Search

Helminthiasis in school-age children can impede both physical and cognitive development. Poor personal hygiene practices are associated with various health issues among schoolchildren, including diarrhoea and helminth infections. A healthy environment is crucial for physical and mental well-being, whereas poor sanitation significantly increases the risk of infectious diseases. This study aims to examine the relationship between environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, and soil-transmitted helminth infections among school-age children in the Banjarharjo Sub-district. This analytic observational study employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted in July 2023. Data collection involved administering a personal hygiene and environmental sanitation questionnaire, alongside identifying soil-transmitted helminth (STH) eggs in faeces and nail samples using the MgSO4 sedimentation method. Participants were selected through purposive sampling based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study population comprised school-age children from Banjarharjo District, with a final sample size of 58 children from Sindangheula Village and Cikuya Village. Data analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test. The results showed no association between environmental sanitation (faeces p = 0.583; nails p = 1.00) and personal hygiene (faeces p = 1.00; nails p = 1.00) and soil-transmitted helminth infection in both faeces and nail samples (p > 0.05). Therefore, the study found no significant relationship between environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, and soil-transmitted helminth infection among school-age children in Banjarharjo Sub-district. Keywords: Environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, school age, soil-transmitted helminths

Helminthiasis in school-age children can impede both physical and cognitive development. Poor personal hygiene practices are associated with various health issues among schoolchildren, including diarrhoea and helminth infections. A healthy environment is crucial for physical and mental well-being, whereas poor sanitation significantly increases the risk of infectious diseases. This study aims to examine the relationship between environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, and soil-transmitted helminth infections among school-age children in the Banjarharjo Sub-district. This analytic observational study employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted in July 2023. Data collection involved administering a personal hygiene and environmental sanitation questionnaire, alongside identifying soil-transmitted helminth (STH) eggs in faeces and nail samples using the MgSO4 sedimentation method. Participants were selected through purposive sampling based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study population comprised school-age children from Banjarharjo District, with a final sample size of 58 children from Sindangheula Village and Cikuya Village. Data analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test. The results showed no association between environmental sanitation (faeces p = 0.583; nails p = 1.00) and personal hygiene (faeces p = 1.00; nails p = 1.00) and soil-transmitted helminth infection in both faeces and nail samples (p > 0.05). Therefore, the study found no significant relationship between environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, and soil-transmitted helminth infection among school-age children in Banjarharjo Sub-district. Keywords: Environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, school age, soil-transmitted helminths

Classroom Pivotal Response Teaching (CPRT) is a community-partnered adaptation of a naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention identified as an evidence-based practice for autistic children. The current study evaluated student outcomes in a randomized, wait-list controlled implementation trial across classrooms. Participants included teachers (n = 126) and students with autism (n = 308). Teachers participated in 12 hours of didactic, interactive training and additional in-classroom coaching. Generalized Estimating Equations accounted for clustering. Adjusted models evaluated the relative effects of training group, CPRT fidelity, and classroom quality on student outcomes. Results indicate higher CPRT fidelity was associated with greater increases in student learning. Having received CPRT training predicted increased student engagement and greater decreases in reported approach/withdrawal problems. These differences may be linked to the theoretical foundations of CPRT of increasing student motivation and engagement and collaborative adaptation to increase feasibility in schools. Overall, results suggest CPRT may be a beneficial approach for supporting autistic students.

The practice of physical activity is one of the main factors to improve physical and cognitive health. Its benefits are directly related to various cognitive aspects such as attention, memory and self-esteem that have been extensively studied and may be closely related to academic performance. The objective of the study was to carry out a systematic review of the influence of physical activity on school performance in school-age children. The main search engines used were Dialnet, Redalyc and Google Scholar databases, and the criterion used was the selection of cross-sectional and experimental studies published in the last twelve years. A total sample of 21 research papers was obtained, of which 8 applied intervention programs based on physical activity to improve school performance or related parameters, and the remaining 13 applied questionnaires measuring physical activity practice. The main findings of the systematic review showed that the practice of physical activity improves school performance, cognitive processes (attention and inhibitory control), self-esteem and the acquisition of healthy habits at school age, the same habits that prevail throughout life., La práctica de actividad física es uno de los principales factores para mejorar la salud física como cognitivamente. Sus beneficios tienen directa relación sobre diversos aspectos cognitivos como la atención, memoria y autoestima que han sido ampliamente estudiados y pueden estar muy relacionados con el rendimiento académico. El objetivo planteado en el estudio consiste en realizar una revisión sistemática sobre la influencia que tiene la actividad física en el rendimiento escolar de niños/as en edades escolares. Se emplea como principales motores de búsqueda las bases de datos de Dialnet, Redalyc y Google Académico, se utilizó como criterio la selección de estudios de tipo transversal y experimental publicados en los últimos doce años. Se obtuvo una muestra total de 21 trabajos de investigación, de los cuales en 8 se aplicaron programas de intervención basados en la realización de actividad física para la mejora del rendimiento escolar o parámetros relacionados y en los 13 restantes se aplicaron cuestionarios de medición de la práctica de la actividad física. Como principales hallazgos de la revisión sistemática, se ha podido evidenciar que la práctica de actividad física mejora el rendimiento escolar, los procesos cognitivos (la atención y el control inhibitorio), la autoestima y la adquisición de hábitos saludables en una edad escolar, los mismos que predominan a lo largo de la vida.

´[Abstract] Background: Hallux limitus is a common foot disorder whose incidence has increased in the school-age population. Hallux limitus is characterized by musculoskeletal alteration that involves the metatarsophalangeal joint causing structural disorders in different anatomical areas of the locomotor system, affecting gait patterns. The aim of this study was to analyze dynamic plantar pressures in a school-aged population both with functional hallux and without. Methods: A full sample of 100 subjects (50 male and 50 female) 7 to 12 years old was included. The subjects were identified in two groups: the case group (50 subjects characterized as having hallux limitus, 22 male and 28 female) and control group (50 subjects characterized as not having hallux limitus, 28 male and 22 female). Measurements were obtained while subjects walked barefoot in a relaxed manner along a baropodometric platform. The hallux limitus test was realized in a seated position to sort subjects out into an established study group. The variables checked in the research were the surface area supported by each lower limb, the maximum peak pressure of each lower limb, the maximum mean pressure of each lower limb, the body weight on the hallux of each foot, the body weight on the first metatarsal head of each foot, the body weight at the second metatarsal head of each foot, the body weight at the third and fourth metatarsal head of each foot, the body weight at the head of the fifth metatarsal of each foot, the body weight at the midfoot of each foot, and the body weight at the heel of each foot. Results: Non-significant results were obtained in the variable of pressure peaks between both study groups; the highest pressures were found in the hallux with a p-value of 0.127 and in the first metatarsal head with a p-value 0.354 in subjects with hallux limitus. A non-significant result with a p-value of 0.156 was obtained at the second metatarsal head in healthy subjects. However, significant resu

[Background] Parent–child relationships, the rearing attitudes of parents toward their children as well as the interactive relationships, such as play and cultural activities that parents and children enjoy together, serve as important factors in predicting a child’s growth and development. These experiences of annual events celebrated with the family may be related to the school-age child’s development. However, this relationship has not been investigated sufficiently. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the relationship between the experience of annual events observed in the family and a child’s social adjustment. [Methods] In 2019, a self-administered questionnaire survey targeting fifth graders (ages 10–11) in Japan was conducted with children’s parents. Major survey items included participants’ characteristics (child’s sex, family composition, siblings, household income, and parents’ educational backgrounds), annual events observed in the family (Setsubun or the day before the start of spring, Mother’s Day, Father’s Day, the Tanabata or Weaver Festival, Respect for the Aged Day, Winter solstice, etc.), and the child’s social adjustment (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). A total of 653 children who met the criteria of not having any developmental disorders were included as participants for the analysis. [Results] The participants had celebrated an average of 15.47 (± 5.52) annual events with their families that year. The number of annual events celebrated was significantly related to family composition and the parents’ educational backgrounds. We found that children who came from families with numerous experiences of annual events were more likely to have higher prosocial behavior and were less likely to have externalizing or internalizing problems. The same pattern was found even after adjusting for the family’s socioeconomic background and other factors; that is, children who came from families having diverse experiences of annual events were more

Executive functioning (EF) is found to be a powerful predictor for children’s school readiness and long-term school outcomes. However, the current research base indicates that children with autism may have an increased likelihood of experiencing deficits in EF or delayed developmental trajectories. Additionally, although there is ample evidence that neurotypical (NT) children undergo a “sensitive period” with high plasticity in EF development in early childhood, and continue to make progress up to early adolescence, it is unclear if such a window of opportunity applies to autistic children in the same way it does for their NT peers, and if the longitudinal trajectory of growth follows a parallel pattern. Study 1 used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Studies-Kindergarten Class of 2011 (ECLS-K: 2011), and unconditional latent growth models were built for working memory and cognitive flexibility to identify the period of high plasticity in EF skills in autistic children and how it differed from that of their NT peers. It further investigated the relationship between autistic children’s initial status in EF skills upon entering kindergarten and their rates of growth throughout their elementary school life. Lastly, it examined how the degree of heterogeneity in autistic children in their EF performances changed over time, and how such changes differed from that of their NT peers. Findings from Study 1 indicate that both autistic and NT children make steeper gains during the first few years of elementary school, and the rates of growth slow down as they get older. However, autistic children appear to have a wider window for high plasticity than their NT peers. Further, autistic children’s lower initial status on working memory upon entering kindergarten predicted a higher rate of growth during the last three years of elementary school only, while a lower initial status on cognitive flexibility predicted a higher rate of growth throughout their elementary school years. Las

Executive functioning (EF) is found to be a powerful predictor for children’s school readiness and long-term school outcomes. However, the current research base indicates that children with autism may have an increased likelihood of experiencing deficits in EF or delayed developmental trajectories. Additionally, although there is ample evidence that neurotypical (NT) children undergo a “sensitive period” with high plasticity in EF development in early childhood, and continue to make progress up to early adolescence, it is unclear if such a window of opportunity applies to autistic children in the same way it does for their NT peers, and if the longitudinal trajectory of growth follows a parallel pattern. Study 1 used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Studies-Kindergarten Class of 2011 (ECLS-K: 2011), and unconditional latent growth models were built for working memory and cognitive flexibility to identify the period of high plasticity in EF skills in autistic children and how it differed from that of their NT peers. It further investigated the relationship between autistic children’s initial status in EF skills upon entering kindergarten and their rates of growth throughout their elementary school life. Lastly, it examined how the degree of heterogeneity in autistic children in their EF performances changed over time, and how such changes differed from that of their NT peers. Findings from Study 1 indicate that both autistic and NT children make steeper gains during the first few years of elementary school, and the rates of growth slow down as they get older. However, autistic children appear to have a wider window for high plasticity than their NT peers. Further, autistic children’s lower initial status on working memory upon entering kindergarten predicted a higher rate of growth during the last three years of elementary school only, while a lower initial status on cognitive flexibility predicted a higher rate of growth throughout their elementary school years. Las

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar el perfil decisional de chicos y chicas en edad escolar basado en aspectos espacio-temporales a través del software «Juego Interactivo de Voleibol» (JIVB®), en función de diferentes variables: dificultad espacio-temporal, tipo de práctica deportiva, edad, sexo y tiempo de práctica deportiva. La muestra ha sido conformada por la totalidad de los clubes de categoría infantil de la ciudad de Sevilla de las modalidades de balonmano, voleibol y atletismo, así como de alumnado de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) de un Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria que no practicaba más actividad físico-deportiva que la realizada en sus clases de educación física. Además, para completar la muestra a nivel deportivo se optó por incluir a un club de voleibol y a un club de atletismo de poblaciones limítrofes con Sevilla capital, quedando la muestra final constituida por 109 participantes, de ambos sexos, de 12-14 años. Para determinar el perfil decisional se utilizó el JIVB® y se llevaron a cabo análisis descriptivos e inferenciales. Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias significativas en la capacidad de toma de decisiones, aunque sí se puede hablar de tendencias., The objective of this study was to determine the decisional profile of school-age boys and girls based on spatiotemporal aspects through the software "Interactive Volleyball Game" (JIVB®), based on different variables: spatio-temporal difficulty, type of sports practice, age, sex and time of sports practice. The sample has been made up of all the children's category clubs in the city of Seville in the modalities of handball, volleyball and athletics, as well as students of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) of a Secondary Education Institute that did not practice anymore physical-sporting activity than the one carried out in their physical education classes. In addition, to complete the sample at the sporting level, it was decided to include a volleyball club and an athletics club from neighboring towns with Seville, leaving the final sample consisting of 109 participants, of both sexes, aged 12-14 years. To determine the decisional profile, the JIVB® was used and descriptive and inferential analyzes were carried out. The results show that there are no significant differences in decision-making capacity, although it is possible to speak of trends.

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar el perfil decisional de chicos y chicas en edad escolar basado en aspectos espacio-temporales a través del software «Juego Interactivo de Voleibol» (JIVB®), en función de diferentes variables: dificultad espacio-temporal, tipo de práctica deportiva, edad, sexo y tiempo de práctica deportiva. La muestra ha sido conformada por la totalidad de los clubes de categoría infantil de la ciudad de Sevilla de las modalidades de balonmano, voleibol y atletismo, así como de alumnado de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) de un Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria que no practicaba más actividad físico-deportiva que la realizada en sus clases de educación física. Además, para completar la muestra a nivel deportivo se optó por incluir a un club de voleibol y a un club de atletismo de poblaciones limítrofes con Sevilla capital, quedando la muestra final constituida por 109 participantes, de ambos sexos, de 12-14 años. Para determinar el perfil decisional se utilizó el JIVB® y se llevaron a cabo análisis descriptivos e inferenciales. Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias significativas en la capacidad de toma de decisiones, aunque sí se puede hablar de tendencias., The objective of this study was to determine the decisional profile of school-age boys and girls based on spatiotemporal aspects through the software "Interactive Volleyball Game" (JIVB®), based on different variables: spatio-temporal difficulty, type of sports practice, age, sex and time of sports practice. The sample has been made up of all the children's category clubs in the city of Seville in the modalities of handball, volleyball and athletics, as well as students of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) of a Secondary Education Institute that did not practice anymore physical-sporting activity than the one carried out in their physical education classes. In addition, to complete the sample at the sporting level, it was decided to include a volleyball club and an athletics club from neighboring towns with Seville, leaving the final sample consisting of 109 participants, of both sexes, aged 12-14 years. To determine the decisional profile, the JIVB® was used and descriptive and inferential analyzes were carried out. The results show that there are no significant differences in decision-making capacity, although it is possible to speak of trends.

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar el perfil decisional de chicos y chicas en edad escolar basado en aspectos espacio-temporales a través del software «Juego Interactivo de Voleibol» (JIVB®), en función de diferentes variables: dificultad espacio-temporal, tipo de práctica deportiva, edad, sexo y tiempo de práctica deportiva. La muestra ha sido conformada por la totalidad de los clubes de categoría infantil de la ciudad de Sevilla de las modalidades de balonmano, voleibol y atletismo, así como de alumnado de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) de un Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria que no practicaba más actividad físico-deportiva que la realizada en sus clases de educación física. Además, para completar la muestra a nivel deportivo se optó por incluir a un club de voleibol y a un club de atletismo de poblaciones limítrofes con Sevilla capital, quedando la muestra final constituida por 109 participantes, de ambos sexos, de 12-14 años. Para determinar el perfil decisional se utilizó el JIVB® y se llevaron a cabo análisis descriptivos e inferenciales. Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias significativas en la capacidad de toma de decisiones, aunque sí se puede hablar de tendencias., The objective of this study was to determine the decisional profile of school-age boys and girls based on spatiotemporal aspects through the software "Interactive Volleyball Game" (JIVB®), based on different variables: spatio-temporal difficulty, type of sports practice, age, sex and time of sports practice. The sample has been made up of all the children's category clubs in the city of Seville in the modalities of handball, volleyball and athletics, as well as students of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) of a Secondary Education Institute that did not practice anymore physical-sporting activity than the one carried out in their physical education classes. In addition, to complete the sample at the sporting level, it was decided to include a volleyball club and an athletics club from neighboring towns with Seville, leaving the final sample consisting of 109 participants, of both sexes, aged 12-14 years. To determine the decisional profile, the JIVB® was used and descriptive and inferential analyzes were carried out. The results show that there are no significant differences in decision-making capacity, although it is possible to speak of trends.

On the one hand, the numerical version of the Stroop task can be a test to measure how much symbolic quantity estimation (comparison of numbers) is distorted by the physical dimensions estimation (numbers of different sizes). On the other hand, this test can show how the physical size estimation is distorted by the quantitative parameters evaluation. In this study two congruency effects were compared and the age dynamics of differences between them in schoolchildren in grades 4–9 was revealed. Differences in the congruency effects between age groups were found in the assessment of physical parameters, but not the numerosity evaluation. The results indicate changes in the physical parameters processing of numeric characters arising from younger to older age. The changes are caused by distortion of the number physical size evaluation by quantitative parameters., Числовой вариант задачи Струпа может выступать в качестве теста, который позволяет измерить то, насколько оценка количества в символической форме (сравнение чисел) искажается оценкой физических размеров (цифры разного размера), и в какой степени оценка физического размера искажается оценкой количественных параметров. В представленном исследовании сравниваются два эффекта конгруэнтности и выявляется возрастная динамика различий между ними у школьников 4–9‑х классов. Обнаружены различия в эффектах конгруэнтности при оценке физических параметров, но не значения числа между возрастными группами. Результаты свидетельствуют об изменениях в обработке физических параметров числовых символов, возникающих от младшего к старшему возрасту и вызванных искажением оценки физического размера числа количественными параметрами.

La obesidad y el sedentarismo son dos problemas que están relacionados de forma directa con la realización de actividad física. Además, ambos están actualmente muy generalizados, debido a diferentes factores como la herencia genética, la normalización de la inactividad física en la sociedad actual, el desarrollo tecnológico, etc. El propósito de este Trabajo de Fin de Grado (TFG) es estudiar la relación que hay entre la obesidad, el sedentarismo y la realización de actividad física en niños y niñas en edad escolar. Se habla de la prevención como factor determinante de la obesidad y de los factores por los cuales se producen tanto esta enfermedad como el sedentarismo. Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica y se ha diseñado una intervención para el 4º curso de Educación Primaria que no se ha podido llevar a cabo., Obesity and sedentary lifestyle are two problems that are directly related to physical activity. In addition, both are currently very widespread, due to different factors such as genetic inheritance, the normalization of physical inactivity in today's society, technological development, etc. The purpose of this Final Degree Project (TFG) is to study the relationship between obesity, sedentary lifestyle and physical activity in school-age boys and girls. Prevention is discussed as a determining factor of obesity and the factors by which both this disease and a sedentary lifestyle occur. A bibliographic review has been carried out and an intervention has been designed for the 4th year of Primary Education that has not been carried out

В статье рассматриваются особенности развития мышления старшеклассников. Автор приходит к выводу, что одним из средств развития образного мышления является моделирование, в частности геометрическое моделирование на уроках математики., Development of thinking-a change in content and form,which are formed in the process of cognitive activity of the child.Senior school age-it's time to search and discover. The activity of thought in these years and the kind of productive thinking are found in unexpected, fantastical assumptions and "theories". Free operation of spatial images is a fundamental skill that combines different types of educational and labor activities. Based on the above, in our opinion, one of the tools for the development of creative thinking is modeling, in particular geometric modeling in mathematics lessons.

В статье рассматриваются особенности развития мышления старшеклассников. Автор приходит к выводу, что одним из средств развития образного мышления является моделирование, в частности геометрическое моделирование на уроках математики., Development of thinking-a change in content and form,which are formed in the process of cognitive activity of the child.Senior school age-it's time to search and discover. The activity of thought in these years and the kind of productive thinking are found in unexpected, fantastical assumptions and "theories". Free operation of spatial images is a fundamental skill that combines different types of educational and labor activities. Based on the above, in our opinion, one of the tools for the development of creative thinking is modeling, in particular geometric modeling in mathematics lessons.

Anxiety is the main manifestation of stress in competitive sport. This study evaluates anxiety control in school-age sport, according to gender, age, type of sport (individual / team) and sports modality. The research follows a descriptive quantitative methodology, using a survey. The sample was composed of 816 young athletes aged between 12 and 18 (411 men and 405 women), who practise different individual and team sports in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). The sample size was calculated taking several aspects into consideration: the population is infinite; the population variance was calculated according to the worst-case scenario where “P” and “Q” are equal with 50% each; and the confidence interval was 95.5%, with a margin of error of ± 3.5%. The questionnaire used was Psychological Characteristics related to Sports Performance (CPRD). The results show statistically significant differences in relation to gender, since men have greater anxiety control. No statistically significant differences appear in relation to age, type of sport (individual / team) and sports modality. Likewise, correlations are evident with other relevant psychological dimensions such as motivation, influence of performance evaluation and mental ability, with the exception of team cohesion. Prevention measures should be implemented by coaches / educators, parents and young athletes, in order to strengthen their levels of self-confidence and simultaneously reduce the levels of anxiety generated in school-age sports.

Anxiety is the main manifestation of stress in competitive sport. This study evaluates anxiety control in school-age sport, according to gender, age, type of sport (individual / team) and sports modality. The research follows a descriptive quantitative methodology, using a survey. The sample was composed of 816 young athletes aged between 12 and 18 (411 men and 405 women), who practise different individual and team sports in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). The sample size was calculated taking several aspects into consideration: the population is infinite; the population variance was calculated according to the worst-case scenario where “P” and “Q” are equal with 50% each; and the confidence interval was 95.5%, with a margin of error of ± 3.5%. The questionnaire used was Psychological Characteristics related to Sports Performance (CPRD). The results show statistically significant differences in relation to gender, since men have greater anxiety control. No statistically significant differences appear in relation to age, type of sport (individual / team) and sports modality. Likewise, correlations are evident with other relevant psychological dimensions such as motivation, influence of performance evaluation and mental ability, with the exception of team cohesion. Prevention measures should be implemented by coaches / educators, parents and young athletes, in order to strengthen their levels of self-confidence and simultaneously reduce the levels of anxiety generated in school-age sports.

Anxiety is the main manifestation of stress in competitive sport. This study evaluates anxiety control in school-age sport, according to gender, age, type of sport (individual / team) and sports modality. The research follows a descriptive quantitative methodology, using a survey. The sample was composed of 816 young athletes aged between 12 and 18 (411 men and 405 women), who practise different individual and team sports in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). The sample size was calculated taking several aspects into consideration: the population is infinite; the population variance was calculated according to the worst-case scenario where “P” and “Q” are equal with 50% each; and the confidence interval was 95.5%, with a margin of error of ± 3.5%. The questionnaire used was Psychological Characteristics related to Sports Performance (CPRD). The results show statistically significant differences in relation to gender, since men have greater anxiety control. No statistically significant differences appear in relation to age, type of sport (individual / team) and sports modality. Likewise, correlations are evident with other relevant psychological dimensions such as motivation, influence of performance evaluation and mental ability, with the exception of team cohesion. Prevention measures should be implemented by coaches / educators, parents and young athletes, in order to strengthen their levels of self-confidence and simultaneously reduce the levels of anxiety generated in school-age sports.

Background: Eating habits that are currently owned by elementary school age children are difficult to eat with amoung should be three times a day according to the needs, one of them is breakfast. When they didn't breakfast before went to school they will deficiency of intake. Energy that can cause the children quickly experience fatigue and less to concentration for accepting the lesson in the school. Psycomotor test reaction time is the interval between receiving stimulus with a respon do main which includes movement behaviour and physical coordination, motor skills.Objectives: The purpose of this research is to analyze test time reaction psychomotor and to provides an overview of thetime difference reaction between students who breakfast and did not have breakfastMethods: This study is an observational study using cross sectional design. The sample in this study was school children aged 9-12 years much as 100 children by measuring the reaction time of students who had breakfast or not breakfast with a special tool called Body ReactionResults: The result showed that of 45 % students have a habit of breakfast and at 55 % students do not have a habit of breakfast with psychomotor test time reaction between students who breakfast is better than the students who did not breakfast( p-value 0.01<0.05 ).Conclusions: There is the differencein psychomotor test time reaction between students who breakfast and did not have breakfast.Explained that the students also took a chance breakfast first before he left school, because with breakfast will be triggered growth and maximize the capability of at school.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kebiasaan makan yang saat ini dimiliki oleh anak usia sekolah dasar adalah sulitnya untuk makan dengan jumlah yang seharusnya yaitu 3 kali dalam sehari sesuai dengan kebutuhan, salah satunya adalah sarapan. Disaat mereka tidak sarapan sebelum berangkat ke sekolah mereka akan kekurangan asupan energi yang dapat menyebabkan anak tersebut cepat mengal

The aim of this study was to determine if there is a direct association between an intervention program through vigorous-to-intense physical activity and the improvement of certain values of the lipid profile through a fasting analysis of triglycerides and glucose. The sample was composed of 116 schoolchildren between the ages of 3 and 16 (52 boys and 64 girls). A biochemical analysis was used to evaluate the health parameters through a blood draw carried out by the medical staff of the Murcian Health Department. The intervention was carried out 3 times per week during 12 weeks. Through games, rule modification and variations of these, it was favored the use of short repetitions of vigorous and high intensity in races, throws and jumps. The statistical analysis was carried out with the statistical package SPSS 15.0.1 for Windows 8 Pro. It was found an association between the program and the improvement in glucose levels, but not in triglycerides. Furthermore, the improvements were equally significant in males and females of Primary and Secondary Education, but not in Pre-School Education.

This study analyses motivation in sport in school age by gender, age, sports discipline, and type of sport (individual-team). Research methodology is descriptive, based on a quantitative design employing a questionnaire. The sample is composed by 816 individuals (411 males and 405 females) (50.4% males and 49.6% females) aged between 12 and 18, who practice different individual and team sports in the Spanish region of Castilla- La Mancha. The questionnaire applied is the «Psychological Characteristics related to Sporting Performance» (CPRD). Results did not show statistically significant differences in relation to gender, age and sports discipline. Nevertheless, our findings showed statistically significant differences in relation to type of sport, as sportsmen/sportswomen who play team sports showed higher levels of motivation compared to sportsmen/ sportswomen who participate in individual sports. The outcomes showed that motivation is statistically and positively correlated with all the other dimensions, which means that sportsmen/sportswomen’s higher level of motivation is associated with a tendency to possess higher levels of the other dimensions. This conclusion may entail that promoting motivation in sportsmen/sportswomen is essential for the attainment of goals and objectives that athletes set for themsleves., Este estudio analiza el estado de motivación en el deporte en edad escolar, en función del género, edad, modalidad deportiva y tipo de deporte (individual-colectivo). La investigación sigue una metodología cuantitativa de corte descriptivo, a través de la encuesta. El tamaño de la muestra es de 816 personas (411 hombres y 405 mujeres) (50.4% varones y 49.6% mujeres) entre 12 y 18 años, que practican diferentes deportes individuales y colectivos en Castilla-La Mancha. El cuestionario utilizado fue el de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD). Los resultados no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas de motivación en relación con el género y la edad. Sin embargo, si aparecieron diferencias significativas de motivación en relación con el tipo de deporte, ya que los/las deportistas que practican deportes colectivos mostraron mayores niveles de motivación con respecto a los/las deportistas que practican deportes individuales. Los resultados mostraron que la motivación se relaciona estadísticamente con todas las otras dimensiones, teniendo ésta una dirección positiva, es decir a mayor nivel de motivación obtenido por el/la deportista, tendería a poseer mayores niveles de las otras dimensiones. Esta conclusión lleva a pensar que el trabajo de la motivación en los/las deportistas es relevante para la consecución de las metas y de los objetivos que se proponen.

The aim of this study was to determine if there is a direct association between an intervention program through vigorous-to-intense physical activity and the improvement of certain values of the lipid profile through a fasting analysis of triglycerides and glucose. The sample was composed of 116 schoolchildren between the ages of 3 and 16 (52 boys and 64 girls). A biochemical analysis was used to evaluate the health parameters through a blood draw carried out by the medical staff of the Murcian Health Department. The intervention was carried out 3 times per week during 12 weeks. Through games, rule modification and variations of these, it was favored the use of short repetitions of vigorous and high intensity in races, throws and jumps. The statistical analysis was carried out with the statistical package SPSS 15.0.1 for Windows 8 Pro. It was found an association between the program and the improvement in glucose levels, but not in triglycerides. Furthermore, the improvements were equally significant in males and females of Primary and Secondary Education, but not in Pre-School Education.

Despite many works concerning school maturity in Poland, there are only few that focus only on emotional aspects of social behaviours of children who are to start school education. Interest in this issue started increasing when educational authorities announced lowering the age of compulsory education. Majority of available studies concerns evaluation and abilities of children referring to their cognitive possibilities. Although they are very important for the children’s further development, the reasons for success are rather related to emotional and social intelligence. This article presents the research results concerning socio‑emotional competenciesof future pupils of the first year of primary school. Pedagogical observation comprises children from two years remaining at preschool before starting school education. The goal of the study was to present social and emotional state of the 6- and 7-year-old children after cancellation of, so called, “six-year-olds law”.

The postural habits are consolidated during childhood and adolescence. It has been recorded in the last decades a significant increase of the back pain and spinal misalignments increasingly at younger ages, possibly due to muscle imbalances. In this context, the Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (GEG), sport that born during the early nineteenth century in northern Europe, to whom recent studies attribute significant health and postural benefits. In addition to the educational values that are associated with different gymnastic sports, this artistic, expressive and group sport is based on a especially careful regulation that promote the acquisition of beneficial postural and hygiene habits., Los hábitos posturales se forman y consolidan durante la infancia y la adolescencia, habiéndose registrado en las últimas décadas un aumento notable de los problemas de dolor de espalda y desalineaciones del raquis cada vez a más temprana edad, posiblemente debido a desequilibrios musculares. En este contexto se presenta la Gimnasia Estética de Grupo (GEG), especialidad que nace durante el movimiento gimnástico de principios del siglo XIX en el norte de Europa, y a la que estudios recientes le atribuyen beneficios notables sobre la salud postural. Además de las trasferencias educativas y de valores que están asociadas a las diferentes modalidades deportivas gimnásticas, esta modalidad deportiva artística, expresiva y grupal se apoya en un reglamento deportivo especialmente cuidado para potenciar la adquisición de hábitos posturales e higiénicos beneficiosos para la salud del raquis de los gimnastas.

Promoting physical activity is an essential strategy for maintaining health and preventing disease in the global population. The promotion of healthy lifestyles with emphasis on physical activity at an early age, taking advantage of the school environment will favor the adoption of healthy lifestyles and will guarantee the health of the future adult. The aim of the present study was to characterize the level of physical activity in the school population. Methodology: a cross-sectional descriptive study, the instrument for data collection was PAQ-C, it was applied to a sample of 247 students aged between 6 and 12 years. The results indicate that the population practices physical activity., Promover la actividad física es una estrategia esencial para mantener la salud y prevenir la enfermedad en la población global. La promoción de los estilos de vida saludable con énfasis en la actividad física en edades tempranas aprovechando el ámbito escolar favorecerá la adopción de los estilos de vida saludable y garantizará la salud del adulto futuro. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar el nivel de actividad física en población escolar. Metodologia: es un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, el instrumento para recolección de la información fuè el PAQ-C, se le aplicò a una muestra de 247 escolares en edades comprendidas entre 6 y 12 años. Los resultados indican que la población practica actividad física.

Introduction: Since serial ordering has an important role in both language development and learning abilities, the present study aims to describe a new instrument, the Sequential Reasoning Task (SRT), specifically designed to assess children’s ability to place events in temporal order. Methods: Participants were 200 typically developing children, ranging from 3 to 8 years of age. Each child was individually administered a battery of cognitive and linguistic tasks. Results: The scores obtained in the SRT by children at different age levels appeared to be significantly different (except for 6- and 7-year-old children). Moreover, the scores obtained in the task were significantly related to the children’s non-verbal and linguistic competence. Conclusions: The SRT appeared to be a valid instrument to assess children’s sequential reasoning skills. It is engaging for children and easy to be administered also by teachers and therapists.

Introduction: Since serial ordering has an important role in both language development and learning abilities, the present study aims to describe a new instrument, the Sequential Reasoning Task (SRT), specifically designed to assess children’s ability to place events in temporal order. Methods: Participants were 200 typically developing children, ranging from 3 to 8 years of age. Each child was individually administered a battery of cognitive and linguistic tasks. Results: The scores obtained in the SRT by children at different age levels appeared to be significantly different (except for 6- and 7-year-old children). Moreover, the scores obtained in the task were significantly related to the children’s non-verbal and linguistic competence. Conclusions: The SRT appeared to be a valid instrument to assess children’s sequential reasoning skills. It is engaging for children and easy to be administered also by teachers and therapists.

The aim of this study was to examine differences and associations concerning physical activity and cognitive functioning among children born preterm in comparison to those born full term. The sample consisted of 130 children at early school age (mean = 7.8 years), born at a gestational age (GA) of 23 - 42 weeks, and categorized into three groups; children born full term (GA 39 - 42), moderately preterm (GA 34 – 36) and very preterm (GA 23 - 33). Physical activities were perceived from parents’ ratings by use of the Child behaviour checklist (CBCL), and cognitive functioning by WISC-IV. Results showed that children born moderately preterm performed comparable to children born full term, both regarding physical activity ratings and cognitive performance. Children born very preterm were found to have significantly poorer full scale IQ, lower physical performance, fewer sport activities, and were less lateralized, in comparison to both children born full term and those born moderately preterm. Conclusion: a very preterm birth seems to generate long-term effects on physical activities, sport performance and cognitive functioning. Thus, more focus should be paid to children born at a very low GA to identify early deviations and to provide interventions to improve cognitive functioning and enhance physical performance; also in contexts other than sport activities., Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka skillnader och samband mellan fysisk aktivitet och kognitivt fungerande inom gruppen för tidigt födda barn och i jämförelse med fullgångna barn. Urvalet bestod av 130 barn i tidig skolålder (medel = 7.8 år), födda i gestationsålder (GA) mellan 23 – 42 veckor kategoriserade i tre grupper; fullgångna barn (GA 39 – 42), moderat förtidigt födda (GA 34 – 36) och mycket förtidigt födda (GA 23 – 33). Fysisk aktivitet undersöktes utifrån föräldrars skattning genom användande av Child behaviour checklist (CBCL) och kognitivt fungerande utifrån WISC-IV. Resultaten visade att de moderat för tidigt födda barnen presterade jämförbart med de fullgångna barnen både vad beträffar fysisk aktivitet och kognitivt fungerande. De mycket för tidigt födda barnen visade sig ha signifikant sämre fullskale-IQ, lägre sportsliga prestationer, färre antal sporter och var mindre lateraliserade, jämfört med både de fullgångna barnen och de moderat förtidigt födda. Slutsats: en mycket förtidig födsel tycks generera långvariga effekter på fysiska aktiviteter, sportsliga prestationer och kognitivt fungerande. Således bör större fokus läggas på barn födda med en mycket låg GA för att identifiera tidiga avvikelser och tillhandahålla interventioner för att förbättra kognitivt fungerande och stimulera/förhöja fysiska prestationer; även i andra kontexter än sportsliga aktiviteter.

The player of volleyball must be ready to carry out a large quantity of leaps per games, perform very quick displacements, and go over distances in repeated interventions with violent changes of direction and abrupt stops. The majority of actions are accompanied with jumps, these short and intense efforts are performed with the involvement of the neuromuscular system and the energy anaerobes mechanisms,mainly the |alactácido|. The work that is presented here shows the study carried out to the athletes from the Pinar del Río school teamat ages 13-15 years, with the objective to know their physical-functionalfeatures. To meet this goal scientific methodsfrom theoretical and empirical levels, like documents revision and measurement, were used which allowed proposed objectives fulfilment. The obtained results offer a group of important about morpho functionalfeatures of the studiedathletes which will facilitate valuable information to the trainers that will orientate the work of the training program., El jugador de voleibol debe estar preparado para realizar una gran cantidad de acciones por juego, desplazamientos muy rápidos, recorrer distancias en repetidas intervenciones, con violentos cambios de dirección y bruscas detenciones. La mayoría de estas acciones van acompañadas con saltos, estos esfuerzos cortos e intensos se realizan con la intervención del sistema neuromuscular y los mecanismos energéticos anaerobios, predominantemente el alactácido. El trabajo que se presenta muestra el estudio de las atletas del equipo femenino de voleibol escolar ¡3-15 años de edad), de Pinar de Río, con el objetivo de conocer su estado físico-funcional.Para ello, se tuvo en cuenta la utilización de métodos científicos,teóricos y empíricos, como la revisión documental y la medición, que garantizaron el cumplimiento de los objetivos propuestos. Los resultados obtenidos ofrecen una serie de datos importantes sobre las particularidades morfo- funcionales de las atletas estudiadas, que propiciarán una valiosa información a los entrenadores que les permitirá direccionar el trabajo en el sentido de la programación del entrenamiento.

The aim of this study was to examine differences and associations concerning physical activity and cognitive functioning among children born preterm in comparison to those born full term. The sample consisted of 130 children at early school age (mean = 7.8 years), born at a gestational age (GA) of 23 - 42 weeks, and categorized into three groups; children born full term (GA 39 - 42), moderately preterm (GA 34 – 36) and very preterm (GA 23 - 33). Physical activities were perceived from parents’ ratings by use of the Child behaviour checklist (CBCL), and cognitive functioning by WISC-IV. Results showed that children born moderately preterm performed comparable to children born full term, both regarding physical activity ratings and cognitive performance. Children born very preterm were found to have significantly poorer full scale IQ, lower physical performance, fewer sport activities, and were less lateralized, in comparison to both children born full term and those born moderately preterm. Conclusion: a very preterm birth seems to generate long-term effects on physical activities, sport performance and cognitive functioning. Thus, more focus should be paid to children born at a very low GA to identify early deviations and to provide interventions to improve cognitive functioning and enhance physical performance; also in contexts other than sport activities., Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka skillnader och samband mellan fysisk aktivitet och kognitivt fungerande inom gruppen för tidigt födda barn och i jämförelse med fullgångna barn. Urvalet bestod av 130 barn i tidig skolålder (medel = 7.8 år), födda i gestationsålder (GA) mellan 23 – 42 veckor kategoriserade i tre grupper; fullgångna barn (GA 39 – 42), moderat förtidigt födda (GA 34 – 36) och mycket förtidigt födda (GA 23 – 33). Fysisk aktivitet undersöktes utifrån föräldrars skattning genom användande av Child behaviour checklist (CBCL) och kognitivt fungerande utifrån WISC-IV. Resultaten visade att de moderat för tidigt födda barnen presterade jämförbart med de fullgångna barnen både vad beträffar fysisk aktivitet och kognitivt fungerande. De mycket för tidigt födda barnen visade sig ha signifikant sämre fullskale-IQ, lägre sportsliga prestationer, färre antal sporter och var mindre lateraliserade, jämfört med både de fullgångna barnen och de moderat förtidigt födda. Slutsats: en mycket förtidig födsel tycks generera långvariga effekter på fysiska aktiviteter, sportsliga prestationer och kognitivt fungerande. Således bör större fokus läggas på barn födda med en mycket låg GA för att identifiera tidiga avvikelser och tillhandahålla interventioner för att förbättra kognitivt fungerande och stimulera/förhöja fysiska prestationer; även i andra kontexter än sportsliga aktiviteter.

The purpose of this study was to explore the meanings of the relationship of school-age siblings of brothers or sisters with Down syndrome in order to gain a greater understanding of the lived experience from the view point of the school-age sibling. Sibling spend more time together than any other family subsystem and siblings actively shape one another’s lives and prepare each other for future experiences. With children with Down syndrome living into their 60’s, the question regarding the sibling relationship is becoming an important focus due to the possible demands on the sibling to care for the individual with Down syndrome. Therefore, it is important to understand the sibling relationship at an early stage of their lives and what the lived experience is for the sibling. The framework for this study was developed from the author’s worldview of reciprocal interaction and epistemology of constructionism. The influences of the environment and other individuals on the sibling supported the use of the theoretical framework of Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological System Theory. The notion that children are continually evolving holistic individuals who are developing through task achievements and, with the influences of family members, supported the use of Erikson’s psychosocial developmental theory. These two theories were combined to frame this study. Interpretive phenomenology was used as the method of research in this study. The sample consisted of seven school-age siblings, between the ages of eight to eleven years of age, of children with Down syndrome. Data analysis involved the use of the hermeneutic circle. From the analysis emerged seven themes: always together, tolerance, intense love, responsibility for my brother or sister, things will change when child with Down syndrome gets better, no difference from other families, and impact on other relationships. Two themes provided new information about the meaning of the lived experience of being a sibling, always toget

Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou agresivity dětí školního věku. Teoretická část se na úvod věnuje vymezení základních pojmů, charakterizuje vývojové období školního věku z pohledu předních vývojových teorií a popisuje možné příčiny vzniku agresivity v tomto období. Dále se věnuje typologii agresivního chování a druhům agrese a jejím projevům. V neposlední řadě se zabývá prevencí tohoto jevu, terapií a omezení projevů agresivního chování u dětí školního věku. V praktické části je proveden kvantitativní výzkum, kde pomocí metody pozorování a dotazníkového šetření budeme analyzovat četnost a typ výskytu agresivního chování u dětí na vybrané základní škole., The thesis deals with the issue of aggression schoolchildren. The theoretical part is devoted to home basic concepts, describes the development period of school age from the perspective of the leading evolutionary theories and describe possible causes of aggression in that period. He also discusses the typology of aggressive behaviour and modes of aggression and its manifestations. Finally, it deals with the prevention of this phenomenon, therapies and limitations of aggression among school children. The practical part is conducted quantitative research, using methods of observation which we analyse the frequency of occurrence and type of aggressive behaviour in children at chosen primary school., Fakulta filozofická

Problematic sleep can be detrimental to the development of important cognitive functions, such as working memory, and may have the potential for negative behavioral consequences, such as risk-taking. In this way, sleep problems may be particularly harmful for youth-whose cognitive abilities are still developing and who are more susceptible to risky behavior. Using data from a large, national, longitudinal study, continuity and change in sleep problems were examined from 2 to 15 years of age and associated with deficits in working memory at age 15 and risk taking behaviors at age 18. Participants (N = 1,364 children; 48.3% female) were assessed for sleep problems (parent-report), working memory (behavioral task), and risk taking behavior (youth self-report). The sample was predominantly White (80.4%); additional races represented in the sample included Black/African American (12.9%), Asian/Pacific Islander (1.6%), American Indian/Eskimo/Aleut (.4%), and Other (4.7%). The findings suggest that sleep problems are likely to cascade across development, with sleep problems demonstrating continuity from infancy to early childhood, early childhood to middle childhood, and middle childhood to adolescence. Although sleep problems in infancy, early childhood, and middle childhood were not directly related to adolescent working memory, sleep problems during adolescence were associated with poorer adolescent working memory. In turn, these deficits in working memory were related to greater risk taking in late adolescence. In summary, the present results suggest that sleep problems in earlier periods are indicative of risk for sleep problems later in development, but that sleep problems in adolescence contribute uniquely to deficits in working memory that, in turn, lead to risky behavior during late adolescence.

The association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and suicide ideation was examined in a sample of 2,298 child survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake. Results indicated that intrusion, avoidance, hyperarousal symptom clusters, and PTSD total score were significantly associated with suicide ideation. Except for intrusion, other measures of PTSD remained as statistically significant correlates of suicide ideation even after controlling for age, gender, direct exposure, indirect exposure, and depression. Furthermore, results showed that PTSD symptoms had an indirect influence on suicide ideation that was mediated by depression. The findings suggest that avoidance and hyperarousal symptom clusters of PTSD may be two important indicators of suicide ideation among child survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake. Implications of the results for intervention and prevention of suicide behavior are discussed.

Представлена система комунікацій сімейного лікаря зі збереження здоров’я дітей шкільного віку. Форми і методи комунікацій визначаються цільовою аудиторією: діти, батьки, вчителі та стан здоров’я дітей. Особливістю даної системи є комплексний міжсекторальний підхід., Представлена система коммуникаций семейного врача по сохранению здоровья детей школьного возраста. Формы и методы коммуникаций определяются целевой аудиторией: дети, родители, учителя и состояние здоровья детей. Особенностью данной системы является комплексный межсекторальный подход., The system of communication of the family doctor to preserve the health of schoolchildren is presented. The forms and methods of communication are determined by the target auditory: children, parents, teachers and children's health. The peculiarity of this system is an integrated cross-sectoral approach.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá způsobem trávení volného času dětí v obci Blatec. Cílem celé práce bylo zjistit, zda jsou rodiče, kteří žijí v obci Blatec, spokojeni s volnočasovými aktivitami pro své děti v obci. V teoretické části práce jsou vymezeny pojmy volný čas, funkce volného času, činitelé, kteří ovlivňují volný čas dětí, prevence patologických jevů a instituce pro volný čas, občanské sdružení a jeho založení. V druhé polovině teoretické části bylo třeba nastínit historii a současnost obce Blatec, kde probíhal výzkum pro praktickou část práce. Praktická část obsahuje přípravu metodiky kvantitativního výzkumu, který byl realizován za pomocí dotazníkového šetření., This thesis deals with spending time of the children in the village Blatec. The aim of the thesis was to determine whether the parents are satisfied with their leisure activities for children in the community Blatec. The theoretical part defines the concepts of leisure, time, function, factors that affect the free time of children, prevention of pathological phenomena and institutions for leisure, civic association and its foundation. In the second half of the theoretical part, it was necessary to outline the history and present of the village Blatec where the research was conducted. The practical part includes preparation of the methodology of quantitative research, which was conducted using questionnaires., Ústav pedagogických věd

The association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and suicide ideation was examined in a sample of 2,298 child survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake. Results indicated that intrusion, avoidance, hyperarousal symptom clusters, and PTSD total score were significantly associated with suicide ideation. Except for intrusion, other measures of PTSD remained as statistically significant correlates of suicide ideation even after controlling for age, gender, direct exposure, indirect exposure, and depression. Furthermore, results showed that PTSD symptoms had an indirect influence on suicide ideation that was mediated by depression. The findings suggest that avoidance and hyperarousal symptom clusters of PTSD may be two important indicators of suicide ideation among child survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake. Implications of the results for intervention and prevention of suicide behavior are discussed.

Problematic sleep can be detrimental to the development of important cognitive functions, such as working memory, and may have the potential for negative behavioral consequences, such as risk-taking. In this way, sleep problems may be particularly harmful for youth-whose cognitive abilities are still developing and who are more susceptible to risky behavior. Using data from a large, national, longitudinal study, continuity and change in sleep problems were examined from 2 to 15 years of age and associated with deficits in working memory at age 15 and risk taking behaviors at age 18. Participants (N = 1,364 children; 48.3% female) were assessed for sleep problems (parent-report), working memory (behavioral task), and risk taking behavior (youth self-report). The sample was predominantly White (80.4%); additional races represented in the sample included Black/African American (12.9%), Asian/Pacific Islander (1.6%), American Indian/Eskimo/Aleut (.4%), and Other (4.7%). The findings suggest that sleep problems are likely to cascade across development, with sleep problems demonstrating continuity from infancy to early childhood, early childhood to middle childhood, and middle childhood to adolescence. Although sleep problems in infancy, early childhood, and middle childhood were not directly related to adolescent working memory, sleep problems during adolescence were associated with poorer adolescent working memory. In turn, these deficits in working memory were related to greater risk taking in late adolescence. In summary, the present results suggest that sleep problems in earlier periods are indicative of risk for sleep problems later in development, but that sleep problems in adolescence contribute uniquely to deficits in working memory that, in turn, lead to risky behavior during late adolescence.

The goal of the present study was to determine if there was a direct association between an intervention program through vigorous physical activity, and the improvement in cholesterol. A sample of 116 schoolchildren between the ages of 6 and 11 (52 boys and 64 girls) was used. To evaluate the health parameters, a biochemical analysis was used through a blood test carried out by the health staff from the Murcia Health Service. The intervention was carried out three days a week for 12 weeks. Through game forms, a modification and variations of the rules, the apparition of short vigorous-to-intense repetitions of races, jumps and throws were favored. The statistical analysis was developed with the statistical package SPSS 15.0.1 for Windows 8 pro. Association was found between the program and the improvement of cholesterol values. In addition, the improvement was significant for boys as well as for girls., El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si existe asociación directa entre un programa de intervención mediante actividad física vigorosa y la mejora en colesterol. Se contó con una muestra de 116 escolares de 6 y 11 años (52 chicos y 64 chicas). Para evaluar los parámetros saludables se empleó un análisis bioquímico a través de extracción sanguínea realizada por el personal sanitario del servicio murciano de salud. La intervención se realizó tres días a la semana durante 12 semanas. Mediante formas jugadas, a través de modificaciones de reglas y variantes de las mismas, se favorecía que apareciesen repeticiones cortas a vigorosa y alta intensidad en carreras, lanzamientos y saltos. El análisis estadístico se desarrolló con el paquete estadístico SPSS 15.0.1 para Windows 8 pro. Se encontró asociación entre el programa y la mejora en los valores de colesterol. Además las mejoras fueron significativas por igual tanto en chicos como en chicas.

This study examined the relationships of trauma exposure and control beliefs with posttraumatic growth (PTG) in a sample of adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake (Time 1 n = 788, Time 2 n = 243). Results suggested that two aspects of exposure severity (indirect exposure and worry about others) had significantly positive associations with concurrently measured PTG, but only indirect exposure was significantly correlated with changes in PTG from Time 1 to Time 2. Primary and secondary control beliefs were also found to be significantly correlated with concurrently measured PTG, but only secondary control beliefs were significantly associated with changes in PTG. In addition, primary control beliefs moderated the association between worry about others and concurrently measured PTG as well as changes in PTG. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for psychological service providers to adolescents who have had traumatic experiences. © 2013 American Psychological Association.

This study examined the relationships of trauma exposure and control beliefs with posttraumatic growth (PTG) in a sample of adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake (Time 1 n = 788, Time 2 n = 243). Results suggested that two aspects of exposure severity (indirect exposure and worry about others) had significantly positive associations with concurrently measured PTG, but only indirect exposure was significantly correlated with changes in PTG from Time 1 to Time 2. Primary and secondary control beliefs were also found to be significantly correlated with concurrently measured PTG, but only secondary control beliefs were significantly associated with changes in PTG. In addition, primary control beliefs moderated the association between worry about others and concurrently measured PTG as well as changes in PTG. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for psychological service providers to adolescents who have had traumatic experiences. © 2013 American Psychological Association.

The presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits designates a subgroup of antisocial youth at risk for severe, aggressive, and stable conduct problems. As a result, these traits should be considered as part of the criteria for conduct disorder. The present study tests 2 possible symptom sets (4- and 9-item criteria sets) of CU traits that could be used in diagnostic classification, assessed using self-report with a sample of 643 incarcerated adolescent (M age = 16.50, SD = 1.63 years) boys (n = 493) and girls (n = 150). Item response theory analysis was employed to examine the unique characteristics of each criterion comprising the 2 sets to determine their clinical utility. Results indicated that most items comprising the measure of CU traits demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Whereas the 9-item criteria set provided more information and was internally consistent, the briefer 4-item set was equally effective at identifying youth at-risk for poor outcomes associated with the broader CU construct. Supporting the clinical utility of the criteria sets, incarcerated boys and girls who endorsed high levels of CU symptoms across criteria sets were particularly at-risk for proactive aggression and violent delinquency.

An investigation into the suicide attempt at school age in the town Guantanamo is done in 2011 with the aim of characterizing the behavior of some risk factors. Universe was consisted by 84 schoolchildren, age between 5 and 19 years, who made the attempt or self-inflicted injury and their guardians, too. Among the results were found the following: up trend in recent years, difficulties in monitoring for basic health teams (EBS) and mental health teams (ESM). It was concluded that, there is a program attention to suicide attempt, and doctors are not satisfied with the patient evolution as is established in the program., Se realiza una investigación sobre el intento suicida en la edad escolar en el municipio Guantánamo durante el año 2011 con el objetivo de caracterizar el comportamiento de algunos factores de riesgo en pacientes con intento suicida en edad escolar en el municipio Guantánamo durante el año 2011. El universo de estudio está constituido por los 84 escolares, en edades comprendidas entre 5 y 19 años, que realizaron el intento o lesión autoinflingida y sus tutores. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos se encontró: tendencia ascendente en los últimos años, dificultades en el seguimiento por los equipos básicos de salud (EBS) y equipos de salud mental (ESM). Se concluyó que a pesar de que existe un programa de atención a la conducta suicida, existe un subregistro del intento suicida y no se cumple con el ingreso y seguimiento de estos pacientes como está establecido.

An investigation into the suicide attempt is made at school age in the town Guantanamo during 2011 with the aim of characterizing the medical monitoring of suicidal intent in these patients of school age .The study group consisted of 84 school children, ages between 5 and 19 years, who made the attempt or self-injury and their guardians. Among the results were obtained: upward trend in recent years, difficulties in monitoring basic health teams (EBS) and mental health teams (ESM). As a conclusion although, there is a program of care for suicidal behavior, there is underreporting of suicide attempt .The admission and follow-up of these patients are not done in a correct way., Se realiza una investigación sobre el intento suicida en la edad escolar en el municipio Guantánamo durante el año 2011 con el objetivo de caracterizar el seguimiento médico del intento suicida en pacientes en edad escolar en el municipio Guantánamo durante el año 2011. El universo de estudio está constituido por los 84 escolares, en edades comprendidas entre 5 y 19 años, que realizaron el intento o lesión autoinfligida y sus tutores. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos se encuentra: tendencia ascendente en los últimos años, dificultades en el seguimiento por los equipos básicos de salud (EBS) y equipos de salud mental (ESM). Se concluye que a pesar de que existe un programa de atención a la conducta suicida, existe un subregistro del intento suicida y no se cumple con el ingreso y seguimiento de estos pacientes como está establecido.

The present study takes a motivational perspective that views youths' educational and career engagement as influential and potentially competing for the same motivational resources in the transition to adulthood. We investigated whether motivational engagement with educational and career goals in the year after high-school graduation was differentially associated with educational, career-related and subjective well-being outcomes 2 and 4 years after school graduation. Our longitudinal study of a multi-ethnic sample of Los Angeles high-school graduates followed participants 2 years (N = 561; 61.5 % female) and 4 years (N = 364; 59.8 % female) after high school graduation. The findings indicate that motivational engagement with educational goals after high school graduation predicted educational attainments and psychological well-being at follow-up 2 and 4 years after graduation, and occupational progress at 4 years after graduation. Work hours assessed shortly after high school graduation were associated with poorer educational outcomes both at 2 and 4 years after high school. Occupational goal engagement was not associated with better outcomes, but predicted less educational attainment 4 years after graduating. Thus, educational goal engagement predicted favorable outcomes, whereas career-related goal engagement for the most part was neutral with some select associations with negative educational outcomes. A strong motivational commitment to educational goals, but not to career goals, is an important component of a successful transition to adulthood.

Πτυχιακή εργασία--Σχολή Επαγγελμάτων Υγείας και Πρόνοιας--Τμήμα Νοσηλευτικής, 2009, αα 588, Οι μαθησιακές δυσκολίες είναι διαταραχές που έχουν επιπτώσεις στην ικανότητα χρήσης του προφορικού και γραπτού λόγου. Παρόλο που οι διαταραχές αυτές εμφανίζονται σε πολύ μικρή ηλικία, ωστόσο δεν μπορούν να αναγνωριστούν πριν τη σχολική ηλικία. Είναι σημαντικό να αναφερθεί ότι το 3% των παιδιών που γεννιούνται έχουν κάποιο πρόβλημα νοητικής ανάπτυξης και τα 2/3 είναι αγόρια. Επίσης το 1/3 των παιδιών προσχολικής ηλικίας βρίσκονται σε επικινδυνότητα για σχολική αποτυχία. Συχνά είναι αρκετά δύσκολα να διακριθούν τα παιδιά με ειδικές μαθησιακές δυσκολίες από τα παιδιά με αναπτυξιακές ανεπάρκειες. Βασικό κριτήριο για αυτή τη διάκριση είναι τα κατώτερα όρια του δείκτη νοημοσύνης. Μερικά από τα συμπτώματα είναι διάσπαση της προσοχής, υπερκινητικότητα, απειθαρχία, ανώριμος λόγος. Ο σκοπός της συμβουλευτικής χαρακτηρίζεται από την ικανότητα που έχει το άτομο να αποφασίζει, να πραγματοποιεί και να επιτυγχάνει τις επιλογές του διατηρώντας ισορροπημένη την ψυχική του υγεία και ο οποίος διακρίνεται σε α) διαγνωστικός, β) προγνωστικός, γ) ενημερωτικός, δ) ψυχολογικός και ε) θεραπευτικός. Η συμβουλευτική ψυχολογία είναι η σχέση κατά την οποία είτε κατά τρόπο ομαδικό είτε κατά τρόπο ατομικό ένας ειδικός συνεξετάζει με ένα άτομο ή ομάδα ατόμων τα προβλήματα που έχει το άτομο και προσπαθούν να βρουν μια λύση μαζί. Η συμβουλευτική γονέων είναι ιδιαίτερα χρήσιμη, γιατί δίνει λύσεις όχι μόνο στα καθημερινά προβλήματα, αλλά και στις μακροχρόνιες δυσκολίες που μπορεί να αντιμετωπίζει μια οικογένεια. Οι χώροι ένταξης περιλαμβάνουν εκπαίδευση σε ξεχωριστές εκπαιδευτικές μονάδες, σε ειδικά σχολεία που στεγάζονται στο ίδιο κτίριο με τα κανονικά σχολεία, σε ιδιωτικά σχολεία και σε ένα ενιαίο σχολείο.

This project has been made in collaboration with the company Tinitell in Stockholm. The purpose of the project is to design mobile phones for children. This report explains all the Design Process, as SVID (Swedish Industrial Design Foundation) describes it. It starts with a research phase and according to its conclusions, a concept generation phase follows. After discussing the possible concepts, the best alternative is selected and developed. The final part of the report is the analysis and conclusions of the whole process., Detta projekt har genomförts i samarbete med Tinitell i Stockholm. Syftet med projektet är att ta fram en design på mobiltelefoner anpassade för barn i åldrarna fem till elva år. Frågeställningen som skall besvaras i denna uppsats är ”Hur bör dessa telefoner fungera, och hur bör de se ut?” Målet har varit att ta fram en design som är häftig och innovativ men samtidigt enkel och rolig för barn att använda. Den skall även vara en trygghet för föräldrarna då den möjliggör kommunikation mellan förälder och barn vart som helst, när som helst. Projektet började med en omfattande undersökning bestående av observation av barn som hanterar mobiltelefoner, vilka problem som uppstår och vad man kan utveckla för att tillgodose barns behov, utöver detta genomfördes även tre stora enkäter. Barn i olika åldrar hanterar saker på olika sätt beroende på karaktärsdrag, utveckling och beteende. Baserat på detta faktum togs beslutet i början av arbetsprocessen att dela in användaren i tre olika åldersgrupper. Övergångsåren (5- 6 år), mellanåren (7-9 år) samt yngre ungdomsåren (10-11 år). Utifrån de första skisserna valdes tre olika koncept ut, ett för varje åldersgrupp. Trots att alla tre telefoner har samma grundfunktioner har de, beroende på åldersgrupp, olika extra funktioner och olika utformning för att på bästa möjliga sätt passa slutanvändaren. De tre skisserna presenterades för Mats Horn, grundare av Tinitell. De hade dock räknat med att göra en fast investering och valde därför att fokusera på produktion och design för en av modellerna. För att kunna välja ut ett av koncepten genomfördes en ”value opportunity analysis”, efter att ha tolkat resultaten från denna undersökning valdes koncept två (7-9 år) ut för vidareutveckling. Efter att ha gjort flertalet digitala 3D-modeller och provat många olika idéer nådde jag slutligen mitt mål vad gäller design och funktion för telefonen. Resultatet är Tin

The present study takes a motivational perspective that views youths' educational and career engagement as influential and potentially competing for the same motivational resources in the transition to adulthood. We investigated whether motivational engagement with educational and career goals in the year after high-school graduation was differentially associated with educational, career-related and subjective well-being outcomes 2 and 4 years after school graduation. Our longitudinal study of a multi-ethnic sample of Los Angeles high-school graduates followed participants 2 years (N = 561; 61.5 % female) and 4 years (N = 364; 59.8 % female) after high school graduation. The findings indicate that motivational engagement with educational goals after high school graduation predicted educational attainments and psychological well-being at follow-up 2 and 4 years after graduation, and occupational progress at 4 years after graduation. Work hours assessed shortly after high school graduation were associated with poorer educational outcomes both at 2 and 4 years after high school. Occupational goal engagement was not associated with better outcomes, but predicted less educational attainment 4 years after graduating. Thus, educational goal engagement predicted favorable outcomes, whereas career-related goal engagement for the most part was neutral with some select associations with negative educational outcomes. A strong motivational commitment to educational goals, but not to career goals, is an important component of a successful transition to adulthood.

This project has been made in collaboration with the company Tinitell in Stockholm. The purpose of the project is to design mobile phones for children. This report explains all the Design Process, as SVID (Swedish Industrial Design Foundation) describes it. It starts with a research phase and according to its conclusions, a concept generation phase follows. After discussing the possible concepts, the best alternative is selected and developed. The final part of the report is the analysis and conclusions of the whole process., Detta projekt har genomförts i samarbete med Tinitell i Stockholm. Syftet med projektet är att ta fram en design på mobiltelefoner anpassade för barn i åldrarna fem till elva år. Frågeställningen som skall besvaras i denna uppsats är ”Hur bör dessa telefoner fungera, och hur bör de se ut?” Målet har varit att ta fram en design som är häftig och innovativ men samtidigt enkel och rolig för barn att använda. Den skall även vara en trygghet för föräldrarna då den möjliggör kommunikation mellan förälder och barn vart som helst, när som helst. Projektet började med en omfattande undersökning bestående av observation av barn som hanterar mobiltelefoner, vilka problem som uppstår och vad man kan utveckla för att tillgodose barns behov, utöver detta genomfördes även tre stora enkäter. Barn i olika åldrar hanterar saker på olika sätt beroende på karaktärsdrag, utveckling och beteende. Baserat på detta faktum togs beslutet i början av arbetsprocessen att dela in användaren i tre olika åldersgrupper. Övergångsåren (5- 6 år), mellanåren (7-9 år) samt yngre ungdomsåren (10-11 år). Utifrån de första skisserna valdes tre olika koncept ut, ett för varje åldersgrupp. Trots att alla tre telefoner har samma grundfunktioner har de, beroende på åldersgrupp, olika extra funktioner och olika utformning för att på bästa möjliga sätt passa slutanvändaren. De tre skisserna presenterades för Mats Horn, grundare av Tinitell. De hade dock räknat med att göra en fast investering och valde därför att fokusera på produktion och design för en av modellerna. För att kunna välja ut ett av koncepten genomfördes en ”value opportunity analysis”, efter att ha tolkat resultaten från denna undersökning valdes koncept två (7-9 år) ut för vidareutveckling. Efter att ha gjort flertalet digitala 3D-modeller och provat många olika idéer nådde jag slutligen mitt mål vad gäller design och funktion för telefonen. Resultatet är Tin

Background: Food intake contains various nutrients which the loss or destruction are exogenous factors of oxidative damages in our body, aggravated by infectious diseases. Blood ratio Cu/Zn is an indicator about the pool of defenses anti oxidizing to measure damage oxidative. The present study aimed to investigate the blood ratio Cu/Zn an indicator of pool of oxidative stress and eating risk factors in children school age, living in malaria endemic area. Methods: A total of 113 participants, aged 5-14 years with a mean age about 9.5 ±2 were submitted to the study. Malaria diagnosis was based on clinical grounds as the feverish condition (axillary temperature ≥ 37°C) and confirmed by laboratory test. A survey was conducted to screen children eating habits, and conjointly blood ratio Cu/Zn analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: We have noted a high value of the Cu/Zn ratio in malarial children, as compared to controls (p < 0.001). This ratio in both groups was highest compared to the normal values (< 1), and showed an acute value in course of parasitemia. Elsewhere, it was identified eating risk factors in all children. Conclusion: Children of school age in high endemic zone of malaria in Côte d’Ivoire are exposed to the damage of stress oxidative. Thus, eating habits and their interaction with the parasite growth should be analyzed, to correct the states of stress by monitoring down the ratio copper/zinc.