76 results on '"precarization"'
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2. The Price of Flexibility : Worker Alienation in the Age of Neoliberalism
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Mangao, June Ver and Mangao, June Ver
- Abstract
This research examines the impacts and implications of the Philippine labor export migration policy on the human rights conditions of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) in Kuwait, Hungary, and Poland with the specific objectives of determining the adequacy of legal protections provided by the policy. Through the use of a mixed-methods approach, which included qualitative field interviews and quantitative analysis, along with policy examination and an interdisciplinary approach, this research has uncovered alarming patterns of “alienation” and “systematic precarization” of migrant workers. This has resulted in the deterioration of the employment conditions of OFWs. The study, as extensively discussed in Chapters 6 and 7, has shown that the precarization of migrant workers is continuously occurring in Central Europe, specifically in Hungary and Poland. Meanwhile, OFWs in both contexts, Kuwait and Central Europe, have been subjected to highly exploitative and oppressive working conditions comparable to historical servitude and state-induced debt bondage. Notwithstanding the Philippine labor export migration law (RA 10022) designed to protect OFWs, this study has found that it falls short of providing complete protective measures, especially with regard to abusive treatment, systematic alienation, and precarization of migrant workers. The study also shows that OFWs are trapped in a vicious cycle, where the breakdown of employee-employer relationships and enslavement-like treatment result in a violent crackdown on their fundamental rights, leading to their unfortunate fate. Therefore, there is an urgent need for policy reforms to improve the legal dimension of OFWs’ protection abroad. This calls for reconsidering the Philippine labor export migration policy absorbed toward the promotion of just, fair, and inclusive international and national labor migration regulation to meet the challenges posed by neoliberal policies.
- Published
- 2024
3. The Caring Class: Precarization of paid care workers in long-term care and its relation to health, an intersectional perspective
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Duijs, Saskia Elise and Duijs, Saskia Elise
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SHORT SUMMARY The health of paid care workers in long-term care is under pressure, but not for all care workers alike (chapter 1 and 2). Therefore, this thesis addresses health inequities among paid care workers. This thesis presents several participatory studies which were conducted by the author, together with paid care workers and a professional photographer. These studies unravel the health strategies of women (chapter 3) and men (chapter 4) working in long-term care and the health issues of self-employed care workers (chapter 5) before and during (chapter 6) the COVID-19 pandemic. All studies were done from a critical gender, diversity-sensitive and intersectional perspective. They present insights for care workers, occupational health professionals, HRM professionals and policy makers in long-term care. This thesis is also relevant for Participatory Health Researchers (PHR) who aim to make their research more critical and diversity-sensitive, as it explores the relevance of intersectionality for PHR (chapter 7 and 8). A series of portraits ‘What You Don’t See’, made by photographer Janine Schrijver in co-creation with care workers and the author, is part of the research presented in this thesis (chapter 9). These portraits address urgent health issues that often remain invisible, including racism and poverty, which squeezes paid care workers out of the organizations into self-employment. Concerns about the health of paid care workers are a persistent societal issue in the Netherlands. They have become increasingly pressing as more and more paid care workers find themselves in precarious positions, no longer able to sustain their own health or support themselves financially. Therefore, this thesis explores the economic, societal and political forces that contribute to the precarization of paid care workers in the Netherlands (chapter 10). Protecting, maintaining and repairing the health of paid care workers is not just an issue of care workers or employers. It
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- 2023
- Full Text
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4. Towards a political economy of violence : Property and revanchism in West Thessaloniki
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Vrantsis, Nikolaos and Vrantsis, Nikolaos
- Abstract
Encompassing data from a year of field-based work in the neighborhood of Ksiladika, Thessaloniki in Northern Greece, I uncover a campaign of vigilante evictions of migrant squatters by local property owners. To contextualize this vigilante violence historically, I point to the distinct trajectory of the Greek property regime, carved by the minimal involvement of the state in welfare provision, the role of the family as a welfare substitute and a valorized norm hybridizing familism with a laissez-faire ethos linked to the possession of (residential) assets. Geographically, I marry Wacquant’s conceptualization of advanced urban marginality with rent gap theory to unearth the specificity of Ksiladika, a space at once relegated yet loaded with the promise of revaluation. I suggest that this violence is linked with what local impoverished landholders perceive as an opened rent gap that drives their pursuit to reorganize space according to the dictates of the markets as a way to secure, valorize and restore their property with its attendant meanings vis-a-vis the social reproduction squeeze brought about the economic restructuring of the Greek economy. Advancing Wacquant’s conceptualization of advanced urban marginality as an effect of the neoliberal state crafting on a global scale I suggest (i) that within the schematization of a neoliberal Janus-like centaur state that performs liberalism for the privileged and punitive paternalism for those at the social bottom, its punitive aspects are no longer reserved for the marginalized due to the expanding zone of precarity and (ii) that neoliberal governing is attained not merely by the penal apparatus of the state, but via a diversified repertoire of state responses, including the governing through the precarized subjects who internalize the postulates of the ideology of self-reliance mediated through possession of (residential) assets in times when the resource is scarce.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Towards a political economy of violence : Property and revanchism in West Thessaloniki
- Author
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Vrantsis, Nikolaos and Vrantsis, Nikolaos
- Abstract
Encompassing data from a year of field-based work in the neighborhood of Ksiladika, Thessaloniki in Northern Greece, I uncover a campaign of vigilante evictions of migrant squatters by local property owners. To contextualize this vigilante violence historically, I point to the distinct trajectory of the Greek property regime, carved by the minimal involvement of the state in welfare provision, the role of the family as a welfare substitute and a valorized norm hybridizing familism with a laissez-faire ethos linked to the possession of (residential) assets. Geographically, I marry Wacquant’s conceptualization of advanced urban marginality with rent gap theory to unearth the specificity of Ksiladika, a space at once relegated yet loaded with the promise of revaluation. I suggest that this violence is linked with what local impoverished landholders perceive as an opened rent gap that drives their pursuit to reorganize space according to the dictates of the markets as a way to secure, valorize and restore their property with its attendant meanings vis-a-vis the social reproduction squeeze brought about the economic restructuring of the Greek economy. Advancing Wacquant’s conceptualization of advanced urban marginality as an effect of the neoliberal state crafting on a global scale I suggest (i) that within the schematization of a neoliberal Janus-like centaur state that performs liberalism for the privileged and punitive paternalism for those at the social bottom, its punitive aspects are no longer reserved for the marginalized due to the expanding zone of precarity and (ii) that neoliberal governing is attained not merely by the penal apparatus of the state, but via a diversified repertoire of state responses, including the governing through the precarized subjects who internalize the postulates of the ideology of self-reliance mediated through possession of (residential) assets in times when the resource is scarce.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Towards a political economy of violence : Property and revanchism in West Thessaloniki
- Author
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Vrantsis, Nikolaos and Vrantsis, Nikolaos
- Abstract
Encompassing data from a year of field-based work in the neighborhood of Ksiladika, Thessaloniki in Northern Greece, I uncover a campaign of vigilante evictions of migrant squatters by local property owners. To contextualize this vigilante violence historically, I point to the distinct trajectory of the Greek property regime, carved by the minimal involvement of the state in welfare provision, the role of the family as a welfare substitute and a valorized norm hybridizing familism with a laissez-faire ethos linked to the possession of (residential) assets. Geographically, I marry Wacquant’s conceptualization of advanced urban marginality with rent gap theory to unearth the specificity of Ksiladika, a space at once relegated yet loaded with the promise of revaluation. I suggest that this violence is linked with what local impoverished landholders perceive as an opened rent gap that drives their pursuit to reorganize space according to the dictates of the markets as a way to secure, valorize and restore their property with its attendant meanings vis-a-vis the social reproduction squeeze brought about the economic restructuring of the Greek economy. Advancing Wacquant’s conceptualization of advanced urban marginality as an effect of the neoliberal state crafting on a global scale I suggest (i) that within the schematization of a neoliberal Janus-like centaur state that performs liberalism for the privileged and punitive paternalism for those at the social bottom, its punitive aspects are no longer reserved for the marginalized due to the expanding zone of precarity and (ii) that neoliberal governing is attained not merely by the penal apparatus of the state, but via a diversified repertoire of state responses, including the governing through the precarized subjects who internalize the postulates of the ideology of self-reliance mediated through possession of (residential) assets in times when the resource is scarce.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Towards a political economy of violence : Property and revanchism in West Thessaloniki
- Author
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Vrantsis, Nikolaos and Vrantsis, Nikolaos
- Abstract
Encompassing data from a year of field-based work in the neighborhood of Ksiladika, Thessaloniki in Northern Greece, I uncover a campaign of vigilante evictions of migrant squatters by local property owners. To contextualize this vigilante violence historically, I point to the distinct trajectory of the Greek property regime, carved by the minimal involvement of the state in welfare provision, the role of the family as a welfare substitute and a valorized norm hybridizing familism with a laissez-faire ethos linked to the possession of (residential) assets. Geographically, I marry Wacquant’s conceptualization of advanced urban marginality with rent gap theory to unearth the specificity of Ksiladika, a space at once relegated yet loaded with the promise of revaluation. I suggest that this violence is linked with what local impoverished landholders perceive as an opened rent gap that drives their pursuit to reorganize space according to the dictates of the markets as a way to secure, valorize and restore their property with its attendant meanings vis-a-vis the social reproduction squeeze brought about the economic restructuring of the Greek economy. Advancing Wacquant’s conceptualization of advanced urban marginality as an effect of the neoliberal state crafting on a global scale I suggest (i) that within the schematization of a neoliberal Janus-like centaur state that performs liberalism for the privileged and punitive paternalism for those at the social bottom, its punitive aspects are no longer reserved for the marginalized due to the expanding zone of precarity and (ii) that neoliberal governing is attained not merely by the penal apparatus of the state, but via a diversified repertoire of state responses, including the governing through the precarized subjects who internalize the postulates of the ideology of self-reliance mediated through possession of (residential) assets in times when the resource is scarce.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Sindicatos e a reforma trabalhista: análise da precarização do trabalho
- Author
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Rodrigues, Maria Cristina Paulo, Costa, Emanoella Moreira, Souza, Ana Clara da Silva de, Silva, João Marcoyves Carvalho da, Rodrigues, Maria Cristina Paulo, Costa, Emanoella Moreira, Souza, Ana Clara da Silva de, and Silva, João Marcoyves Carvalho da
- Abstract
This article is the result of research carried out jointly with six Unions from Rio de Janeiro, in 2020 and 2021, to evaluate the impacts of the Labour Reform of 2017 on male and female workers and the Unions, considering that these actions have contributed to increased employment precarization and the reduction of employment protections in Brazil. Based on empirical research and a thorough bibliographic review, the outcomes point to increasing precarization of working relationships and demostrate the Unions’ resistance to this and their fight in defence of employment rights., O presente artigo é resultado de pesquisa realizada junto a seis sindicatos de trabalhadores do Rio de Janeiro, entre 2020 e 2021, com o objetivo de avaliar os impactos da Reforma Trabalhista de 2017 para os trabalhadores e trabalhadoras e também para os sindicatos, considerando que o conjunto dessas medidas tem contribuído para o aprofundamento da precarização e desproteção do trabalho no Brasil. A partir de pesquisa empírica e cuidadosa revisão bibliográfica, as reflexões reunidas apontam para o agravamento da precarização das relações de trabalho, ao mesmo tempo que revelam a resistência e a luta sindical em defesa dos direitos do trabalho.
- Published
- 2022
9. Towards a political economy of violence : Property and revanchism in West Thessaloniki
- Author
-
Vrantsis, Nikolaos and Vrantsis, Nikolaos
- Abstract
Encompassing data from a year of field-based work in the neighborhood of Ksiladika, Thessaloniki in Northern Greece, I uncover a campaign of vigilante evictions of migrant squatters by local property owners. To contextualize this vigilante violence historically, I point to the distinct trajectory of the Greek property regime, carved by the minimal involvement of the state in welfare provision, the role of the family as a welfare substitute and a valorized norm hybridizing familism with a laissez-faire ethos linked to the possession of (residential) assets. Geographically, I marry Wacquant’s conceptualization of advanced urban marginality with rent gap theory to unearth the specificity of Ksiladika, a space at once relegated yet loaded with the promise of revaluation. I suggest that this violence is linked with what local impoverished landholders perceive as an opened rent gap that drives their pursuit to reorganize space according to the dictates of the markets as a way to secure, valorize and restore their property with its attendant meanings vis-a-vis the social reproduction squeeze brought about the economic restructuring of the Greek economy. Advancing Wacquant’s conceptualization of advanced urban marginality as an effect of the neoliberal state crafting on a global scale I suggest (i) that within the schematization of a neoliberal Janus-like centaur state that performs liberalism for the privileged and punitive paternalism for those at the social bottom, its punitive aspects are no longer reserved for the marginalized due to the expanding zone of precarity and (ii) that neoliberal governing is attained not merely by the penal apparatus of the state, but via a diversified repertoire of state responses, including the governing through the precarized subjects who internalize the postulates of the ideology of self-reliance mediated through possession of (residential) assets in times when the resource is scarce.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Duplamente letal: a destruição psíquica dos profissionais da saúde durante a pandemia de covid-19
- Author
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Balieiro Bardy, João and Balieiro Bardy, João
- Abstract
In this article, I seek to expose and develop how the precariousness of the Unified Health System (SUS) affects the processes of subjectivation of those bodies that compose it. Using data collected from an ethnographic incursion in a Center for Psychosocial Care Alcohol and Drugs (CAPS AD), in a city in the interior of São Paulo, the text that follows is organized by an elaboration of the impacts that major epidemiological events have on the mental health of the populations they affect, particularly in the case of health professionals who conduct their professional practices under these contexts. Furthermore, I aim to work on the particularity of the pandemic of covid-19 from an examination of the political contingencies that make the Brazilian case unique within the global context of the pandemic. In a second moment, I connect macro-structural political processes to everyday micro-politics of care and the affections they engage. To demonstrate these ways in which major changes affect individual trajectories, I use the theoretical basis developed by the field of the anthropology of emotions. To support the argument, I used interviews and ethnographic narratives that were part of my field material during the course of my master’s degree which took place entirely during the covid-19 pandemic., No presente artigo busco expor e desenvolver como a precarização do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) afeta os processos de subjetivação daqueles corpos que o compõem. Utilizando dados colhidos a partir de uma incursão etnográfica em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPS AD), em um município do interior paulista, o texto que se segue se organiza por uma elaboração dos impactos que grandes eventos epidemiológicos têm sobre a saúde mental das populações que afetam, particularmente no caso dos profissionais de saúde que seguem suas práticas profissionais sob estes contextos. Ademais, viso trabalhar a particularidade da pandemia de covid-19 a partir de uma análise das contingências políticas que tornam o caso brasileiro singular dentro do contexto global da pandemia. Em um segundo momento, conecto processos políticos macroestruturantes a micropolíticas cotidianas de cuidado e os afetos que elas engajam. Para demonstrar estes caminhos pelos quais grandes mudanças afetam trajetórias individuais, utilizo a base teórica desenvolvida pelo campo da antropologia das emoções. Para sustentar a argumentação, utilizei entrevistas e narrativas etnográficas que compuseram o meu material de campo durante a vigência de meu mestrado, que se deu integralmente durante a pandemia de covid-19.
- Published
- 2022
11. Una visión evolutiva del trabajo femenino hasta su lugar actual en el capitalismo de plataformas
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Rodríguez Yaben, Andrea and Rodríguez Yaben, Andrea
- Abstract
The present work seeks to expose the long road travelled by women to obtain recognition of their space, voice and relevance in the field of labour relations. And this, to give account that even today, and in the face of new work modalities, many obstacles are evident that have not yet been removed, there are traces of the historical prejudicial vision of the female gender and its marginal role in the labour relations. In fact, we will realize that women’s work is built from subjection not only to corporate power, but also to the male dominance that has appropriated this space as well., El presente trabajo busca exponer el largo camino recorrido por las mujeres para obtener el reconocimiento de su espacio, voz y relevancia en el ámbito de las relaciones de trabajo. Y ello, para dar cuenta de que aún en nuestros días y ante las nuevas modalidades de trabajo se evidencian muchos obstáculos que no han sido removidos, existiendo vestigios de la histórica visión prejuiciosa del género femenino y su rol marginal en el mundo del trabajo. En efecto, daremos cuenta de que el trabajo femenino se construye desde la sujeción no solo al poder empresarial, sino también al dominio masculino que se ha apropiado incluso de este espacio.
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- 2022
12. Gender, precariousness and exclusion: experiences of women who use soup kitchens
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Verthein, Ursula, de Moraes Prata Gaspar, Maria Clara, Verthein, Ursula, and de Moraes Prata Gaspar, Maria Clara
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The objective of this study is to describe and analyze how the situations of exclusion identified by women users and workers of health care services for food −“soup kitchens”− in the city of Barcelona −Catalonia, Spain− influence their lives, in general, and their eating practices, in particular. The fieldwork was carried out in two public soup kitchens in the city of Barcelona, in 2018. The narratives refer to a sum of situations of exclusion in their daily visits to these soup kitchens, such as discrimination related to social class, gender, age and origin −if foreign−. In conclusion, we established relationships between the contexts of food consumption in soup kitchens and their effects on eating practices of women who use the services offered by these assistencial centers. With special attention we analyze exclusion situations in these contexts that consequently affect the eating act., Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir y analizar cómo las situaciones de exclusión identificadas por mujeres usuarias y trabajadoras de servicios asistenciales para la alimentación −comedores sociales de la ciudad de Barcelona − influyen en sus vidas en general, y en sus prácticas alimentarias en particular. El trabajo se ha desarrollado a partir de una metodología cualitativa de aproximación etnográfica. El trabajo de campo se ha llevado a cabo durante 2018 en dos comedores sociales públicos de la ciudad de Barcelona. Las narrativas hacen referencia a una suma de situaciones de exclusión en sus frecuencias diarias a estos comedores sociales, como discriminaciones relacionadas con la clase social, el género, la edad y el origen, si son extranjeras. En conclusión, establecemos relaciones entre los contextos de consumo alimentario en los comedores sociales y sus efectos en las prácticas alimentarias de las mujeres que utilizan los servicios ofrecidos por estos centros asistenciales. Analizamos con especial atención las situaciones de exclusión en dichos contextos que, consecuentemente, afectan el comer
- Published
- 2021
13. The inestability as a rutine. Precarization of ordinary life and its impact in food consumption in Buenos Aires – Argentina
- Author
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Aguirre, Patricia, Diaz Córdova, Diego, Aguirre, Patricia, and Diaz Córdova, Diego
- Abstract
This article discussed some of the changes that suffered food consumption in Argentina in the last 30 years and its impact on food security´s components (availability, access, biological utilization and stability). All these changes led to precarization of consumption as a new normality. We described the contextual situation through National Expenditure Surveys and Nutrition and Health Surveys. We look for changes in food baskets with our own field work and through semi-structured interviews in different households income sectors. We want to understand the consumer practices in order to keep or increase and the reasons they made that. As the opposite of the routine (with its repeating charge and safety), precarization involves one permanent alert against an unsafe present and unpredictable future., En este artículo se exponen algunos de los cambios que sufrió la alimentación en Argentina en los últimos 30 años y su impacto en los componentes de la seguridad alimentaria (disponibilidad, acceso, utilización biológica y estabilidad) que han conducido a la precarización de los consumos como una nueva normalidad. A través de las Encuestas de Gasto y de las Encuestas de Nutrición y Salud realizadas por el Estado Argentino, se describe la situación contextual. Con relevamientos propios a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas en hogares de diferentes sectores de ingresos, se indaga acerca de los cambios en sus canastas de consumo, las prácticas que realizaron para mantenerlos y las razones con que las justifican. Como lo contrario de la rutina con su carga de repetición y seguridad, la precarización implica un permanente alerta frente a un presente inseguro y un futuro imprevisible
- Published
- 2021
14. Between a double crisis: precarization, extractivism and the futures of the commonist politics
- Author
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Ziotti Narita, Felipe and Ziotti Narita, Felipe
- Abstract
To celebrate the 10th anniversary of Praktyka Teoretyczna journal, we have invited our long-lasting collaborators and comrades to reflect once again on the concept of the common and it’s possible futures by posing following questions: a) what is the most important aspect of the current struggles for the common?; b) what are the biggest challenges for the commonist politics of the future?; and c) where in the ongoing struggles do you see a potential for scaling-up and spreading the organisation based on the common? In his reply, Felipe Ziotti Narita situates his answer in the context of contemporary double capitalist crisis, which renders visible the commons as crucial for satisfying collective needs and purposes.ective needs and purposes.doksem własnej genezy., Z okazji 10 urodzin Praktyki Teoretycznej zaprosiliśmy naszych wieloletnich współpracowników i towarzyszy do wspólnego rozważenia przyszłości tego, co wspólne. Poprosiliśmy ich o zmierzenie się z następującymi pytaniami: a) co jest najważniejszym aspektem współczesnych walk o to, co wspólne?; b) jakie największe wyzwania stoją w przyszłości przed polityką tego, co wspólne?; c) gdzie w ramach toczonych walk wiedziecie potencjał na rozwijanie i poszerzanie organizacji opartej na tym, co wspólne? Felipe Ziotti Narita umieszcza swoją odpowiedź w kontekście współczesnego podwójnego kryzysu kapitalizmu, który uwidacznia dobra wspólne jako kluczowe z perspektywy zaspokajania kolektywnych potrzeb.
- Published
- 2021
15. Between a double crisis: precarization, extractivism and the futures of the commonist politics
- Author
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Ziotti Narita, Felipe and Ziotti Narita, Felipe
- Abstract
To celebrate the 10th anniversary of Praktyka Teoretyczna journal, we have invited our long-lasting collaborators and comrades to reflect once again on the concept of the common and it’s possible futures by posing following questions: a) what is the most important aspect of the current struggles for the common?; b) what are the biggest challenges for the commonist politics of the future?; and c) where in the ongoing struggles do you see a potential for scaling-up and spreading the organisation based on the common? In his reply, Felipe Ziotti Narita situates his answer in the context of contemporary double capitalist crisis, which renders visible the commons as crucial for satisfying collective needs and purposes.ective needs and purposes.doksem własnej genezy., Z okazji 10 urodzin Praktyki Teoretycznej zaprosiliśmy naszych wieloletnich współpracowników i towarzyszy do wspólnego rozważenia przyszłości tego, co wspólne. Poprosiliśmy ich o zmierzenie się z następującymi pytaniami: a) co jest najważniejszym aspektem współczesnych walk o to, co wspólne?; b) jakie największe wyzwania stoją w przyszłości przed polityką tego, co wspólne?; c) gdzie w ramach toczonych walk wiedziecie potencjał na rozwijanie i poszerzanie organizacji opartej na tym, co wspólne? Felipe Ziotti Narita umieszcza swoją odpowiedź w kontekście współczesnego podwójnego kryzysu kapitalizmu, który uwidacznia dobra wspólne jako kluczowe z perspektywy zaspokajania kolektywnych potrzeb.
- Published
- 2021
16. Expulsados de la seguridad: precariedad docente en Mexico
- Author
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Rivera Ferreiro, Lucía, González Acolt, Roberto, Guerra Mendoza, Marcelino, Rivera Ferreiro, Lucía, González Acolt, Roberto, and Guerra Mendoza, Marcelino
- Abstract
The precariousness of wage labor began several decades ago, with the help of so-called economic globalization. Teachers in Mexico have not remained on the sidelines of this transformation; their previously secure work has become unstable; the educational reform carried out in the period 2013-2018 further violated their rights and working conditions, as well as their image in society. The government that took office in December 2018 again changed the legal and institutional framework that regulates education; however, there are still demands, disagreements and grievances among teachers.The purpose of this article is to analyse when the process of precarization of teaching work began, what are its signs and how it became a structural condition of teachers. By collecting news and following up on Facebook accounts created by teachers, reasons for teachers' protests and mobilizations during the first year of the government were identified. It is concluded that precarization is an inseparable process of the changes made in the education system over the course of thirty years. However, the great achievement of the 2013 reform was to assemble various vectors of change that had been disjointed until then., A casualização do trabalho assalariado começou há várias décadas, de mãos dadas com a chamada globalização económica. Os professores no México não ficaram de fora dessa transformação, seu trabalho antes de ter certeza de que hoje se tornou instável; a reforma educacional realizada no período 2013-2018 violou ainda mais seus direitos e condições de trabalho, também sua imagem perante a sociedade. O governo que tomou posse em Dezembro de 2018, modificou novamente o quadro legal e institucional que regula a educação; contudo, entre os professores, persistem exigências, não conformidades e reivindicações. O objectivo deste artigo é analisar quando se iniciou o processo de precariedade do trabalho docente, quais são os seus sinais e como se tornou uma condição estrutural de ensino. Através da recolha de notícias e monitorização das contas do Facebook criadas pelos professores, foram identificados motivos para protestos e mobilizações de professores durante o primeiro ano do governo. Conclui-se que a pré-carização é um processo inseparável das mudanças feitas no sistema educativo ao longo de trinta anos, no entanto, a grande realização da reforma de 2013 foi a de reunir vários vectores de mudança que até então estavam desarticulados., La precarización del trabajo asalariado comenzó hace varias décadas, de la mano de la llamada globalización económica. Los maestros en México no han permanecido al margen de esta transformación; su trabajo, antes seguro, hoy se ha vuelto inestable. La reforma educativa del período 2013-2018 vulneró aún más sus derechos y condiciones de trabajo, también su imagen ante la sociedad. El gobierno que tomó posesión en diciembre de 2018, encabezado por Andrés Manuel López Obrador, modificó nuevamente el marco jurídico e institucional que regula la educación; no obstante, entre los maestros persisten demandas, inconformidades y reclamos. El propósito de este artículo es analizar cuándo comenzó el proceso de precarización del trabajo docente, cuáles son sus signos y cómo se convirtió en una condición estructural de la docencia. Mediante la recopilación de noticias y el seguimiento de cuentas de Faceebook creadas por maestros, se identificaron motivos de protestas y movilizaciones del magisterio durante el primer año del gobierno. Se concluye que la precarización es un proceso inseparable de los cambios efectuados en el sistema educativo a lo largo de treinta años; sin embargo, el gran logro de la reforma 22013 fue ensamblar diversos vectores de cambio que hasta entonces se encontraban desarticulados.
- Published
- 2021
17. El trabajo en la condición juvenil rural: reflexiones desde las juventudes rurales en Jalisco, México
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Sánchez Sánchez, David and Sánchez Sánchez, David
- Abstract
The article shows an approach to the employment situation of young people in a community in the state of Jalisco in Mexico, which is part of a broader qualitative research on the condition of rural youth, presenting this concept and addressing some ideas about work in agro-industrial contexts. The book describes ethnographically how the main labor trajectories in the community (migration, agribusiness, and professional) were constructed from rural development interventions to their weakening in the neoliberal context, in order to understand the historical context in which Palos Altos youth currently work. In addition, the results of a survey applied to the youth sector of the town are presented, which point out some features about their current labor situation, which is marked by precarization., El artículo muestra un acercamiento a la situación laboral de las y los jóvenes de una comunidad del estado de Jalisco en México que forma parte de una investigación cualitativa más amplia sobre la condición juvenil rural, presentando dicho concepto y abordando algunas ideas sobre el trabajo en contextos agroindustriales. Se narra etnográficamente cómo se construyeron las principales trayectorias laborales en la comunidad (la migración, el agronegocio y la profesional) desde las intervenciones de desarrollo rural hasta su debilitamiento en el contexto neoliberal, para entender el contexto histórico en el cual la juventud de Palos Altos actualmente se desenvuelve para integrarse al trabajo. Además se presentan los resultados de una encuesta aplicada al sector juvenil de la localidad, que señalan algunos rasgos sobre su situación laboral actual, marcada por la precarización. ark:/s25912755/cgx5fzrrx
- Published
- 2021
18. Gender, precariousness and exclusion: experiences of women who use soup kitchens
- Author
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Verthein, Ursula, de Moraes Prata Gaspar, Maria Clara, Verthein, Ursula, and de Moraes Prata Gaspar, Maria Clara
- Abstract
The objective of this study is to describe and analyze how the situations of exclusion identified by women users and workers of health care services for food −“soup kitchens”− in the city of Barcelona −Catalonia, Spain− influence their lives, in general, and their eating practices, in particular. The fieldwork was carried out in two public soup kitchens in the city of Barcelona, in 2018. The narratives refer to a sum of situations of exclusion in their daily visits to these soup kitchens, such as discrimination related to social class, gender, age and origin −if foreign−. In conclusion, we established relationships between the contexts of food consumption in soup kitchens and their effects on eating practices of women who use the services offered by these assistencial centers. With special attention we analyze exclusion situations in these contexts that consequently affect the eating act., Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir y analizar cómo las situaciones de exclusión identificadas por mujeres usuarias y trabajadoras de servicios asistenciales para la alimentación −comedores sociales de la ciudad de Barcelona − influyen en sus vidas en general, y en sus prácticas alimentarias en particular. El trabajo se ha desarrollado a partir de una metodología cualitativa de aproximación etnográfica. El trabajo de campo se ha llevado a cabo durante 2018 en dos comedores sociales públicos de la ciudad de Barcelona. Las narrativas hacen referencia a una suma de situaciones de exclusión en sus frecuencias diarias a estos comedores sociales, como discriminaciones relacionadas con la clase social, el género, la edad y el origen, si son extranjeras. En conclusión, establecemos relaciones entre los contextos de consumo alimentario en los comedores sociales y sus efectos en las prácticas alimentarias de las mujeres que utilizan los servicios ofrecidos por estos centros asistenciales. Analizamos con especial atención las situaciones de exclusión en dichos contextos que, consecuentemente, afectan el comer
- Published
- 2021
19. Hegemonialität und Gouvernementalität von Optimierungsverhältnissen: Postdigitale Lernpraktiken zwischen Widerständigkeit, Prekarisierung und Affirmation
- Author
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Waldmann, Maximilian, Aktaş, Ulaş, Waldmann, Maximilian, and Aktaş, Ulaş
- Abstract
In ästhetisch digitalen Praktiken zeigen sich verschiedene Formen von Optimierungszusammenhängen, die zumeist mit Prozessen der Individualisierung und Vereinzelung gekoppelt sind. Ästhetisch digitale Praktiken können aber auch Möglichkeiten zur Kollektivierung und zum Widerstand gegen die allgegenwärtigen Optimierungsansprüche bieten. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden sowohl repressive als auch widerständige Seiten ästhetisch-medialer Praxen ins Auge gefasst. Die Ambivalenzen werden an zwei Beispielen beleuchtet. Das erste Beispiel stammt aus Japan und dem Bereich der Intelligent Assistent Systeme. Die nach einem Animecharakter gestaltete dreidimensionale Figur, Azuma Hikari, soll das Leben von jungen Single-Männern angenehmer gestalten und übernimmt eine Reihe von Sorgetätigkeiten für diese. An diesem Beispiel wird der technologiegestützte Umgang mit Vereinzelungstendenzen neoliberaler Gesellschaften aus einer care-feministischen Perspektive analysiert. Das zweite Beispiel ist das geplante digitale Mahnmal in der Keupstrasse, das mit Hilfe von augmented reality-Technologie an die beiden Bombenanschläge des NSU in Köln erinnern will. Gegenüber der offensichtlichen Dominanz der servilen Seite der prekären Selbstregierung im ersten Beispiel werden im zweiten Möglichkeiten des Widerstands gegen neoliberale Optimierung und Formen der Stiftung von Gemeinschaft untersucht., Aesthetic digital practices reveal various forms of optimisation contexts that are mostly coupled with processes of individualisation and isolation. However, aesthetic digital practices can also offer possibilities for collectivisation and resistance against the omnipresent demands for optimisation. Against this background, both repressive and resistant sides of aesthetic-medial practices will be considered. The ambivalences are illuminated by two examples. The first example comes from Japan and the field of Intelligent Assistant Systems. The three-dimensional figure, Azuma Hikari, designed after an anime character, is supposed to make the lives of young single men more pleasant and takes over a number of care activities for them. This example is used to analyse the technology-supported handling of isolationist tendencies in neoliberal societies from a care-feminist perspective. The second example is the planned digital memorial in Keupstrasse, which aims to commemorate the two bombings of the NSU in Cologne with the help of augmented reality technology. In contrast to the obvious dominance of the servile side of precarious self-government in the first example, the second examines possibilities of resistance to neoliberal optimisation and forms of community foundation.
- Published
- 2021
20. Психологическая безопасность и благополучие женщин на рабочем месте
- Author
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Коропец, О. А., Федорова, А. Э., Меньшикова, М. С., Koropets, O. A., Fedorova, A. E., Menshikova, M. S., Коропец, О. А., Федорова, А. Э., Меньшикова, М. С., Koropets, O. A., Fedorova, A. E., and Menshikova, M. S.
- Abstract
Представленное в статье эмпирическое исследование носит качественный характер и направлено на поиск и анализ факторов, влияющих на психологическую безопасность работающих женщин. В качестве основного метода исследования использовано нарративное интервью. В результате исследования выяснено, что на психологическую безопасность женщин на рабочем месте влияют различные факторы, в том числе наличие гарантированных трудовых отношений и психологического контракта с непосредственным руководителем., The empirical research presented in the article is of a qualitative nature and is aimed at the search and analysis of factors affecting the psychological safety of working women. A narrative interview was used as the main research method. The study showed that the psychological safety of women in the workplace is influenced by various factors, including the availability of guaranteed labor relations and a psychological contract with the immediate supervisor.
- Published
- 2020
21. De la precariedad a la intemperie, el refugio como ficción
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Escultura - Departament d'Escultura, Miquel Bartual, Mijo, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Escultura - Departament d'Escultura, and Miquel Bartual, Mijo
- Abstract
[EN] In this paper, we address the progressive precarization and uncertainty, both conceptual and material, in which we find ourselves, analyzing the reflex movement by which we seek shelter, trying to generate security in what can only bring sacrifice. With the outbreak of the health crisis, biopolitical parameters and political priorities have shown that this movement can only be a step backwards, if it does not start from the prior acceptance of our common destiny on the planet. We propose a modification of the concept of progress that could accommodate other possible futures, subverting the meaning that modernity had given it and opening it up to the possibility of progress towards the end., [ES] En este artículo, abordamos la progresiva precarización e incertidumbre tanto conceptual como material en la que nos encontramos, analizando el movimiento reflejo por el que buscamos refugio, intentando generar seguridad en lo que solo puede aportar sacrificio. Con la irrupción de la crisis sanitaria, los parámetros biopolíticos y las prioridades políticas han evidenciado que este movimiento no puede ser más que de retroceso si no parte de la aceptación previa de nuestro destino común en el planeta. Proponemos una modificación del concepto de progreso que pueda albergar otros futuros posibles, subvirtiendo el significado que la modernidad le había otorgado y abriéndolo a la posibilidad de un progreso hacia el fin.
- Published
- 2020
22. De la precariedad a la intemperie, el refugio como ficción
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Escultura - Departament d'Escultura, Miquel Bartual, Mijo, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Escultura - Departament d'Escultura, and Miquel Bartual, Mijo
- Abstract
[EN] In this paper, we address the progressive precarization and uncertainty, both conceptual and material, in which we find ourselves, analyzing the reflex movement by which we seek shelter, trying to generate security in what can only bring sacrifice. With the outbreak of the health crisis, biopolitical parameters and political priorities have shown that this movement can only be a step backwards, if it does not start from the prior acceptance of our common destiny on the planet. We propose a modification of the concept of progress that could accommodate other possible futures, subverting the meaning that modernity had given it and opening it up to the possibility of progress towards the end., [ES] En este artículo, abordamos la progresiva precarización e incertidumbre tanto conceptual como material en la que nos encontramos, analizando el movimiento reflejo por el que buscamos refugio, intentando generar seguridad en lo que solo puede aportar sacrificio. Con la irrupción de la crisis sanitaria, los parámetros biopolíticos y las prioridades políticas han evidenciado que este movimiento no puede ser más que de retroceso si no parte de la aceptación previa de nuestro destino común en el planeta. Proponemos una modificación del concepto de progreso que pueda albergar otros futuros posibles, subvirtiendo el significado que la modernidad le había otorgado y abriéndolo a la posibilidad de un progreso hacia el fin.
- Published
- 2020
23. From preciousness to outdoors, refuge as fiction
- Author
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Miquel Bartual, Mijo and Miquel Bartual, Mijo
- Abstract
In this paper, we address the progressive precarization and uncertainty, both conceptual and material, in which we find ourselves, analyzing the reflex movement by which we seek shelter, trying to generate security in what can only bring sacrifice. With the outbreak of the health crisis, biopolitical parameters and political priorities have shown that this movement can only be a step backwards, if it does not start from the prior acceptance of our common destiny on the planet. We propose a modification of the concept of progress that could accommodate other possible futures, subverting the meaning that modernity had given it and opening it up to the possibility of progress towards the end., En este artículo, abordamos la progresiva precarización e incertidumbre tanto conceptual como material en la que nos encontramos, analizando el movimiento reflejo por el que buscamos refugio, intentando generar seguridad en lo que solo puede aportar sacrificio. Con la irrupción de la crisis sanitaria, los parámetros biopolíticos y las prioridades políticas han evidenciado que este movimiento no puede ser más que de retroceso si no parte de la aceptación previa de nuestro destino común en el planeta. Proponemos una modificación del concepto de progreso que pueda albergar otros futuros posibles, subvirtiendo el significado que la modernidad le había otorgado y abriéndolo a la posibilidad de un progreso hacia el fin.
- Published
- 2020
24. «¿Quién sustenta a quienes sustentan a los comunes?»: tecnología y cultura libre ante el capitalismo informacional
- Author
-
Calvo, Dafne and Calvo, Dafne
- Abstract
Since the expansion of its individual use in the nineties, the Internet has experienced a process of increasing commodification and concentration. However, the Net has also proposed new forms of peer production with voluntary contributions from Internet users, which are positioned as an alternative to informational capitalism economic model. Using a combined methodology, we explore the modes of financing of free culture communities in Spain. We also reflect on the remuneration for the contribution to these projects. The results show the determination of the groups to maintain their organizational and strategic independence through self-financing. They consider reinvesting their economic resources in the project, without pretending to maximize the economic benefit. These communities show tensions between remunerating those who participate in them in order to avoid their precariousness or operating with voluntary contributions, which allow the progress of their projects outside the logic of the market system., Desde a expansão de seu uso individual nos anos noventa, a Internet experimentou um processo de crescente mercantilização e concentração. No ciberespaço, as empresas monopolistas oferecem uma multiplicidade de serviços online gratuitos, para posteriormente extrair e comercializar os dados dos internautas. Estes novos modelos de produção, baseados na lógica da acumulação de informação online, têm sido chamados capitalismo informacional. No entanto, desde seus primeiros anos de desenvolvimento, a Rede também tem proposto novas formas de produção de pares com contribuições voluntárias dos usuários da Internet, que se posicionam como uma alternativa ao modelo econômico do ciberespaço. Através de uma metodologia combinada, exploramos os modos de financiamento das comunidades de cultura livre na Espanha. Também refletimos sobre a remuneração pela contribuição a esses projetos e, finalmente, abordamos o investimento dos recursos econômicos nas necessidades do grupo. Para isso, realizamos um questionário online com 290 comunidades e seguidamente analisámos os resultados quantitativos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 38 dos grupos previamente pesquisados. Os resultados mostram a vontade dos grupos de manter a sua independência organizacional e estratégica através do autofinanciamento. Eles consideram reinvestir seus recursos econômicos no projeto, sem pretender maximizar o benefício econômico. Finalmente, estas comunidades apresentam tensões entre a necessidade de remunerar aqueles que participam delas para evitar sua precariedade ou de operar com contribuições voluntárias, que permitem o avanço de seus projetos fora da lógica do sistema de mercado., Desde la expansión de su uso individual en los años noventa, Internet ha experimentado un proceso de creciente mercantilización y concentración. Al mismo tiempo, ha propuesto nuevas formas de producción en común con contribuciones voluntarias de los internautas, que se posicionan como una alternativa al modelo económico propuesto por el capitalismo informacional. A través de una metodología combinada, en esta investigación exploramos las formas de financiación, las personas empleadas y las necesidades en las que se invierten los recursos económicos de las comunidades de cultura libre que operan en territorio español. Los resultados muestran la voluntad de los colectivos por mantener su independencia organizativa y estratégica mediante la autofinanciación. Estos consideran reinvertir sus recursos en el proyecto, sin pretender maximizar el beneficio económico. Las comunidades manifiestan tensiones entre remunerar a quienes participan en ellas, a fin de evitar su precarización, y operar exclusivamente con contribuciones de tipo voluntario, que permitan el avance de sus proyectos fuera de la lógica del sistema de mercado.
- Published
- 2020
25. Deterioro socioeconómico sectorial derivado de un incremento impositivo: el caso del sector veterinario español de animales de compañía
- Author
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Gutiérrez Aragón, Óscar, Barahona Márquez, Félix, Berbel Giménez, Gaspar, Gutiérrez Aragón, Óscar, Barahona Márquez, Félix, and Berbel Giménez, Gaspar
- Abstract
The veterinary sector to pets in Spain was affected in 2012 by a rise to the standard VAT rate of 13 percentage points (from 8% to 21%). Specifically, this increase caused a significant deterioration in some economic and labor indicators of the sector in subsequent years (e.g. average salary, employment stability rate, productivity). Likewise, in those years it caused deterioration in tax collection directly related to the sector. According to the theories of Laffer, a return to the reduced VAT rate, currently considered by the Government, should contribute to improve the economic viability of companies and the social and working conditions of veterinary workers., El sector veterinario de animales de compañía en España se vio afectado en el año 2012 por una subida al tipo impositivo general de IVA de 13 puntos porcentuales (del 8% al 21%). Concretamente dicho aumento causó un notable deterioro en diversos indicadores económicos y laborales del sector en los ejercicios subsiguientes (p.e. salario medio, tasa de estabilidad en el empleo, productividad). Así mismo, en esos ejercicios provocó deterioros en la recaudación fiscal relacionada directamente con el sector. Ante este escenario, y en aplicación de las teorías de Laffer, el presente estudio propugna que un retorno al tipo de gravamen reducido de IVA, contemplado por el Gobierno en estos momentos, que debería contribuir a mejorar la viabilidad económica de las empresas y las condiciones sociolaborales de los trabajadores veterinarios.
- Published
- 2020
26. Precarization of work and migration: A review of the international literature
- Author
-
Primo Matias, Guilherme, Ribeiro Rodrigues da Silva, Gabrielle, Farago, Fabio Emanuel, Primo Matias, Guilherme, Ribeiro Rodrigues da Silva, Gabrielle, and Farago, Fabio Emanuel
- Abstract
Objective: This research aims to highlight the relation between precarization of work and migration, based on the understanding that migrant workers take part assisting in the economic and social development of the countries.Method: The methodology used was a systematic review of the international literature on precarious work and migration in the period from 2008 to 2018.Main results: People migrate between countries for economic, social or political factors. Common of these three reasons is the desire to have a better life conditions. Even in some cases these migrants get access to benefits, they probably will suffer some kind of precariousness - whether in unhealthy services, without legal protection or living in unsuitable housing. This is the ambivalent nature of the precarious work – and its consequences.Relevance/originality: It is observed that large part of the research on migration in the least developed countries began with propositions borrowed from researchers who codified the experience of developed countries. It is necessary in our field to present a systematic examination of how precarization and migration are addressed in the organizational studies.Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: As a contribution to the field, in this paper it is proposed a theoretical model that involves the two phenomena and, provides the reader with standardized and systematic scientific information that may assist in the development of the field by mapping existing knowledge on this subject., Objetivo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo destacar a relação entre precarização do trabalho e migração, com base no entendimento de que os trabalhadores migrantes são participantes no processo de desenvolvimento econômico e social dos países. Método: A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão sistemática da literatura internacional sobre trabalho precário e migração no período de 2008 a 2018. Principais resultados: As pessoas migram entre países por fatores econômicos, sociais ou políticos. Comum dessas três razões é o desejo de ter melhores condições de vida. Mesmo em alguns casos, esses migrantes têm acesso a benefícios, provavelmente sofrerão algum tipo de precariedade - seja em serviços insalubres, sem proteção legal ou vivendo em moradias inadequadas. Essa é a natureza ambivalente do trabalho precário - e suas consequências. Relevância/originalidade: Observa-se que grande parte da pesquisa sobre migração nos países menos desenvolvidos começou com proposições emprestadas de pesquisadores que codificaram a experiência dos países desenvolvidos. É necessário em nosso campo apresentar um exame sistemático de como a precarização e a migração são abordadas nos estudos organizacionais. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Como contribuição para o campo, neste artigo é proposto um modelo teórico que envolve os dois fenômenos e fornece ao leitor informações científicas padronizadas e sistemáticas que podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento do campo, mapeando o conhecimento existente nesse assunto.
- Published
- 2020
27. «¿Quién sustenta a quienes sustentan a los comunes?»: tecnología y cultura libre ante el capitalismo informacional
- Author
-
Calvo, Dafne and Calvo, Dafne
- Abstract
Since the expansion of its individual use in the nineties, the Internet has experienced a process of increasing commodification and concentration. However, the Net has also proposed new forms of peer production with voluntary contributions from Internet users, which are positioned as an alternative to informational capitalism economic model. Using a combined methodology, we explore the modes of financing of free culture communities in Spain. We also reflect on the remuneration for the contribution to these projects. The results show the determination of the groups to maintain their organizational and strategic independence through self-financing. They consider reinvesting their economic resources in the project, without pretending to maximize the economic benefit. These communities show tensions between remunerating those who participate in them in order to avoid their precariousness or operating with voluntary contributions, which allow the progress of their projects outside the logic of the market system., Desde a expansão de seu uso individual nos anos noventa, a Internet experimentou um processo de crescente mercantilização e concentração. No ciberespaço, as empresas monopolistas oferecem uma multiplicidade de serviços online gratuitos, para posteriormente extrair e comercializar os dados dos internautas. Estes novos modelos de produção, baseados na lógica da acumulação de informação online, têm sido chamados capitalismo informacional. No entanto, desde seus primeiros anos de desenvolvimento, a Rede também tem proposto novas formas de produção de pares com contribuições voluntárias dos usuários da Internet, que se posicionam como uma alternativa ao modelo econômico do ciberespaço. Através de uma metodologia combinada, exploramos os modos de financiamento das comunidades de cultura livre na Espanha. Também refletimos sobre a remuneração pela contribuição a esses projetos e, finalmente, abordamos o investimento dos recursos econômicos nas necessidades do grupo. Para isso, realizamos um questionário online com 290 comunidades e seguidamente analisámos os resultados quantitativos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 38 dos grupos previamente pesquisados. Os resultados mostram a vontade dos grupos de manter a sua independência organizacional e estratégica através do autofinanciamento. Eles consideram reinvestir seus recursos econômicos no projeto, sem pretender maximizar o benefício econômico. Finalmente, estas comunidades apresentam tensões entre a necessidade de remunerar aqueles que participam delas para evitar sua precariedade ou de operar com contribuições voluntárias, que permitem o avanço de seus projetos fora da lógica do sistema de mercado., Desde la expansión de su uso individual en los años noventa, Internet ha experimentado un proceso de creciente mercantilización y concentración. Al mismo tiempo, ha propuesto nuevas formas de producción en común con contribuciones voluntarias de los internautas, que se posicionan como una alternativa al modelo económico propuesto por el capitalismo informacional. A través de una metodología combinada, en esta investigación exploramos las formas de financiación, las personas empleadas y las necesidades en las que se invierten los recursos económicos de las comunidades de cultura libre que operan en territorio español. Los resultados muestran la voluntad de los colectivos por mantener su independencia organizativa y estratégica mediante la autofinanciación. Estos consideran reinvertir sus recursos en el proyecto, sin pretender maximizar el beneficio económico. Las comunidades manifiestan tensiones entre remunerar a quienes participan en ellas, a fin de evitar su precarización, y operar exclusivamente con contribuciones de tipo voluntario, que permitan el avance de sus proyectos fuera de la lógica del sistema de mercado.
- Published
- 2020
28. Deterioro socioeconómico sectorial derivado de un incremento impositivo: el caso del sector veterinario español de animales de compañía
- Author
-
Gutiérrez Aragón, Óscar, Barahona Márquez, Félix, Berbel Giménez, Gaspar, Gutiérrez Aragón, Óscar, Barahona Márquez, Félix, and Berbel Giménez, Gaspar
- Abstract
The veterinary sector to pets in Spain was affected in 2012 by a rise to the standard VAT rate of 13 percentage points (from 8% to 21%). Specifically, this increase caused a significant deterioration in some economic and labor indicators of the sector in subsequent years (e.g. average salary, employment stability rate, productivity). Likewise, in those years it caused deterioration in tax collection directly related to the sector. According to the theories of Laffer, a return to the reduced VAT rate, currently considered by the Government, should contribute to improve the economic viability of companies and the social and working conditions of veterinary workers., El sector veterinario de animales de compañía en España se vio afectado en el año 2012 por una subida al tipo impositivo general de IVA de 13 puntos porcentuales (del 8% al 21%). Concretamente dicho aumento causó un notable deterioro en diversos indicadores económicos y laborales del sector en los ejercicios subsiguientes (p.e. salario medio, tasa de estabilidad en el empleo, productividad). Así mismo, en esos ejercicios provocó deterioros en la recaudación fiscal relacionada directamente con el sector. Ante este escenario, y en aplicación de las teorías de Laffer, el presente estudio propugna que un retorno al tipo de gravamen reducido de IVA, contemplado por el Gobierno en estos momentos, que debería contribuir a mejorar la viabilidad económica de las empresas y las condiciones sociolaborales de los trabajadores veterinarios.
- Published
- 2020
29. Precarization of work and migration: A review of the international literature
- Author
-
Primo Matias, Guilherme, Ribeiro Rodrigues da Silva, Gabrielle, Farago, Fabio Emanuel, Primo Matias, Guilherme, Ribeiro Rodrigues da Silva, Gabrielle, and Farago, Fabio Emanuel
- Abstract
Objective: This research aims to highlight the relation between precarization of work and migration, based on the understanding that migrant workers take part assisting in the economic and social development of the countries.Method: The methodology used was a systematic review of the international literature on precarious work and migration in the period from 2008 to 2018.Main results: People migrate between countries for economic, social or political factors. Common of these three reasons is the desire to have a better life conditions. Even in some cases these migrants get access to benefits, they probably will suffer some kind of precariousness - whether in unhealthy services, without legal protection or living in unsuitable housing. This is the ambivalent nature of the precarious work – and its consequences.Relevance/originality: It is observed that large part of the research on migration in the least developed countries began with propositions borrowed from researchers who codified the experience of developed countries. It is necessary in our field to present a systematic examination of how precarization and migration are addressed in the organizational studies.Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: As a contribution to the field, in this paper it is proposed a theoretical model that involves the two phenomena and, provides the reader with standardized and systematic scientific information that may assist in the development of the field by mapping existing knowledge on this subject., Objetivo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo destacar a relação entre precarização do trabalho e migração, com base no entendimento de que os trabalhadores migrantes são participantes no processo de desenvolvimento econômico e social dos países. Método: A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão sistemática da literatura internacional sobre trabalho precário e migração no período de 2008 a 2018. Principais resultados: As pessoas migram entre países por fatores econômicos, sociais ou políticos. Comum dessas três razões é o desejo de ter melhores condições de vida. Mesmo em alguns casos, esses migrantes têm acesso a benefícios, provavelmente sofrerão algum tipo de precariedade - seja em serviços insalubres, sem proteção legal ou vivendo em moradias inadequadas. Essa é a natureza ambivalente do trabalho precário - e suas consequências. Relevância/originalidade: Observa-se que grande parte da pesquisa sobre migração nos países menos desenvolvidos começou com proposições emprestadas de pesquisadores que codificaram a experiência dos países desenvolvidos. É necessário em nosso campo apresentar um exame sistemático de como a precarização e a migração são abordadas nos estudos organizacionais. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Como contribuição para o campo, neste artigo é proposto um modelo teórico que envolve os dois fenômenos e fornece ao leitor informações científicas padronizadas e sistemáticas que podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento do campo, mapeando o conhecimento existente nesse assunto.
- Published
- 2020
30. Los efectos de la comercialización de la educación superior en las trayectorias laborales de los docentes universitarios colombianos
- Author
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Cabrales Salazar, Omar, Díaz Pérez, Vianney Rocío, Cabrales Salazar, Omar, and Díaz Pérez, Vianney Rocío
- Abstract
O artigo é resultado da pesquisa intitulada "Trajetórias trabalhistas intergeracionais e perspectivas do trabalho docente universitário na Colômbia". Foi desenvolvida com uma abordagem qualitativa apoiada principalmente no método biográfico de pesquisa social, método este centrado em trajetórias de trabalho. O presente estudo investigou as consequências que a comercialização da educação superior deixou sobre o trabalho de professores universitários de quatro cidades da Colômbia. Três coortes intergeracionais foram analisadas em três amostras focais de professores universitários, os quais, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, foram questionados sobre as consequências geradas pela comercialização do ensino superior em seu trabalho, tomando-o a partir de dois referenciais: como gerador de renda e construtor de identidade. São analisadas as políticas de qualidade, internacionalização e flexibilidade curricular, entendendo-as como sistemas que operacionalizam os novos modelos de gestão nas universidades. Como resultados, indicamos que tais políticas vem gerando um aumento da carga horária docente, o que leva ao aumento da precariedade do trabalho, promovendo a competitividade, a deterioração da qualidade de vida e a diluição de sua identidade profissional docente., The article is the result of the research: Intergenerational labor trajectories and perspectives on university teaching work in Colombia. With a qualitative approach and the biographical method of social research focused on work trajectories, it investigated the consequences that the mercantilization of higher education has left on the work of university professors from four cities in Colombia. Three intergenerational cohorts were analyzed in three focal samples of university professors, who, through semi-structured interviews, were asked about the consequences generated by the commercialization of higher education in their work as an income generator and identity builder. The policies of quality and internationalization are analyzed, as systems that operationalize the new management models in universities, generating an increase in the workload of teachers that lead to increasing the precariousness of teaching work, promoting competitiveness, the deterioration in their quality of life and the dilution of their teaching identity., El artículo es fruto de la investigación: Trayectorias laborales intergeneracionales y perspectivas sobre el trabajo docente universitario en Colombia. Con un enfoque cualitativo y el método biográfico de investigación social enfocado en las trayectorias laborales, indagó sobre las consecuencias que la comercialización de la educación superior, han dejado en el trabajo de los profesores universitarios de cuatro ciudades de Colombia. Se analizaron tres cohortes intergeneracionales en tres muestras focales de profesores universitarios, a quienes, por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas se les preguntó por las consecuencias generadas por la comercialización de la educación superior en su trabajo como generador de los ingresos y constructor de la identidad. Se analizan las políticas de la calidad e internacionalización, como sistemas que operativizan los nuevos modelos de gestión en las universidades, generando un incremento en la carga laboral de los docentes que conducen a aumentar la precarización del trabajo profesoral, promoviendo la competitividad, la desmejora en su calidad de vida y la dilución de su identidad profesoral.
- Published
- 2020
31. Trabalho precário na América Latina: as contribuições dos estudos da sociologia do trabalho sobre precariedade para o contexto da região
- Author
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Galdino, Gabriel and Galdino, Gabriel
- Abstract
Currently, there is a significant dissemination of studies on precarious work in the social sciences. However, the origin and focus of the debates on the subject have been, especially, on countries with advanced capitalism, due to the financialization of companies, decentralization of production and expansion of outsourcing of the labor force, combined with the fall in unionization in those States. Thus, this article aims to analyze the study of the conceptualization of precarious work in the Latin American region, articulating the various readings of the transformations of work in the 21st century. In this context, we seek to reflect on the definitions and specificities presented by precariousness as a concept and theory in the research, understanding and analysis of Latin American reality. Thus, through a literature review, a general summary of the proposals presented by Beck, Castel and Standing is presented to reveal some of the main critical approaches to the process of precariousness. As well as the presentation of Latin American readings of Vejar, Valenzuela and De La Garza with the purpose of identifying the conditions that express the particularity of the social reality of the subcontinent. Finally, some epistemological considerations about precariousness are exposed, through the sociological and historical perspective, focusing on the dialectic of the spatial and temporal dimension of precarious work., Atualmente, evidencia-se uma disseminação significativa dos estudos sobre trabalho precário nas ciências sociais. No entanto, a origem e ênfase dos debates sobre o tema têm se dado, especialmente, sobre países de capitalismo avançado, em decorrência da financeirização das empresas, descentralização da produção e ampliação da terceirização da força de trabalho, combinado com a queda da sindicalização nesses Estados. Posto isto, este artigo tem como escopo analisar o estudo da conceitualização da precariedade do trabalho na região latino-americana, articulando as diversas leituras das transformações do trabalho no século XXI. Neste contexto, busca-se refletir acerca das definições e especificidades que apresenta a precariedade como conceito e teoria na pesquisa, compreensão e análise da realidade da América Latina. Deste modo, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, faz-se um resumo geral das propostas apresentadas por Beck, Castel e Standing visando revelar algumas das principais abordagens críticas do processo de precarização. Assim como a apresentação de leituras latino-americanos de Vejar, Valenzuela e De La Garza com o propósito de identificar as condições que expressam a particularidade da realidade social do subcontinente. Por fim, é exposto algumas considerações epistemológicas sobre precariedade, por meio do prisma sociológico e histórico, detendo-se na dialética da dimensão espacial e temporal das relações laborais.
- Published
- 2020
32. Reformas laborales de los ’90 en Argentina: un estudio a través de las dinámicas mediáticas masivas
- Author
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Coscia, Vanesa and Coscia, Vanesa
- Abstract
How is labor flexibilization and precarization represented in the public sphere, what are the media attributions assigned to the labor reforms of the 1990s, what is the place of trade unions, employers and workers in news coverage? These are some of the questions that this study attempts to answer, from an interdisciplinary approach and through the analysis of media dynamics. To this end, the debates of specialists in labor studies are reviewed and a group of news published by the main Argentine newspapers, Clarín and La Nación, on the reforms of 1991 and 1995, which opened and deepened the path to labor flexibilization in the country, is analyzed. We consider that the cultural disputes that try to impose certain ways of thinking about work, trade unions and labor reforms in neoliberal contexts are fundamental when approaching this issue. In recent years, various labor reforms, sanctioned in Latin America and around the world, have been eroded the historic rights of workers. For this reason, this study attempts to contribute to the identification of "ways of narrating" that are reproduced, with their nuances, from the mass media of different countries., Como é que a flexibilização do trabalho e a precariedade estão representadas na esfera pública, quais são as atribuições mediáticas atribuídas às reformas laborais dos anos 90, qual é o lugar dos sindicatos, empregadores e trabalhadores na cobertura jornalística? Estas são algumas das questões que este estudo procura responder, a partir de uma abordagem interdisciplinar e através da análise da dinâmica dos media.Para isso, são revisados os debates dos especialistas em estudos trabalhistas e é analisado um conjunto de notícias publicadas pelos principais jornais argentinos, Clarín e La Nación, sobre as reformas de 1991 e 1995, que abriram e aprofundaram o caminho para a flexibilização do trabalho no país. Consideramos que as disputas culturais que tentam impor certas formas de pensar o trabalho, os sindicatos e as reformas trabalhistas em contextos neoliberais, são fundamentais na abordagem do problema. Nos últimos anos, várias reformas trabalhistas foram sancionadas na América Latina e em todo o mundo que minam os direitos históricos dos trabalhadores. Por esta razão, este estudo tenta contribuir para a identificação de "formas de narrar" que são reproduzidas, com suas nuances, a partir dos meios de comunicação de massa de diferentes países., ¿De qué modo se representa la flexibilización y precarización laboral desde los principales medios gráficos nacionales?, ¿cuáles son las atribuciones mediáticas asignadas a las reforma laborales de los ’90?, ¿qué lugar ocupan los sindicatos, los empresarios y los trabajadores en las coberturas noticiosas? Estos son algunos de los interrogantes que se intentan responder en este estudio, desde un enfoque interdisciplinario y a través del análisis de las dinámicas mediáticas. Para ello, se revisan los debates de los especialistas en estudios laborales y se analiza un conjunto de noticias publicadas por los principales diarios argentinos, Clarín y La Nación, sobre las reformas de 1991 y 1995, que abrieron y profundizaron el camino a la flexibilización laboral en el país. Consideramos que las disputas culturales que intentan imponer determinados modos de pensar el trabajo, los sindicatos y las reformas laborales en contextos neoliberales, resultan fundamentales a la hora de aproximarse a la problemática. En los últimos años se han sancionado, en Latinoamérica y en el mundo, diversas reformas laborales que socavan los históricos derechos de los trabajadores. Por esta razón, este estudio intenta contribuir a la identificación de “modos de narrar” que se reproducen, con sus matices, desde los medios masivos de diversos países.
- Published
- 2020
33. «¿Quién sustenta a quienes sustentan a los comunes?»: tecnología y cultura libre ante el capitalismo informacional
- Author
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Calvo, Dafne and Calvo, Dafne
- Abstract
Since the expansion of its individual use in the nineties, the Internet has experienced a process of increasing commodification and concentration. However, the Net has also proposed new forms of peer production with voluntary contributions from Internet users, which are positioned as an alternative to informational capitalism economic model. Using a combined methodology, we explore the modes of financing of free culture communities in Spain. We also reflect on the remuneration for the contribution to these projects. The results show the determination of the groups to maintain their organizational and strategic independence through self-financing. They consider reinvesting their economic resources in the project, without pretending to maximize the economic benefit. These communities show tensions between remunerating those who participate in them in order to avoid their precariousness or operating with voluntary contributions, which allow the progress of their projects outside the logic of the market system., Desde a expansão de seu uso individual nos anos noventa, a Internet experimentou um processo de crescente mercantilização e concentração. No ciberespaço, as empresas monopolistas oferecem uma multiplicidade de serviços online gratuitos, para posteriormente extrair e comercializar os dados dos internautas. Estes novos modelos de produção, baseados na lógica da acumulação de informação online, têm sido chamados capitalismo informacional. No entanto, desde seus primeiros anos de desenvolvimento, a Rede também tem proposto novas formas de produção de pares com contribuições voluntárias dos usuários da Internet, que se posicionam como uma alternativa ao modelo econômico do ciberespaço. Através de uma metodologia combinada, exploramos os modos de financiamento das comunidades de cultura livre na Espanha. Também refletimos sobre a remuneração pela contribuição a esses projetos e, finalmente, abordamos o investimento dos recursos econômicos nas necessidades do grupo. Para isso, realizamos um questionário online com 290 comunidades e seguidamente analisámos os resultados quantitativos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 38 dos grupos previamente pesquisados. Os resultados mostram a vontade dos grupos de manter a sua independência organizacional e estratégica através do autofinanciamento. Eles consideram reinvestir seus recursos econômicos no projeto, sem pretender maximizar o benefício econômico. Finalmente, estas comunidades apresentam tensões entre a necessidade de remunerar aqueles que participam delas para evitar sua precariedade ou de operar com contribuições voluntárias, que permitem o avanço de seus projetos fora da lógica do sistema de mercado., Desde la expansión de su uso individual en los años noventa, Internet ha experimentado un proceso de creciente mercantilización y concentración. Al mismo tiempo, ha propuesto nuevas formas de producción en común con contribuciones voluntarias de los internautas, que se posicionan como una alternativa al modelo económico propuesto por el capitalismo informacional. A través de una metodología combinada, en esta investigación exploramos las formas de financiación, las personas empleadas y las necesidades en las que se invierten los recursos económicos de las comunidades de cultura libre que operan en territorio español. Los resultados muestran la voluntad de los colectivos por mantener su independencia organizativa y estratégica mediante la autofinanciación. Estos consideran reinvertir sus recursos en el proyecto, sin pretender maximizar el beneficio económico. Las comunidades manifiestan tensiones entre remunerar a quienes participan en ellas, a fin de evitar su precarización, y operar exclusivamente con contribuciones de tipo voluntario, que permitan el avance de sus proyectos fuera de la lógica del sistema de mercado.
- Published
- 2020
34. Precarização das relações laborais: análise crítica sobre as disposições do teletrabalho na lei 13.467/2017
- Author
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Fulgêncio de Lima Filho, José Sarto, Pereira, Eddla Karina Gomes, Fulgêncio de Lima Filho, José Sarto, and Pereira, Eddla Karina Gomes
- Abstract
This article aims to understand how the transformations that occurred in labor relations throughout the 20th century contributed to the development of telecommuting regulation by Law 13,467/2017. It consists of a theoretical qualitative study, with an explanatory purpose and a deductive approach, using the historical method and the bibliographic research method on documents. The theme is justified by the need to understand how the transformations that occurred in the capitalist production have an impact on the development of new labor relations, such as telecommuting. It is concluded that the transformations in the structure of labor relations throughout the 20th century contributed to the development of more precarious working modalities, with the aim to reduce work duration inspection, to increase individual negotiations between employee and employer, and to transfer the risks of economic activity to the worker, facts which were observed in the regulation of telecommuting by Law 13,467/2017., Este artigo se propõe a compreender de que maneira as transformações ocorridas nas relações de trabalho ao longo do século XX contribuíram para o desenvolvimento da regulamentação do teletrabalho por meio da Lei 13.467/2017. Consiste em uma pesquisa teórica qualitativa, com finalidade explicativa, utilizando uma abordagem dedutiva, a partir do método de procedimento histórico e da investigação bibliográfica-documental. Justifica-se o tema pela necessidade de compreender de que maneira as transformações ocorridas na produção capitalista repercutem no desenvolvimento das novas formas laborais como o teletrabalho. Conclui-se que as transformações na estrutura das relações laborais ao longo do século XX contribuíram para o desenvolvimento de modalidades de trabalho mais precárias, com vistas a jornadas de trabalho com menor fiscalização, maiores negociações individuais entre empregado e empregador e transferência dos riscos da atividade econômica ao empregado, fatos observados na regulamentação do teletrabalho pela Lei 13.467/2017.
- Published
- 2020
35. From preciousness to outdoors, refuge as fiction
- Author
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Miquel Bartual, Mijo and Miquel Bartual, Mijo
- Abstract
In this paper, we address the progressive precarization and uncertainty, both conceptual and material, in which we find ourselves, analyzing the reflex movement by which we seek shelter, trying to generate security in what can only bring sacrifice. With the outbreak of the health crisis, biopolitical parameters and political priorities have shown that this movement can only be a step backwards, if it does not start from the prior acceptance of our common destiny on the planet. We propose a modification of the concept of progress that could accommodate other possible futures, subverting the meaning that modernity had given it and opening it up to the possibility of progress towards the end., En este artículo, abordamos la progresiva precarización e incertidumbre tanto conceptual como material en la que nos encontramos, analizando el movimiento reflejo por el que buscamos refugio, intentando generar seguridad en lo que solo puede aportar sacrificio. Con la irrupción de la crisis sanitaria, los parámetros biopolíticos y las prioridades políticas han evidenciado que este movimiento no puede ser más que de retroceso si no parte de la aceptación previa de nuestro destino común en el planeta. Proponemos una modificación del concepto de progreso que pueda albergar otros futuros posibles, subvirtiendo el significado que la modernidad le había otorgado y abriéndolo a la posibilidad de un progreso hacia el fin.
- Published
- 2020
36. Pracownik czy wolny najmita?
- Author
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Niemiec, Jarosław, Musiała, Anna, Kostera, Monika, Niemiec, Jarosław, Musiała, Anna, and Kostera, Monika
- Published
- 2020
37. Who supports those who support the commons? Technology and free culture in facing informational capitalism
- Author
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Calvo Miguel, Dafne and Calvo Miguel, Dafne
- Abstract
Since the expansion of its individual use in the nineties, the Internet has experienced a process of increasing commodification and concentration. However, the Net has also proposed new forms of peer production with voluntary contributions from Internet users, which are positioned as an alternative to informational capitalism economic model. Using a combined methodology, we explore the modes of financing of free culture communities in Spain. We also reflect on the remuneration for the contribution to these projects. The results show the determination of the groups to maintain their organizational and strategic independence through self-financing. They consider reinvesting their economic resources in the project, without pretending to maximize the economic benefit. These communities show tensions between remunerating those who participate in them in order to avoid their precariousness or operating with voluntary contributions, which allow the progress of their projects outside the logic of the market system., Desde la expansión de su uso individual en los años noventa, Internet ha experimentado un proceso de creciente mercantilización y concentración. Al mismo tiempo, ha propuesto nuevas formas de producción en común con contribuciones voluntarias de los internautas, que se posicionan como una alternativa al modelo económico propuesto por el capitalismo informacional. A través de una metodología combinada, en esta investigación exploramos las formas de financiación, las personas empleadas y las necesidades en las que se invierten los recursos económicos de las comunidades de cultura libre que operan en territorio español. Los resultados muestran la voluntad de los colectivos por mantener su independencia organizativa y estratégica mediante la autofinanciación. Estos consideran reinvertir sus recursos en el proyecto, sin pretender maximizar el beneficio económico. Las comunidades manifiestan tensiones entre remunerar a quienes participan en ellas, a fin de evitar su precarización, y operar exclusivamente con contribuciones de tipo voluntario, que permitan el avance de sus proyectos fuera de la lógica del sistema de mercado., Desde a expansão de seu uso individual nos anos noventa, a Internet experimentou um processo de crescente mercantilização e concentração. No ciberespaço, as empresas monopolistas oferecem uma multiplicidade de serviços online gratuitos, para posteriormente extrair e comercializar os dados dos internautas. Estes novos modelos de produção, baseados na lógica da acumulação de informação online, têm sido chamados capitalismo informacional. No entanto, desde seus primeiros anos de desenvolvimento, a Rede também tem proposto novas formas de produção de pares com contribuições voluntárias dos usuários da Internet, que se posicionam como uma alternativa ao modelo econômico do ciberespaço. Através de uma metodologia combinada, exploramos os modos de financiamento das comunidades de cultura livre na Espanha. Também refletimos sobre a remuneração pela contribuição a esses projetos e, finalmente, abordamos o investimento dos recursos econômicos nas necessidades do grupo. Para isso, realizamos um questionário online com 290 comunidades e seguidamente analisámos os resultados quantitativos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 38 dos grupos previamente pesquisados. Os resultados mostram a vontade dos grupos de manter a sua independência organizacional e estratégica através do autofinanciamento. Eles consideram reinvestir seus recursos econômicos no projeto, sem pretender maximizar o benefício econômico. Finalmente, estas comunidades apresentam tensões entre a necessidade de remunerar aqueles que participam delas para evitar sua precariedade ou de operar com contribuições voluntárias, que permitem o avanço de seus projetos fora da lógica do sistema de mercado., Desde a expansão de seu uso individual nos anos noventa, a Internet experimentou um processo de crescente mercantilização e concentração. No ciberespaço, as empresas monopolistas oferecem uma multiplicidade de serviços online gratuitos, para posteriormente extrair e comercializar os dados dos internautas. Estes novos modelos de produção, baseados na lógica da acumulação de informação online, têm sido chamados capitalismo informacional. No entanto, desde seus primeiros anos de desenvolvimento, a Rede também tem proposto novas formas de produção de pares com contribuições voluntárias dos usuários da Internet, que se posicionam como uma alternativa ao modelo econômico do ciberespaço. Através de uma metodologia combinada, exploramos os modos de financiamento das comunidades de cultura livre na Espanha. Também refletimos sobre a remuneração pela contribuição a esses projetos e, finalmente, abordamos o investimento dos recursos econômicos nas necessidades do grupo. Para isso, realizamos um questionário online com 290 comunidades e seguidamente analisámos os resultados quantitativos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 38 dos grupos previamente pesquisados. Os resultados mostram a vontade dos grupos de manter a sua independência organizacional e estratégica através do autofinanciamento. Eles consideram reinvestir seus recursos econômicos no projeto, sem pretender maximizar o benefício econômico. Finalmente, estas comunidades apresentam tensões entre a necessidade de remunerar aqueles que participam delas para evitar sua precariedade ou de operar com contribuições voluntárias, que permitem o avanço de seus projetos fora da lógica do sistema de mercado.
- Published
- 2020
38. It’s Taylorism, stupid! On the new scientific organization of research and teaching in the Spanish University
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Noll, Henry and Noll, Henry
- Abstract
In this text we evaluate, from the point of view of the Sociology of Work, the effects of the new scientific organization of university work in Spain, both in the field of research and in teaching. After analyzing and describing these new methods of evaluating, we conclude that they are clearly Taylorist methods of work organization, whose effects not only have to do with a degradation and impoverishment of research and education but it is a management device that demobilizes teachers and prevents articulate collective actions against the intensification and precariousness of their work., En este texto evaluamos, desde el punto de vista de la Sociología del Trabajo, los efectos de la nueva organización científica del trabajo universitario en España, tanto en el campo de la investigación como en el de la docencia. Tras analizar en qué consisten estos nuevos métodos de evaluación de la producción investigadora y el trabajo docente, llegamos a la conclusión de que son métodos claramente tayloristas de organización del trabajo, cuyos efectos no sólo tienen que ver con una degradación y empobrecimiento de la investigación y la enseñanza universitaria sino que se trata de un dispositivo de gestión que desmoviliza al profesorado e impide articular acciones colectivas frente a la intensificación y la precarización de su trabajo.
- Published
- 2019
39. Precarización vinculada al riesgo ambiental: revisión del caso La Loma en Cartagena de Indias (Colombia)
- Author
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González Güeto, Joy Helena and González Güeto, Joy Helena
- Abstract
This article aims to deepen the debate around the precarization and marginalization experience of impoverished social groups in the Colombian Caribbean, associating these two categories of analysis to the risk of environmental disasters. Here we present a concrete experience of marginality linked to environmental risk, the case of La Loma in Cartagena, located on the highest hill of the city (La Popa) and designated by the authorities as «high risk area». The case was reviewed through the application of a preliminary survey, five semi-structured interviews to collect the stories of the villagers and a detailed examination of the official correspondence between Government institutions and community leaders. The results obtained allow us to affirm that the «environmental risk» is, for the authorities, a) the discursive framework that justifies interventions towards the eviction, but also b) the point of convergence of community identities linked to the territory. To situate the above, a specific experience of marginality linked to environmental risk, La Loma’s case, identified by the authorities of Cartagena as «high-risk landslide zone», located in the highest hill of the city, La Popa, will be reviewed., Con este artículo, se pretende profundizar en el debate alrededor de la precarización y la experiencia de marginalidad de grupos sociales empobrecidos del Caribe colombiano, asociando esas dos categorías de análisis al riesgo por desastres ambientales. Aquí se presenta una experiencia concreta de marginalidad vinculada al riesgo ambiental, el caso La Loma en Cartagena, situada en el cerro más alto de la ciudad (La Popa) y señalada por las autoridades como «zona de alto riesgo». La revisión del caso se realizó a través de la aplicación de una encuesta preliminar, cinco entrevistas semiestructuradas para recoger los relatos de los pobladores y un examen detallado de la correspondencia oficial entre las instituciones gubernamentales y los líderes comunitarios. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que el «riesgo ambiental» es, para las autoridades, a) el marco discursivo que justifica intervenciones hacia el desalojo, pero también b) el punto de convergencia de identidades comunitarias vinculadas al territorio.
- Published
- 2019
40. Transición y precarización democrática paraguaya: los efectos de la baja calidad institucional y del comportamiento político negativo
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Bourscheid, Junior Ivan, González, Rodrigo Stumpf, Bourscheid, Junior Ivan, and González, Rodrigo Stumpf
- Abstract
Objective/context: The work presents a case study of the democratization in Paraguay and debates the hypotheses of an incomplete transition and a stable low-quality democracy. It presents and analyses the transition since 1989, based on the first analytical models of the process, with the development of the institutional structure, the behavior of the main political actors of the process, and citizen behavior. Methodology: The case study undertakes a periodization of the transition in Paraguay, listing the main events and actors. Institutional capacity was examined using the data contributed by the IDD-Lat from 2002 to 2016, whereas citizen behavior was analyzed based on Latin American data from between 1995 and 2016. Conclusions: the low institutional quality and negative citizen behavior towards the regime appear to maintain a relatively stable situation of authoritarian political culture and weak institutions that can be characterized as democratic, but one of low quality that lacks any perspective for change. Originality: Studies on democracy in Paraguay, commonly analyze the development of the institutional structure, institutional capacity or citizen behavior. The proposal of this study is to consider a joining of the perspectives based on the analytical proposals for institutional precarization, together with an attempt at the periodization of the stages of the democratic transition in Paraguay, relating the phases with the process of institutional precarization., RESUMO: Objetivo/contexto: O trabalho realiza um estudo de caso da democratização paraguaia e debate as hipóteses de uma transição incompleta e de uma democracia estável de baixa qualidade. A transição desde 1989 é apresentada e analisada a partir dos principais modelos analíticos do processo com o desenvolvimento da estrutura institucional, do comportamento dos principais atores políticos do processo e do comportamento cidadão. Metodologia: O estudo de caso faz uma periodização da transição paraguaia e lista os principais eventos e atores centrais. Para examinar a capacidade institucional foram utilizados os dados oferecidos pelo IDD-Lat entre 2002 e 2016, enquanto o comportamento cidadão foi analisado a partir dos dados do Latinobarómetro entre 1995 e 2016. Conclusões: Observa-se que a baixa capacidade institucional, juntamente com o comportamento cidadão negativo a respeito do regime, mantêm uma situação relativamente estável de cultura política autoritária e instituições frágeis que pode ser caracterizada como democrática, mas com baixa qualidade e sem perspectiva de mudança. Originalidade: Os estudos sobre a democracia paraguaia comumente analisam o desenvolvimento da estrutura institucional, a capacidade institucional ou o comportamento cidadão. A proposta deste estudo é considerar precisamente a união das perspectivas a partir da proposta analítica da precarização institucional, juntamente com a tentativa de periodização das etapas da transição democrática paraguaia, relacionando as etapas com o processo de precarização institucional., RESUMEN: Objetivo/contexto: El trabajo realiza un estudio de caso de la democratización paraguaya y debate las hipótesis de una transición incompleta y de una democracia estable de baja calidad. Se presenta y analiza la transición desde 1989, a partir de los principales modelos analíticos del proceso, con el desarrollo de la estructura institucional, el comportamiento de los principales actores políticos del proceso y el comportamiento ciudadano. Metodología: El estudio de caso hace una periodización de la transición paraguaya, listando los principales eventos y actores centrales. Para examinar la capacidad institucional fueron utilizados los datos aportados por el IDD-Lat entre 2002 y 2016, mientras que el comportamiento ciudadano fue analizado a partir de los datos del Latinobarómetro entre 1995 y 2016. Conclusiones: Se observa que la baja capacidad institucional, junto con el comportamiento ciudadano negativo hacia el régimen, mantienen una situación relativamente estable de cultura política autoritaria e instituciones débiles que se puede caracterizar como democrática, pero con baja calidad y sin perspectiva de cambio. Originalidad: Los estudios sobre la democracia paraguaya comúnmente analizan el desarrollo de la estructura institucional, la capacidad institucional o el comportamiento ciudadano. La propuesta de este estudio es precisamente considerar la unión de las perspectivas a partir de la propuesta analítica de la precarización institucional, junto con el intento de periodización de las etapas de la transición democrática paraguaya, relacionando las etapas con el proceso de precarización institucional.
- Published
- 2019
41. Transición y precarización democrática paraguaya: los efectos de la baja calidad institucional y del comportamiento político negativo
- Author
-
Bourscheid, Junior Ivan, González, Rodrigo Stumpf, Bourscheid, Junior Ivan, and González, Rodrigo Stumpf
- Abstract
Objective/context: The work presents a case study of the democratization in Paraguay and debates the hypotheses of an incomplete transition and a stable low-quality democracy. It presents and analyses the transition since 1989, based on the first analytical models of the process, with the development of the institutional structure, the behavior of the main political actors of the process, and citizen behavior. Methodology: The case study undertakes a periodization of the transition in Paraguay, listing the main events and actors. Institutional capacity was examined using the data contributed by the IDD-Lat from 2002 to 2016, whereas citizen behavior was analyzed based on Latin American data from between 1995 and 2016. Conclusions: the low institutional quality and negative citizen behavior towards the regime appear to maintain a relatively stable situation of authoritarian political culture and weak institutions that can be characterized as democratic, but one of low quality that lacks any perspective for change. Originality: Studies on democracy in Paraguay, commonly analyze the development of the institutional structure, institutional capacity or citizen behavior. The proposal of this study is to consider a joining of the perspectives based on the analytical proposals for institutional precarization, together with an attempt at the periodization of the stages of the democratic transition in Paraguay, relating the phases with the process of institutional precarization., RESUMO: Objetivo/contexto: O trabalho realiza um estudo de caso da democratização paraguaia e debate as hipóteses de uma transição incompleta e de uma democracia estável de baixa qualidade. A transição desde 1989 é apresentada e analisada a partir dos principais modelos analíticos do processo com o desenvolvimento da estrutura institucional, do comportamento dos principais atores políticos do processo e do comportamento cidadão. Metodologia: O estudo de caso faz uma periodização da transição paraguaia e lista os principais eventos e atores centrais. Para examinar a capacidade institucional foram utilizados os dados oferecidos pelo IDD-Lat entre 2002 e 2016, enquanto o comportamento cidadão foi analisado a partir dos dados do Latinobarómetro entre 1995 e 2016. Conclusões: Observa-se que a baixa capacidade institucional, juntamente com o comportamento cidadão negativo a respeito do regime, mantêm uma situação relativamente estável de cultura política autoritária e instituições frágeis que pode ser caracterizada como democrática, mas com baixa qualidade e sem perspectiva de mudança. Originalidade: Os estudos sobre a democracia paraguaia comumente analisam o desenvolvimento da estrutura institucional, a capacidade institucional ou o comportamento cidadão. A proposta deste estudo é considerar precisamente a união das perspectivas a partir da proposta analítica da precarização institucional, juntamente com a tentativa de periodização das etapas da transição democrática paraguaia, relacionando as etapas com o processo de precarização institucional., RESUMEN: Objetivo/contexto: El trabajo realiza un estudio de caso de la democratización paraguaya y debate las hipótesis de una transición incompleta y de una democracia estable de baja calidad. Se presenta y analiza la transición desde 1989, a partir de los principales modelos analíticos del proceso, con el desarrollo de la estructura institucional, el comportamiento de los principales actores políticos del proceso y el comportamiento ciudadano. Metodología: El estudio de caso hace una periodización de la transición paraguaya, listando los principales eventos y actores centrales. Para examinar la capacidad institucional fueron utilizados los datos aportados por el IDD-Lat entre 2002 y 2016, mientras que el comportamiento ciudadano fue analizado a partir de los datos del Latinobarómetro entre 1995 y 2016. Conclusiones: Se observa que la baja capacidad institucional, junto con el comportamiento ciudadano negativo hacia el régimen, mantienen una situación relativamente estable de cultura política autoritaria e instituciones débiles que se puede caracterizar como democrática, pero con baja calidad y sin perspectiva de cambio. Originalidad: Los estudios sobre la democracia paraguaya comúnmente analizan el desarrollo de la estructura institucional, la capacidad institucional o el comportamiento ciudadano. La propuesta de este estudio es precisamente considerar la unión de las perspectivas a partir de la propuesta analítica de la precarización institucional, junto con el intento de periodización de las etapas de la transición democrática paraguaya, relacionando las etapas con el proceso de precarización institucional.
- Published
- 2019
42. Los nombres de la amistad:: Indagaciones para la imaginación de otros horizontes relacionales
- Author
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Braga, Ana Luiza, Botelho, Catarina, Braga, Ana Luiza, and Botelho, Catarina
- Abstract
In face of advancing precariousness brought forth by neoliberal policies and the resurgence of conservative movements, we discuss how friendships could be a space of reinvention of social relations and resistance, constituting dissident affective bonds and support networks. We address, through a micropolitical and affirmative approach, the transformative potential of making kin outside biological and sexual relations, as well as of inventing fugitive forms of instituting such ties, particularly amongst queer-feminist subjects. By activating the speculative and political imagination, we inquire the ways in which we can visibilize, perform and materialize these relationships, opening up distinct social and subjective spaces that could allow us alternative presents and futures together beyond heteronormative structures., A pesar de haber sido históricamente un espacio de invención de relaciones sociales y redes disidentes, las amistades aún se consideran secundarias en relación con los vínculos consanguíneos o matrimoniales, y su papel en las prácticas humanas fundamentales de afecto y solidaridad, así como en la reproducción social, a menudo se ignora e invisibiliza. Frente a esta jerarquización habitual de la amistad en comparación con formas más tradicionales de parentesco, tal como las conciben la sociedad y las instituciones occidentales modernas, nos preguntamos de qué manera podrían unas organizaciones simbólicas y ontologías diferentes de la amistad afectar a sus posibilidades materiales, proporcionándoles connotaciones más complejas y haciendo legibles presentes y futuros colectivos más allá de las estructuras heteronormativas. Teniendo en cuenta el potencial radicalmente transformador de las operaciones semánticas y las ficciones políticas que funcionan como tecnologías de subjetivación al establecer regímenes de verdad y modos de existencia, investigamos procedimientos performativos de fabulación y enunciación como estrategias para desdibujar las fronteras entre la amistad y el parentesco, así como para afirmar prácticas relacionales disidentes.
- Published
- 2019
43. Precarización vinculada al riesgo ambiental: revisión del caso La Loma en Cartagena de Indias (Colombia)
- Author
-
González Güeto, Joy Helena and González Güeto, Joy Helena
- Abstract
This article aims to deepen the debate around the precarization and marginalization experience of impoverished social groups in the Colombian Caribbean, associating these two categories of analysis to the risk of environmental disasters. Here we present a concrete experience of marginality linked to environmental risk, the case of La Loma in Cartagena, located on the highest hill of the city (La Popa) and designated by the authorities as «high risk area». The case was reviewed through the application of a preliminary survey, five semi-structured interviews to collect the stories of the villagers and a detailed examination of the official correspondence between Government institutions and community leaders. The results obtained allow us to affirm that the «environmental risk» is, for the authorities, a) the discursive framework that justifies interventions towards the eviction, but also b) the point of convergence of community identities linked to the territory. To situate the above, a specific experience of marginality linked to environmental risk, La Loma’s case, identified by the authorities of Cartagena as «high-risk landslide zone», located in the highest hill of the city, La Popa, will be reviewed., Con este artículo, se pretende profundizar en el debate alrededor de la precarización y la experiencia de marginalidad de grupos sociales empobrecidos del Caribe colombiano, asociando esas dos categorías de análisis al riesgo por desastres ambientales. Aquí se presenta una experiencia concreta de marginalidad vinculada al riesgo ambiental, el caso La Loma en Cartagena, situada en el cerro más alto de la ciudad (La Popa) y señalada por las autoridades como «zona de alto riesgo». La revisión del caso se realizó a través de la aplicación de una encuesta preliminar, cinco entrevistas semiestructuradas para recoger los relatos de los pobladores y un examen detallado de la correspondencia oficial entre las instituciones gubernamentales y los líderes comunitarios. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que el «riesgo ambiental» es, para las autoridades, a) el marco discursivo que justifica intervenciones hacia el desalojo, pero también b) el punto de convergencia de identidades comunitarias vinculadas al territorio.
- Published
- 2019
44. It’s Taylorism, stupid! On the new scientific organization of research and teaching in the Spanish University
- Author
-
Noll, Henry and Noll, Henry
- Abstract
In this text we evaluate, from the point of view of the Sociology of Work, the effects of the new scientific organization of university work in Spain, both in the field of research and in teaching. After analyzing and describing these new methods of evaluating, we conclude that they are clearly Taylorist methods of work organization, whose effects not only have to do with a degradation and impoverishment of research and education but it is a management device that demobilizes teachers and prevents articulate collective actions against the intensification and precariousness of their work., En este texto evaluamos, desde el punto de vista de la Sociología del Trabajo, los efectos de la nueva organización científica del trabajo universitario en España, tanto en el campo de la investigación como en el de la docencia. Tras analizar en qué consisten estos nuevos métodos de evaluación de la producción investigadora y el trabajo docente, llegamos a la conclusión de que son métodos claramente tayloristas de organización del trabajo, cuyos efectos no sólo tienen que ver con una degradación y empobrecimiento de la investigación y la enseñanza universitaria sino que se trata de un dispositivo de gestión que desmoviliza al profesorado e impide articular acciones colectivas frente a la intensificación y la precarización de su trabajo.
- Published
- 2019
45. Circulation and super-exploitation of work
- Author
-
Felix, Gil and Felix, Gil
- Abstract
In this article, I propose an approach for the analysis of the so-called processes of flexibilization, precarization or, recently, uberization of work, considering the processes of acceleration and expansion of the circulation of the labour-power that are transversally resulting and, therefore, a proletarian condition of greater approximation and/or indistinction between active and reserve armies. For that, I revisit the Marxian theory of value with regard to the circulation of the labour-power and the trends that can be measured by the increase in the circulation time of this merchandise. In addition, I propose a research agenda for the study of processes and social relations of circulation to which the working class is subjected in a regime of capital´s flexible accumulation., En este artículo, propongo un abordaje para el análisis de los procesos comúnmente designados como flexibilización, precarización o, más recientemente, uberización del trabajo, considerando los procesos de aceleración y amplificación de la circulación mercantil de la fuerza de trabajo derivados transversalmente de los primeros y, por lo tanto, de una condición proletaria de mayor aproximación y/o indistinción entre los ejércitos activo y de reserva. Para tanto, revisito la teoría marxiana del valor en lo que se refiere a la circulación de la fuerza de trabajo y a las tendencias que pueden ser constatadas por el aumento del tiempo de circulación de esa mercancía. A partir de eso, propongo una agenda de investigaciones para el estudio de las relaciones sociales de circulación a las que estaría sujeta la clase trabajadora en un régimen de acumulación flexible del capital.
- Published
- 2018
46. Lengua precaria: la poesía mexicana en crisis epistémica
- Author
-
Sánchez Prado, Ignacio M. and Sánchez Prado, Ignacio M.
- Abstract
Este ensayo estudia la manera en que poetas categorizados bajo la rúbrica institucional de «escritor joven» confrontan en su obra los fenómenos de la crisis epistémica de la literatura causada por la pérdida del privilegio cultural de lo literario y la emergencia de tecnologías post-librescas. Tras una discusión de la escena de escritura de poesía en México hoy en día, el texto se aproxima a debates en torno al género de parte de autores como Luis Felipe Fabre y Julián Herbert, para concluir discutiendo la forma en que autores como Alejandro Tarrab e Inti García Santamaría construyen poéticas desde las problemáticas discutidas., This essay studies the way in which poets categorized under the institutional rubric of «young writer» confront in their work the phenomena of the epistemic crisis of literature caused by the loss of cultural privilege of the literary and the emergence of post-book technologies. After a discussion of the poetry writing scene in Mexico today, the text approaches debates about the genre on the part of authors such as Luis Felipe Fabre and Julián Herbert, to conclude by discussing the way in which authors such as Alejandro Tarrab and Inti García Santamaría build poetics from the issues discussed.
- Published
- 2018
47. Efectos del incremento del tipo de gravamen del IVA en 2012 sobre el empleo y las condiciones laborales en el sector veterinario en España: Influencia en la profundización de la brecha laboral de género
- Author
-
Gutiérrez Aragón, Óscar, Barahona Márquez, Félix, Berbel Giménez, Gaspar, Gutiérrez Aragón, Óscar, Barahona Márquez, Félix, and Berbel Giménez, Gaspar
- Abstract
La progresiva feminización de la profesión veterinaria ha sido un fenómeno de indudable trascendencia, cuyas evidentes consecuencias positivas han sido afectadas en la última década por dos lances económicos: la crisis que comenzó en 2008 y el incremento del tipo de gravamen del IVA a los servicios veterinarios implementado en septiembre de 2012. El objetivo del presente trabajo académico es conocer los efectos de este segundo hecho sobre el empleo y las condiciones laborales en el sector y delimitar si ha podido influir en la existencia de una brecha salarial de género en el sector., The feminisation of the veterinary profession has experienced an upward trend in the last decade, although its positive consequences have been affected by two economic factors: the economic crisis that began in 2008 and the increase of the VAT tax rate to the veterinary services implemented in September 2012. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effects of the second factor on employment and working conditions in the sector and to determine if this factor may have played a role in creating this gender pay gap
- Published
- 2018
48. Efectos del incremento del tipo de gravamen del IVA en 2012 sobre el empleo y las condiciones laborales en el sector veterinario en España: Influencia en la profundización de la brecha laboral de género
- Author
-
Gutiérrez Aragón, Óscar, Barahona Márquez, Félix, Berbel Giménez, Gaspar, Gutiérrez Aragón, Óscar, Barahona Márquez, Félix, and Berbel Giménez, Gaspar
- Abstract
La progresiva feminización de la profesión veterinaria ha sido un fenómeno de indudable trascendencia, cuyas evidentes consecuencias positivas han sido afectadas en la última década por dos lances económicos: la crisis que comenzó en 2008 y el incremento del tipo de gravamen del IVA a los servicios veterinarios implementado en septiembre de 2012. El objetivo del presente trabajo académico es conocer los efectos de este segundo hecho sobre el empleo y las condiciones laborales en el sector y delimitar si ha podido influir en la existencia de una brecha salarial de género en el sector., The feminisation of the veterinary profession has experienced an upward trend in the last decade, although its positive consequences have been affected by two economic factors: the economic crisis that began in 2008 and the increase of the VAT tax rate to the veterinary services implemented in September 2012. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effects of the second factor on employment and working conditions in the sector and to determine if this factor may have played a role in creating this gender pay gap
- Published
- 2018
49. Lengua precaria: la poesía mexicana en crisis epistémica
- Author
-
Sánchez Prado, Ignacio M. and Sánchez Prado, Ignacio M.
- Abstract
Este ensayo estudia la manera en que poetas categorizados bajo la rúbrica institucional de «escritor joven» confrontan en su obra los fenómenos de la crisis epistémica de la literatura causada por la pérdida del privilegio cultural de lo literario y la emergencia de tecnologías post-librescas. Tras una discusión de la escena de escritura de poesía en México hoy en día, el texto se aproxima a debates en torno al género de parte de autores como Luis Felipe Fabre y Julián Herbert, para concluir discutiendo la forma en que autores como Alejandro Tarrab e Inti García Santamaría construyen poéticas desde las problemáticas discutidas., This essay studies the way in which poets categorized under the institutional rubric of «young writer» confront in their work the phenomena of the epistemic crisis of literature caused by the loss of cultural privilege of the literary and the emergence of post-book technologies. After a discussion of the poetry writing scene in Mexico today, the text approaches debates about the genre on the part of authors such as Luis Felipe Fabre and Julián Herbert, to conclude by discussing the way in which authors such as Alejandro Tarrab and Inti García Santamaría build poetics from the issues discussed.
- Published
- 2018
50. Circulation and super-exploitation of work
- Author
-
Felix, Gil and Felix, Gil
- Abstract
In this article, I propose an approach for the analysis of the so-called processes of flexibilization, precarization or, recently, uberization of work, considering the processes of acceleration and expansion of the circulation of the labour-power that are transversally resulting and, therefore, a proletarian condition of greater approximation and/or indistinction between active and reserve armies. For that, I revisit the Marxian theory of value with regard to the circulation of the labour-power and the trends that can be measured by the increase in the circulation time of this merchandise. In addition, I propose a research agenda for the study of processes and social relations of circulation to which the working class is subjected in a regime of capital´s flexible accumulation., En este artículo, propongo un abordaje para el análisis de los procesos comúnmente designados como flexibilización, precarización o, más recientemente, uberización del trabajo, considerando los procesos de aceleración y amplificación de la circulación mercantil de la fuerza de trabajo derivados transversalmente de los primeros y, por lo tanto, de una condición proletaria de mayor aproximación y/o indistinción entre los ejércitos activo y de reserva. Para tanto, revisito la teoría marxiana del valor en lo que se refiere a la circulación de la fuerza de trabajo y a las tendencias que pueden ser constatadas por el aumento del tiempo de circulación de esa mercancía. A partir de eso, propongo una agenda de investigaciones para el estudio de las relaciones sociales de circulación a las que estaría sujeta la clase trabajadora en un régimen de acumulación flexible del capital.
- Published
- 2018
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