overlapping. Weight was measured, to calculate moisture content (MC), and samples checked regularly for cracks and fungal growth. Parameters investigated were heartwood/sapwood (pine), annual ring orientation (spruce), stand site, annual ring width and density. Stand site, annual ring width or density had no influence on MC or fungal growth for neither pine nor spruce. Spruce samples with vertical annual rings had lesser amounts of cracks than samples with horizontal annual rings. Regarding pine sapwood samples, they showed high MC and large amount of rot fungi, while heartwood had lower MC and no rot. Most spruce samples were similar to pine heartwood, except from a few samples that had high MC and fungal growth. Those were all sawn from the outer part of the log. Therefore, it can be stated that spruce sawn from the inner part has almost the same properties as pine heartwood while spruce from the outer part of the log has properties similar to pine sapwood.

This exploratory study examines whether the attitudes towards change and treatment of untreated non-abstinent substance abusers differ from those of patients undergoing treatment in residential care. The sample (n=97) consists of untreated, voluntarily and compulsorily treated substance abusers who completed a questionnaire in 2003. Attitudes were measured with scales on e.g. problem recognition, desire for help, treatment readiness and aspects of time perspectives, e.g. past, present and future orientation. The attitudes of the three groups -- untreated, voluntarily and compulsorily treated subjects -- differed with respect to lifestyle change. Factor analysis of the measures revealed one component of primary interest, general willingness to change. Results show that willingness to change was correlated with other attitudinal characteristics in the three groups. The stability of substance abusers’ motivation is discussed with the focus on different social contexts’ influence on change-compliant attitudes and behaviour.

The purpose of this final implementation document is to outline the basis and plan for decontamination, dismantlement, and disposal of structures, piping, and equipment at the hydrazine blending and storage facility. The report is divided into the following sections: Introduction - history of the facility, summary of the scope of work, primary objectives of the IRA; Sites inventory- tanks, piping, buildings, asbestos, debris, drums; Plan of action - transfer of untreated wastewater, decontamination, demolition, Transport, and disposal

Hlavní cíl disertační práce byl zaměřen na tepelně-vlhkostní simulace kritického detailu dvou realizovaných montovaných dřevostaveb – zejména napojení obvodové stěny na monolitický základ. Tyto vybrané budovy mají zcela odlišné složení vnějších stěn a tím i rozdílný potenciál vysychání konstrukční a zabudované vlhkosti dřeva. Praktická měření hmotnostní vlhkosti dřeva byla aplikována na hlavní základový trám, který je v přímém kontaktu s konstrukcí betonové desky, respektive s hydroizolační vrstvou. Byl zkoumán vliv odlišných konstrukčních řešení na tepelně-vlhkostní charakteristiky tohoto trámu, s ohledem na rizika růstu plísní a hmotnostní ztrátou dřeva v důsledku růstu hub s cílem odhadnout trvanlivost takto provedených detailů. Následná část výzkumu byla zaměřena na porovnání rozdílů ve fyzikálních a mechanických vlastnostech přírodního (neimpregnovaného, ozn. A, (-)) smrkového dřeva a dřeva impregnovaného metodou superkritického CO2 (ozn. B, (+)). Vzorky impregnovaného a neimpregnovaného identického smrkového dřeva byly shromážděny v laboratoři a podrobeny tepelně-vlhkostním experimentům. Z těchto experimentů byly získány potřebné údaje pro numerické simulace. V závěru práce jsou shrnuty poznatky z provedených experimentů. Analýza růstu plísní a jejich vlivu na trvanlivost dřevěných konstrukcí nabízí pohled na chování jednotlivých konstrukčních řešení dřevostaveb a nastiňuje praktická doporučení pro budoucí praxi., The main aim of the thesis was focused on hygrothermal simulation of critical details of two prefabricated wooden buildings - especially connections of the perimeter wall to monolithic foundations, respectively with waterproofing layer. The composition of the external walls of these selected buildings has quite different compositions and thus different potentials of drying integrated moisture from the components. Practical measurement of moisture weight-content was applied to the wooden bottom plate, which is in direct contact with the concrete slab structures. The influence of different design solutions on hygrothermal characteristics of the wooden plate was examined with regards to the risk of mould growth, analysis of mass loss due to the decay fungi and with the aim to estimate the durability of the studied details of prefabricated wooden houses. The subsequent research focused on the differences in physical and mechanical properties of natural spruce wood (Untreated, (-), A) and impregnated spruce (Treated, (+), B) using supercritical CO2 and its possible impact on wood protection for mould growth. Samples of identical Untreated and Treated spruce were collected in the laboratory and subjected to thermal and hygrothermal experiments. The comparison of the resulting values of the individual experiments is presented. Required values needed for numerical calculations were obtained from these experiments. In conclusion, the summary of founded comparison is presented. The mould growth analysis and its influence on the durability of wooden structures offer a view of the behaviour of the structures. Relevant findings and recommendations for the future praxis are mentioned.

Hlavní cíl disertační práce byl zaměřen na tepelně-vlhkostní simulace kritického detailu dvou realizovaných montovaných dřevostaveb – zejména napojení obvodové stěny na monolitický základ. Tyto vybrané budovy mají zcela odlišné složení vnějších stěn a tím i rozdílný potenciál vysychání konstrukční a zabudované vlhkosti dřeva. Praktická měření hmotnostní vlhkosti dřeva byla aplikována na hlavní základový trám, který je v přímém kontaktu s konstrukcí betonové desky, respektive s hydroizolační vrstvou. Byl zkoumán vliv odlišných konstrukčních řešení na tepelně-vlhkostní charakteristiky tohoto trámu, s ohledem na rizika růstu plísní a hmotnostní ztrátou dřeva v důsledku růstu hub s cílem odhadnout trvanlivost takto provedených detailů. Následná část výzkumu byla zaměřena na porovnání rozdílů ve fyzikálních a mechanických vlastnostech přírodního (neimpregnovaného, ozn. A, (-)) smrkového dřeva a dřeva impregnovaného metodou superkritického CO2 (ozn. B, (+)). Vzorky impregnovaného a neimpregnovaného identického smrkového dřeva byly shromážděny v laboratoři a podrobeny tepelně-vlhkostním experimentům. Z těchto experimentů byly získány potřebné údaje pro numerické simulace. V závěru práce jsou shrnuty poznatky z provedených experimentů. Analýza růstu plísní a jejich vlivu na trvanlivost dřevěných konstrukcí nabízí pohled na chování jednotlivých konstrukčních řešení dřevostaveb a nastiňuje praktická doporučení pro budoucí praxi., The main aim of the thesis was focused on hygrothermal simulation of critical details of two prefabricated wooden buildings - especially connections of the perimeter wall to monolithic foundations, respectively with waterproofing layer. The composition of the external walls of these selected buildings has quite different compositions and thus different potentials of drying integrated moisture from the components. Practical measurement of moisture weight-content was applied to the wooden bottom plate, which is in direct contact with the concrete slab structures. The influence of different design solutions on hygrothermal characteristics of the wooden plate was examined with regards to the risk of mould growth, analysis of mass loss due to the decay fungi and with the aim to estimate the durability of the studied details of prefabricated wooden houses. The subsequent research focused on the differences in physical and mechanical properties of natural spruce wood (Untreated, (-), A) and impregnated spruce (Treated, (+), B) using supercritical CO2 and its possible impact on wood protection for mould growth. Samples of identical Untreated and Treated spruce were collected in the laboratory and subjected to thermal and hygrothermal experiments. The comparison of the resulting values of the individual experiments is presented. Required values needed for numerical calculations were obtained from these experiments. In conclusion, the summary of founded comparison is presented. The mould growth analysis and its influence on the durability of wooden structures offer a view of the behaviour of the structures. Relevant findings and recommendations for the future praxis are mentioned.

Hlavní cíl disertační práce byl zaměřen na tepelně-vlhkostní simulace kritického detailu dvou realizovaných montovaných dřevostaveb – zejména napojení obvodové stěny na monolitický základ. Tyto vybrané budovy mají zcela odlišné složení vnějších stěn a tím i rozdílný potenciál vysychání konstrukční a zabudované vlhkosti dřeva. Praktická měření hmotnostní vlhkosti dřeva byla aplikována na hlavní základový trám, který je v přímém kontaktu s konstrukcí betonové desky, respektive s hydroizolační vrstvou. Byl zkoumán vliv odlišných konstrukčních řešení na tepelně-vlhkostní charakteristiky tohoto trámu, s ohledem na rizika růstu plísní a hmotnostní ztrátou dřeva v důsledku růstu hub s cílem odhadnout trvanlivost takto provedených detailů. Následná část výzkumu byla zaměřena na porovnání rozdílů ve fyzikálních a mechanických vlastnostech přírodního (neimpregnovaného, ozn. A, (-)) smrkového dřeva a dřeva impregnovaného metodou superkritického CO2 (ozn. B, (+)). Vzorky impregnovaného a neimpregnovaného identického smrkového dřeva byly shromážděny v laboratoři a podrobeny tepelně-vlhkostním experimentům. Z těchto experimentů byly získány potřebné údaje pro numerické simulace. V závěru práce jsou shrnuty poznatky z provedených experimentů. Analýza růstu plísní a jejich vlivu na trvanlivost dřevěných konstrukcí nabízí pohled na chování jednotlivých konstrukčních řešení dřevostaveb a nastiňuje praktická doporučení pro budoucí praxi., The main aim of the thesis was focused on hygrothermal simulation of critical details of two prefabricated wooden buildings - especially connections of the perimeter wall to monolithic foundations, respectively with waterproofing layer. The composition of the external walls of these selected buildings has quite different compositions and thus different potentials of drying integrated moisture from the components. Practical measurement of moisture weight-content was applied to the wooden bottom plate, which is in direct contact with the concrete slab structures. The influence of different design solutions on hygrothermal characteristics of the wooden plate was examined with regards to the risk of mould growth, analysis of mass loss due to the decay fungi and with the aim to estimate the durability of the studied details of prefabricated wooden houses. The subsequent research focused on the differences in physical and mechanical properties of natural spruce wood (Untreated, (-), A) and impregnated spruce (Treated, (+), B) using supercritical CO2 and its possible impact on wood protection for mould growth. Samples of identical Untreated and Treated spruce were collected in the laboratory and subjected to thermal and hygrothermal experiments. The comparison of the resulting values of the individual experiments is presented. Required values needed for numerical calculations were obtained from these experiments. In conclusion, the summary of founded comparison is presented. The mould growth analysis and its influence on the durability of wooden structures offer a view of the behaviour of the structures. Relevant findings and recommendations for the future praxis are mentioned.

Hlavní cíl disertační práce byl zaměřen na tepelně-vlhkostní simulace kritického detailu dvou realizovaných montovaných dřevostaveb – zejména napojení obvodové stěny na monolitický základ. Tyto vybrané budovy mají zcela odlišné složení vnějších stěn a tím i rozdílný potenciál vysychání konstrukční a zabudované vlhkosti dřeva. Praktická měření hmotnostní vlhkosti dřeva byla aplikována na hlavní základový trám, který je v přímém kontaktu s konstrukcí betonové desky, respektive s hydroizolační vrstvou. Byl zkoumán vliv odlišných konstrukčních řešení na tepelně-vlhkostní charakteristiky tohoto trámu, s ohledem na rizika růstu plísní a hmotnostní ztrátou dřeva v důsledku růstu hub s cílem odhadnout trvanlivost takto provedených detailů. Následná část výzkumu byla zaměřena na porovnání rozdílů ve fyzikálních a mechanických vlastnostech přírodního (neimpregnovaného, ozn. A, (-)) smrkového dřeva a dřeva impregnovaného metodou superkritického CO2 (ozn. B, (+)). Vzorky impregnovaného a neimpregnovaného identického smrkového dřeva byly shromážděny v laboratoři a podrobeny tepelně-vlhkostním experimentům. Z těchto experimentů byly získány potřebné údaje pro numerické simulace. V závěru práce jsou shrnuty poznatky z provedených experimentů. Analýza růstu plísní a jejich vlivu na trvanlivost dřevěných konstrukcí nabízí pohled na chování jednotlivých konstrukčních řešení dřevostaveb a nastiňuje praktická doporučení pro budoucí praxi., The main aim of the thesis was focused on hygrothermal simulation of critical details of two prefabricated wooden buildings - especially connections of the perimeter wall to monolithic foundations, respectively with waterproofing layer. The composition of the external walls of these selected buildings has quite different compositions and thus different potentials of drying integrated moisture from the components. Practical measurement of moisture weight-content was applied to the wooden bottom plate, which is in direct contact with the concrete slab structures. The influence of different design solutions on hygrothermal characteristics of the wooden plate was examined with regards to the risk of mould growth, analysis of mass loss due to the decay fungi and with the aim to estimate the durability of the studied details of prefabricated wooden houses. The subsequent research focused on the differences in physical and mechanical properties of natural spruce wood (Untreated, (-), A) and impregnated spruce (Treated, (+), B) using supercritical CO2 and its possible impact on wood protection for mould growth. Samples of identical Untreated and Treated spruce were collected in the laboratory and subjected to thermal and hygrothermal experiments. The comparison of the resulting values of the individual experiments is presented. Required values needed for numerical calculations were obtained from these experiments. In conclusion, the summary of founded comparison is presented. The mould growth analysis and its influence on the durability of wooden structures offer a view of the behaviour of the structures. Relevant findings and recommendations for the future praxis are mentioned.

Hlavní cíl disertační práce byl zaměřen na tepelně-vlhkostní simulace kritického detailu dvou realizovaných montovaných dřevostaveb – zejména napojení obvodové stěny na monolitický základ. Tyto vybrané budovy mají zcela odlišné složení vnějších stěn a tím i rozdílný potenciál vysychání konstrukční a zabudované vlhkosti dřeva. Praktická měření hmotnostní vlhkosti dřeva byla aplikována na hlavní základový trám, který je v přímém kontaktu s konstrukcí betonové desky, respektive s hydroizolační vrstvou. Byl zkoumán vliv odlišných konstrukčních řešení na tepelně-vlhkostní charakteristiky tohoto trámu, s ohledem na rizika růstu plísní a hmotnostní ztrátou dřeva v důsledku růstu hub s cílem odhadnout trvanlivost takto provedených detailů. Následná část výzkumu byla zaměřena na porovnání rozdílů ve fyzikálních a mechanických vlastnostech přírodního (neimpregnovaného, ozn. A, (-)) smrkového dřeva a dřeva impregnovaného metodou superkritického CO2 (ozn. B, (+)). Vzorky impregnovaného a neimpregnovaného identického smrkového dřeva byly shromážděny v laboratoři a podrobeny tepelně-vlhkostním experimentům. Z těchto experimentů byly získány potřebné údaje pro numerické simulace. V závěru práce jsou shrnuty poznatky z provedených experimentů. Analýza růstu plísní a jejich vlivu na trvanlivost dřevěných konstrukcí nabízí pohled na chování jednotlivých konstrukčních řešení dřevostaveb a nastiňuje praktická doporučení pro budoucí praxi., The main aim of the thesis was focused on hygrothermal simulation of critical details of two prefabricated wooden buildings - especially connections of the perimeter wall to monolithic foundations, respectively with waterproofing layer. The composition of the external walls of these selected buildings has quite different compositions and thus different potentials of drying integrated moisture from the components. Practical measurement of moisture weight-content was applied to the wooden bottom plate, which is in direct contact with the concrete slab structures. The influence of different design solutions on hygrothermal characteristics of the wooden plate was examined with regards to the risk of mould growth, analysis of mass loss due to the decay fungi and with the aim to estimate the durability of the studied details of prefabricated wooden houses. The subsequent research focused on the differences in physical and mechanical properties of natural spruce wood (Untreated, (-), A) and impregnated spruce (Treated, (+), B) using supercritical CO2 and its possible impact on wood protection for mould growth. Samples of identical Untreated and Treated spruce were collected in the laboratory and subjected to thermal and hygrothermal experiments. The comparison of the resulting values of the individual experiments is presented. Required values needed for numerical calculations were obtained from these experiments. In conclusion, the summary of founded comparison is presented. The mould growth analysis and its influence on the durability of wooden structures offer a view of the behaviour of the structures. Relevant findings and recommendations for the future praxis are mentioned.