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The present article explores the trials and tribulations of the Romanian state in building viable institutions and acquiring independence in the latter half of the 19th century. Starting from a flurry of diplomatic exchanges on the eve of the Russian-Turkish war (1877–1878), which were aimed at securing experienced General Staff officers for the young Romanian army, this article shows how intimately interconnected the domestic and international dimensions of state building were for such fledgling states and explores the inversely proportional relationship between Krasner’s notions of sovereignty–legal-international and Westphalian. The article thus proposes a more institutional-oriented approach to state building in South-Eastern Europe and seeks to bring the state and the pragmatics of its creation back into a discussion of independence and sovereignty in the region.

El final de los regímenes socialistas de tipo soviético en el Este de Europa se produjo de una manera relativamente pacífica, salvo en el caso de Rumanía. En dicho país, la dictadura se había caracterizado por el uso de la represión para solventar cualquier ápice de oposición y su final llegó mediante los sucesos revolucionarios de diciembre de 1989, donde un importante número de personas perdieron la vida. Las nuevas autoridades, que ocuparon el vacío de poder que había dejado el Partido Comunista Rumano, emplearon los rumores y el temor para controlar a la población y alzarse como los dirigentes y salvadores de la Revolución. Una parte sustancial de ellos habían participado en la política del régimen anterior y conocían perfectamente dichas técnicas. Sin embargo, no podían seguir basándose simplemente en ello y en los meses siguientes comenzaron a emplear, cuando lo consideraron oportuno, distintas actuaciones violentas para acallar a las voces disonantes con ellos, mientras que la imagen del país y su credibilidad democrática se desmoronaba en el exterior. Por ello, a lo largo de las páginas de este artículo vamos a examinar cómo las nuevas autoridades rumanas utilizaron la violencia para hacerse con el control político del país y mantenerse en el mismo., The end of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe occurred relatively peacefully, except when it comes to Romania. In the aforementioned country, the dictatorship had been characterized by the vast use of repression to solve any trace of the opposition and its end came through the revolutionary events of December 1989, when a significant number of people lost their lives. The new authorities, who filled the power vacuum left by the Romanian Communist Party, made use of rumours and fear to have the population under their control and emerge as the leaders and saviours of the Revolution of December 1989. A substantial part of them had been involved in the politics of the previous regime and were aware of these techniques perfectly. Notwithstanding, they could not continue to simply count on it and in the following months, they began to use, whenever they considered it appropriate, different violent actions to call out the voices that disagreed with them, while the image of the country and its democratic credibility crumpled abroad. Therefore, throughout the pages of this paper, we are going to examine how the new Romanian authorities used the violence to gain political control of the country and maintain it.

This thesis investigates the dynamics of knowledge transfer between cultures within multinational firms, with a particular emphasis on subsidiaries located in Sweden and Romania. This study investigates how subsidiaries adjust corporate knowledge to fit local cultural contexts through semi-structured interviews with participants from a range of sectors. It also looks at the wider effects of these changes on organizational knowledge transfer processes. The research methodology used is qualitative research. The data indicates that local cultural and regulatory variations have an impact on knowledge transfer tactics. Different techniques to integrating and adjusting corporate knowledge are shown by companies in Sweden and Romania, which reflect different operational and cultural contexts. The results show how subsidiaries improve their strategic positioning and operational efficacy within the multinational framework by utilizing both local and global advantages. The study's methodology involves using thematic analysis to analyze the gathered interview data in order to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying cross-cultural knowledge transfer. The main results suggest that the effectiveness of knowledge transfer is heavily dependent upon the ability to navigate and incorporate local cultural characteristics alongside international standards. By offering empirical insights into the difficulties and methods of knowledge transfer within Eastern European contexts, which are less studied than those in the West, this study adds to the body of literature already in existence. Additionally, it has useful ramifications for global firms looking to maximize knowledge management in various cultural contexts.

This thesis investigates Romania’s response to the Russia-Ukraine war, focusing on the discourse surrounding sovereignty, the limitations of military power, and the potential for diplomatic alternatives. The study critically analyzes Romanian media coverage and political statements to explore how sovereignty is framed in the context of the conflict and examines the efficacy of military power versus non-military diplomatic strategies. Through a qualitative content analysis of selected Romanian news articles and official communications, the research identifies key themes and narratives that shape Romania’s stance on the conflict. The findings reveal a complex relationship between national security concerns, historical ties, and international diplomatic pressures. Moreover, the study highlights the constraints and costs associated with military power projection and underscores the importance of diplomatic avenues in mitigating conflict. By providing a comprehensive understanding of Romania’s position and proposing diplomatic strategies as viable alternatives to militarism, this thesis contributes to broader discussions on international relations and conflict resolution. The study also addresses methodological limitations, including potential biases in source selection and translation challenges.

Over the past decade, governing parties in Central and Eastern Europe have dismantled liberal democracy, violating the rule of law and limiting the power of judges. This article examines the opposition to these transformations, focusing on the role of judges in Poland, Hungary, and Romania. Drawing on an original survey, as well as a set of interviews with judges, the article shows that while in Poland judges have developed a unified opposition to the government in defending their independence, in Romania, in contrast, governmental measures have polarized judges into a divided opposition, while their mobilization has been rather non-existent in Hungary. Why do judges oppose governmental action limiting judicial independence in some contexts but not in others? The article shows that the nature and the sequencing of domestic transformations, coupled with ideational factors and interests-based calculations, explain judges’ opposition at the collective and individual levels., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This study focuses on a comparison of two sets of in-depth, face-to-face interviews among Romanians living in Poland about their perceptions of the country and society, and their migrant experiences. The interviews were conducted five years apart, using the same guide, but carried out by Polish interviewers in the first case, and by a Romanian interviewer in the second. Comparative analysis of the material gained in this process reveals that, despite similar content in interviewee responses, the standing of the interviewer was by no means neutral. Crucial for the volume, type, and nature of the collected data – as well as for its interpretation – is the interviewer’s identity. In this regard, the study draws on Michael’s Herzfeld’s concept of ‘cultural intimacy’ to explain the mutual reproduction of different levels of identity and to develop a framework for analyzing the interaction between the social scientists and their interlocutors.

This thesis investigates the dynamics of knowledge transfer between cultures within multinational firms, with a particular emphasis on subsidiaries located in Sweden and Romania. This study investigates how subsidiaries adjust corporate knowledge to fit local cultural contexts through semi-structured interviews with participants from a range of sectors. It also looks at the wider effects of these changes on organizational knowledge transfer processes. The research methodology used is qualitative research. The data indicates that local cultural and regulatory variations have an impact on knowledge transfer tactics. Different techniques to integrating and adjusting corporate knowledge are shown by companies in Sweden and Romania, which reflect different operational and cultural contexts. The results show how subsidiaries improve their strategic positioning and operational efficacy within the multinational framework by utilizing both local and global advantages. The study's methodology involves using thematic analysis to analyze the gathered interview data in order to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying cross-cultural knowledge transfer. The main results suggest that the effectiveness of knowledge transfer is heavily dependent upon the ability to navigate and incorporate local cultural characteristics alongside international standards. By offering empirical insights into the difficulties and methods of knowledge transfer within Eastern European contexts, which are less studied than those in the West, this study adds to the body of literature already in existence. Additionally, it has useful ramifications for global firms looking to maximize knowledge management in various cultural contexts.

This thesis investigates Romania’s response to the Russia-Ukraine war, focusing on the discourse surrounding sovereignty, the limitations of military power, and the potential for diplomatic alternatives. The study critically analyzes Romanian media coverage and political statements to explore how sovereignty is framed in the context of the conflict and examines the efficacy of military power versus non-military diplomatic strategies. Through a qualitative content analysis of selected Romanian news articles and official communications, the research identifies key themes and narratives that shape Romania’s stance on the conflict. The findings reveal a complex relationship between national security concerns, historical ties, and international diplomatic pressures. Moreover, the study highlights the constraints and costs associated with military power projection and underscores the importance of diplomatic avenues in mitigating conflict. By providing a comprehensive understanding of Romania’s position and proposing diplomatic strategies as viable alternatives to militarism, this thesis contributes to broader discussions on international relations and conflict resolution. The study also addresses methodological limitations, including potential biases in source selection and translation challenges.

De vraag naar duurzame en circulaire alternatieven voor fossiele grondstoffen biedt kansen voor de Europese biobased industrie. Dit geldt ook voor Centraal- en Oost-Europese landen, waar de ontwikkeling van biobased activiteiten is achtergebleven bij die in West-Europa. Onlangs geactualiseerde landenrapporten over de biobased industrie in Roemenië en Polen onderstrepen de enorme mogelijkheden in deze landen, waar nog onbenut potentieel ligt te wachten om verkend en geëxploiteerd te worden.

When and how do party politics matter in junior allies’ decisions to engage in multinational military operations? Developing a new role theory model of party politics and multinational military operations, we put forward a two-level argument. First, we argue that the rationale for military action is defined in a contest between political parties with expectations of what constitutes the proper purpose (constitutive roles) and functions (functional roles) of the state. Second, we hold that material and ontological insecurities reduce political space for contestation and debate, but that junior allies tend to focus on role demands for ‘good states’ and ‘good allies’ rather than the nature and aim of the military operation. To unpack our argument, we analyse the debate among political parties in Romania and Denmark leading up to the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Concluding our analysis, we outline the implications for the changing security order and current debates in NATO member states on how to respond to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

When and how do party politics matter in junior allies’ decisions to engage in multinational military operations? Developing a new role theory model of party politics and multinational military operations, we put forward a two-level argument. First, we argue that the rationale for military action is defined in a contest between political parties with expectations of what constitutes the proper purpose (constitutive roles) and functions (functional roles) of the state. Second, we hold that material and ontological insecurities reduce political space for contestation and debate, but that junior allies tend to focus on role demands for ‘good states’ and ‘good allies’ rather than the nature and aim of the military operation. To unpack our argument, we analyse the debate among political parties in Romania and Denmark leading up to the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Concluding our analysis, we outline the implications for the changing security order and current debates in NATO member states on how to respond to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Nicolae Ceausescu's regime in Romania, beginning in 1965, aimed at industrializing the country by increasing the labor force, leading to the development of large-scale housing blocks across Romania following the Soviet model. Urban planning and design were instrumental in serving political objectives such as industrial development, urban homogenization, and social control. However, amidst these grand architectural visions, the experiences of individuals with disabilities have been largely overlooked. The government's policies toward individuals with disabilities reflected a belief that they were incapable of contributing to a socialist society, resulting in their marginalization and neglect. This thesis explores the experiences of individuals with motor disabilities in Romania during the 20th century, shedding light on their marginalized narratives within the context of socialist-era architectural decisions. Through historical analysis, case studies of housing developments and interviews with residents, the research will be led by the question “How did the political policies and architectural design strategies employed during the construction of socialist era building blocks in Romania shape the living conditions, accessibility, and well-being of the disabled community?" The paper argues that architecture acted as a barrier to the integration of the disabled community, directly leading to increased institutionalization rates among individuals with physical and motor disabilities, as it substantially hindered their ability to lead typical lives within their homes. The thesis contributes to contemporary discussions on inclusive urban planning and societal perceptions, highlighting the importance of considering diverse perspectives and understanding the history of the context in architectural design and policymaking., AR2A011, Architectural History Thesis, Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences

‘The Emergence of Women Architects in Romania’ aims to uncover a recent past. It investigates the circumstances in which female architects started to pursue their careers. This paper examines the challenges and difficulties that women have faced and focuses on how the political context influenced the availability of work opportunities., AR2A011, Architectural History Thesis, Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences

This article examines the establishment of the legal framework that led to the destruction and elimination of Jewish communities in Croatia and Romania during World War II. It argues that both regimes, supported by domestic fascist ideologies, evolving antisemitism, and inspired by the Nazi regime, promulgated anti-Jewish legal norms to present and establish new political, ideological, and social values and categories to their citizens. This article employs the theoretical framework of norms developed by Paul Morrow, whereby norms are seen as practical prescriptions, permissions or prohibitions. We argue that these destructive norms served as guidelines for individuals within the fascist new worldview and new reality. As such, these norms received state authorisation and implementation, serving as the ‘legal’ basis for the institutional destruction of unwanted citizens. This gave local and state actors a ‘legal’ pretext for the persecution and murder of Jews, who were stripped of their rights, assets, properties and right to life. The article concludes that the two legal frameworks enacted the process by which Jewish communities in Croatia and Romania faced a devastation of unseen proportions, which testifies to the importance and impact of legal norms on individuals, be they victims, bystanders or perpetrators., The Unwanted Citizens: The Holocaust and the Aryanization of Jewish Property in Romania and the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), 1940-1945

This article examines the establishment of the legal framework that led to the destruction and elimination of Jewish communities in Croatia and Romania during World War II. It argues that both regimes, supported by domestic fascist ideologies, evolving antisemitism, and inspired by the Nazi regime, promulgated anti-Jewish legal norms to present and establish new political, ideological, and social values and categories to their citizens. This article employs the theoretical framework of norms developed by Paul Morrow, whereby norms are seen as practical prescriptions, permissions or prohibitions. We argue that these destructive norms served as guidelines for individuals within the fascist new worldview and new reality. As such, these norms received state authorisation and implementation, serving as the ‘legal’ basis for the institutional destruction of unwanted citizens. This gave local and state actors a ‘legal’ pretext for the persecution and murder of Jews, who were stripped of their rights, assets, properties and right to life. The article concludes that the two legal frameworks enacted the process by which Jewish communities in Croatia and Romania faced a devastation of unseen proportions, which testifies to the importance and impact of legal norms on individuals, be they victims, bystanders or perpetrators.

This article examines the establishment of the legal framework that led to the destruction and elimination of Jewish communities in Croatia and Romania during World War II. It argues that both regimes, supported by domestic fascist ideologies, evolving antisemitism, and inspired by the Nazi regime, promulgated anti-Jewish legal norms to present and establish new political, ideological, and social values and categories to their citizens. This article employs the theoretical framework of norms developed by Paul Morrow, whereby norms are seen as practical prescriptions, permissions or prohibitions. We argue that these destructive norms served as guidelines for individuals within the fascist new worldview and new reality. As such, these norms received state authorisation and implementation, serving as the ‘legal’ basis for the institutional destruction of unwanted citizens. This gave local and state actors a ‘legal’ pretext for the persecution and murder of Jews, who were stripped of their rights, assets, properties and right to life. The article concludes that the two legal frameworks enacted the process by which Jewish communities in Croatia and Romania faced a devastation of unseen proportions, which testifies to the importance and impact of legal norms on individuals, be they victims, bystanders or perpetrators.

This article assesses the role of social origin for Romanian migrants in Western Europe, compared to stayers in their origin country. We propose a novel theoretical model of status attainment to account for the migration process, including the self-selection to migration on the basis of individual characteristics and the effect of the area/context on social mobility. Our sample (elaborated from the EUCROSS 2012 survey) includes 1772 working-age Romanian citizens who completed their education in Romania. Our results show that self-selection played a role in not only the Romanians’ decision to migrate but also the choice of destination (either Southern Europe or Central-Northern Europe), being migrants in Southern Europe negatively self-selected with respect to both social origin (men) and education (both men and, especially, women). We also found that the disadvantage of Romanian migrants (measured through the International Socio-Economic Index), compared to stayers, was reinforced by a higher influence of social origin for women, who, in addition, got even lower returns to education abroad. Contrary to the expectations of both academic scholars and the institutions supporting EU free movement, migration to Western Europe (at least in the case of Romanians) was not a way out, but rather reinforced ascription.

This article examines the establishment of the legal framework that led to the destruction and elimination of Jewish communities in Croatia and Romania during World War II. It argues that both regimes, supported by domestic fascist ideologies, evolving antisemitism, and inspired by the Nazi regime, promulgated anti-Jewish legal norms to present and establish new political, ideological, and social values and categories to their citizens. This article employs the theoretical framework of norms developed by Paul Morrow, whereby norms are seen as practical prescriptions, permissions or prohibitions. We argue that these destructive norms served as guidelines for individuals within the fascist new worldview and new reality. As such, these norms received state authorisation and implementation, serving as the ‘legal’ basis for the institutional destruction of unwanted citizens. This gave local and state actors a ‘legal’ pretext for the persecution and murder of Jews, who were stripped of their rights, assets, properties and right to life. The article concludes that the two legal frameworks enacted the process by which Jewish communities in Croatia and Romania faced a devastation of unseen proportions, which testifies to the importance and impact of legal norms on individuals, be they victims, bystanders or perpetrators., The Unwanted Citizens: The Holocaust and the Aryanization of Jewish Property in Romania and the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), 1940-1945

This article examines the establishment of the legal framework that led to the destruction and elimination of Jewish communities in Croatia and Romania during World War II. It argues that both regimes, supported by domestic fascist ideologies, evolving antisemitism, and inspired by the Nazi regime, promulgated anti-Jewish legal norms to present and establish new political, ideological, and social values and categories to their citizens. This article employs the theoretical framework of norms developed by Paul Morrow, whereby norms are seen as practical prescriptions, permissions or prohibitions. We argue that these destructive norms served as guidelines for individuals within the fascist new worldview and new reality. As such, these norms received state authorisation and implementation, serving as the ‘legal’ basis for the institutional destruction of unwanted citizens. This gave local and state actors a ‘legal’ pretext for the persecution and murder of Jews, who were stripped of their rights, assets, properties and right to life. The article concludes that the two legal frameworks enacted the process by which Jewish communities in Croatia and Romania faced a devastation of unseen proportions, which testifies to the importance and impact of legal norms on individuals, be they victims, bystanders or perpetrators., The Unwanted Citizens: The Holocaust and the Aryanization of Jewish Property in Romania and the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), 1940-1945

This article examines the establishment of the legal framework that led to the destruction and elimination of Jewish communities in Croatia and Romania during World War II. It argues that both regimes, supported by domestic fascist ideologies, evolving antisemitism, and inspired by the Nazi regime, promulgated anti-Jewish legal norms to present and establish new political, ideological, and social values and categories to their citizens. This article employs the theoretical framework of norms developed by Paul Morrow, whereby norms are seen as practical prescriptions, permissions or prohibitions. We argue that these destructive norms served as guidelines for individuals within the fascist new worldview and new reality. As such, these norms received state authorisation and implementation, serving as the ‘legal’ basis for the institutional destruction of unwanted citizens. This gave local and state actors a ‘legal’ pretext for the persecution and murder of Jews, who were stripped of their rights, assets, properties and right to life. The article concludes that the two legal frameworks enacted the process by which Jewish communities in Croatia and Romania faced a devastation of unseen proportions, which testifies to the importance and impact of legal norms on individuals, be they victims, bystanders or perpetrators., The Unwanted Citizens: The Holocaust and the Aryanization of Jewish Property in Romania and the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), 1940-1945

RESUMEN: El presente artículo se propone analizar un corpus de textos prosísticos (novela, fundamentalmente, pero también relato, diario y ensayo) de la literatura rumana de las últimas décadas que evidencian algunos de los cambios sociales, económicos y políticos más importantes por los que ha atravesado Rumanía desde la Revolución de diciembre de 1989. El objetivo, por tanto, es ver de qué manera la historia reciente —o, al menos, una parte de ella— se refleja literariamente; de qué manera los escritores plasman o recrean el presente y el pasado más próximo del país: desde la confesión o testimonio hasta la deformación paródica, pasando por el realismo., This paper aims to analyze a representative corpus of prose texts (mainly novels, but also short stories, diaries and essays) of Romanian literature of recent decades that show some of the most important social, economic and political changes that Romania has undergone since the December 1989 Revolution. Therefore, the aim is to see how recent history, or at least part of it, is reflected in literatura; how writers recreate the present and the Romania’s nearest past: from confession or testimony to parodic deformation, going through the realism., RESUM: Aquest article es proposa analitzar un corpus de textos prosístics (novel·la, fonamentalment, però també relat, diari i assaig) de la literatura romanesa de les últimes dècades que evidencien alguns dels canvis socials, econòmics i polítics més importants per els que ha travessat Romania des de la Revolució de desembre de 1989. L'objectiu, per tant, és veure de quina manera la història recent —o, si més no, una part— es reflecteix literàriament; de quina manera els escriptors plasmen o recreen el present i el passat més proper del país: des de la confessió o testimoniatge fins a la de-formació paròdica, passant pel realisme., Depto. de Estudios Románicos, Franceses, Italianos y Traducción, Fac. de Filología, TRUE, pub

Within the framework of the Seminar ”Romanian Exile and Migration: Cultural Representations in Europe”, the aim of this work is to illustrate, through the diaries of Mircea Eliade, the reasons and circumstances in which the Romanian writer and historian of religions leaves his country, the different stages and destinations of his exile, the literary and scientific contributions made by him in this context, as well as the reflections that the author makes about his own situation and about this phenomenon., Depto. de Estudios Románicos, Franceses, Italianos y Traducción, Fac. de Filología, TRUE, pub

The paper presents the results of a sociological research carried out in Romania on a national sample of 1,104 subjects. The data was collected between 9-14 June 2022, and the research was funded by the Tax Pact. The paper presents data on Romanians' preferences for a stable tax code, for merging some taxes and simplifying tax legislation, for certain legislative measures and proposals for the economic recovery of the country, about the progressive tax and about the perception of fiscal administrations.

The survey was conducted between March 9-20, 2022 on a sample of 800 people living in 220 urban and regional localities in all counties of Romania, with a statistical error of +/- 3.5%. He measured the attitude of Romanians towards refugees from Ukraine, but also from other geographical regions. Compared to the similar research in October 2021, there was a 25% increase in the favorable attitude towards refugees, and it is the highest increase among young people, those with higher education, employers, those living in very large cities. Romanians are favorable to the entry of refugees from Ukraine and hypothetically from Moldova, but more reluctant to those from Asia, Africa, Latin America or the Caucasus. Romanians' self-esteem has significantly increased for the exemplary way in which their fellow citizens have been involved in helping refugees in Ukraine, although they are aware that there is a risk of upsetting the Russian Federation.

Pharmacies played an important role in society during the pandemic, being visited by customers more often than before. Communication with them was more intense, and this allowed the pharmacies to expand into other types of services. The study presents the changes produced on the Romanian pharmacy market from the perspective of the customers. It measured the confidence of pharmacists, the degree of information about the services offered, the attitude towards new services (measuring blood pressure, blood sugar, osteoporosis, etc.) and opinions about vaccination in pharmacies. The results of the research showed that people have a very high degree of confidence in the advice they receive in pharmacies. The pharmacies provide basic services (dispense of medication, information on their use, and tips for improving the health), but less services for health testing, preparation of medicines, and involvement in health care programs. Citizens want to benefit from the new services that pharmacies are offering now (rapid tests for blood pressure, glucose or infections), but they are reluctant to testing spirometry, osteodensitometry, skin cancer and age related degenerative diseases (Alzheimer's) at pharmacies. However, vaccination in pharmacies is the most strongly rejected, especially by women, people with higher education, high incomes, and chronically ill.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced a large number of people into telework. The change of working conditions was not done with the help of specialists or with the support from employers, resulting in improvisations that had negative consequences for employee health. The survey conducted by the Bureau of Social Research at the end of 2020 measured the impact of work from home on various health problems and body organs. The results clearly show a deterioration of the bones, muscles and joints, the mental system, the stomach, the eyes and the heart for an important segment of the employees. The most vulnerable people were those aged 40-60, PhD graduates, domiciled in medium and small cities, employed by the state in areas that had the greatest difficulties in adapting to digitization and working on online platforms: culture, education, public administration. As experts say that working from home will continue in the coming years even after the pandemic disappears, the deterioration of employees' health will intensify.

The thesis is diving into the search for the Romanian identity in architecture and at the end of the 19th century. Did the New Style that emerged from it capture the spirit and adapt to the new times?, AR2A011, Architectural History Thesis, Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences

Climate change and its physical consequences are currently among the most discussed topics within the global change academic community. The issues of climate change mitigation, adaptation, and resilience are thoroughly researched, both in terms of institutional and community measures and requirements, as well as in terms of potential impact at different spatial scales. This paper emphasizes that, along with the physical impact, the psychological effects of climate change and the psychological drivers of engaging in climate activism should also be considered to build individual resilience in a dynamic environmental context. The psychological impact is a significant dimension of human vulnerability to climate change, shaping people's perceptions, responses, and coping capacity. The paper focuses on the psychological consequences of climate-related events in an Eastern European context, through a series of 23 semi-structured interviews conducted in Romania, between October 2022 and July 2023. The results highlight people's concerns about climate change and the fact that they perceive information as a key factor in reducing climate anxiety.

Climate change and its physical consequences are currently among the most discussed topics within the global change academic community. The issues of climate change mitigation, adaptation, and resilience are thoroughly researched, both in terms of institutional and community measures and requirements, as well as in terms of potential impact at different spatial scales. This paper emphasizes that, along with the physical impact, the psychological effects of climate change and the psychological drivers of engaging in climate activism should also be considered to build individual resilience in a dynamic environmental context. The psychological impact is a significant dimension of human vulnerability to climate change, shaping people's perceptions, responses, and coping capacity. The paper focuses on the psychological consequences of climate-related events in an Eastern European context, through a series of 23 semi-structured interviews conducted in Romania, between October 2022 and July 2023. The results highlight people's concerns about climate change and the fact that they perceive information as a key factor in reducing climate anxiety.

When people experience abrupt social change, from less education to more, from less technology use to more, from a homogeneous to a heterogeneous social environment, can their epistemic thinking adapt? When divergent opinions suddenly come to be valued, does epistemic thinking shift from absolute to more relativistic? We investigate whether and how these sociocultural shifts have produced changes in epistemic thinking in Romania, a country that fell from communism and started democracy in 1989. Our 147 participants were from Timisoara and fell into three groups, each experiencing the shift at a different point in their development: (i) born in 1989 or later, experiencing capitalism and democracy throughout life (N = 51); (ii) 15- to 25-years-old in 1989 when communism fell (N = 52); (iii) 45 or older in 1989 when communism fell (N = 44). As hypothesized, absolutist thinking was less frequent and evaluativist thinking, a relativistic epistemological mode, was more frequent the earlier in life a cohort was exposed to the post-communist environment in Romania. As predicted, younger cohorts experienced greater exposure to education, social media, and international travel. Greater exposure to education and social media were significant factors in the decline of absolutist thinking and the rise of evaluativist thinking across the generations.

This article addresses the relationship between personal identity, political commitment and scholarship in the biography of anthropologist John Victor Murra (Isaak Lipschitz). Born in 1916 into a Russian‑Jewish family in Odessa, he grew up, studied and became involved in Communist politics in Romania before his departure for Chicago in 1934. His 1956 Ph.D. thesis at University of Chicago on the Inca state helped Murra to become an influential figure in the field of Andean anthropology. Based on archival work and several testimonies, this article traces the influence of his upbringing and political commitment on his academic career., Este artículo aborda la relación existente entre la identidad personal, el compromiso político y la academia en la biografía del antropólogo John Victor Murra (Isaak Lipschitz). Nacido en 1916 en el seno de una familia ruso-judía en Odesa, Murra creció, estudió y se involucró en la política comunista en Rumanía antes de partir a Chicago en 1934. La tesis de doctorado sobre el Estado inca que sustentó en 1956, en la Universidad de Chicago, le ayudó a convertirse en una figura influyente en el campo de la antropología andina. A partir del trabajo de archivo y de diversos testimonios, este artículo rastrea la influencia que su crianza y su compromiso político habrían de tener sobre su carrera.

This article analyses the inte- llectual and literary activity carried out by poets Juan Octavio Prenz and Omar Lara as promoters both of Latin American literature in Central Europe -especially in Romania and Yugoslavia- and of these countries’ literatures in Latin America. The timespan covered goes from 1977 -when Prenz and Lara first met- to more recent times. More specifically, the article focuses on the works published with KOV, Vršac’s publishing house, on the different stages of the journal Trilce -directed by Omar Lara- and the establishment of LAR (Reunited American Literature) publishing house., El presente trabajo analiza la actividad que desarrollaron los intelectuales y poetas Juan Octavio Prenz y Omar Lara como promotores de la literatura latino- americana en Europa central, con particular atención a Rumania y Yugoslavia, y la difusión de la literatura de estos países en América Latina. Los años tomados en consideración son a partir del 1977, año en que ambos intelectuales se conocen, y hasta tiempos más recientes. En particular, nos centramos en las publicaciones realizadas en la editorial KOV de Vršac, en as rias etapas que tuvo la revista Trilce, dirigida por Omar Lara, y en el surgimiento de la casa editorial LAR, Literatura Americana Reunida.

The aim of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the socialization practices of preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment in Ukrainian and Swedish preschool educational institutions.The research methodology involved the gradual application of a set of interrelated methods, such as theoretical analysis, systematization, and generalization of data from general and specialized psychological-pedagogical and methodological literature on the researched problem. The findings suggest that there are differences in socialization practices between the two countries: Ukrainian preschool educational institutions focus more on discipline and obedience, while Swedish institutions prioritize play and collaboration. The study concludes that socialization practices in preschool educational institutions play a significant role in supporting the development of social skills among preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment.

Jovan Dučić has long been established as one of the finest Serbian men of letters, with his style being an unmatched role model for elegance and form. He was also one of those prominent Serbian literary men who, following the pattern of some of their French counterparts, had respectable careers in Serbian and, after 1918, Yugoslav diplomacy. Dučić served in Sofia (1910–1912), Rome (1912–1914), Athens (1914–1918), Madrid (1918–1922), Athens again (1922–1924), Geneva (1925), Cairo (1926–1927), Cairo again after two years back in Yugoslavia (1929–1931) and, as a plenipotentiary minister, in Budapest (1932–1933). His stint in Romania has gone largely unnoticed. This chapter will examine Dučić’s reports from Bucharest and their impact on policy-making in Belgrade. It will look at his view of Romanian foreign policy, but also at the important internal developments, as Romania was undergoing the tumultuous period of King Carol II’s authoritarian dictatorship and fascistization of the country, especially evident in the rising anti-Semitism. Moreover, the particular sensibility of the poet-diplomat lent his reports color that is usually absent from the matter-of-fact tone of diplomatic dispatches.

This article examines the establishment of the legal framework that led to the destruction and elimination of Jewish communities in Croatia and Romania during World War II. It argues that both regimes, supported by domestic fascist ideologies, evolving antisemitism, and inspired by the Nazi regime, promulgated anti-Jewish legal norms to present and establish new political, ideological, and social values and categories to their citizens. This article employs the theoretical framework of norms developed by Paul Morrow, whereby norms are seen as practical prescriptions, permissions or prohibitions. We argue that these destructive norms served as guidelines for individuals within the fascist new worldview and new reality. As such, these norms received state authorisation and implementation, serving as the ‘legal’ basis for the institutional destruction of unwanted citizens. This gave local and state actors a ‘legal’ pretext for the persecution and murder of Jews, who were stripped of their rights, assets, properties and right to life. The article concludes that the two legal frameworks enacted the process by which Jewish communities in Croatia and Romania faced a devastation of unseen proportions, which testifies to the importance and impact of legal norms on individuals, be they victims, bystanders or perpetrators.

The main archival source of MapRom database is the “Census of the population or Statistics of the Principalities (Wallachia and Moldova) of 1838”, ANIC, Fond Catagrafii, part I, Inventory number 501, volumes numbered I/8 to I/107 from the Historical National Archives, Bucharest, mostly unpublished and now digitized and automatized for the first time, in regard to Romani population. This Census was conducted by the Interior Ministry in February 1838. It is the first preserved Romanian modern census of population and dwellings, which introduced new techniques of reviewing, such as the nominal lists and the great number (24) of demographic variables, including ethnicity. The unit of observation was the “household”, and the scope was to obtain detailed information about: 1) the settled population by age group, and sex; 2) the number of households and their structure; 3) the number of residential buildings and their distribution according to the material from which they are built; 4) population distribution according to their participation in economic activity; 5) distribution of population by skills and occupations. Based on this information, the MapRom database presents: statistics of the Roma households per village, number of Roms per village, number of different Romani ethnic sub-groups (Lăieș, Vătraș, Rudar, Zlătar, etc), average Romani household size per village, age distribution, sex distribution, number of Roms per skill, geographic distribution of the Roms (in uplands and lowlands), cultivated land area by Roms per village, etc. We found insignificant number of free Roms, rest of them were slaves. For more than 50% of them, we have reconstructed, from other (unpublished) sources the name of the owners (private noblemen, or Monasteries and churches). We searched for other statistical documents to complete our data from 1838 Census, such as the Statistics of the Turkish Gypsies (1833, manuscript ANIC, Vornicia temnitelor, file 354/1833), Statistics of Boyar Gypsy, Den huvudsakliga arkivkällan till MapRom-databasen är "Folkräkningen eller furstestaternas statistik (Wallachia och Moldavien) 1838", ANIC, Fond Catagrafii, del I, inventeringsnummer 501, volymer numrerade I / 8 till I / 107 från Historiska Nationalarkivet, Bukarest, mestadels opublicerat och nu digitaliserat och automatiserat för första gången, med avseende på den romska befolkningen. Denna folkräkning genomfördes av inrikesministeriet i februari 1838. Det är den första bevarade rumänska moderna folkräkningen av befolkning och bostäder, som introducerade nya granskningsmetoder, såsom de nominella listorna och det stora antalet (24) demografiska attribut, inklusive etnicitet. Observationsenheten var ”hushållet” och omfattningen var att få detaljerad information om: 1) den bosatta befolkningen efter åldersgrupp och kön; 2) antalet hushåll och deras struktur; 3) antalet bostadshus och deras fördelning enligt det material de byggs från; 4) befolkningsfördelning efter deras deltagande i ekonomisk verksamhet; 5) befolkningens fördelning efter färdigheter och yrken. Baserat på denna information presenterar MapRom-databasen: statistik över de romska hushållen per by, antal romer per by, antal olika romska etniska undergrupper (Lăieș, Vătraș, Rudar, Zlătar, etc), genomsnittlig romsk hushållsstorlek per by, åldersfördelning, könsfördelning, antal romer per färdighet, romers geografiska fördelning (i höglandet och låglandet), odlad markyta av romer per by, etc. Vi har rekonstruerat information från slavägarna från andra källor.Med tiden har de nominella listorna för fyra län (Ialomiţa, Gorj, Mededinţi och Vâlcea) samt två landsbygdsområden och två städer gått förlorade, men de för 14 valakiska län har bevarats och skrivits in i MapRom. De fem volymerna av nominellt material för huvudstaden Bukarest (med en mycket stor och multietnisk befolkning) undersöktes inte i detta projekt eftersom folkräkningen där skilde sig komplext från landsbygdens provinser i form och utförande, me

Pseudophilotes bavius hungarica (Diószeghy, 1913) is a Transylvanian endemic of conservation interest. We made observations regarding its oviposition strategy, and established its preference for floral stems of Salvia nutans L. taller than five centimeters. Salvia transsilvanica Schur was also confirmed as a host plant for P. bavius hungarica. The distribution map of this subspecies was completed in two localities from the south of the Transylvanian Plain, Râpa Lechint¸a and Râpa Da˘ta˘ reni. We reported presence of P. bavius in Tulcea County for the first time, thus supporting the hypothesis that it colonised Dobrogea via Ukraine alongside P. bavius bavius (Eversmann, 1832) and it did not spread from Turkey and Bulgaria alongside P. bavius egea. Many conservation threats that may lead to population fragmentation and extinction have been identified., Pseudophilotes bavius hungarica (Diószeghy, 1913) es un endemismo transilvano de interés para la conservación. Realizamos observaciones sobre su estrategia de oviposición y establecimos su preferencia por tallos florales de Salvia nutans L. de más de cinco centímetros de altura. También se confirmó que Salvia transsilvanica Schur es una planta nutricia de P. bavius hungarica. El mapa de distribución de esta subespecie se completó en dos localidades del sur de la llanura transilvana, Râpa Lechint ̧a and Râpa Da ̆ta ̆reni. Informamos de la presencia de P. baviusen el condado de Tulcea por primera vez, apoyando así la hipótesis de que colonizó Dobrogea a través de Ucrania junto con P. bavius bavius (Eversmann, 1832) y no se propagó desde Turquía y Bulgaria junto con P. baviusegea. Se han identificado muchas amenazas para la conservación que pueden conducir a la fragmentación y extinción de la población

This article analyses the inte- llectual and literary activity carried out by poets Juan Octavio Prenz and Omar Lara as promoters both of Latin American literature in Central Europe -especially in Romania and Yugoslavia- and of these countries’ literatures in Latin America. The timespan covered goes from 1977 -when Prenz and Lara first met- to more recent times. More specifically, the article focuses on the works published with KOV, Vršac’s publishing house, on the different stages of the journal Trilce -directed by Omar Lara- and the establishment of LAR (Reunited American Literature) publishing house., El presente trabajo analiza la actividad que desarrollaron los intelectuales y poetas Juan Octavio Prenz y Omar Lara como promotores de la literatura latino- americana en Europa central, con particular atención a Rumania y Yugoslavia, y la difusión de la literatura de estos países en América Latina. Los años tomados en consideración son a partir del 1977, año en que ambos intelectuales se conocen, y hasta tiempos más recientes. En particular, nos centramos en las publicaciones realizadas en la editorial KOV de Vršac, en as rias etapas que tuvo la revista Trilce, dirigida por Omar Lara, y en el surgimiento de la casa editorial LAR, Literatura Americana Reunida.

This study investigates the impact of information, consultation, and communication in Romanian Local Public Administrations within the Online Sphere, where digital transition supplements traditional methods and introduces new opportunities and challenges. The focus is on public engagement in online communications, especially concerning public consultation invitations from local administrations. Data from Facebook posts by the municipalities of Constanta and Cluj-Napoca was analyzed using FanPageKarma and RStudio, providing insights into public participation. The research underscores the importance of online platforms in promoting transparency, citizen engagement, and collaborative decision-making in open governance. It reveals that despite the number of public consultation posts being relatively low, they affirm the commitment to participatory governance. Interestingly, posts not explicitly inviting public consultation saw higher engagement rates, suggesting the necessity of appealing content and audience understanding. The study also found that urban planning posts had lower engagement, indicating a potential need for simpler communication strategies for technical topics. The findings highlight that while digital platforms have been used effectively for citizen engagement, there is a need for continuous improvement and adaptation to maintain transparent and inclusive governance. The research adds to our understanding of the strategies employed in digital transitions and the importance of gauging public perception of online communication., Este estudio investiga el impacto de la información, la consulta y la comunicación en las administraciones públicas locales rumanas dentro de la esfera en línea, donde la transición digital complementa los métodos tradicionales e introduce nuevas oportunidades y desafíos. La atención se centra en la participación pública en las comunicaciones en línea, especialmente en lo que respecta a las invitaciones a consultas públicas de las administraciones locales. Los datos de las publicaciones de Facebook de los municipios de Constanta y Cluj-Napoca se analizaron mediante FanPageKarma y RStudio, lo que brindó información sobre la participación pública. La investigación subraya la importancia de las plataformas en línea para promover la transparencia, la participación ciudadana y la toma de decisiones colaborativa en la gobernanza abierta. Revela que a pesar de que el número de puestos de consulta pública es relativamente bajo, afirman el compromiso con la gobernanza participativa. Curiosamente, las publicaciones que no invitaban explícitamente a la consulta pública registraron tasas de participación más altas, lo que sugiere la necesidad de contenido atractivo y comprensión de la audiencia. El estudio también encontró que los puestos de planificación urbana tenían una menor participación, lo que indica una posible necesidad de estrategias de comunicación más simples para temas técnicos. Los hallazgos destacan que, si bien las plataformas digitales se han utilizado de manera efectiva para la participación ciudadana, existe la necesidad de una mejora y adaptación continuas para mantener una gobernanza transparente e inclusiva. La investigación se suma a nuestra comprensión de las estrategias empleadas en las transiciones digitales y la importancia de medir la percepción pública de la comunicación en línea.

Romania is a country with a high-income economy that is experiencing considerable growth following its economic reforms of earlier decades. With growth, tendencies for an unequal society are prevalent. Therefore, appropriate economic policies that are specifically targeted toward bottlenecks are essential. This thesis seeks to outline the major types of poverty in Romania while also offering actionable entrepreneurial and educational insights that practically combat poverty at its roots.

This article addresses the relationship between personal identity, political commitment and scholarship in the biography of anthropologist John Victor Murra (Isaak Lipschitz). Born in 1916 into a Russian‑Jewish family in Odessa, he grew up, studied and became involved in Communist politics in Romania before his departure for Chicago in 1934. His 1956 Ph.D. thesis at University of Chicago on the Inca state helped Murra to become an influential figure in the field of Andean anthropology. Based on archival work and several testimonies, this article traces the influence of his upbringing and political commitment on his academic career., Este artículo aborda la relación existente entre la identidad personal, el compromiso político y la academia en la biografía del antropólogo John Victor Murra (Isaak Lipschitz). Nacido en 1916 en el seno de una familia ruso-judía en Odesa, Murra creció, estudió y se involucró en la política comunista en Rumanía antes de partir a Chicago en 1934. La tesis de doctorado sobre el Estado inca que sustentó en 1956, en la Universidad de Chicago, le ayudó a convertirse en una figura influyente en el campo de la antropología andina. A partir del trabajo de archivo y de diversos testimonios, este artículo rastrea la influencia que su crianza y su compromiso político habrían de tener sobre su carrera.