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High precision temperature measurements are a transversal need in a wide area of physical experiments. Space-borne gravitational wave detectors are a particularly challenging case, requiring both high precision and high stability in temperature measurement. In this contribution, we present a design able to reach 1 µK/Hz---v in most of the measuring band down to 1 mHz, and reaching 20 µK/Hz---v at 0.1 mHz. The scheme is based on resistive sensors in a Wheatstone bridge configuration which is AC modulated to minimize the 1/f noise. As a part of our study, we include the design of a test bench able to guarantee the high stability environment required for measurements. We show experimental results characterising both the test bench and the read-out, and discuss potential noise sources that may limit our measurement., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

The article is devoted to the problems of the growing and developing space sector in Poland, and above all, its impact on building a competitive, knowledge-based economy. The aim of the work was to present the efforts of the regions, focusing on the example of the Lubuskie Voivodeship, aimed at building research, development and implementation infrastructure, thanks to which cooperation is established between the local government at the regional level, the world of science, and enterprises. Thanks to such cooperation, it is possible not only to build real relationships between these environments, and in particular, the result of these interactions will be specific economic cooperation, locating new economic entities in the region, or the formation of new companies operating in the space sector. The main part of the work is a case study which presents the initiative to create a Space Technology Park taken by the local government of the Lubuskie Voivodeship, and carried out jointly with the University of Zielona Góra and Hertz Systems LTD. This is an excellent proof that at the voivodeship level, very important initiatives for the development of the space sector can be undertaken as part of a de facto intraregional regional policy., Artykuł poświęcono problematyce rosnącego i rozwijającego się w Polsce sektora kosmicznego, a przede wszystkim jego wpływu na budowanie konkurencyjnej, opartej na wiedzy gospodarki. Za cel pracy przyjęto zaprezentowanie wysiłków regionów, koncentrując się na przykładzie województwa lubuskiego, służących budowie infrastruktury badawczo-rozwojowo-wdrożeniowej, dzięki której dochodzi do zawiązywania kooperacji pomiędzy samorządem terytorialnym szczebla regionalnego, światem nauki a przedsiębiorstwami. Dzięki takiej współpracy możliwe jest, nie tylko budowanie realnych związków pomiędzy tymi środowiskami, a w szczególności wynikiem tych interakcji będą konkretne kooperacje gospodarcze, lokowanie kolejnych podmiotów gospodarczych w regionie, czy też powstawanie nowych firm działających w sektorze kosmicznym. Zasadniczą część pracy stanowi studium przypadku, w ramach którego przedstawiono inicjatywę utworzenia Parku Technologii Kosmicznych podjętą przez samorząd województwa lubuskiego, a zrealizowaną wspólnie z Uniwersytetem Zielonogórskim oraz firmą Hertz Systems LTD. Jest to doskonały dowód na to, że na poziomie wojewódzkim w ramach polityki regionalnej, de facto intraregionalnej, można podejmować bardzo ważne inicjatywy na rzecz rozwoju sektora kosmicznego.

This paper reviews NASA’s Artemis program, which was developed with other space agencies and private and state partners. The program seeks to take people to the moon once again, this time to colonize and exploit Lunar resources as the first stage to later send humans to Mars. The paper is grounded on International Law and examines the principles of pacta sunt servanda applicable to space law, identifying elements that run against international regulations. This work begins with a description of the attempts to reach the moon, where some loopholes can be spotted. Afterwards, we present an overview of Artemis and discuss its embedded regulations, as well as the technology that was particularly developed for the program, which includes launch systems, a transport capsule, an orbital station, Lunar vehicles, equipment for exploration and extraction of Lunar resources, and habitable modules, among others. As a result, we offer a critical vision of the program, considering that only a small group of countries could appropriate Lunar resources, although they belong to all of humanity. It is concluded that the international community should monitor this program and strive to respect, sign and ratify the norms established by the UN in an attempt to ensure that any activity related to the exploitation of celestial bodies could positively impact the entire planet., Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o programa Artemis, liderado pela NASA e desenvolvido em companhia de outras agências espaciais e parceiras, privadas e estatais, que buscam levar pessoas novamente à Lua, desta vez para iniciar um processo de colonização e exploração de recursos, como uma fase preliminar do projeto de longo prazo para enviar humanos a Marte. O artigo está enquadrado no Direito Internacional para analisar os princípios do pacta sunt servanda, aplicáveis ao direito espacial e seus respectivos efeitos vinculantes, identificando elementos contrários às normas internacionais. Ele começa com um relato dos esforços para chegar à Lua, de onde reaparecem certas lacunas legais; mais tarde, é apresentada uma visão geral do programa e especificados os pontos divergentes e comuns entre os regulamentos, além de mostrar as tecnologias desenvolvidas para o programa como sistemas de lançamento; cápsula de transporte; estação orbital; veículos Lunares; equipamento para exploração e extração de recursos Lunares; módulos habitáveis; entre outros. Como resultado, apresenta-se uma visão crítica contra o fato de que um pequeno grupo de países pode se apropriar dos recursos Lunares, que pertencem a toda a humanidade, bem como de sua reserva de informação. Conclui que a comunidade internacional deve estar atenta a este programa e se empenhar pelo respeito, assinatura e ratificação das normas estabelecidas pela ONU, com o objetivo que qualquer atividade relacionada à exploração de corpos celestes impacte positivamente todo o planeta., Este artículo tiene como objeto analizar el programa Artemis, liderado por NASA y desarrollado en compañía de otras agencias espaciales y socios, tanto privados, como estatales que buscan llevar nuevamente personas a la Luna, esta vez para iniciar un proceso de colonización y explotación de recursos como fase previa del proyecto a largo plazo para enviar humanos a Marte. El artículo se enmarca en el Derecho Internacional para analizar los principios de pacta sunt servanda, aplicables en el derecho espacial y sus respectivos efectos vinculantes, identificando elementos que son contrarios con la normativa internacional. Se inicia con un recuento de los esfuerzos por alcanzar la Luna, desde donde reaparecen ciertas lagunas jurídicas; luego, se presenta una visión general del programa y se especifican los puntos disímiles y comunes entre las normativas, además de mostrar las tecnologías desarrolladas para el programa como sistemas de lanzamiento; cápsula de transporte; estación orbital; vehículos lunares; equipos para exploración y extracción de recursos lunares; módulos habitables; entre otros. Como resultado se presenta una visión crítica frente al hecho de que un grupo reducido de países puedan apropiarse de los recursos lunares, los cuales pertenecen a toda la humanidad, así como frente a su reserva de información. Se finaliza concluyendo que la comunidad internacional debe prestar atención a este programa y propender por el respeto, la firma y la ratificación de las normas establecidas desde la ONU, con el objetivo de que cualquier actividad relacionada con explotación de cuerpos celestes impacte positivamente a todo el planeta.

This research-based reflection paper is the result of an exploratory study on the current use of both civil and military terrestrial satellite orbits and their utilization in a potential international conflict that incorporates the deployment of the space capacities of belligerent countries. The analysis of this issue is carried out from the framework established by the United Nations Outer Space Treaty. This study presents both a legal and technical approach that allows featuring a possible conflict and the breach of the mandate of non-militarization of outer space. To do this, initially, a compilation of historical antecedents in the space race will be presented, focusing on the milestones that allowed humanity to achieve the current technological status. Then, a normative analysis applicable to satellite technologies will be presented. Additionally, technological references of systems currently used for both civil and military purposes will be shown. From this, we will provide a context study to highlight the threats and possibilities of an international conflict by scrutinizing the institutional and military capacities being formed at the global level by the leading countries in the development of space technologies. Once the possibility of the aforementioned conflict becomes real, the main aspects and associated regulations of the concept of the militarization of space will be studied. Overall conclusions show that the outer space is currently militarized and that an update of space regulations is necessary if we consider the long period that existing regulations have been in force., Este artigo de reflexão procedente da pesquisa é resultado de um estudo exploratório realizado pelos autores, tanto sobre o uso civil e militar dado no presente às órbitas de satélites terrestres, quanto em um possível conflito internacional no qual as capacidades espaciais dos países envolvidos são usadas. A análise é realizada no marco do Tratado do Espaço Exterior das Nações Unidas . Do mesmo modo, este estudo apresenta uma abordagem jurídica e técnica permitindo visualizar um possível conflito e a violação do mandato de não militarização do espaço exterior. Para isso, no começo será apresentada uma compilação de antecedentes históricos da corrida espacial, enfocando aqueles marcos que tem permitido à humanidade atingir a evolução tecnológica atual, seguida de uma análise normativa aplicável às tecnologias satelitais. Além disso, serão expostos referentes tecnológicos de sistemas que são usados hoje em dia para propósitos tanto civis quanto militares. Dessa forma, será realizado um estudo de contexto que permite evidenciar as ameaças e possibilidades de um conflito internacional, analisando as capacidades institucionais e militares que estão sendo desenvolvidas globalmente pelos países que são potências no desenvolvimento de tecnologias espaciais. Uma vez estabelecida que a possibilidade do conflito mencionada é real e latente, e na qual é possível usar as capacidades militares no espaço ultraterrestre, serão analisados os principais aspectos do conceito de militarização do espaço com sua respectiva normativa associada. Por último, foram estabelecidas como conclusões do estudo que até hoje o espaço está militarizado e que é necessária uma atualização da normativa espacial levando em consideração a data de sua elaboração., Este artículo de reflexión, derivado de investigación, es el resultado de un estudio exploratorio hecho por los autores. El estudio se centra en el uso tanto civil como militar actual de las órbitas satelitales terrestres y la utilización de estas en un posible conflicto internacional que requiera las capacidades espaciales de los países involucrados. El análisis se realiza a partir del marco del denominado Tratado del espacio exterior de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Así mismo, este estudio presenta un enfoque tanto jurídico como técnico que permite visualizar un posible conflicto y el incumplimiento del mandato de no militarización del espacio exterior. Para ello, se presentará una recopilación de antecedentes históricos de la carrera espacial centrada en aquellos hitos que han permitido a la humanidad lograr la evolución tecnológica actual. Seguidamente, se presentará un análisis normativo aplicable a las tecnologías satelitales. Además, se mostrarán referentes tecnológicos de sistemas que son usados actualmente para propósitos civiles y militares. Este estudio de contexto permitirá resaltar las amenazas y las posibilidades de un conflicto internacional mediante el análisis de las capacidades institucionales y militares que los países que son potencia en el desarrollo de tecnologías espaciales están desarrollando. Una vez se establezca que es real y latente la posibilidad del conflicto que hace uso de capacidades militares en el espacio ultraterrestre, se analizarán los aspectos principales del concepto de militarización del espacio y su respectiva normatividad. En último lugar, se presentarán las conclusiones del estudio: que a la fecha se encuentra militarizado el espacio y que es necesaria una actualización de la normativa espacial teniendo en cuenta la antigüedad de la normatividad.

Modeling the interactions in groups is becoming increasingly important in many application domains such as the design of interactive systems and social robots. Since human interactants do not always make rational choices, a good model of their social motivations is needed to explain the strategies of the interactants that are often influenced by social factors and preferences, the feeling of fairness and understanding the need for cooperation. We propose a cognitive model of social preferences of three or more interactants that are engaged in a collaborative game. The game strategies of the interactants are modeled with cooperation ratios and utility functions. We developed a new generalized utility-based approach to model the cooperation and fairness in multiplayer interactions, which uses three utility parameters. In two-person games, as it has been investigated by others, it is impossible to distinguish between fairness and cooperation in the decisions of a given player. We show that in n-person games (n> 2), and with the use of the proposed utility-based approach, it is possible to distinguish between fairness and cooperation. This makes the proposed approach suitable for more detailed analysis of group interactions in a game setting, which can better explain the social motivation of the interactants, than existing utility models and models that utilize on cooperation ratios. We show that the proposed generalization makes the newly proposed utility function less sensitive to the payoffs of one player if the size of the group grows, and test it with data from the MARS-500 isolation experiment.

This article describes the technical and procedural aspects involved in the implementation of a non-orbital CanSat type nanosatellite. This device integrates mechanical, electronic components and software elements, specifically developed locally to promote scientific-technological dissemination, and the awakening of scientific vocations. Finally, it is important to note that this platform will be used as a development tool in the teaching of space technologies., El presente artículo describe los aspectos técnicos y procedimentales involucrados en la implementación de un nanosatélite no orbital tipo CanSat. Este dispositivo integra componentes mecánicos, electrónicos y elementos de software, desarrollados local y específicamente para fomentar la divulgación científico-tecnológica, y el despertar de vocaciones científicas. Por último, es importante remarcar que la presente plataforma se empleará como instrumento de desarrollo en la enseñanza de tecnologías espaciales.

This article describes the technical and procedural aspects involved in the implementation of a non-orbital CanSat type nanosatellite. This device integrates mechanical, electronic components and software elements, specifically developed locally to promote scientific-technological dissemination, and the awakening of scientific vocations. Finally, it is important to note that this platform will be used as a development tool in the teaching of space technologies., El presente artículo describe los aspectos técnicos y procedimentales involucrados en la implementación de un nanosatélite no orbital tipo CanSat. Este dispositivo integra componentes mecánicos, electrónicos y elementos de software, desarrollados local y específicamente para fomentar la divulgación científico-tecnológica, y el despertar de vocaciones científicas. Por último, es importante remarcar que la presente plataforma se empleará como instrumento de desarrollo en la enseñanza de tecnologías espaciales.

Modeling the interactions in groups is becoming increasingly important in many application domains such as the design of interactive systems and social robots. Since human interactants do not always make rational choices, a good model of their social motivations is needed to explain the strategies of the interactants that are often influenced by social factors and preferences, the feeling of fairness and understanding the need for cooperation. We propose a cognitive model of social preferences of three or more interactants that are engaged in a collaborative game. The game strategies of the interactants are modeled with cooperation ratios and utility functions. We developed a new generalized utility-based approach to model the cooperation and fairness in multiplayer interactions, which uses three utility parameters. In two-person games, as it has been investigated by others, it is impossible to distinguish between fairness and cooperation in the decisions of a given player. We show that in n-person games (n> 2), and with the use of the proposed utility-based approach, it is possible to distinguish between fairness and cooperation. This makes the proposed approach suitable for more detailed analysis of group interactions in a game setting, which can better explain the social motivation of the interactants, than existing utility models and models that utilize on cooperation ratios. We show that the proposed generalization makes the newly proposed utility function less sensitive to the payoffs of one player if the size of the group grows, and test it with data from the MARS-500 isolation experiment.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá zhodnocením využitelnosti uhlíkových kompozitů v oblasti kosmického průmyslu. Cílem práce je posoudit, zda uhlíkové kompozity mohou najít uplatnění i v mechanických systémech pasivní tepelné ochrany umělých vesmírných těles. Modelové příklady demonstrují princip činnosti vybraných prvků pasivní tepelné ochrany. Zhodnocení se provádí na základě výsledků termální analýzy. Jako výpočtový nástroj slouží analytické vztahy z oblasti teorie přenosu tepla. Diplomová práce se skládá ze dvou částí. Teoretická část popisuje stručně mechanismy přenosu tepla, vybrané druhy pasivní tepelné ochrany a vlastnosti a aplikace uhlíkových kompozitů. Praktickou část tvoří zadání, výpočet a zhodnocení třech příkladů. Výsledky ukazují, že uhlíkové kompozity mohou při specifických požadavcích konkurovat běžně používaným materiálům., The content of the diploma thesis is evaluation of the usability of carbon composites in the space industry. The aim of this work is to assess whether carbon composites can find application in mechanical systems of passive thermal protection of artificial objects. Model examples demonstrate the principle of operation of selected passive thermal protection. The evaluation is realized based on the results of thermal analysis. Analytical formulas from field theory of heat transfer are used as a calculation method. The diploma thesis consists from two parts. The theoretical part briefly describes the mechanisms of heat transfer, selected types of passive thermal protection and properties and applications of carbon composites. The practical part consists of the assignment, calculation and evaluation of three examples. The results show that carbon composites can compete with commonly used materials for specific requirements.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá zhodnocením využitelnosti uhlíkových kompozitů v oblasti kosmického průmyslu. Cílem práce je posoudit, zda uhlíkové kompozity mohou najít uplatnění i v mechanických systémech pasivní tepelné ochrany umělých vesmírných těles. Modelové příklady demonstrují princip činnosti vybraných prvků pasivní tepelné ochrany. Zhodnocení se provádí na základě výsledků termální analýzy. Jako výpočtový nástroj slouží analytické vztahy z oblasti teorie přenosu tepla. Diplomová práce se skládá ze dvou částí. Teoretická část popisuje stručně mechanismy přenosu tepla, vybrané druhy pasivní tepelné ochrany a vlastnosti a aplikace uhlíkových kompozitů. Praktickou část tvoří zadání, výpočet a zhodnocení třech příkladů. Výsledky ukazují, že uhlíkové kompozity mohou při specifických požadavcích konkurovat běžně používaným materiálům., The content of the diploma thesis is evaluation of the usability of carbon composites in the space industry. The aim of this work is to assess whether carbon composites can find application in mechanical systems of passive thermal protection of artificial objects. Model examples demonstrate the principle of operation of selected passive thermal protection. The evaluation is realized based on the results of thermal analysis. Analytical formulas from field theory of heat transfer are used as a calculation method. The diploma thesis consists from two parts. The theoretical part briefly describes the mechanisms of heat transfer, selected types of passive thermal protection and properties and applications of carbon composites. The practical part consists of the assignment, calculation and evaluation of three examples. The results show that carbon composites can compete with commonly used materials for specific requirements.

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The projects of territorial planning, the most important of which is the general plan, are worked out with the aim of forming a long-term strategy for urban development, ensuring sustainable socio-economic, spatial and infrastructural development of the urban environment. Architectural documentation of general planning level is created for significant areas of the territory, which implies the use for this purpose of data of earth remote sensing with subsequent data presentation stage with the help of geographic information systems (GIS). A map of the general plan of the urban district of “The City of Volzhsk” in the Republic of Mari El has been presented in the proposed paper using satellite pictures and GIS Map Info Professional 10.0. The resulting map of the general plan of urban district is formed of 35 thematic layers, reflecting the current functional layout of the territory. In particular, on the map of the general plan there is a mapping of the current and future borders of the urban district, the elements of ecological framework and apartment block, the necessary planning objects, primarily the areas of municipal service, public and residential, public and business, the establishments of health service and social protection, industrial organizations. The main link of any map is the road network of the territory, which, in addition to the already mapped objects, is also presented on the map of the general plan of the urban district “The City of Volzhsk”.

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.Geographical marketing gradually takes root into the business industry of Russia. At the moment methods of geo marketing are used generally in the solution of placement tasks for the entities of the network companies of “step availability”. At the same time, possibilities of a method are much wider and can be applied with success in the sphere of small and medium business as well. Development of a matching technique of catering establishment optimum location in the territory of the small city by geo marketing methods is result of work. Specifics of geo marketing methods application in the Russian Federation and foreign countries are considered. The technique is tested on the example of Neftekamsk of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Russian Federation. On the basis of the analysis of space pictures of city territory the layers system of the geo information map Neftekamsk, necessary for the solution of an objective on the basis of which the analysis of city territorial structure is carried out is developed. Primary matching of the places suitable for placement of public objects catering on the basis of expeditionary researches is made. On the second stage is chosen the most optimal variant of placement from point of view of conducting successful business.

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The projects of territorial planning, the most important of which is the general plan, are worked out with the aim of forming a long-term strategy for urban development, ensuring sustainable socio-economic, spatial and infrastructural development of the urban environment. Architectural documentation of general planning level is created for significant areas of the territory, which implies the use for this purpose of data of earth remote sensing with subsequent data presentation stage with the help of geographic information systems (GIS). A map of the general plan of the urban district of “The City of Volzhsk” in the Republic of Mari El has been presented in the proposed paper using satellite pictures and GIS Map Info Professional 10.0. The resulting map of the general plan of urban district is formed of 35 thematic layers, reflecting the current functional layout of the territory. In particular, on the map of the general plan there is a mapping of the current and future borders of the urban district, the elements of ecological framework and apartment block, the necessary planning objects, primarily the areas of municipal service, public and residential, public and business, the establishments of health service and social protection, industrial organizations. The main link of any map is the road network of the territory, which, in addition to the already mapped objects, is also presented on the map of the general plan of the urban district “The City of Volzhsk”.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá zhodnocením využitelnosti uhlíkových kompozitů v oblasti kosmického průmyslu. Cílem práce je posoudit, zda uhlíkové kompozity mohou najít uplatnění i v mechanických systémech pasivní tepelné ochrany umělých vesmírných těles. Modelové příklady demonstrují princip činnosti vybraných prvků pasivní tepelné ochrany. Zhodnocení se provádí na základě výsledků termální analýzy. Jako výpočtový nástroj slouží analytické vztahy z oblasti teorie přenosu tepla. Diplomová práce se skládá ze dvou částí. Teoretická část popisuje stručně mechanismy přenosu tepla, vybrané druhy pasivní tepelné ochrany a vlastnosti a aplikace uhlíkových kompozitů. Praktickou část tvoří zadání, výpočet a zhodnocení třech příkladů. Výsledky ukazují, že uhlíkové kompozity mohou při specifických požadavcích konkurovat běžně používaným materiálům., The content of the diploma thesis is evaluation of the usability of carbon composites in the space industry. The aim of this work is to assess whether carbon composites can find application in mechanical systems of passive thermal protection of artificial objects. Model examples demonstrate the principle of operation of selected passive thermal protection. The evaluation is realized based on the results of thermal analysis. Analytical formulas from field theory of heat transfer are used as a calculation method. The diploma thesis consists from two parts. The theoretical part briefly describes the mechanisms of heat transfer, selected types of passive thermal protection and properties and applications of carbon composites. The practical part consists of the assignment, calculation and evaluation of three examples. The results show that carbon composites can compete with commonly used materials for specific requirements.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá zhodnocením využitelnosti uhlíkových kompozitů v oblasti kosmického průmyslu. Cílem práce je posoudit, zda uhlíkové kompozity mohou najít uplatnění i v mechanických systémech pasivní tepelné ochrany umělých vesmírných těles. Modelové příklady demonstrují princip činnosti vybraných prvků pasivní tepelné ochrany. Zhodnocení se provádí na základě výsledků termální analýzy. Jako výpočtový nástroj slouží analytické vztahy z oblasti teorie přenosu tepla. Diplomová práce se skládá ze dvou částí. Teoretická část popisuje stručně mechanismy přenosu tepla, vybrané druhy pasivní tepelné ochrany a vlastnosti a aplikace uhlíkových kompozitů. Praktickou část tvoří zadání, výpočet a zhodnocení třech příkladů. Výsledky ukazují, že uhlíkové kompozity mohou při specifických požadavcích konkurovat běžně používaným materiálům., The content of the diploma thesis is evaluation of the usability of carbon composites in the space industry. The aim of this work is to assess whether carbon composites can find application in mechanical systems of passive thermal protection of artificial objects. Model examples demonstrate the principle of operation of selected passive thermal protection. The evaluation is realized based on the results of thermal analysis. Analytical formulas from field theory of heat transfer are used as a calculation method. The diploma thesis consists from two parts. The theoretical part briefly describes the mechanisms of heat transfer, selected types of passive thermal protection and properties and applications of carbon composites. The practical part consists of the assignment, calculation and evaluation of three examples. The results show that carbon composites can compete with commonly used materials for specific requirements.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá zhodnocením využitelnosti uhlíkových kompozitů v oblasti kosmického průmyslu. Cílem práce je posoudit, zda uhlíkové kompozity mohou najít uplatnění i v mechanických systémech pasivní tepelné ochrany umělých vesmírných těles. Modelové příklady demonstrují princip činnosti vybraných prvků pasivní tepelné ochrany. Zhodnocení se provádí na základě výsledků termální analýzy. Jako výpočtový nástroj slouží analytické vztahy z oblasti teorie přenosu tepla. Diplomová práce se skládá ze dvou částí. Teoretická část popisuje stručně mechanismy přenosu tepla, vybrané druhy pasivní tepelné ochrany a vlastnosti a aplikace uhlíkových kompozitů. Praktickou část tvoří zadání, výpočet a zhodnocení třech příkladů. Výsledky ukazují, že uhlíkové kompozity mohou při specifických požadavcích konkurovat běžně používaným materiálům., The content of the diploma thesis is evaluation of the usability of carbon composites in the space industry. The aim of this work is to assess whether carbon composites can find application in mechanical systems of passive thermal protection of artificial objects. Model examples demonstrate the principle of operation of selected passive thermal protection. The evaluation is realized based on the results of thermal analysis. Analytical formulas from field theory of heat transfer are used as a calculation method. The diploma thesis consists from two parts. The theoretical part briefly describes the mechanisms of heat transfer, selected types of passive thermal protection and properties and applications of carbon composites. The practical part consists of the assignment, calculation and evaluation of three examples. The results show that carbon composites can compete with commonly used materials for specific requirements.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá zhodnocením využitelnosti uhlíkových kompozitů v oblasti kosmického průmyslu. Cílem práce je posoudit, zda uhlíkové kompozity mohou najít uplatnění i v mechanických systémech pasivní tepelné ochrany umělých vesmírných těles. Modelové příklady demonstrují princip činnosti vybraných prvků pasivní tepelné ochrany. Zhodnocení se provádí na základě výsledků termální analýzy. Jako výpočtový nástroj slouží analytické vztahy z oblasti teorie přenosu tepla. Diplomová práce se skládá ze dvou částí. Teoretická část popisuje stručně mechanismy přenosu tepla, vybrané druhy pasivní tepelné ochrany a vlastnosti a aplikace uhlíkových kompozitů. Praktickou část tvoří zadání, výpočet a zhodnocení třech příkladů. Výsledky ukazují, že uhlíkové kompozity mohou při specifických požadavcích konkurovat běžně používaným materiálům., The content of the diploma thesis is evaluation of the usability of carbon composites in the space industry. The aim of this work is to assess whether carbon composites can find application in mechanical systems of passive thermal protection of artificial objects. Model examples demonstrate the principle of operation of selected passive thermal protection. The evaluation is realized based on the results of thermal analysis. Analytical formulas from field theory of heat transfer are used as a calculation method. The diploma thesis consists from two parts. The theoretical part briefly describes the mechanisms of heat transfer, selected types of passive thermal protection and properties and applications of carbon composites. The practical part consists of the assignment, calculation and evaluation of three examples. The results show that carbon composites can compete with commonly used materials for specific requirements.