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2024 Descuento MDPI, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a very promising alternative tool in cell therapies and regenerative medicine due to their ease of obtaining from various tissues and their ability to differentiate into different cell types. This manuscript provides a review of current knowledge on the use of MSC-based therapies as an alternative for certain common pathologies in dogs and cats where conventional treatments are ineffective. The aim of this review is to assist clinical veterinarians in making decisions about the suitability of each protocol from a clinical perspective, rather than focusing solely on research. MSC-based therapies have shown promising results in certain pathologies, such as spinal cord injuries, wounds, and skin and eye diseases. However, the effectiveness of these cell therapies can be influenced by a wide array of factors, leading to varying outcomes. Future research will focus on designing protocols and methodologies that allow more precise and effective MSC treatments for each case., Simple Summary: The search for alternative treatments is necessary for diseases where conventional therapies are ineffective. In recent years, therapies using mesenchymal stem cells have emerged as one of the most appropriate alternatives in regenerative medicine. Therapy with these types of cells is progressively increasing as a therapeutic option in veterinary medicine, leading to significant advances in treating certain pathologies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on mesenchymal stem cell therapies and their potential therapeutic and clinical effects on wound and skin, ocular, and neuromuscular diseases in dogs and cats., Sección Deptal. de Fisiología (Veterinaria), Sección Deptal. de Anatomía y Embriología (Veterinaria), Depto. de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Fac. de Veterinaria, TRUE, pub, Descuento UCM

Scabies is a skin disease caused by an infestation of the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, which creates tunnels that cause clinical manifestations of itching at night. Health promotion through health hygiene literacy for scabies prevention is essential in various literature. Education is the delivery of health information and an effort to increase motivation/enthusiasm, skills, and confidence in carrying out health actions related to scabies management. According to the author, this comprehensive solution, besides increasing the literacy of individual students and teachers, also increases sustainability in a more comprehensive management of scabies in the future. A total of 60 people, consisting of 56 female students and 4 ustadzah, voluntarily participated in this activity to completion. An indicator of the effectiveness of implementing this activity is improving management knowledge as measured by the participants' pre vs post-test scores. There is a significant average increase in knowledge of scabies management. If we look at the proportion of participants who experienced an increase in their knowledge of scabies management, it was found that 95 percent of the participants had an increase in their knowledge, indicating the effectiveness and sustainability of this educational program. Education that aims to increase knowledge of scabies management as a whole runs effectively and shows the sustainability of this program in the future. These results are expected to increase independence in managing scabies effectively in modern Islamic boarding schools.

Scabies is a skin disease caused by an infestation of the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, which creates tunnels that cause clinical manifestations of itching at night. Health promotion through health hygiene literacy for scabies prevention is essential in various literature. Education is the delivery of health information and an effort to increase motivation/enthusiasm, skills, and confidence in carrying out health actions related to scabies management. According to the author, this comprehensive solution, besides increasing the literacy of individual students and teachers, also increases sustainability in a more comprehensive management of scabies in the future. A total of 60 people, consisting of 56 female students and 4 ustadzah, voluntarily participated in this activity to completion. An indicator of the effectiveness of implementing this activity is improving management knowledge as measured by the participants' pre vs post-test scores. There is a significant average increase in knowledge of scabies management. If we look at the proportion of participants who experienced an increase in their knowledge of scabies management, it was found that 95 percent of the participants had an increase in their knowledge, indicating the effectiveness and sustainability of this educational program. Education that aims to increase knowledge of scabies management as a whole runs effectively and shows the sustainability of this program in the future. These results are expected to increase independence in managing scabies effectively in modern Islamic boarding schools.

Monkeypox is a smallpox-like disease that was declared a global health emergency in July 2022. Because of this resemblance, it is not easy to distinguish a monkeypox rash from other similar diseases; however, due to the novelty of this disease, there are no widely used databases for this purpose with which to develop image-based classification algorithms. Therefore, three significant contributions are proposed in this work: first, the development of a publicly available dataset of monkeypox images; second, the development of a classification system based on convolutional neural networks in order to automatically distinguish monkeypox marks from those produced by other diseases; and, finally, the use of explainable AI tools for ensemble networks. For point 1, free images of monkeypox cases and other diseases have been searched in government databases and processed until we are left with only a section of the skin of the patients in each case. For point 2, various pre-trained models were used as classifiers and, in the second instance, combinations of these were used to form ensembles. And, for point 3, this is the first documented time that an explainable AI technique (like GradCAM) is applied to the results of ensemble networks. Among all the tests, the accuracy reaches 93% in the case of single pre-trained networks, and up to 98% using an ensemble of three networks (ResNet50, EfficientNetB0, and MobileNetV2). Comparing these results with previous work, a substantial improvement in classification accuracy is observed.

Monkeypox is a smallpox-like disease that was declared a global health emergency in July 2022. Because of this resemblance, it is not easy to distinguish a monkeypox rash from other similar diseases; however, due to the novelty of this disease, there are no widely used databases for this purpose with which to develop image-based classification algorithms. Therefore, three significant contributions are proposed in this work: first, the development of a publicly available dataset of monkeypox images; second, the development of a classification system based on convolutional neural networks in order to automatically distinguish monkeypox marks from those produced by other diseases; and, finally, the use of explainable AI tools for ensemble networks. For point 1, free images of monkeypox cases and other diseases have been searched in government databases and processed until we are left with only a section of the skin of the patients in each case. For point 2, various pre-trained models were used as classifiers and, in the second instance, combinations of these were used to form ensembles. And, for point 3, this is the first documented time that an explainable AI technique (like GradCAM) is applied to the results of ensemble networks. Among all the tests, the accuracy reaches 93% in the case of single pre-trained networks, and up to 98% using an ensemble of three networks (ResNet50, EfficientNetB0, and MobileNetV2). Comparing these results with previous work, a substantial improvement in classification accuracy is observed.

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, the disease burden from skin diseases, including skin-related neglected tropical diseases (skin NTDs), is extremely high. These diseases often are overlooked due to limited access to health care stemming from, for example, remote geographical locations and a lack of experts. To address these gaps, we developed a mobile health app, eSkinHealth, which is a field-adapted platform to serve as a portable electronic patient chart and for teledermatology. Objective: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of the app in rural Côte d’Ivoire for diagnosing and managing skin NTDs and other skin diseases. Methods: A 2-arm trial with local health care providers and patients with skin diseases was implemented over a 3-month period. The providers were assigned to an intervention receiving the eSkinHealth app or control with usual care. Four nurses and 8 community health care workers participated in each arm. The training was provided on the use of the app to the intervention arm only, while both arms were trained on skin diseases. For the usability study, we evaluated our approach with the System Usability Scale (SUS) and in-depth interviews. For the effectiveness study, our primary outcome was to evaluate the detection and management of 5 skin NTDs as our targeted diseases, namely, Buruli ulcer, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, scabies, and yaws, using the eSkinHealth app. Procedures of our methods were reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of the Ministry of Health and by Tulane University. Results: The mean age of our participants (providers) was 40.5 and 42.5 years for the intervention and control arms, respectively, and all were male (n=24). The average SUS scores taken from the intervention arm at baseline, the midpoint (6 weeks), and the end of study (12 weeks) were 72.3 (SD 11.5), 72.3 (SD 12.4), and 86.3 (SD 10.8), respectively. All participants interviewed, including 4 dermatologists and p, JMIR Dermatology, 6, art. no. e46295; 2023

Monkeypox is a smallpox-like disease that was declared a global health emergency in July 2022. Because of this resemblance, it is not easy to distinguish a monkeypox rash from other similar diseases; however, due to the novelty of this disease, there are no widely used databases for this purpose with which to develop image-based classification algorithms. Therefore, three significant contributions are proposed in this work: first, the development of a publicly available dataset of monkeypox images; second, the development of a classification system based on convolutional neural networks in order to automatically distinguish monkeypox marks from those produced by other diseases; and, finally, the use of explainable AI tools for ensemble networks. For point 1, free images of monkeypox cases and other diseases have been searched in government databases and processed until we are left with only a section of the skin of the patients in each case. For point 2, various pre-trained models were used as classifiers and, in the second instance, combinations of these were used to form ensembles. And, for point 3, this is the first documented time that an explainable AI technique (like GradCAM) is applied to the results of ensemble networks. Among all the tests, the accuracy reaches 93% in the case of single pre-trained networks, and up to 98% using an ensemble of three networks (ResNet50, EfficientNetB0, and MobileNetV2). Comparing these results with previous work, a substantial improvement in classification accuracy is observed.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a high prevalence worldwide, including countries from Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and in different ethnic groups. In recent years, more attention has been placed on the heterogeneity of AD associated with multiple factors, including a patient’s ethnic background, resulting in an increasing body of clinical, genetic, epidemiologic, and immune-phenotypic evidence that delineates differences in AD among racial groups. Filaggrin (FLG) mutations, the strongest genetic risk factor for the development of AD, are detected in up to 50% of European and 27% of Asian AD patients, but very rarely in Africans. Th2 hyperactivation is a common attribute of all ethnic groups, though the Asian endotype of AD is also characterized by an increased Th17-mediated signal, whereas African Americans show a strong Th2/Th22 signature and an absence of Th1/Th17 skewing. In addition, the ethnic heterogeneity of AD may hold important therapeutic implications as a patient’s genetic predisposition may affect treatment response and, thereby, a tailored strategy that better targets the dominant immunologic pathways in each ethnic subgroup may be envisaged. Nevertheless, white patients with AD represent the largest ethnicity enrolled and tested in clinical trials and the most treated in a real-world setting, limiting investigations about safety and efficacy across different ethnicities. The purpose of this review is to describe the heterogeneity in the pathophysiology of AD across ethnicities and its potential therapeutic implications.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: In the pre-antibiotic era, a broad spectrum of medicinal plants was used to treat livestock. This knowledge was neglected in European veterinary medicine for decades but kept alive by farmers. Emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial strains requires a severely restricted use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine. We conducted a survey on the ethnoveterinary knowledge of farmers in the bilingual (French and German speaking) Western region of Switzerland, namely the cantons of Fribourg, Neuchâtel and Jura, and in the French speaking part of the canton of Bern. Aim of the study: To find out whether differences exist in plants used by farmers in French speaking and bilingual regions of Switzerland as compared to our earlier studies conducted in Switzerland. Additional focus was on plants that are used in diseases which commonly are treated with antimicrobials, on plants used in skin afflictions, and on plants used in animal species such as horses, for which the range of veterinary medicinal products is limited. Material and methods: We conducted in 2015 semistructured interviews with 62 dialog partners, mainly cattle keeping farmers but also 18 horse keeping farmers. Of these, 41 were native French (FNS) and 21 native German speakers (GNS). Detailed information about homemade herbal remedies (plant species, plant part, manufacturing process) and the corresponding use reports (target animal species, category of use, route of administration, dosage, source of knowledge, frequency of use, last time of use and farmers satisfaction) were collected. Results :A total of 345 homemade remedies were reported, of which 240 contained only one plant species (Homemade Single Species Herbal Remedy Reports; HSHR). A total of 289 use reports (UR) were mentioned for the 240 HSHR, and they comprised 77 plant species belonging to 41 botanical families. Of these, 35 plant species were solely reported from FNS, 20 from GNS, and 22 from both. Taking into acc

Yoga is a traditional art and subtle science of body, mind and soul. Yoga  deals with psychosomatic as well as soma-psychotic aspect of the disease,  which connects body and mind. The psychosomatic aspect of treatment  helps to know the relationship between body and mind. In considering the  skin health and disease condition, the first point is to realize that the skin  is a different body organ. Covering entire body which helps internal body  organ from extreme temperature, attack of the pathogens, and other  infections. An organ is defined as a group of cells bundled together in  order to fulfil a specific physiological function. Secondly, the health of  the skin cannot be neglect from the rest of the body organs. There are  many reasons of skin problems but mostly it occurs due to undisciplined  lifestyle, lack of sleep, unhealthy food habits, medication, environment  and some extent due to genetic factors in some cases. Study have shown,  Yoga helps to reduce psychosocial stress and allostatic load through the  regular practice of Asana, Pranayama, Shatkarmas and Mudras, these  techniques of Yoga work as a panacea in many chronic skin diseases like  Psoriasis and related co-morbid conditions like stress, anxiety, depression  and improve the quality of life of psoriatic patient.&nbsp

Highlight:Profile of skin biopsy results which carried out the anatomical pathology examination was reviewed.The highest skin biopsy disease group case are erythropapulosquamous, infection, skin tumor, vesiculobullous, connective tissue disease, pigmentation disorders, and vasculitis Abstract:Skin biopsy is an important tool used by dermatologists in diagnostic determination. The correlation between clinical and histological features is needed in understanding pathogenesis and formulating the diagnosis of a skin disease with a greatly varied spectrum of histopathological results, while the observable clinical symptoms are highly limited. Skin diseases are still a serious problem worldwide, especially in Indonesia. Based on the Indonesian Health Profile in 2010, skin diseases ranked third out of 10 most diseases in outpatients in hospitals throughout Indonesia. This study was a review of the profile of skin biopsy results in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia from 1 July 2014 to 31 July 2019, which were subjected to anatomic pathology examination. This study was an observational descriptive study using secondary data sources from the medical records at the Communication and Information Technology Installation (ICT) of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. Based on data searches, the total number of biopsy examinations performed was 1,368 cases. There were more female patients (50.3%) than males (49.7%). The most common skin disorder found was erythropapulosquamous disorder (30%), followed by infection (18%). Other cases consisted of skin tumor (15%), vesiculobullous (13%), connective tissue disease (7%), pigmentation disorders (5%), and vasculitis (5%). Diseases that could not be classified into 7 groups of the biopsy criteria were grouped separately in other diseases (7%).

Steller's sea cow, an extinct sirenian and one of the largest Quaternary mammals, was described by Georg Steller in 1741 and eradicated by humans within 27 years. Here, we complement Steller's descriptions with paleogenomic data from 12 individuals. We identified convergent evolution between Steller's sea cow and cetaceans but not extant sirenians, suggesting a role of several genes in adaptation to cold aquatic (or marine) environments. Among these are inactivations of lipoxygenase genes, which in humans and mouse models cause ichthyosis, a skin disease characterized by a thick, hyperkeratotic epidermis that recapitulates Steller's sea cows' reportedly bark-like skin. We also found that Steller's sea cows' abundance was continuously declining for tens of thousands of years before their description, implying that environmental changes also contributed to their extinction.

BackgroundThirdhand smoke (THS) exposure correlated with significant metabolism of carcinogenic chemicals and the potential to cause detrimental health effects. Human harm research of THS exposure is limited to one other study and overall, there is a general lack of knowledge of the human health responses to THS exposure.MethodsThis was a clinical investigation to evaluate the health effects of 3-h dermal THS exposure from urine and plasma. 10 healthy, non-smoking subjects were recruited for dermal exposure for 3 h exposed to clothing impregnated with filtered clean air or THS. Exposures to clean air or THS occurred 20-30 days apart.FindingsIn THS-exposed group, there was a significant elevation of urinary 8-OHdG, 8-isoprostane, protein carbonyls. The THS 3-h exposure identified proteomics pathways of inflammatory response (p=2.18 × 10-8), adhesion of blood cells (p=2.23 × 10-8), atherosclerosis (p=2.78 × 10-9), and lichen planus (p=1.77 × 10-8). Nine canonical pathways were significantly activated including leukocyte extravasation signaling (z-score=3.0), and production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen in macrophages (z-score=2.1). The THS 22-h proteomics pathways revealed inflammation of organ (p=3.09 × 10-8), keratinization of the epidermis (p=4.0 × 10-7), plaque psoriasis (p=5.31 × 10-7), and dermatitis (p=6.0 × 10-7). Two activated canonical pathways were production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen in macrophages (z-score=2.646), and IL-8 signaling (z-score=2.0).InterpretationThis is a clinical study demonstrating that acute dermal exposure to THS mimics the harmful effects of cigarette smoking, alters the human plasma proteome, initiates mechanisms of skin inflammatory disease, and elevates urinary biomarkers of oxidative harm.FundingFunding was provided by the Tobacco Related Disease Research Program (TRDRP) 24RT-0037 TRDRP, 24RT-0039 TRDRP, and 28PT-0081 TRDRP.

The human intestine hosts diverse microbial communities that play a significant role in maintaining gut-skin homeostasis. When the relationship between gut microbiome and the immune system is impaired, subsequent effects can be triggered on the skin, potentially promoting the development of skin diseases. The mechanisms through which the gut microbiome affects skin health are still unclear. Enhancing our understanding on the connection between skin and gut microbiome is needed to find novel ways to treat human skin disorders. In this review, we systematically evaluate current data regarding microbial ecology of healthy skin and gut, diet, pre- and probiotics, and antibiotics, on gut microbiome and their effects on skin health. We discuss potential mechanisms of the gut-skin axis and the link between the gut and skin-associated diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, rosacea, alopecia areata, and hidradenitis suppurativa. This review will increase our understanding of the impacts of gut microbiome on skin conditions to aid in finding new medications for skin-associated diseases.

Background: Performing minor outpatient surgery in a consultation, given the limited availability of more numerous surgical areas, allows to spare the operating room and hospital beds for patients with more complex conditions. Objective: To implement a strategy of performing minor outpatient surgery in a consultation to reduce the institutional waiting list and allow better availability of hospital beds. Material and method: An observational, prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in the minor surgery consultation of the National Hospital of San Miguel de Uspantán, during the years 2016 to 2019, studying a sample of 394 patients who underwent minor surgery because they did not require the procedure to be done in the operating room. The variables studied were age, sex, surgical condition, complications and level of patient satisfaction. Percentage and ratio calculation studies were carried out. The results are displayed in tables and figures. Results: Predominance of patients aged over 15 years, and the male sex. Lipomas and sebaceous cysts were the dermatoses that reported the highest incidence of intervention. Minimal wound infection was the only reported complication, and a satisfactory level of patients was reached. Conclusions: The implementation of minor outpatient surgery, independent of the operating room, contributed to reducing the waiting list and allowing better availability of hospital beds., Fundamento: La realización de la cirugía menor ambulatoria en una consulta, ante la escasa disponibilidad de áreas quirúrgicas más numerosas permite reservar el quirófano y las camas hospitalarias para pacientes con afecciones de mayor complejidad. Objetivo: Implementar la estrategia de realización de la cirugía menor ambulatoria en una consulta para disminuir la lista de espera institucional y permitir una mejor disponibilidad de las camas hospitalarias. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo, transversal, en la consulta de cirugía menor del Hospital Nacional de San Miguel de Uspantán, durante los años 2016 al 2019, estudiándose una muestra de 394 pacientes intervenidos por cirugía menor, que no requirieron realizarse el procedimiento en el quirófano. Las variables estudiadas fueron la edad, sexo, afección quirúrgica, complicaciones y nivel de satisfacción de los pacientes. Se llevaron a cabo estudios de cálculo de porcentaje y de razón. Los resultados son expuestos en tablas y gráficos. Resultados: Predominio de los pacientes de edades mayores de 15 años, y el sexo masculino. Los lipomas y los quistes sebáceos fueron las dermatosis que reportaron mayor incidencia de intervención. La mínima infección de la herida fue la única complicación reportada, y se alcanzo un nivel satisfactorio de los pacientes. Conclusiones: La implementación de la cirugía menor ambulatoria, independiente al quirófano, contribuyó a aliviar la lista de espera y permitir mejor disponibilidad de las camas hospitalarias.

Background: Performing minor outpatient surgery in a consultation, given the limited availability of more numerous surgical areas, allows to spare the operating room and hospital beds for patients with more complex conditions. Objective: To implement a strategy of performing minor outpatient surgery in a consultation to reduce the institutional waiting list and allow better availability of hospital beds. Material and method: An observational, prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in the minor surgery consultation of the National Hospital of San Miguel de Uspantán, during the years 2016 to 2019, studying a sample of 394 patients who underwent minor surgery because they did not require the procedure to be done in the operating room. The variables studied were age, sex, surgical condition, complications and level of patient satisfaction. Percentage and ratio calculation studies were carried out. The results are displayed in tables and figures. Results: Predominance of patients aged over 15 years, and the male sex. Lipomas and sebaceous cysts were the dermatoses that reported the highest incidence of intervention. Minimal wound infection was the only reported complication, and a satisfactory level of patients was reached. Conclusions: The implementation of minor outpatient surgery, independent of the operating room, contributed to reducing the waiting list and allowing better availability of hospital beds., Fundamento: La realización de la cirugía menor ambulatoria en una consulta, ante la escasa disponibilidad de áreas quirúrgicas más numerosas permite reservar el quirófano y las camas hospitalarias para pacientes con afecciones de mayor complejidad. Objetivo: Implementar la estrategia de realización de la cirugía menor ambulatoria en una consulta para disminuir la lista de espera institucional y permitir una mejor disponibilidad de las camas hospitalarias. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo, transversal, en la consulta de cirugía menor del Hospital Nacional de San Miguel de Uspantán, durante los años 2016 al 2019, estudiándose una muestra de 394 pacientes intervenidos por cirugía menor, que no requirieron realizarse el procedimiento en el quirófano. Las variables estudiadas fueron la edad, sexo, afección quirúrgica, complicaciones y nivel de satisfacción de los pacientes. Se llevaron a cabo estudios de cálculo de porcentaje y de razón. Los resultados son expuestos en tablas y gráficos. Resultados: Predominio de los pacientes de edades mayores de 15 años, y el sexo masculino. Los lipomas y los quistes sebáceos fueron las dermatosis que reportaron mayor incidencia de intervención. La mínima infección de la herida fue la única complicación reportada, y se alcanzo un nivel satisfactorio de los pacientes. Conclusiones: La implementación de la cirugía menor ambulatoria, independiente al quirófano, contribuyó a aliviar la lista de espera y permitir mejor disponibilidad de las camas hospitalarias.

Background: Hairdressers are commonly affected by hand eczema (HE) due to skin hazardous exposure such as irritants and allergens in the work environment. Objective: To give an overview of the current prevalence, incidence, and severity, as well as the pattern of debut and the contribution of atopic dermatitis on HE in hairdressers. Methods: A systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was performed. Studies published from 2000 to April 2021 that fulfilled predefined eligibility criteria were retrieved. Results: A pooled lifetime prevalence of 38.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 32.6-43.8), a pooled 1-year prevalence of 20.3% (95% CI 18.0-22.6), and a pooled point prevalence of 7.7% (95% CI 5.8-9.6) of HE was observed in hairdressers. The lifetime prevalence in fully trained hairdressers and hairdressing apprentices was almost identical. The pooled incidence rate of HE was 51.8 cases/1000 person-years (95% CI 42.6-61.0) and the pooled prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 18.1% (95% CI 13.6-22.5). Conclusion: HE is common in hairdressers and most hairdressers have debut during apprenticeship. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in hairdressers is comparable with estimates in the general population, indicating that occupational exposures are the main factor in the increased prevalence of HE in hairdressers. This warrants a strategic and collective effort to prevent HE in hairdressers.

Background: Hairdressers are commonly affected by hand eczema (HE) due to skin hazardous exposure such as irritants and allergens in the work environment. Objective: To give an overview of the current prevalence, incidence, and severity, as well as the pattern of debut and the contribution of atopic dermatitis on HE in hairdressers. Methods: A systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was performed. Studies published from 2000 to April 2021 that fulfilled predefined eligibility criteria were retrieved. Results: A pooled lifetime prevalence of 38.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 32.6-43.8), a pooled 1-year prevalence of 20.3% (95% CI 18.0-22.6), and a pooled point prevalence of 7.7% (95% CI 5.8-9.6) of HE was observed in hairdressers. The lifetime prevalence in fully trained hairdressers and hairdressing apprentices was almost identical. The pooled incidence rate of HE was 51.8 cases/1000 person-years (95% CI 42.6-61.0) and the pooled prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 18.1% (95% CI 13.6-22.5). Conclusion: HE is common in hairdressers and most hairdressers have debut during apprenticeship. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in hairdressers is comparable with estimates in the general population, indicating that occupational exposures are the main factor in the increased prevalence of HE in hairdressers. This warrants a strategic and collective effort to prevent HE in hairdressers.

Highlight:Profile of skin biopsy results which carried out the anatomical pathology examination was reviewed.The highest skin biopsy disease group case are erythropapulosquamous, infection, skin tumor, vesiculobullous, connective tissue disease, pigmentation disorders, and vasculitis Abstract:Skin biopsy is an important tool used by dermatologists in diagnostic determination. The correlation between clinical and histological features is needed in understanding pathogenesis and formulating the diagnosis of a skin disease with a greatly varied spectrum of histopathological results, while the observable clinical symptoms are highly limited. Skin diseases are still a serious problem worldwide, especially in Indonesia. Based on the Indonesian Health Profile in 2010, skin diseases ranked third out of 10 most diseases in outpatients in hospitals throughout Indonesia. This study was a review of the profile of skin biopsy results in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia from 1 July 2014 to 31 July 2019, which were subjected to anatomic pathology examination. This study was an observational descriptive study using secondary data sources from the medical records at the Communication and Information Technology Installation (ICT) of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. Based on data searches, the total number of biopsy examinations performed was 1,368 cases. There were more female patients (50.3%) than males (49.7%). The most common skin disorder found was erythropapulosquamous disorder (30%), followed by infection (18%). Other cases consisted of skin tumor (15%), vesiculobullous (13%), connective tissue disease (7%), pigmentation disorders (5%), and vasculitis (5%). Diseases that could not be classified into 7 groups of the biopsy criteria were grouped separately in other diseases (7%).

Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is one of the most common skin diseases among teenagers and is treated based on its severity. Mild acne is treated with topical agents, while moderate and severe acne are treated with a combination of topical and systemic agents. Topical agents that are often used for acne are antibiotics, such as topical clindamycin. Widespread use of antibiotics to treat AV causes resistance problems. Therefore, alternative therapies are needed to prevent resistance to topical clindamycin, such as topical niacinamide, which has anti-inflammatory effects without inducing resistance problems. Purpose: To compare the efficacy of topical clindamycin and topical niacinamide in mild to moderate AV. Methods: In this systematic review, a literature search was carried out through 6 databases, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Inclusion criteria were written in English or Indonesian, published in 2010-2020, randomized controlled trial (RCT) study design, conducted on human samples, and discussed the efficacy comparison of topical clindamycin and niacinamide in mild to moderate AV. Studies that were not accessible in full-text and based on secondary data were excluded. Quality and risk of bias assessments were done using The Jadad Scale and Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2). Result: Acne severity was reduced significantly in both topical clindamycin and niacinamide groups, and there was no efficacy difference between these groups. Both topical clindamycin and topical niacinamide can cause mild side effects. Conclusion: Topical niacinamide can be an alternative therapy to topical clindamycin because they are both effective in treating mild to moderate AV.

Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is one of the most common skin diseases among teenagers and is treated based on its severity. Mild acne is treated with topical agents, while moderate and severe acne are treated with a combination of topical and systemic agents. Topical agents that are often used for acne are antibiotics, such as topical clindamycin. Widespread use of antibiotics to treat AV causes resistance problems. Therefore, alternative therapies are needed to prevent resistance to topical clindamycin, such as topical niacinamide, which has anti-inflammatory effects without inducing resistance problems. Purpose: To compare the efficacy of topical clindamycin and topical niacinamide in mild to moderate AV. Methods: In this systematic review, a literature search was carried out through 6 databases, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Inclusion criteria were written in English or Indonesian, published in 2010-2020, randomized controlled trial (RCT) study design, conducted on human samples, and discussed the efficacy comparison of topical clindamycin and niacinamide in mild to moderate AV. Studies that were not accessible in full-text and based on secondary data were excluded. Quality and risk of bias assessments were done using The Jadad Scale and Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2). Result: Acne severity was reduced significantly in both topical clindamycin and niacinamide groups, and there was no efficacy difference between these groups. Both topical clindamycin and topical niacinamide can cause mild side effects. Conclusion: Topical niacinamide can be an alternative therapy to topical clindamycin because they are both effective in treating mild to moderate AV.

Vitiligo is a skin depigmentation disease. Approximately 1% of the world's  population is affected. Vitiligo affects both men and women equally, with no  racial differences. The majority of instances occur between the second and third  decades of life and are acquired. It is a prevalent autoimmune condition with  significant socioeconomic and medical implications. Vitiligo has a significant  influence on patients' quality of life; many Vitiligo patients feel stigmatized and  unhappy as a result of their condition. It's characterized by white spots on the  skin caused by a lack of melanocytes. In Ayurveda, it is associated with Shvitra or Sweta Kushta. Modern medical sciences are still unable to cure this disease  with safe, cost-effective, and efficient medication. Ayurveda offers a lot of  potentials when it comes to treating autoimmune skin problems. Here is an  instance of vitiligo that was treated with Ayurvedic medicine. We describe a 40- year-old female with vitiligo that has remained stable. In Ayurveda,  Panchakarma and shaman chikitsa are used to treat shvitra kushta. Present  Vitiligo case was treated with Ayurvedic medicine, which included oral  medications such as Arogyavardhini Vati, Kaishor Guggulu, Navayasa Lauha,  Khadirarishta, and the local application of Brihat Marichyadi Tailam. &nbsp

Skin disease is one of the fastest growing problem across the world. It is most common type of diseases where some can be painful and some can lead to death so to avoid delay in the treatment an android application is developed. CureSkin is an android application used for skin disease detection developed using MobileNet model. Model is pretrained with 6 different types of skin diseases namely Acne, Acitinc Keratosis, Eczema, Psoriasis, Seborriheic and Tinea ringworm. This model was positioned on the developed android application. When the user inputs the image of a disease its name will be displayed on the screen. This android application also detects if the selected image is normal skin or not a skin.

Background Rational medication use for treatment is mandatory, particularly in children as they are vulnerable to possible hazards of drugs. Understanding the medication use pattern is of importance to identify the problems of drug therapy and to improve the appropriate use of medication among this population. Methods A post-hoc study of the RV3-BB Phase IIb trial to children aged 0-18 months which was conducted in Indonesia during January 2013 to July 2016. Any concomitant medication use and health events among 1621 trial participants during the 18 months of follow-up were documented. Information on medication use included the frequency, formulation, indication, duration of usage, number of regimens, medication types, and therapeutic classes. Results The majority of participants (N = 1333/1621; 82.2%) used at least one non-antibiotic medication for treatment during the 18-month observation period. A total of 7586 medication uses were recorded, mostly in oral formulation (90.5%). Of all illnesses recorded, 24.7% were treated with a single drug regimen of non-antibiotic medication. The most common therapeutic classes used were analgesics/antipyretics (30.1%), antihistamines for systemic use (17.4%), cough and cold preparations (13.5%), vitamins (8.6%), and antidiarrheals (6.6%). The main medication types used were paracetamol (29.9%), chlorpheniramine (16.8%), guaifenesin (8.9%), zinc (4.6%), and ambroxol (4.1%). Respiratory system disorder was the most common reason for medication use (51.9%), followed by gastrointestinal disorders (19.2%), pyrexia (16.9%), and skin disorders (7.0%). Conclusion A large number of children were exposed to at least one medication during their early life, including those where evidence of efficacy and safety in a pediatric population is lacking. This supports the need for further research on pediatric drug therapy to improve the appropriate use of medication in this population.Copyright © 2020 At Thobari et al. This is an open access ar

Vitiligo is a depigmenting skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Current medical and surgical treatments are often unable to provide complete repigmentation. Due to the visible appearance of vitiligo, especially in those with darker skin types, its psychological effect can be devastating. Camouflage is an adjunctive treatment shown to improve the quality of life in children and adults affected by vitiligo. Despite this, dermatologists are mostly unfamiliar with the increasing range of products that can be used to reduce its visual impact. "Medical" camouflage products are designed specifically for conditions such as vitiligo and vary in their ability to achieve a successful colour match and usability. Cosmetic make-up and sunless tanners offer alternative methods that are suitable for some patients. The choice of camouflage is influenced by the application site, gender and colour range of the product. Despite this, there are no published studies on the use of camouflage products amongst patients or dermatologists for vitiligo. We present the results of a global survey of patients and dermatologists regarding the use and recommendation of camouflage therapy in vitiligo. The study aims to investigate the current awareness, usage, benefits and barriers of camouflage products amongst vitiligo sufferers. The survey will help to identify areas that currently limit access to optimal management with camouflage therapy and highlight differences between patients' interest in these products and information provided by dermatologists. We also present the Camouflage Project which aims to create the first complete comprehensive online resource regarding camouflage products for vitiligo. Each specific product will be reviewed for 15 different criteria including colour match, durability, ease of use and cost. It is hoped through increased knowledge and awareness of these products, patients who choose to conceal their vitiligo can be empowered to do so.

Dermatological conditions make up a small component of the patients who present to the emergency department (ED). Although skin conditions may cause physical and psychological distress to the patient, most are not emergencies and are routinely managed in the general practice or outpatient setting. We present a retrospective case-note review of the dermatological presentations to the emergency departments within a major multi-site Victorian hospital network in the month of June 2019. Of a total 20209 presentations to the ED, 527 (2.6%) had a dermatology related presenting complaint or diagnosis, of which 131 (24.9%) were attributed to cellulitis or abscess. Only 47 (14.9%) of the 316 presentations excluding cellulitis, abscess, trauma and non-dermatological final diagnoses were admitted, resulting in a discharge rate of 85%, compared with the Victorian state average of 62% for all emergency presentations (1). We discuss the implications of these ED presentations in relation to the services provided by dermatologists, general practitioners, emergency physicians and the cost to the community.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01AR073324 to MG, P30DK063491 to OQ, T32AR064194 to RC, 1R01AR0690000-01 to CR)., Oxylipins are biological lipids that have been implicated in inflammation. We previously found that certain oxylipins correlated with clinical manifestations in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients. Here, we compare oxylipin profiles in PsA patients and those with psoriasis (PsO) without inflammatory arthritis to identify oxylipins that associate with specific disease manifestations to better understand disease pathogenesis and identify new biomarkers. Consecutive patients with PsA (who met the CASPAR classification criteria for PsA) and PsO were recruited from the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic. A thorough clinical examination was performed, including entheseal (Leeds enthesitis index (LEI)) and joint involvement (SJC/TJC 66/68). Patients were evaluated for pain and global disease activity on a visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 100. This was followed by disease activity scores calculation: cDAPSA (Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis) and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Serum oxylipins were determined by mass spectrometry and their association with clinical characteristics (PASI/LEI and cDAPSA) was analyzed using Metaboanalyst 4.0 and R version 3.6.1. Twenty PsO (average age 52 [10.8], 55% males) and 19 PsA patients (average age 60.5 [11.4], 63.1% males) were included. PsO patients had an average body mass index (BMI) of 33.7 (6.84) and an average PASI of 3.8 (4.2). PsA patients had an average BMI of 31.9 (5.6), TJC of 9.3 (10.41), SJC of 3.7 (4.23), with an average cDAPSA of 23.3 (11.4). 63.1% of PsA patients had enthesitis (average LEI 2.2 [3]) and the same percentage had psoriasis (average PASI 3(5]). Sera were analyzed for oxylipin levels. PsO and PsA patients with higher PASI score (> 2.5) had significantly lower serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory oxylipins, most of them arachidonic acid derived (AA). Oxylipin profiling did not associate with cDAPSA. Interestingly, several AA-derived oxylipins (5,15 di-HETE (5S,15S-dihydroxy-6

Deep learning models are efficient in learning the features that assist in understanding complex patterns precisely. This study proposed a computerized process of classifying skin disease through deep learning-based MobileNet V2 and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). The MobileNet V2 model proved to be efficient with a better accuracy that can work on lightweight computational devices. The proposed model is efficient in maintaining stateful information for precise predictions. A grey-level co-occurrence matrix is used for assessing the progress of diseased growth. The performance has been compared against other state-of-the-art models such as Fine-Tuned Neural Networks (FTNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition developed by Visual Geometry Group (VGG), and convolutional neural network architecture that expanded with few changes. The HAM10000 dataset is used and the proposed method has outperformed other methods with more than 85% accuracy. Its robustness in recognizing the affected region much faster with almost 2x lesser computations than the conven-tional MobileNet model results in minimal computational efforts. Furthermore, a mobile application is designed for instant and proper action. It helps the patient and dermatologists identify the type of disease from the affected region’s image at the initial stage of the skin disease. These findings suggest that the proposed system can help general practitioners efficiently and effectively diagnose skin conditions, thereby reducing further complications and morbidity.

Background Rational medication use for treatment is mandatory, particularly in children as they are vulnerable to possible hazards of drugs. Understanding the medication use pattern is of importance to identify the problems of drug therapy and to improve the appropriate use of medication among this population. Methods A post-hoc study of the RV3-BB Phase IIb trial to children aged 0-18 months which was conducted in Indonesia during January 2013 to July 2016. Any concomitant medication use and health events among 1621 trial participants during the 18 months of follow-up were documented. Information on medication use included the frequency, formulation, indication, duration of usage, number of regimens, medication types, and therapeutic classes. Results The majority of participants (N = 1333/1621; 82.2%) used at least one non-antibiotic medication for treatment during the 18-month observation period. A total of 7586 medication uses were recorded, mostly in oral formulation (90.5%). Of all illnesses recorded, 24.7% were treated with a single drug regimen of non-antibiotic medication. The most common therapeutic classes used were analgesics/antipyretics (30.1%), antihistamines for systemic use (17.4%), cough and cold preparations (13.5%), vitamins (8.6%), and antidiarrheals (6.6%). The main medication types used were paracetamol (29.9%), chlorpheniramine (16.8%), guaifenesin (8.9%), zinc (4.6%), and ambroxol (4.1%). Respiratory system disorder was the most common reason for medication use (51.9%), followed by gastrointestinal disorders (19.2%), pyrexia (16.9%), and skin disorders (7.0%). Conclusion A large number of children were exposed to at least one medication during their early life, including those where evidence of efficacy and safety in a pediatric population is lacking. This supports the need for further research on pediatric drug therapy to improve the appropriate use of medication in this population.Copyright © 2020 At Thobari et al. This is an open access ar

Vitiligo is a depigmenting skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Current medical and surgical treatments are often unable to provide complete repigmentation. Due to the visible appearance of vitiligo, especially in those with darker skin types, its psychological effect can be devastating. Camouflage is an adjunctive treatment shown to improve the quality of life in children and adults affected by vitiligo. Despite this, dermatologists are mostly unfamiliar with the increasing range of products that can be used to reduce its visual impact. "Medical" camouflage products are designed specifically for conditions such as vitiligo and vary in their ability to achieve a successful colour match and usability. Cosmetic make-up and sunless tanners offer alternative methods that are suitable for some patients. The choice of camouflage is influenced by the application site, gender and colour range of the product. Despite this, there are no published studies on the use of camouflage products amongst patients or dermatologists for vitiligo. We present the results of a global survey of patients and dermatologists regarding the use and recommendation of camouflage therapy in vitiligo. The study aims to investigate the current awareness, usage, benefits and barriers of camouflage products amongst vitiligo sufferers. The survey will help to identify areas that currently limit access to optimal management with camouflage therapy and highlight differences between patients' interest in these products and information provided by dermatologists. We also present the Camouflage Project which aims to create the first complete comprehensive online resource regarding camouflage products for vitiligo. Each specific product will be reviewed for 15 different criteria including colour match, durability, ease of use and cost. It is hoped through increased knowledge and awareness of these products, patients who choose to conceal their vitiligo can be empowered to do so.

Dermatological conditions make up a small component of the patients who present to the emergency department (ED). Although skin conditions may cause physical and psychological distress to the patient, most are not emergencies and are routinely managed in the general practice or outpatient setting. We present a retrospective case-note review of the dermatological presentations to the emergency departments within a major multi-site Victorian hospital network in the month of June 2019. Of a total 20209 presentations to the ED, 527 (2.6%) had a dermatology related presenting complaint or diagnosis, of which 131 (24.9%) were attributed to cellulitis or abscess. Only 47 (14.9%) of the 316 presentations excluding cellulitis, abscess, trauma and non-dermatological final diagnoses were admitted, resulting in a discharge rate of 85%, compared with the Victorian state average of 62% for all emergency presentations (1). We discuss the implications of these ED presentations in relation to the services provided by dermatologists, general practitioners, emergency physicians and the cost to the community.

Skin disease is one of the fastest growing problem across the world. It is most common type of diseases where some can be painful and some can lead to death so to avoid delay in the treatment an android application is developed. CureSkin is an android application used for skin disease detection developed using MobileNet model. Model is pretrained with 6 different types of skin diseases namely Acne, Acitinc Keratosis, Eczema, Psoriasis, Seborriheic and Tinea ringworm. This model was positioned on the developed android application. When the user inputs the image of a disease its name will be displayed on the screen. This android application also detects if the selected image is normal skin or not a skin.

Indoor tanning is an important risk factor for the development of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. With our nationally representative monitoring, we aimed at describing tanning bed use, user characteristics, reasons for use, and risk awareness over time. In the framework of the National Cancer Aid Monitoring (NCAM), we collected representative data on 12,000 individuals aged 14 to 45 years in annual waves of n = 3,000 participants in Germany between 2015 and 2018. We used descriptive statistics and chi²-tests to uncover group differences. To compare data from the different waves, we calculated confidence intervals. The use of tanning beds decreased from 2015 (11.0%, 95%-CI: 9.9%-12.1%) to 2018 (8.8%, 95%-CI: 7.8%-9.8%). However, this decrease did not affect all subgroups. For instance, there was an (non-significant) increase in minors and the prevalence remained stable for individuals with immigrant background and males. Attractiveness was an important reason for tanning bed use in each wave. Over time, there was an increase in medical-related reasons for use. Furthermore, monitoring showed a decrease in risk awareness regarding tanning bed use and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. While it is a positive development that the overall use of tanning beds in Germany has decreased over time, the increasing use by minors despite the legal ban is alarming. Due to the declining risk awareness it is necessary to implement prevention and education campaigns specifically targeted at this group.

Skin disease is one of the fastest growing problem across the world. It is most common type of diseases where some can be painful and some can lead to death so to avoid delay in the treatment an android application is developed. CureSkin is an android application used for skin disease detection developed using MobileNet model. Model is pretrained with 6 different types of skin diseases namely Acne, Acitinc Keratosis, Eczema, Psoriasis, Seborriheic and Tinea ringworm. This model was positioned on the developed android application. When the user inputs the image of a disease its name will be displayed on the screen. This android application also detects if the selected image is normal skin or not a skin.

Skin disease is one of the fastest growing problem across the world. It is most common type of diseases where some can be painful and some can lead to death so to avoid delay in the treatment an android application is developed. CureSkin is an android application used for skin disease detection developed using MobileNet model. Model is pretrained with 6 different types of skin diseases namely Acne, Acitinc Keratosis, Eczema, Psoriasis, Seborriheic and Tinea ringworm. This model was positioned on the developed android application. When the user inputs the image of a disease its name will be displayed on the screen. This android application also detects if the selected image is normal skin or not a skin.

Psoriasis is a chronic immune disorder that develops after exposure to a skin lesion; either traumatic, medicinal or infectious in genetically predisposed people. It presents in a classic way as erythematous confluent plaques, micaceous scales with well-defined borders, however there are other clinical cutaneous forms. Beyond skin involvement, psoriasis is also associated with a number of important medical and psychiatric comorbidities, including psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, malignancies, depression, and anxiety. Its treatment depends on the severity of the clinical picture, ranging from topical preparations to systemic treatments, without forgetting the multidisciplinary management of its comorbidities., La psoriasis es un trastorno crónico inmunitario que se desarrolla posterior a la exposición de una injuria en la piel; ya sea traumática, medicamentosa o infecciosa, en personas genéticamente predispuestas. Se presenta de forma clásica como placas confluentes eritematosas, escamas micáceas con bordes bien delimitados, sin embargo, existen otras formas clínicas cutáneas. Más allá de la afectación de la piel la psoriasis también se asocia con una serie de manifestaciones sistémicas e importantes comorbilidades médicas y psiquiátricas, que incluyen artritis psoriásica, enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes, depresión y ansiedad. Su tratamiento depende de la severidad del cuadro clínico que va desde preparaciones tópicas hasta tratamientos sistémicos, sin olvidar el manejo multidisciplinario de sus comorbilidades.

BackgroundOxylipins are biological lipids that have been implicated in inflammation. We previously found that certain oxylipins correlated with clinical manifestations in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients. Here, we compare oxylipin profiles in PsA patients and those with psoriasis (PsO) without inflammatory arthritis to identify oxylipins that associate with specific disease manifestations to better understand disease pathogenesis and identify new biomarkers.MethodsConsecutive patients with PsA (who met the CASPAR classification criteria for PsA) and PsO were recruited from the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic. A thorough clinical examination was performed, including entheseal (Leeds enthesitis index (LEI)) and joint involvement (SJC/TJC 66/68). Patients were evaluated for pain and global disease activity on a visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 100. This was followed by disease activity scores calculation: cDAPSA (Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis) and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Serum oxylipins were determined by mass spectrometry and their association with clinical characteristics (PASI/LEI and cDAPSA) was analyzed using Metaboanalyst 4.0 and R version 3.6.1.ResultsTwenty PsO (average age 52 [10.8], 55% males) and 19 PsA patients (average age 60.5 [11.4], 63.1% males) were included. PsO patients had an average body mass index (BMI) of 33.7 (6.84) and an average PASI of 3.8 (4.2). PsA patients had an average BMI of 31.9 (5.6), TJC of 9.3 (10.41), SJC of 3.7 (4.23), with an average cDAPSA of 23.3 (11.4). 63.1% of PsA patients had enthesitis (average LEI 2.2 [3]) and the same percentage had psoriasis (average PASI 3(5]). Sera were analyzed for oxylipin levels. PsO and PsA patients with higher PASI score (> 2.5) had significantly lower serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory oxylipins, most of them arachidonic acid derived (AA). Oxylipin profiling did not associate with cDAPSA. Interestingly, several AA-derived oxylipins (5,15 di

Objetivos: Se ha observado una asociación entre la patología cutánea y el hígado graso. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la prevalencia de hígado graso, y el grado de afectación hepática, en pacientes con psoriasis/hidradenitis. Se evaluará la asociación de distintos factores fisiopatológicos y socialdemográficos con la aparición de hígado graso en pacientes con patología cutánea. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos Medline y BIREME. Se incluyeron aquellos estudios que documentaron datos de prevalencia de hígado graso no alcohólico en pacientes con psoriasis/hidradenitis. Asimismo, se tuvieron en cuenta artículos que evaluaron factores de riesgo fisiopatológicos/socialdemográficos relacionados con ambas patologías. Resultados: Se incluyeron 14 estudios en la revisión. Se aprecia mayor prevalencia de hepatopatía en sujetos con psoriasis (OR 1.70; 95% IC: 1.17-2.46) e hidradenitis (OR 2.79; IC 95% 1.48-5.25; p=0.001). Estos pacientes presentan mayor afectación metabólica, siendo esta coexistencia sinérgica. No obstante, psoriasis e hidradenitis se han postulado como factores de riesgo independientes en cuanto al desarrollo de hígado graso. Se ha observado que la patología cutánea condiciona la gravedad del daño hepático, y viceversa. Pacientes con hepatopatía y afectación cutánea presentarán mayor rigidez/fibrosis hepática, y los índices de daño cutáneo también se verán alterados (índice PASI, ADDI, IHS4, DLQI). Conclusión: El hígado graso no alcohólico es una entidad prevalente en sujetos con psoriasis/hidradenitis. El nexo fisiopatológico se explica por la afectación metabólica. No obstante, ambas patologías cutáneas se postulan como factores de riesgo independientes en base a las rutas proinflamatorias asociadas a la propia fisiopatología de la enfermedad. La evolución de la patología cutánea y digestiva muestra una relación de dependencia. Sería recomendable la realización de estudios prospectivos para poder discernir de manera adecuada la, Obxectivos: Observouse unha asociación entre a patoloxía cutánea e o fígado graso. O obxectivo deste estudo é describir a prevalencia de fígado graso, máis o seu grado de afección, en doentes con psoríase/hidradenites. Estudarase o vínculo dos distintos factores fisiopatolóxicos/socialdemográficos co fígado graso en doentes con patoloxía cutánea. Métodos: Realizouse unha búsqueda na base de datos Medline e BIREME. Incluíronse aqueles artigos que documentaron datos de afección e prevalencia de fígado graso non alcohólico en doentes con psoríase/hidradenites. Do mesmo xeito, tivéronse en conta aqueles artigos que estudaron os factores fisiopatolóxicos/socialdemográficos vinculados con ambas patoloxías. Resultados: Incluíronse 14 artigos nesta revisión. Amósase unha maior prevalencia de patoloxía dixestiva en doentes con psoríase (OR 1.70; 95% IC: 1.17-2.46) e HS* (OR 2.79; IC 95% 1.48-5.25; p=0.001). Estos suxeitos mostran maior afección metabólica, sen embargo, psoríase/hidradenites parecen ser factores de risco independentes de cara á aparición de fígado graso. Tense observado que a patoloxía cutánea marca o grado de efección dixestiva, e viceversa. Doentes con hepatopatía e dano dermatolóxico presentarán maior rixidez/fibrose no seu fígado. Do mesmo xeito, os parámetros de efección cutánea tamén se verán alterados (índice PASI, ADDI, IHS4, DLQI). Conclusións: O fígado graso non alcohólico é unha entidade prevalente en suxeitos con psoríase e hidradenites. O nexo fisiopatolóxico explícase pola efección metabólica presente nestes doentes. Sen embargo, ambas patoloxías cutáneas postúlanse como factores de risco independentes dadas as rutas proinflamatorias asociadas a estas enfermedades. Recoméndase realizar estudos prospectivos para poder discernir con claridade a dirección da asociación entre ambas patoloxías, Objectives: An association between cutaneous pathology and fatty liver has been noticed. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of the fatty liver, and the degree of liver involvement, in patients with psoriasis/hydradenitis. The association of different pathophysiological and sociodemographic factors with cutaneous pathology will be evaluated. Methods: A search in the data base Medline and BIREME was made. Those studies which documented data of prevalence of non alcoholic fatty liver in patients with psoriasis/hydradenitis were included. In addition articles which evaluated pathophysiological and sociodemographic risk factors related to both pathologies were taken into account. Results: Fourteen studies were included in the revision. It is appreciated that there is more prevalence of liver disease in individuals with psoriasis (OR 1.70; 95% IC: 1.17-2.46) and hydradenitis (OR 2.79; IC 95% 1.48-5.25; p=0.001). These patients present increased metabolic involvement, being this coexistence synergistic. However, psoriasis and hydradenitis have been proposed as independent risk factors concerning the development of fatty liver. It has been noticed that cutaneous pathology determines the severity of hepatic damage and vice versa. Patients with liver disease and skin affection will show more stiffness/hepatic fibrosis, and the index of skin damage will be also altered (index PASI, ADDI, IHS4, DLQI). Conclusions: Non alcoholic fatty liver is a prevailing entity in individuals with psoriasis/hydradenitis. The pathophysiological relation is explained by the metabolic affectation. However, both skin pathologies are proposed as independent risk factors on the basis of the proinflammatory pathways associated with the pathophysiology of the illness itself. The evaluation of the skin and digestive pathology shows a dependence relationship. It would be advisable to carry out prospective studies to be able to discern properly the strength and direction of the associati

Deep learning models are efficient in learning the features that assist in understanding complex patterns precisely. This study proposed a computerized process of classifying skin disease through deep learning-based MobileNet V2 and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). The MobileNet V2 model proved to be efficient with a better accuracy that can work on lightweight computational devices. The proposed model is efficient in maintaining stateful information for precise predictions. A grey-level co-occurrence matrix is used for assessing the progress of diseased growth. The performance has been compared against other state-of-the-art models such as Fine-Tuned Neural Networks (FTNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition developed by Visual Geometry Group (VGG), and convolutional neural network architecture that expanded with few changes. The HAM10000 dataset is used and the proposed method has outperformed other methods with more than 85% accuracy. Its robustness in recognizing the affected region much faster with almost 2x lesser computations than the conven-tional MobileNet model results in minimal computational efforts. Furthermore, a mobile application is designed for instant and proper action. It helps the patient and dermatologists identify the type of disease from the affected region’s image at the initial stage of the skin disease. These findings suggest that the proposed system can help general practitioners efficiently and effectively diagnose skin conditions, thereby reducing further complications and morbidity.

This study deals with the problem of the recognition of dermatological and exanthematic diseases through the use of deep learning techniques in order to diagnose malignant diseases at an early stage and in general to bring the pathology identified by the models to the attention of the person. A fundamental part of the research was the study of the methodologies present in the state of the art and for this reason in this paper we report the studies considered as most relevant. In this paper, two different types of models are reported, the Convolutional Network Disease (CND) model and the CND-InceptionV3 model using the transfer learning technique. The use of these two models made it possible to carry out an experimental phase in which the performance that can be achieved using the ISIC-archive dataset was analysed. Subsequently, the description of the work carried out for the improvement of the dataset through the association of syntactic-semantic information is reported. Finally, in the last section, conclusions are drawn on the values obtained and future developments that can be made to improve the performance of the models reported are reported.

Psoriasis may emerge at any stage of life irrespective of age, sex or geographic location. It is identified as a chronic immune-linked inflammatory skin disease that affects all human races. Psoriasis is often more Caucasian than non-Caucasian groups of human races and in geographic areas, like higher latitudes and Western countries. Therefore, attention should be paid to both genetic and environmental causes of psoriasis. Natural products have significantly contributed and encouraged the advances in skin disease treatment like psoriasis. The maximum number of phytochemicals is now being used worldwide, including various plants, herbs, and formulations. In addition, some phytochemicals like psoralen, aloe-emodin, curcumin etc. have also been isolated in pure form and have also shown their efficacy in the management of psoriasis. The presence of such phytochemicals confirms the effectiveness of few herbal therapies. This paper reviews some of the promising phytochemicals and their potential molecular target sites and mechanism of action, which may aid in designing and producing more precise and selective antipsoriatic agents. Exploring and recognizing phytochemicals as to how they function will facilitate more site-specific delivery methods for psoriasis care.

Canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma (CETL) and immune-mediated T-cell predominant dermatoses (IMD) share several clinical and histopathological features, but differ substantially in prognosis. The discrimination of ambiguous cases may be challenging, as diagnostic tests are limited and may prove equivocal. This study aimed to investigate transcriptional differences between CETL and IMD, as a basis for further research on discriminating diagnostic biomarkers. We performed 100bp single-end sequencing on RNA extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded skin biopsies from dogs with CETL and IMD, respectively. DESeq2 was used for principal component analysis (PCA) and differential gene expression analysis. Genes with significantly different expression were analyzed for enriched pathways using two different tools. The expression of selected genes and their proteins was validated by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. PCA demonstrated the distinct gene expression profiles of CETL and IMD. In total, 503 genes were upregulated, while 4986 were downregulated in CETL compared to IMD. RT-qPCR confirmed the sequencing results for 5/6 selected genes tested, while the protein expression detected by immunohistochemistry was not entirely consistent. Our study revealed transcriptional differences between canine CETL and IMD, with similarities to human cutaneous lymphoma. Differentially expressed genes are potential discriminatory markers, but require further validation on larger sample collections.

Skin disease is one of the fastest growing problem across the world. It is most common type of diseases where some can be painful and some can lead to death so to avoid delay in the treatment an android application is developed. CureSkin is an android application used for skin disease detection developed using MobileNet model. Model is pretrained with 6 different types of skin diseases namely Acne, Acitinc Keratosis, Eczema, Psoriasis, Seborriheic and Tinea ringworm. This model was positioned on the developed android application. When the user inputs the image of a disease its name will be displayed on the screen. This android application also detects if the selected image is normal skin or not a skin.

Skin is the most pervasive sense organ that covers the whole outside of the body, forming a protective barrier  against pathogens and injuries from the environment. It puts light on our physical, general health and wellbeing  of an individual. In Ayurveda, all types of skin diseases can be considered under the shelter of Kushtha Roga (Skin diseases) and Vicharchika (Eczema) is one Twaka Vikara (Skin Diseases) explained under Kshudra  Kushtha (Minor skin diseases). The clinical presentation of Vicharchika (Eczema) viz.Kandu(itching),  pidaka(vesicles), Srava (Discharge) and Shvayavarna(discoloration) resembles to eczema in modern  dermatology. It is not life-threatening disease but affects psychological health causing anxiety, depression,  disturbs the person’s routine thus interrupts the ability to function normally, lead to social isolation and also  disturbs quality of life. Modern science has advanced techniques & treatment but for the cure of eczema there  is no satisfactory treatment, antihistamines and steroids are mostly used which shows various side effects. In  Ayurveda Shodhan (Purification) is the best therapeutic procedure to eradicate the root cause of the disease and  in Kushtha (Skin diseases) repeated Shodhna (Purification) is indicated to balance the vitiated Dosha. Amid Shodhan (Purification) therapy Virechan Karam (Purgation) described in ancient texts is mainly prescribed and  it doesn’t only cleanse the intestine but has multiple systemic benefits. Acharya Charak has indicated Virechan  Karma (Purgation) for Pittaj and Rakatj Dushti. Hence the best possible treatment in Vicharchika (Eczema) is  Shodhan (Purification) followed by Shamana therapy (Pacification). The present paper emphasizes on the  various aspects of Vicharchika (Eczema) explained in ancient Ayurvedic texts.&nbsp

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by hormonal imbalance and ovarian dysfunction, often starts during adolescence. Inconsistent diagnostic criteria, variable provider knowledge, and lack of consensus pose specific challenges for the care of women with PCOS. These factors encourage inaccurate diagnosis with both under and overdiagnosis. This unfavorable diagnostic experience exasperates affected women and limits timely opportunities for intervention to minimize associated comorbidities, especially during the transition from pediatric to adult care. Recognition of these issues in the care of adolescents and women with PCOS inspired the development of the International Evidence-Based PCOS Guidelines, which emphasize the prevention, screening, and treatment of PCOS across the reproductive lifespan. The Guidelines and accompanying meta-analyses focus on three major categories of associated comorbidities: (1) reproductive; (2) metabolic; and (3) psychological. With the exception of infertility, this article considers common manifestations and comorbidities associated with PCOS throughout the lifecycle. Healthy lifestyle interventions with prevention of excess weight gain comprise the primary intervention for all comorbidities. Hence, early identification of girls "at risk" for PCOS and those with PCOS is a priority. Extensive guidelines for provider and patient education aim to decrease the medical, psychosocial, and economic burdens attributable to PCOS and its associated comorbidities.Copyright © 2019, International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc.

Introduction Current evidence indicates an alarming increase in topical steroid (TS) misuse in India. Data regarding the magnitude and characteristics of this problem in rural India, where 68% of the population resides, are insufficient. This study analyses the magnitude, causes, characteristics and consequences of TS misuse in rural India. It also examines the association between TS misuse and patients' perception of skin disease. Methods A mixed-method observational study was conducted among the attendees of the dermatology outpatient department in a rural North Indian hospital. Those with a history of TS misuse were analysed for behaviour patterns and outcome. Results Out of 723 patients, 213 (29.2%) misused TS. Clobetasol propionate (58.2%) was most commonly misused. Seventy brands of inappropriate fixed drug combination steroid creams were recovered from the patients. Pharmacists and local healers together contributed to 78% of the sources for steroid misuse. Almost 58% of participants perceived their skin conditions to be allergic reactions to food, when in fact 70.1% were tinea, 10% scabies and 9% acne. Eighty per cent of the respondents having tinea had tinea incognito and 97% had extensive lesions. Eighty-five per cent of the participants with scabies had atypical lesions and 80% with acne had steroid rosacea or aggravation of acne. The median expenditure incurred in purchasing these potentially harmful steroid creams was Rs 1000 (US$14.1, equivalent to 3 days' wages of a labourer). Conclusion Steroid misuse is a problem of epidemic proportion in rural India. This practice is changing the profile of many common and infective skin conditions, which portends diagnostic dilemmas and therapeutic challenges for clinicians. Misconceptions about skin disease drive the public to seek a quick fixes' from non-allopathic providers who have unrestricted access to potent steroids. There is an urgent need to tighten regulatory controls over the manufacturing, sale and pr

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by hormonal imbalance and ovarian dysfunction, often starts during adolescence. Inconsistent diagnostic criteria, variable provider knowledge, and lack of consensus pose specific challenges for the care of women with PCOS. These factors encourage inaccurate diagnosis with both under and overdiagnosis. This unfavorable diagnostic experience exasperates affected women and limits timely opportunities for intervention to minimize associated comorbidities, especially during the transition from pediatric to adult care. Recognition of these issues in the care of adolescents and women with PCOS inspired the development of the International Evidence-Based PCOS Guidelines, which emphasize the prevention, screening, and treatment of PCOS across the reproductive lifespan. The Guidelines and accompanying meta-analyses focus on three major categories of associated comorbidities: (1) reproductive; (2) metabolic; and (3) psychological. With the exception of infertility, this article considers common manifestations and comorbidities associated with PCOS throughout the lifecycle. Healthy lifestyle interventions with prevention of excess weight gain comprise the primary intervention for all comorbidities. Hence, early identification of girls "at risk" for PCOS and those with PCOS is a priority. Extensive guidelines for provider and patient education aim to decrease the medical, psychosocial, and economic burdens attributable to PCOS and its associated comorbidities.Copyright © 2019, International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc.

Introduction Current evidence indicates an alarming increase in topical steroid (TS) misuse in India. Data regarding the magnitude and characteristics of this problem in rural India, where 68% of the population resides, are insufficient. This study analyses the magnitude, causes, characteristics and consequences of TS misuse in rural India. It also examines the association between TS misuse and patients' perception of skin disease. Methods A mixed-method observational study was conducted among the attendees of the dermatology outpatient department in a rural North Indian hospital. Those with a history of TS misuse were analysed for behaviour patterns and outcome. Results Out of 723 patients, 213 (29.2%) misused TS. Clobetasol propionate (58.2%) was most commonly misused. Seventy brands of inappropriate fixed drug combination steroid creams were recovered from the patients. Pharmacists and local healers together contributed to 78% of the sources for steroid misuse. Almost 58% of participants perceived their skin conditions to be allergic reactions to food, when in fact 70.1% were tinea, 10% scabies and 9% acne. Eighty per cent of the respondents having tinea had tinea incognito and 97% had extensive lesions. Eighty-five per cent of the participants with scabies had atypical lesions and 80% with acne had steroid rosacea or aggravation of acne. The median expenditure incurred in purchasing these potentially harmful steroid creams was Rs 1000 (US$14.1, equivalent to 3 days' wages of a labourer). Conclusion Steroid misuse is a problem of epidemic proportion in rural India. This practice is changing the profile of many common and infective skin conditions, which portends diagnostic dilemmas and therapeutic challenges for clinicians. Misconceptions about skin disease drive the public to seek a quick fixes' from non-allopathic providers who have unrestricted access to potent steroids. There is an urgent need to tighten regulatory controls over the manufacturing, sale and pr