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Nurse burnout has been strongly associated with decreased patient satisfaction and reduced retention rates in the novice registered nurse. This phenomenon is exacerbating the already rising global nursing shortage. A strong correlation is established between novice registered nurses who endure repeated or multiple triggers, such as unsafe staffing ratios, inadequate preceptorship, and ineffective leadership to those who succumb to burnout. Burnout is a significant problem in the United States, impacting how healthcare is perceived by the public. In 2019 there were more than six million nurses, making up the largest segment of the healthcare population and directly affecting the safety and well-being of patients in the United States (Shak et al., 2021). Being able to sustain the number of nurses needed to provide adequate care for patients has become challenging. Novice registered nurses are leaving the profession after developing burnout from repeated exposure to triggers. The purpose of this project is to identify the correlation between triggers and burnout in the novice registered nurse and mitigate those triggers. An analysis of the literature promotes the need to identify triggers and mitigate those triggers as a method to decrease burnout experienced in the novice registered nurse.

Using the binary-collision approximation simulation with atomic collision in any structured target code AC∀T, we calculated sputtering yield, range, and retention rate for tungsten with a rough surface under argon atom irradiation. The simulation revealed the sputtering yield decreases and the retention rate increases as the surface becomes rougher. Because these quantities strongly depend on the surface, we suggest that it is necessary to consider the surface structure of the tungsten target when estimating the effects of walls., source:https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.11.2401080, identifier:0000-0002-0593-8810

Shellfish as a foodstuff must meet sanitary quality objectives for the protection of consumers and this quality is closely linked to the water. The oyster industry considered this challenge related to contaminations and currently, the major risk of disease is due to the presence of norovirus (NoV) since all oyster-consuming countries report outbreaks of gastroenteritis linked to the presence of this microorganism. Ultrafiltration has already demonstrated to be efficient for viral protection of oyster farms in previous studies. In this work, retention by ultrafiltration of Tulane virus, a NoV surrogate, was evaluated. The effect of virus concentration in the feed on the ultrafiltration efficiency has been assessed. Low retentions of about 1 log were observed at the lowest viral concentrations. At higher concentrations, an increase of retention up to 5 log was obtained. These results highlight the potential overestimation of UF efficiency during laboratory experiments realized at high concentrations, compared to low concentrations found in environmental resources. In agreement with other studies, higher retentions at high concentrations could be explained by formation of viral aggregates, which could facilitate the steric exclusion but also modify the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between isolated viruses/aggregates and membrane. Virus retentions with a fresh mineral water (Evian water) and seawater were compared. Seawater achieved higher retention rates for Tulane virus due to the membrane fouling.

In many cases, a low retention rate of first-term sailors indicates that unsatisfactory sailors who are struggling to find guidance also cannot find a career path that fits them. Helping each sailor find their best fit can improve the retention rate in the Navy. The Navy recently developed the Job Opportunities In the Navy (JOIN) program to help sailors find their career paths on the Bureau of Naval Personnel Online. However, there are not enough data to support the effectiveness of JOIN. Based on a dataset obtained from the Navy Enlisted System, we first analyze which factors correlate to sailors’ stays in the Navy. Then using the results from the first part of the analysis, we set up a probability distribution model to maximize the retention rate of enlisted sailors in the Navy. The result from this study can be used to help first-term sailors with JOIN. First, we conduct an analysis using a binomial logistic regression model and then calculate the model’s accuracy using a confusion matrix. Second, using the variables we select in the first part of our analysis, we set up an optimization model, specifically a probability distribution model, to maximize the retention rates of enlisted sailors. Our model produces a list of rates, from the highest probability of retention rate to the lowest probability for recruits., Lieutenant, United States Navy, Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

Shellfish as a foodstuff must meet sanitary quality objectives for the protection of consumers and this quality is closely linked to the water. The oyster industry considered this challenge related to contaminations and currently, the major risk of disease is due to the presence of norovirus (NoV) since all oyster-consuming countries report outbreaks of gastroenteritis linked to the presence of this microorganism. Ultrafiltration has already demonstrated to be efficient for viral protection of oyster farms in previous studies. In this work, retention by ultrafiltration of Tulane virus, a NoV surrogate, was evaluated. The effect of virus concentration in the feed on the ultrafiltration efficiency has been assessed. Low retentions of about 1 log were observed at the lowest viral concentrations. At higher concentrations, an increase of retention up to 5 log was obtained. These results highlight the potential overestimation of UF efficiency during laboratory experiments realized at high concentrations, compared to low concentrations found in environmental resources. In agreement with other studies, higher retentions at high concentrations could be explained by formation of viral aggregates, which could facilitate the steric exclusion but also modify the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between isolated viruses/aggregates and membrane. Virus retentions with a fresh mineral water (Evian water) and seawater were compared. Seawater achieved higher retention rates for Tulane virus due to the membrane fouling.

Purpose: Epilepsy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is rare, and longitudinal clinical studies evaluating treatment with antiseizure medications (ASMs) are difficult to conduct. We instead designed a nationwide register study to estimate retention rates of ASMs prescribed as initial monotherapy for epilepsy in MS and inves-tigated factors influencing their retention. Methods: multiple sclerosis patients with a first prescription of ASM for epilepsy were identified by cross-referencing the Swedish MS register with comprehensive national registers. One and five-year retention rates of ASMs were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox proportional regression was employed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of discontinuation for different ASMs as well as for baseline predictors. Results: One hundred and twenty-nine MS patients were included. The most commonly prescribed ASMs were: carbamazepine (n = 38, 29.5%), lamotrigine (n = 33, 25.6%) and levetiracetam (n = 19, 14.7%). One-year retention rates (95% CI) were: lamotrigine 87.5% [76, 98.9], carbamazepine 60.5% [45, 76], levetiracetam 60.2% [37.2, 83.2], valproate 51.3% [23, 79.6] and phenytoin 44.4% [11.8, 77]. Fiveyear retention rates (95% CI) were: lamotrigine 74.4% [57.3, 91.5], carbamazepine 52.2% [34.9, 69.4], valproate 51.3% [23.1, 79.5] and phenytoin 14.8% [0, 40.9]. With carbamazepine as reference, lam-otrigine was the only ASM that displayed a lower hazard of discontinuation, HR 0.41 [0.17, 0.99]. We could not identify any baseline factors that influenced the risk of discontinuation. Conclusion: Lamotrigine displayed the lowest risk of discontinuation when prescribed as initial monotherapy for epilepsy in MS. Newer ASMs generally compared well to older ones, at least suggesting non-inferiority.

Purpose: Epilepsy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is rare, and longitudinal clinical studies evaluating treatment with antiseizure medications (ASMs) are difficult to conduct. We instead designed a nationwide register study to estimate retention rates of ASMs prescribed as initial monotherapy for epilepsy in MS and inves-tigated factors influencing their retention. Methods: multiple sclerosis patients with a first prescription of ASM for epilepsy were identified by cross-referencing the Swedish MS register with comprehensive national registers. One and five-year retention rates of ASMs were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox proportional regression was employed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of discontinuation for different ASMs as well as for baseline predictors. Results: One hundred and twenty-nine MS patients were included. The most commonly prescribed ASMs were: carbamazepine (n = 38, 29.5%), lamotrigine (n = 33, 25.6%) and levetiracetam (n = 19, 14.7%). One-year retention rates (95% CI) were: lamotrigine 87.5% [76, 98.9], carbamazepine 60.5% [45, 76], levetiracetam 60.2% [37.2, 83.2], valproate 51.3% [23, 79.6] and phenytoin 44.4% [11.8, 77]. Fiveyear retention rates (95% CI) were: lamotrigine 74.4% [57.3, 91.5], carbamazepine 52.2% [34.9, 69.4], valproate 51.3% [23.1, 79.5] and phenytoin 14.8% [0, 40.9]. With carbamazepine as reference, lam-otrigine was the only ASM that displayed a lower hazard of discontinuation, HR 0.41 [0.17, 0.99]. We could not identify any baseline factors that influenced the risk of discontinuation. Conclusion: Lamotrigine displayed the lowest risk of discontinuation when prescribed as initial monotherapy for epilepsy in MS. Newer ASMs generally compared well to older ones, at least suggesting non-inferiority.

Purpose: Epilepsy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is rare, and longitudinal clinical studies evaluating treatment with antiseizure medications (ASMs) are difficult to conduct. We instead designed a nationwide register study to estimate retention rates of ASMs prescribed as initial monotherapy for epilepsy in MS and inves-tigated factors influencing their retention. Methods: multiple sclerosis patients with a first prescription of ASM for epilepsy were identified by cross-referencing the Swedish MS register with comprehensive national registers. One and five-year retention rates of ASMs were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox proportional regression was employed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of discontinuation for different ASMs as well as for baseline predictors. Results: One hundred and twenty-nine MS patients were included. The most commonly prescribed ASMs were: carbamazepine (n = 38, 29.5%), lamotrigine (n = 33, 25.6%) and levetiracetam (n = 19, 14.7%). One-year retention rates (95% CI) were: lamotrigine 87.5% [76, 98.9], carbamazepine 60.5% [45, 76], levetiracetam 60.2% [37.2, 83.2], valproate 51.3% [23, 79.6] and phenytoin 44.4% [11.8, 77]. Fiveyear retention rates (95% CI) were: lamotrigine 74.4% [57.3, 91.5], carbamazepine 52.2% [34.9, 69.4], valproate 51.3% [23.1, 79.5] and phenytoin 14.8% [0, 40.9]. With carbamazepine as reference, lam-otrigine was the only ASM that displayed a lower hazard of discontinuation, HR 0.41 [0.17, 0.99]. We could not identify any baseline factors that influenced the risk of discontinuation. Conclusion: Lamotrigine displayed the lowest risk of discontinuation when prescribed as initial monotherapy for epilepsy in MS. Newer ASMs generally compared well to older ones, at least suggesting non-inferiority.

Purpose: Epilepsy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is rare, and longitudinal clinical studies evaluating treatment with antiseizure medications (ASMs) are difficult to conduct. We instead designed a nationwide register study to estimate retention rates of ASMs prescribed as initial monotherapy for epilepsy in MS and inves-tigated factors influencing their retention. Methods: multiple sclerosis patients with a first prescription of ASM for epilepsy were identified by cross-referencing the Swedish MS register with comprehensive national registers. One and five-year retention rates of ASMs were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox proportional regression was employed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of discontinuation for different ASMs as well as for baseline predictors. Results: One hundred and twenty-nine MS patients were included. The most commonly prescribed ASMs were: carbamazepine (n = 38, 29.5%), lamotrigine (n = 33, 25.6%) and levetiracetam (n = 19, 14.7%). One-year retention rates (95% CI) were: lamotrigine 87.5% [76, 98.9], carbamazepine 60.5% [45, 76], levetiracetam 60.2% [37.2, 83.2], valproate 51.3% [23, 79.6] and phenytoin 44.4% [11.8, 77]. Fiveyear retention rates (95% CI) were: lamotrigine 74.4% [57.3, 91.5], carbamazepine 52.2% [34.9, 69.4], valproate 51.3% [23.1, 79.5] and phenytoin 14.8% [0, 40.9]. With carbamazepine as reference, lam-otrigine was the only ASM that displayed a lower hazard of discontinuation, HR 0.41 [0.17, 0.99]. We could not identify any baseline factors that influenced the risk of discontinuation. Conclusion: Lamotrigine displayed the lowest risk of discontinuation when prescribed as initial monotherapy for epilepsy in MS. Newer ASMs generally compared well to older ones, at least suggesting non-inferiority.

This study investigated the strength of the relationship between peer-mentoring and retention rates of online undergraduate and graduate college students. Extant literature has reported consistently lower retention rates within the online college student community when compared to the retention rates of on-campus students. One possible means for countering low retention rates is providing a mentoring program to online students, which has had a positive effect on the retention rates of on-campus students, as reported by various studies. This quantitative correlational study examined the association between peer-mentoring and retention rates of online undergraduate and graduate students. The study utilized a sample size of 30 participants enrolled in a medium-sized suburban university located in the southeastern portion of the United States. Individuals were current undergraduate and graduate-level students. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: access to peer-mentoring or non-access to peer-mentoring. After collecting and triangulating enrollment data retrieved from university offices of admissions, financial aid, and registrar, the researcher used Fisher’s Exact Test analysis to determine the level of association between variables. A discussion of the results, limitations, and recommendations for future research is also provided.

Background and aims: Treatment options for PsA, following non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), include conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDS), particularly methotrexate (MTX). The present study was performed to determine the non-adherence and discontinuation rates of different methotrexate (MTX) formulations in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Approach and results: We performed a retrospective-cohort study on patients with PsA identified by disease-specific code in the administrative-health-databases of a Northern Italian region (Lombardy) between 2004 and 2015. Subjects were defined as non-adherent if less than 80% of the prescribed MTX dose was taken based on the time between each prescription. Discontinuation rates were calculated using the time between the first and the last MTX prescription over an observation period of 120 months. Among 8952 patients with PsA, 33% were treated with MTX (mean dosage 10 mg/week ± 2.5 mg standard deviation), more frequently (59%) in its parenteral formulation at a 10 mg weekly dosage (35%). Oral glucocorticoids were prescribed to 21% of patients, while non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to 45%. Approximately 37% of patients with PsA were defined as non-adherent to MTX, with the oral formulation associated with an increased risk of non-adherence (hazard ratio 2.08, 95% confidence interval 1.84–2.35, p < 0.001) compared with parenteral 10–15 mg weekly doses. Oral MTX was discontinued in 52% of cases without a significantly increased risk of discontinuation compared to parenteral formulations which, at higher dosages, had a more favorable retention rate. Conclusion: Oral MTX formulation is associated with a 2-fold risk of non-adherence compared to MTX parenteral route in PsA.

Purpose: Epilepsy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is rare, and longitudinal clinical studies evaluating treatment with antiseizure medications (ASMs) are difficult to conduct. We instead designed a nationwide register study to estimate retention rates of ASMs prescribed as initial monotherapy for epilepsy in MS and inves-tigated factors influencing their retention. Methods: multiple sclerosis patients with a first prescription of ASM for epilepsy were identified by cross-referencing the Swedish MS register with comprehensive national registers. One and five-year retention rates of ASMs were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox proportional regression was employed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of discontinuation for different ASMs as well as for baseline predictors. Results: One hundred and twenty-nine MS patients were included. The most commonly prescribed ASMs were: carbamazepine (n = 38, 29.5%), lamotrigine (n = 33, 25.6%) and levetiracetam (n = 19, 14.7%). One-year retention rates (95% CI) were: lamotrigine 87.5% [76, 98.9], carbamazepine 60.5% [45, 76], levetiracetam 60.2% [37.2, 83.2], valproate 51.3% [23, 79.6] and phenytoin 44.4% [11.8, 77]. Fiveyear retention rates (95% CI) were: lamotrigine 74.4% [57.3, 91.5], carbamazepine 52.2% [34.9, 69.4], valproate 51.3% [23.1, 79.5] and phenytoin 14.8% [0, 40.9]. With carbamazepine as reference, lam-otrigine was the only ASM that displayed a lower hazard of discontinuation, HR 0.41 [0.17, 0.99]. We could not identify any baseline factors that influenced the risk of discontinuation. Conclusion: Lamotrigine displayed the lowest risk of discontinuation when prescribed as initial monotherapy for epilepsy in MS. Newer ASMs generally compared well to older ones, at least suggesting non-inferiority.

Rörligheten på arbetsmarknaden är en aktuell fråga där krav ställs mot organisationerna för att uppfylla de anställdas behov. Det blir därmed extra viktigt för företagen att behålla sin personal eftersom de lätt kan gå till en annan arbetsgivare. Ett effektivt sätt att behålla sina anställda kan vara att ha ett välutvecklat employer branding som även kallas för arbetsgivarvarumärke. Syftet med studien var att få en bättre förståelse om hur organisationer inom olika branscher arbetar med intern employer branding och att därefter hitta framgångsfaktorer för att förbättra dess förmåga att behålla sin personal. För att uppnå syftet med denna studie genomfördes en kvalitativ forskningsansats. Därav genomfördes fem semistrukturerade intervjuer. Urvalet valdes slumpmässigt från olika organisationer inom HR eller employer branding-ansvariga. Studiens empiriska data inkluderar intervjuer från olika organisationer som är benämnda efter A-E. Studiens resultat visar underliggande teman av kompetensutveckling, karriärvägar, ledarskapet hos chefer och förändring av anställdas beteende för att anknyta till organisationens värderingar. Organisationerna kan därmed använda sig av dessa framgångsfaktorer för att med större möjlighet få ett mer effektivt internt employer brand., Mobility in the labor market is a current issue. Demands are placed on companies to meet the needs of employees. This makes it important for companies to retain their employees because they can easily move to another employer. One effective way to retain the employees it is to have a well-developed employer branding. The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of how companies work with internal employer branding and to find possible success factors to enhance its ability to retain staff. In order to reach the purpose of this paper has a qualitative study been conducted in forms of semi-structured interviews. It has been selected respondents randomly from different organization either HR or employer branding manager. The study’s empirical data consists of interviews with five different organizations named after A-E. The study shows different factors that can be successful in working with internal employer branding. It shows underlying themes of competence development, career paths, leadership of managers and change of employee behavior.

A critical aspect for organizational performance is recruiting “the right” people. Great talent serves as a foundation for great companies and a strong pool of candidates is a prerequisite for success. It is furthermore necessary to have an effective recruitment process in order to attract high quality candidates. Slow-paced recruiting processes may serve as a bottleneck to growth meanwhile an effective recruitment process within an organization speaks volumes about the company. It is a direct reflection of the professionalism and validity of the business while leaving its mark on both current and prospective employees. Referral-based recruiting is often referred to as the “holy grail” of recruiting strategies and is an industry term for when a someone, such as a current employee, supplies a candidate from their own network to the recruiter. The strategy capitalizes on the social and professional networks of people in order to generate candidates and is often combined with rewards to incentivize recommendations. Many claims that the recruitment method yields advantages such as increased candidate quality, retention rate and reduced time to hire etc. However, often, these claims are not peer reviewed and lack the empirical evidence to support these claims. This research aims to contribute with knowledge to what role referral-based recruiting plays within Stockholm and to learn more about how the social processes and human elements affects the outcome. Furthermore, how the recruitment method impacts the assessed quality of the candidate pool and recruitment process. A total of six managers active within recruiting in Stockholm has been interviewed for this research. The managers were each asked to describe and evaluate the hiring of five candidates and their respective recruitment process. The empirical results were analyzed in combination to the theoretical framework. Through the analysis, the conclusion was drawn that referral-based recruiting in fact appears to off

Rörligheten på arbetsmarknaden är en aktuell fråga där krav ställs mot organisationerna för att uppfylla de anställdas behov. Det blir därmed extra viktigt för företagen att behålla sin personal eftersom de lätt kan gå till en annan arbetsgivare. Ett effektivt sätt att behålla sina anställda kan vara att ha ett välutvecklat employer branding som även kallas för arbetsgivarvarumärke. Syftet med studien var att få en bättre förståelse om hur organisationer inom olika branscher arbetar med intern employer branding och att därefter hitta framgångsfaktorer för att förbättra dess förmåga att behålla sin personal. För att uppnå syftet med denna studie genomfördes en kvalitativ forskningsansats. Därav genomfördes fem semistrukturerade intervjuer. Urvalet valdes slumpmässigt från olika organisationer inom HR eller employer branding-ansvariga. Studiens empiriska data inkluderar intervjuer från olika organisationer som är benämnda efter A-E. Studiens resultat visar underliggande teman av kompetensutveckling, karriärvägar, ledarskapet hos chefer och förändring av anställdas beteende för att anknyta till organisationens värderingar. Organisationerna kan därmed använda sig av dessa framgångsfaktorer för att med större möjlighet få ett mer effektivt internt employer brand., Mobility in the labor market is a current issue. Demands are placed on companies to meet the needs of employees. This makes it important for companies to retain their employees because they can easily move to another employer. One effective way to retain the employees it is to have a well-developed employer branding. The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of how companies work with internal employer branding and to find possible success factors to enhance its ability to retain staff. In order to reach the purpose of this paper has a qualitative study been conducted in forms of semi-structured interviews. It has been selected respondents randomly from different organization either HR or employer branding manager. The study’s empirical data consists of interviews with five different organizations named after A-E. The study shows different factors that can be successful in working with internal employer branding. It shows underlying themes of competence development, career paths, leadership of managers and change of employee behavior.

A critical aspect for organizational performance is recruiting “the right” people. Great talent serves as a foundation for great companies and a strong pool of candidates is a prerequisite for success. It is furthermore necessary to have an effective recruitment process in order to attract high quality candidates. Slow-paced recruiting processes may serve as a bottleneck to growth meanwhile an effective recruitment process within an organization speaks volumes about the company. It is a direct reflection of the professionalism and validity of the business while leaving its mark on both current and prospective employees. Referral-based recruiting is often referred to as the “holy grail” of recruiting strategies and is an industry term for when a someone, such as a current employee, supplies a candidate from their own network to the recruiter. The strategy capitalizes on the social and professional networks of people in order to generate candidates and is often combined with rewards to incentivize recommendations. Many claims that the recruitment method yields advantages such as increased candidate quality, retention rate and reduced time to hire etc. However, often, these claims are not peer reviewed and lack the empirical evidence to support these claims. This research aims to contribute with knowledge to what role referral-based recruiting plays within Stockholm and to learn more about how the social processes and human elements affects the outcome. Furthermore, how the recruitment method impacts the assessed quality of the candidate pool and recruitment process. A total of six managers active within recruiting in Stockholm has been interviewed for this research. The managers were each asked to describe and evaluate the hiring of five candidates and their respective recruitment process. The empirical results were analyzed in combination to the theoretical framework. Through the analysis, the conclusion was drawn that referral-based recruiting in fact appears to off

This paper estimates the effect of cost sharing on the sustainability of the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) from the point of view of enrollment, utilization, and financing. We use data from a nationwide survey to estimate the retention of subscribers and propensity to utilize the scheme's benefit package under a cost sharing policy. The estimates from the survey are used together with data on the Ghana NHIS, to estimate the patronage, and financial status of the Ghana NHIS had cost sharing been introduced. The result indicates that a 5% cost sharing rate would have kept the scheme in surplus between 2007 and 2015. In addition, the 5% cost sharing rate would have led to virtually no change in enrollment and would have reduced utilization rate by about 15%. It is also found that women have higher enrollment and utilization of health insurance than men under cost sharing. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This paper estimates the effect of cost sharing on the sustainability of the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) from the point of view of enrollment, utilization, and financing. We use data from a nationwide survey to estimate the retention of subscribers and propensity to utilize the scheme's benefit package under a cost sharing policy. The estimates from the survey are used together with data on the Ghana NHIS, to estimate the patronage, and financial status of the Ghana NHIS had cost sharing been introduced. The result indicates that a 5% cost sharing rate would have kept the scheme in surplus between 2007 and 2015. In addition, the 5% cost sharing rate would have led to virtually no change in enrollment and would have reduced utilization rate by about 15%. It is also found that women have higher enrollment and utilization of health insurance than men under cost sharing. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Дисертацію присвячено удосконаленню технологічного процесу одержання паперу і картону із вторинної сировини за рахунок використання амфотерних полімерних смол. Досліджено процес водопоглинання різних марок макулатури та розраховано швидкість водопоглинання досліджуваних марок макулатури на різних його стадіях. За допомогою 1Н і 13С ЯМР – спектроскопії розраховано відносний вміст азетидинових груп в амфотерних полімерних смолах та їх вплив на показники якості картонно-паперової продукції. Досліджено високу ефективність АПС на ступінь утримання волокна на сітці папероробної машини та зниження забруднення підсіткових вод. За збільшенням ефективності впливу АПС на ступінь утримання волокна і зменшення каламутності підсіткових вод досліджувані АПС розташовуються в такій послідовності: Luresin KS – Eka WS 325 – Kymene 25X-Cel –– Fennostrength PА 21 – Ультрарез 200. Встановлено вплив технологічних параметрів використання АПС (витрата, ступінь млива та температура волокнистої суспензії) на швидкість зневоднення макулатурної маси. Показано закономірності використання АПС як катіонних флокулянтів у процесі освітлення підсіткових вод та визначено умови його інтенсифікації.

Дисертацію присвячено удосконаленню технологічного процесу одержання паперу і картону із вторинної сировини за рахунок використання амфотерних полімерних смол. Досліджено процес водопоглинання різних марок макулатури та розраховано швидкість водопоглинання досліджуваних марок макулатури на різних його стадіях. За допомогою 1Н і 13С ЯМР – спектроскопії розраховано відносний вміст азетидинових груп в амфотерних полімерних смолах та їх вплив на показники якості картонно-паперової продукції. Досліджено високу ефективність АПС на ступінь утримання волокна на сітці папероробної машини та зниження забруднення підсіткових вод. За збільшенням ефективності впливу АПС на ступінь утримання волокна і зменшення каламутності підсіткових вод досліджувані АПС розташовуються в такій послідовності: Luresin KS – Eka WS 325 – Kymene 25X-Cel –– Fennostrength PА 21 – Ультрарез 200. Встановлено вплив технологічних параметрів використання АПС (витрата, ступінь млива та температура волокнистої суспензії) на швидкість зневоднення макулатурної маси. Показано закономірності використання АПС як катіонних флокулянтів у процесі освітлення підсіткових вод та визначено умови його інтенсифікації., The thesis is devoted to the improvement of the technological process of obtaining paper and cardboard from wastepaper through the use of amphoteric polymer resins (APR), which will help to reduce the amount of solid waste, to reduce water consumption and to increase physical and mechanical factors of cardboard and paper products. The characteristics of the fibers of recycled paper and APR, used for the production of paper and cardboard, are determined. It is defined that the process of water absorption of wastepaper consists of three stages: rapid water absorption, slow water absorption and the stage of reaching the saturation limit. It is determined that wastepaper with increasing capacity for water absorption are arranged in the following sequence: wastepaper of MS-8B-3 grade - wastepaper of MS-7B-2 grade - wastepaper of MS-6B-3 grade - wastepaper of MS-5B-2 grade. It is shown that the use of 1H NMR spectra is useful only for qualitative assessment of APR azetidine groups and it is expedient to use 13C NMR spectroscopy to studying the structural and functional features of resin macromolecules. Using 13C NMR spectroscopy, the relative content of azetidine groups in APR various types was calculated and the mechanism of interaction of APR with cellulose macromolecules of auxiliary fibrous intermediates was studied. The regularities of the influence of APR azetidine groups on the physical and mechanical properties of paper and cardboard were determined, taking into account various conditions for the formation of paper and cardboard. It is shown that, depending on the APR type, the content of these groups from theoretically possible varies within a wide range from 7% to 81%. It was determined that Ultrarez 200 with azetidine content of 76% is the most effective APR among the reagents to achieve the quality indicators of cardboard and paper products. The influence of APR on the process of forming paper and cardboard from auxiliary raw materials is studied, depending on, Диссертация посвящена усовершенствованию технологического процесса получения бумаги и картона из вторичного сырья за счет использования амфотерных полимерных смол. Исследовано процесс водопоглощения различных марок макулатуры и рассчитана скорость водопоглощения марок макулатуры на разных стадиях. С помощью 1Н и 13С ЯМР  спектроскопии рассчитано относительное содержание азетидинових групп в амфотерных полимерных смолах. Исследована высокая эффективность воздействия АПС на степень удержания волокна на сетке бумагоделательной машины и снижение загрязнения подсеточных вод. По возрастанию эффективности влияния АПС на степень удержания волокна и уменьшению мутности подсеточных вод исследованные АПС располагаются в такой последовательности: Luresin KS – Eka WS 325 – Kymene 25X-Cel –– Fennostrength PА 21 – Ультрарез 200. Установлено влияние технологических параметров использования АПС (расход, степень помола и температура волокнистой суспензии) на скорость обезвоживания макулатурной массы. Показаны закономерности использования АПС как катионных флокулянтов в процессе осветления подсеточных вод и определены условия его интенсификации.

Vegetation filters planted with short rotation coppice willow or poplar have been increasingly utilized for treating municipal residues rich in potential pollutants, namely sludge and wastewater. This thesis provides a comprehensive review of studies carried out so far into biomass production and treatment efficiency of such systems and outlines what factors influence the amount of residue that can be treated. The reviewed studies generally reported positive yield response, especially when treated with wastewater due to its irrigation effect. The growth response was less pronounced on fertile soil or soils with enough precipitation. Biomass production was directly related to treatment efficiency as it affected uptake of the applied nutrients and heavy metals. A distinction is made between such removal rates and retention rates of a vegetation filter, which instead describe reduction in the mass of a pollutant found in the drainage water compared to the input values. While the proportion of the applied pollutant removed in the harvested biomass, as a rule, decreased with higher residue input, the retention rates were found to rise in some studies. This is generally explained by higher denitrification rates, particularly in wastewater irrigated fields. Factors such as soil type, species and clone choice, time of application and harvest, climate were all observed to affect treatment efficiency of a vegetation filter and thus the amount of nutrients that can be sustainably applied onto it. While the optimal application rates of sludge are limited by the maximum amount of phosphorus due to its high concentrations, wastewater irrigation rates vary based on climatic conditions.

Vegetation filters planted with short rotation coppice willow or poplar have been increasingly utilized for treating municipal residues rich in potential pollutants, namely sludge and wastewater. This thesis provides a comprehensive review of studies carried out so far into biomass production and treatment efficiency of such systems and outlines what factors influence the amount of residue that can be treated. The reviewed studies generally reported positive yield response, especially when treated with wastewater due to its irrigation effect. The growth response was less pronounced on fertile soil or soils with enough precipitation. Biomass production was directly related to treatment efficiency as it affected uptake of the applied nutrients and heavy metals. A distinction is made between such removal rates and retention rates of a vegetation filter, which instead describe reduction in the mass of a pollutant found in the drainage water compared to the input values. While the proportion of the applied pollutant removed in the harvested biomass, as a rule, decreased with higher residue input, the retention rates were found to rise in some studies. This is generally explained by higher denitrification rates, particularly in wastewater irrigated fields. Factors such as soil type, species and clone choice, time of application and harvest, climate were all observed to affect treatment efficiency of a vegetation filter and thus the amount of nutrients that can be sustainably applied onto it. While the optimal application rates of sludge are limited by the maximum amount of phosphorus due to its high concentrations, wastewater irrigation rates vary based on climatic conditions.

Benthic suspension feeders play essential roles in the functioning of marine ecosystems. By filtering large volumes of water, removing plankton and detritus, and excreting particulate and dissolved compounds, they serve as important agents for benthic-pelagic coupling. Accurately measuring the compounds removed and excreted by suspension feeders (such as sponges, ascidians, polychaetes, bivalves) is crucial for the study of their physiology, metabolism, and feeding ecology, and is fundamental to determine the ecological relevance of the nutrient fluxes mediated by these organisms. However, the assessment of the rate by which suspension feeders process particulate and dissolved compounds in nature is restricted by the limitations of the currently available methodologies. Our goal was to develop a simple, reliable, and non-intrusive method that would allow clean and controlled water sampling from a specific point, such as the excurrent aperture of benthic suspension feeders, in situ. Our method allows simultaneous sampling of inhaled and exhaled water of the studied organism by using minute tubes installed on a custom-built manipulator device and carefully positioned inside the exhalant orifice of the sampled organism. Piercing a septum on the collecting vessel with a syringe needle attached to the distal end of each tube allows the external pressure to slowly force the sampled water into the vessel through the sampling tube. The slow and controlled sampling rate allows integrating the inherent patchiness in the water while ensuring contamination free sampling. We provide recommendations for the most suitable filtering devices, collection vessel, and storing procedures for the analyses of different particulate and dissolved compounds. The VacuSIP system offers a reliable method for the quantification of undisturbed suspension feeder metabolism in natural conditions that is cheap and easy to learn and apply to assess the physiology and functional role of filter feeders

Despite the popularity of Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), recent studies have found that completion rates are low with some reported to be significantly lower than 10%. The low retention and completion rates are major concerns for educators and institutions. This paper investigates motivations for enrolling in a MOOC on the topic of ‘e-learning’ and discusses reasons for the attrition rates during the course. A survey of 134 students who had not completed the MOOC reveals that only 22% of the students had intended to complete the MOOC but was unable to due to various factors including academic and personal reasons. A big majority of the students indicated that changes in their job, insufficient time, difficulty with the subject matter and unchallenging activities are some of the reasons for the drop-out.

Background: Eutrophication of aquatic environments is a major environmental problem in large parts of the world.In Europe, EU legislation (the Water Framework Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive),international conventions (OSPAR, HELCOM) and national environmental objectives emphasize the need to reducethe input of plant nutrients to freshwater and marine environments. A widely used method to achieve this is to letwater pass through a constructed or restored wetland (CW). However, the large variation in measured nutrientremoval rates in such wetlands calls for a systematic review. The objective of this review is to quantify nitrogen andphosphorus removal rates in constructed or restored wetlands and relate them to wetland characteristics, loading characteristics, and climate factors. Wetlands are created to treat water from a number of different sources. Sources that will be considered in this review include agricultural runoff and urban storm water run-off, as well as aquaculture wastewater and outlets from domestic wastewater treatment plants, with particular attention to thesituation in Sweden. Although the performance of wetlands in temperate and boreal regions is most relevant tothe Swedish stakeholders a wider range of climatic conditions will be considered in order to make a thorough evaluation of climatic factors. Methods: Searches for primary studies will be performed in electronic databases as well as on the internet. Oneauthor will perform the screening of all retrieved articles at the title and abstract level. To check that the screeningis consistent and complies with the agreed inclusion/exclusion criteria, subsets of 100 articles will be screened by the other authors. When screening at full-text level the articles will be evenly distributed among the authors. Kappatests will be used to evaluate screening consistency. Data synthesis will be based on meta-regression. The nutrient removal rates will be taken as response variables and the

Background: Eutrophication of aquatic environments is a major environmental problem in large parts of the world.In Europe, EU legislation (the Water Framework Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive),international conventions (OSPAR, HELCOM) and national environmental objectives emphasize the need to reducethe input of plant nutrients to freshwater and marine environments. A widely used method to achieve this is to letwater pass through a constructed or restored wetland (CW). However, the large variation in measured nutrientremoval rates in such wetlands calls for a systematic review. The objective of this review is to quantify nitrogen andphosphorus removal rates in constructed or restored wetlands and relate them to wetland characteristics, loading characteristics, and climate factors. Wetlands are created to treat water from a number of different sources. Sources that will be considered in this review include agricultural runoff and urban storm water run-off, as well as aquaculture wastewater and outlets from domestic wastewater treatment plants, with particular attention to thesituation in Sweden. Although the performance of wetlands in temperate and boreal regions is most relevant tothe Swedish stakeholders a wider range of climatic conditions will be considered in order to make a thorough evaluation of climatic factors. Methods: Searches for primary studies will be performed in electronic databases as well as on the internet. Oneauthor will perform the screening of all retrieved articles at the title and abstract level. To check that the screeningis consistent and complies with the agreed inclusion/exclusion criteria, subsets of 100 articles will be screened by the other authors. When screening at full-text level the articles will be evenly distributed among the authors. Kappatests will be used to evaluate screening consistency. Data synthesis will be based on meta-regression. The nutrient removal rates will be taken as response variables and the

Objective: To compare drug survival of different anti-TNF drugs (inliximab, INF, etanercept, ETA, and adalimumab, ADA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) by analysing data collected from an Italian multicentre observational cohort study.Methods: All patients with RA or SpA registered in the MonitorNet database who started their irst course of anti-TNF therapy were included.Overall drug survival was measured, along with speciic reasons of discontinuation (ineficacy or adverse events).A first set of analyses using RA as reference category assessed the relationship between diagnosis and drug survival.A second set of analyses stratiied by diagnosis (RA and SpA) used INF as reference drug.Adjustment for confounders was performed.The results are presented as adjusted hazard ratios (adjHR) and 95% conidence intervals (95%CI).Results: 2640 RA patients and 1220 SpA patients with a median follow-up of 17 months (IQR 7.2-33.4) were included in the analyses.Patients with a diagnosis of SpA showed a lower risk of drug discontinuation with an adjHR (95%CI) of 0.81 (0.73, 0.90).In SpA, the subset of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) showed the best survival on treatment.In RA, both ETA and ADA showed a signiicantly lower probability of withdrawal when compared to INF [adjHR (95%CI) 0.46 (0.38, 0.56) and 0.68 (0.57, 0.81), respectively].Similar results were found in SpA.Conclusion: Drug survival for SpA is longer than that in RA mainly due to the AS subgroup.In both RA and SpA, ETA and ADA showed a better retention on treatment when compared to INF.

Background: Eutrophication of aquatic environments is a major environmental problem in large parts of the world.In Europe, EU legislation (the Water Framework Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive),international conventions (OSPAR, HELCOM) and national environmental objectives emphasize the need to reducethe input of plant nutrients to freshwater and marine environments. A widely used method to achieve this is to letwater pass through a constructed or restored wetland (CW). However, the large variation in measured nutrientremoval rates in such wetlands calls for a systematic review. The objective of this review is to quantify nitrogen andphosphorus removal rates in constructed or restored wetlands and relate them to wetland characteristics, loading characteristics, and climate factors. Wetlands are created to treat water from a number of different sources. Sources that will be considered in this review include agricultural runoff and urban storm water run-off, as well as aquaculture wastewater and outlets from domestic wastewater treatment plants, with particular attention to thesituation in Sweden. Although the performance of wetlands in temperate and boreal regions is most relevant tothe Swedish stakeholders a wider range of climatic conditions will be considered in order to make a thorough evaluation of climatic factors. Methods: Searches for primary studies will be performed in electronic databases as well as on the internet. Oneauthor will perform the screening of all retrieved articles at the title and abstract level. To check that the screeningis consistent and complies with the agreed inclusion/exclusion criteria, subsets of 100 articles will be screened by the other authors. When screening at full-text level the articles will be evenly distributed among the authors. Kappatests will be used to evaluate screening consistency. Data synthesis will be based on meta-regression. The nutrient removal rates will be taken as response variables and the

Objective: To compare drug survival of different anti-TNF drugs (inliximab, INF, etanercept, ETA, and adalimumab, ADA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) by analysing data collected from an Italian multicentre observational cohort study.Methods: All patients with RA or SpA registered in the MonitorNet database who started their irst course of anti-TNF therapy were included.Overall drug survival was measured, along with speciic reasons of discontinuation (ineficacy or adverse events).A first set of analyses using RA as reference category assessed the relationship between diagnosis and drug survival.A second set of analyses stratiied by diagnosis (RA and SpA) used INF as reference drug.Adjustment for confounders was performed.The results are presented as adjusted hazard ratios (adjHR) and 95% conidence intervals (95%CI).Results: 2640 RA patients and 1220 SpA patients with a median follow-up of 17 months (IQR 7.2-33.4) were included in the analyses.Patients with a diagnosis of SpA showed a lower risk of drug discontinuation with an adjHR (95%CI) of 0.81 (0.73, 0.90).In SpA, the subset of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) showed the best survival on treatment.In RA, both ETA and ADA showed a signiicantly lower probability of withdrawal when compared to INF [adjHR (95%CI) 0.46 (0.38, 0.56) and 0.68 (0.57, 0.81), respectively].Similar results were found in SpA.Conclusion: Drug survival for SpA is longer than that in RA mainly due to the AS subgroup.In both RA and SpA, ETA and ADA showed a better retention on treatment when compared to INF.

Background: Eutrophication of aquatic environments is a major environmental problem in large parts of the world.In Europe, EU legislation (the Water Framework Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive),international conventions (OSPAR, HELCOM) and national environmental objectives emphasize the need to reducethe input of plant nutrients to freshwater and marine environments. A widely used method to achieve this is to letwater pass through a constructed or restored wetland (CW). However, the large variation in measured nutrientremoval rates in such wetlands calls for a systematic review. The objective of this review is to quantify nitrogen andphosphorus removal rates in constructed or restored wetlands and relate them to wetland characteristics, loading characteristics, and climate factors. Wetlands are created to treat water from a number of different sources. Sources that will be considered in this review include agricultural runoff and urban storm water run-off, as well as aquaculture wastewater and outlets from domestic wastewater treatment plants, with particular attention to thesituation in Sweden. Although the performance of wetlands in temperate and boreal regions is most relevant tothe Swedish stakeholders a wider range of climatic conditions will be considered in order to make a thorough evaluation of climatic factors. Methods: Searches for primary studies will be performed in electronic databases as well as on the internet. Oneauthor will perform the screening of all retrieved articles at the title and abstract level. To check that the screeningis consistent and complies with the agreed inclusion/exclusion criteria, subsets of 100 articles will be screened by the other authors. When screening at full-text level the articles will be evenly distributed among the authors. Kappatests will be used to evaluate screening consistency. Data synthesis will be based on meta-regression. The nutrient removal rates will be taken as response variables and the

Background: Eutrophication of aquatic environments is a major environmental problem in large parts of the world.In Europe, EU legislation (the Water Framework Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive),international conventions (OSPAR, HELCOM) and national environmental objectives emphasize the need to reducethe input of plant nutrients to freshwater and marine environments. A widely used method to achieve this is to letwater pass through a constructed or restored wetland (CW). However, the large variation in measured nutrientremoval rates in such wetlands calls for a systematic review. The objective of this review is to quantify nitrogen andphosphorus removal rates in constructed or restored wetlands and relate them to wetland characteristics, loading characteristics, and climate factors. Wetlands are created to treat water from a number of different sources. Sources that will be considered in this review include agricultural runoff and urban storm water run-off, as well as aquaculture wastewater and outlets from domestic wastewater treatment plants, with particular attention to thesituation in Sweden. Although the performance of wetlands in temperate and boreal regions is most relevant tothe Swedish stakeholders a wider range of climatic conditions will be considered in order to make a thorough evaluation of climatic factors. Methods: Searches for primary studies will be performed in electronic databases as well as on the internet. Oneauthor will perform the screening of all retrieved articles at the title and abstract level. To check that the screeningis consistent and complies with the agreed inclusion/exclusion criteria, subsets of 100 articles will be screened by the other authors. When screening at full-text level the articles will be evenly distributed among the authors. Kappatests will be used to evaluate screening consistency. Data synthesis will be based on meta-regression. The nutrient removal rates will be taken as response variables and the

This thesis examines the effect of attrition on U.S. Marine Corps Reserve non-prior service marines who enlisted with a 6X2 contract in FY 1994-2005. Three cohorts were established to determine if the events of September 11, 2001 had any impact on attrition rates with this population. The Pre-9/11 cohort enlisted in FY 1994-1995 and was used as a control group. The Overlap-9/11 cohort enlisted in FY 1996-2001 and had no expectation of deployment, but many did deploy in support of the Global War on Terrorism. The Post-9/11 cohort enlisted in FY 2002-2005 after 9/11 with full expectation to deploy. The analysis included previous attrition studies, descriptive statistics, and two different probit regression models to determine the effects of various characteristics on attrition. The variables analyzed included deployment/mobilization variables, demographic variables, performance and physical fitness variables, education and aptitude variables, and geographic area of origin. The thesis found a decrease in attrition from the Pre-9/11 cohort to the Post-9/11 cohort. This was most likely caused by an increasing unemployment rate and deployments overseas. Deployments to combat areas decreased the probability of attrition. The other variables remained constant throughout the cohorts with predicted results. Overall, attrition was lower after 9/11, but as the economy improves and deployments decrease, attrition could return to Pre-9/11 levels., The original document contains color images.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of various freshman transition interventions on student academic achievement. Specifically, this study aimed to measure academic success by focusing upon ninth grade End of Course Test (EOCT) scores. The data were collected using a researcher-developed survey. After securing permission from all superintendents, the survey was electronically mailed to all high school principals within the state of Georgia. Among participating systems, the survey response rate was 78.4 percent. Based upon expert opinion, the twenty individual intervention items were categorized into three domains. The domain data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The researcher also ran correlative analysis. The results of this study indicated that no statistical significance existed regarding the implementation of freshman transition interventions and ninth grade EOCT scores. These results have probable implications for public school systems within the state of Georgia as how to best design the most effective programming for incoming ninth graders. Additionally, this information can assist educators, both at the district and state level, in designing the most effective and cost-effective strategies for transition intervention.

The dropout rate and academic progression of undergraduates in the business school was defined as very high. This definition has called for investigative procedures through basic testing techniques in selected Information Systems in Marketing modules taught in the business school. An evaluation framework was used with the intent of measuring the students? performance with reference to the level of support mechanism and resources utilised by the student. The research results will be used in enhancing and improving the resource provision and the best way to capture students needs and interest in order to minimise dropout rate and maximise achievement in terms of the academic progression rate. This will lead to development of model(s) for academics and practitioners.

The dropout rate and academic progression of undergraduates in the business school was defined as very high. This definition has called for investigative procedures through basic testing techniques in selected Information Systems in Marketing modules taught in the business school. An evaluation framework was used with the intent of measuring the students? performance with reference to the level of support mechanism and resources utilised by the student. The research results will be used in enhancing and improving the resource provision and the best way to capture students needs and interest in order to minimise dropout rate and maximise achievement in terms of the academic progression rate. This will lead to development of model(s) for academics and practitioners.

Our joint applied project produced a survey instrument to measure the perception of managers and provisioner subject-matter expert (SME) trainers in receiving cause-and-effect evidence for high turnover rates in the 0301 job series. We sought advice from branch managers and trainers about the validity of the survey instrument questions. This analysis determined which questions were suitable to display the correlation between turnover rates and generational differences. We created a survey instrument and sent it to 30 branch managers and provisioner SME trainers who had employees under functional series 0301 within their branches or directorates to gain feedback. They played an advisory role in reviewing the effectiveness of the survey. We analyzed the survey results for anomalies or inconsistencies and looked for questions that did not show clear negative or positive attitudes. This analysis helped decide which questions to keep, change, or remove for the final survey product. We did not use the results to assess the perceived correlation between turnover rates and generational differences; we used them to help refine the survey instrument. We recommend that Communications-Electronics Command--Integrated Logistics Service Center (CE-ILSC) share and implement the finalized Provisioner retention survey instrument with CP-17 series 0301 employees left in the command using an Internet survey site to ensure employee anonymity., http://archive.org/details/developmentofsui1094556163, Civilian, Department of the Army, Civilian, Department of the Army, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.