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Introduction: This article shows that among residents of Rincon Grande of Pavas, a group of vulnerable neighborhoods in capital of Costa Rica, circulate negative rumors regarding police activity against drug dealing. These rumors reflect discontent of local population towards police forces in the analyzed area. Objective: There are no studies in Costa Rica about police control over drug dealing in marginalized urban areas, and its consequences with regards to the relation between the police forces and the local population. This article seeks to bridge this gap and, to do so, analyzes the case of Rincon Grande of Pavas. Methodology: In order to reach the conclusions presented in this article, the author uses 67 in depth interviews carried out mainly with residents of the analyzed area between March 2019 and March 2020, and a focus group with five police officers in February 2019. [Continue reading in the article], Introducción: El presente artículo presenta la percepción de las personas residentes de Rincón Grande de Pavas, conjunto de barrios vulnerables que se encuentran en la capital costarricense, al accionar policial en la lucha a la venta de drogas a escala local, y los rumores negativos que circulan a respecto. Dichos rumores reflejan el descontento de tal población hacia las fuerzas de policía que llevan a cabo sus labores en el área analizada. Objetivo: En Costa Rica no se han realizado estudios sobre el control policial de la venta de drogas en zonas urbano-marginalizadas del país y sus consecuencias respecto a la relación entre las fuerzas de policía y la población local. El presente artículo busca colmar este vacío y, para hacerlo, se enfoca en el análisis del caso de Rincón Grande de Pavas. Metodología: Para llegar a las conclusiones aquí presentadas, el autor se basa en 67 entrevistas en profundidad que llevó a cabo, principalmente, con residentes de la zona analizada, entre marzo 2019 y marzo 2020; además de un grupo focal realizado con cinco policías de Pavas en febrero del 2019. [Continúa leyendo en el artículo]

Coastal ecosystems provide a wide range of ecosystem services (ES) subject to strong human pressure and are included in conservation policies that aim to increase their resilience. Implementing resilience measures requires knowledge of the public perceptions of social-ecological systems so that commitment to environmental protection may be enhanced. Few studies address public perception of the evolution of social-ecological systems and integrate the diversity of ES (regulating, provisioning and cultural). This article is based on a survey of 476 inhabitants and deals with their perceptions of past (50 years) and future (+15 years) ES. It focuses on the Thau lagoon (French Mediterranean) that offers many ES and where managers prioritize traditional uses such as shellfish farming and fishing. Respondents' answers were compared with the results of scientists' and experts’ evaluations to assess the level of public knowledge. The results indicate consistency in the qualitative and quantitative responses of local residents concerning the long-term evolution of ES and show them to have a fairly sound knowledge. However, there are some differences in trends with substantial variation for several ES probably related to judgement or anchoring biases. Furthermore, a majority of local residents had a mixed perception of local structuring ES. This innovative approach to the perceptions of ES momentum suggests that improved conservation policies must: (i) take into account the different communication and awareness requirements of people and (ii) integrate local knowledge through dialogue.

I investigated how participants perceived an individual with either depression, schizophrenia, or no disorder on negative and positive traits and then examined how these perceptions linked to desire for social distance (DSD), trait self-relevance, positive former contact with a person with mental health problems, and continuum beliefs. One-hundred-and-fifty undergraduates completed an online survey that described a vignette character with depression (VCWD), vignette character with schizophrenia (VCWS), or control character with no mental disorder (CC) and assessed participants’ perceptions of the character’s traits, DSD from the vignette character, perceptions of one’s own traits, and demographic characteristics. In general, the VCWD was viewed as thoughtful, unpredictable, and apathetic. The VCWS was viewed as interesting but less kind as well as more dangerous, irresponsible, and unpredictable than other characters. DSD correlated with perceived dangerousness, irresponsibility, and unpredictability. Because negative traits are strong predictors of DSD, participants showed more DSD from the VCWS than other characters. Neither positive former contact nor continuum beliefs correlated with DSD. Finally, high trait self-relevance increased the likelihood of perceiving one’s own traits in VCWD but not VCWS, suggesting participants saw less of themselves in someone with schizophrenia than someone with depression. Together, these results suggest that positive and negative perceptions of depression and schizophrenia exist, but people identify less with and are less willing to socialize with someone diagnosed with schizophrenia than depression.

Introduction: Teacher conceptions of feedback ideally predict their feedback practices, but little robust evidence identifies which beliefs matter to practices. It is logical to presume that teacher conceptions of feedback would align with the policy framework of an educational jurisdiction. The Teacher Conceptions of Feedback (TCoF) inventory was developed in New Zealand which has a relatively low-stakes, formative policy framework. Methods: This study surveyed 451 Swedish teachers working in Years 1-9, a policy context that prioritises teachers using multiple data sources to help students learn. The study used a translated version of the TCoF inventory, but isolated six items related to formative feedback practices from various factors. Results: A six-factor TCoF was recovered (Praise, Improvement, Ignore, Required, PASA, and Timely), giving partial replication to the previous study. A well-fitting structural equation model showed formative practices were predicted by just two conceptions of feedback (i.e., feedback improves learning and students may ignore feedback). Discussion: This study demonstrates that the TCoF inventory can be used to identify plausible relations from feedback beliefs to formative feedback practices.

Objective:   This study aims to investigate the association between demographic factors, such as age, ethnicity, income, education, and occupation, with parents' perspectives and awareness of the health risks associated with secondhand smoke (SHS), considering the significance of these factors for effective health education and prevention initiatives.   Methods:  Data were collected from 378 employees working in four higher education institutions in the Klang Valley region of Malaysia. A standardized questionnaire was administered to collect data on demographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes towards SHS. Path analysis was employed to examine the relationships between demographic characteristics and parents' knowledge of and attitudes towards the risks of SHS.   Results:  The study explored how demographic factors, namely age, education, occupation, income level, and ethnicity, influenced parents' knowledge and attitudes towards the health risks of SHS. The results indicated that none of these demographic characteristics had a significant impact on parents' attitudes and knowledge. However, it was observed that parents' financial status significantly and negatively affected their understanding of the health hazards associated with children's exposure to smoking.   Conclusions:    Protecting children's health and reducing the prevalence of smoking-related illnesses requires parents to enhance their knowledge and foster negative attitudes towards SHS. Developing targeted interventions that address the specific challenges parents face, particularly in relation to their financial circumstances, is crucial to promote a smoke-free environment for children.   Research Implications: The study's findings provide insights into the complex relationship between demographic factors and parents' knowledge and attitudes towards SHS. These insights can inform the design of tailored interventions that consider various

Many educational systems around the world insist on applying an English Only Policy (EOP) when teaching the English language at universities without addressing their contextual needs. In Saudi Arabia, this problem leads to reduced satisfaction among faculty regarding students’ English level (Alharbi & Alqefari, 2022; Alkhairy, 2013; Alqahtani, 2020; Alsaawi, 2019; Alshammari, 2022; Altale & Alta’ani, 2019; Alzahrani, 2019; Elyas & Picard, 2010). However, the new educational transformation promised by Saudi Vision 2030 (2016) supports the Arabic language as a mother tongue for Saudis, English as an important language, and the teaching of critical thinking to respond to current global economic challenges. This creates a space for adopting translanguaging practices in English language classrooms by helping learners access their linguistic repertoire to understand, think, communicate, and learn the language (García, 2009). Recent studies at Saudi universities on faculty perspectives on translanguaging are limited in terms of context, participants, and methodology (Alahdal, 2020a; Alharbi & Alqefari, 2022; Alqahtani, 2022; Altale & Alqahtani, 2020; Alzahrani, 2019). Therefore, this qualitative case research examined the perspectives of six Saudi and international faculty members regarding translanguaging at a Saudi university. It answered the question: What are the perspectives of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) faculty at a Saudi university toward translanguaging, and why? Following the theoretical framework of sociocultural and translanguaging theories (Vygotsky, 1978; García & Li Wei, 2014), the study utilized interviews, focus group discussions, and field notes to collect the data. The thematic analysis (Stake, 1995) showed a positive position among faculty members regarding translanguaging. They called on decision-makers to empower them to participate in making pedagogic decisions according to students’ needs. Importantly, translanguaging could support the ed

This paper focuses on the clarification of the notions of unconscious perceptions («petites perceptions»), perceptions, and apperceptions in Leibniz’s theory of consciousness in order to answer two questions: 1) Ad intra, i.e. intra-substantially: How does an unconscious event become conscious within a single simple substance? 2) Ad extra, i.e. inter-substantially: where does consciousness arise in the hierarchy of monads? To answer these questions I will first analyse the theory of consciousness Leibniz framed in his metaphysics, with a focus on the most conflicting passages and problem that arise when defining consciousness. Second, I will examine the most commented interpretations that currently exist about this problem. I will focus on the positions of Rocco J. Gennaro, Larry M. Jorgensen, Christian Barth and Alison Simmons. Finally, I will propose a new interpretation of Leibniz’s theory of consciousness., El presente artículo se centra en el esclarecimiento de las nociones de percepciones inconscientes («petites perceptions»), percepciones y apercepciones en la teoría de la conciencia en Leibniz con el fin de responder dos preguntas: 1) Ad intra, es decir, intra-sustancialmente: ¿Cómo un evento inconsciente se vuelve consciente dentro de una misma sustancia simple?; 2) Ad extra, es decir, inter-sustancialmente: ¿dónde puede decirse que surge la conciencia en la jerarquía de mónadas? Para responder estas preguntas, seguiré la siguiente metodología. En primer lugar, presentaré la teoría de la conciencia en Leibniz enmarcada en su visión metafísica. Presentaré a su vez los pasajes más conflictivos y el problema que surge al momento de definir la conciencia. En segundo lugar, presentaré las interpretaciones más comentadas que existen actualmente acerca de este problema. Me centraré en las posturas de Rocco J. Gennaro, Larry M. Jorgensen, Christian Barth y Alison Simmons. Finalmente, propondré una interpretación propia de la teoría de la conciencia en Leibniz.

Many educational systems around the world insist on applying an English Only Policy (EOP) when teaching the English language at universities without addressing their contextual needs. In Saudi Arabia, this problem leads to reduced satisfaction among faculty regarding students’ English level (Alharbi & Alqefari, 2022; Alkhairy, 2013; Alqahtani, 2020; Alsaawi, 2019; Alshammari, 2022; Altale & Alta’ani, 2019; Alzahrani, 2019; Elyas & Picard, 2010). However, the new educational transformation promised by Saudi Vision 2030 (2016) supports the Arabic language as a mother tongue for Saudis, English as an important language, and the teaching of critical thinking to respond to current global economic challenges. This creates a space for adopting translanguaging practices in English language classrooms by helping learners access their linguistic repertoire to understand, think, communicate, and learn the language (García, 2009). Recent studies at Saudi universities on faculty perspectives on translanguaging are limited in terms of context, participants, and methodology (Alahdal, 2020a; Alharbi & Alqefari, 2022; Alqahtani, 2022; Altale & Alqahtani, 2020; Alzahrani, 2019). Therefore, this qualitative case research examined the perspectives of six Saudi and international faculty members regarding translanguaging at a Saudi university. It answered the question: What are the perspectives of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) faculty at a Saudi university toward translanguaging, and why? Following the theoretical framework of sociocultural and translanguaging theories (Vygotsky, 1978; García & Li Wei, 2014), the study utilized interviews, focus group discussions, and field notes to collect the data. The thematic analysis (Stake, 1995) showed a positive position among faculty members regarding translanguaging. They called on decision-makers to empower them to participate in making pedagogic decisions according to students’ needs. Importantly, translanguaging could support the ed

The idea that journalistic work is crucial to the proper functioning of society is deeply rooted in academic and professional circles. However, the profound changes brought about by the digitalisation of the public sphere lead us to question whether this relevance is still present in the daily lives of citizens. For this reason, this research analyses Spaniards' perceptions of the importance of journalism, their trust in news and their assessment of how journalism fulfils its functions. It also examines whether there are differences in these issues between users whose main sources of information are traditional media (print, radio and television) and those who get their information from digital sources (digital media and social networks). The study is based on surveys conducted by YouGov for the Reuters Institute Digital News Report (DNR) in 2019, 2020 and 2021 among a panel of around 2,000 Spanish digital users. Participants are adult internet users who have consumed news in the last month and are representative of the online population in terms of socio-demographic and geographic criteria. The results show that Spanish users whose main sources of information are traditional media tend to value the fulfilment of journalistic roles (disseminating information, interpreting it, and monitoring power) and trust the news more than those who get their information from digital sources. However, these "digitalists" attach more importance to journalism than "traditionalists" (70.6% consider it extremely or very important compared to 59% of those who get their information from traditional media). Part of the distrust expressed by digital users is due to the degree to which it fulfils the functions traditionally attributed to journalism. As they feel that they are less well fulfilled, digital journalists have less confidence in a task that they consider important. Finally, Spaniards believe that the media should report with plurality (76%), neutrality (70%) and fairness (62%), No âmbito académico e profissional, está profundamente enraizada a ideia de que o trabalho jornalístico é de extrema importância para o bom funcionamento da sociedade. No entanto, as profundas mudanças provocadas pela digitalização da esfera públicalevam-nos a questionar se esta relevância ainda está presente no quotidiano dos cidadãos. Por esta razão, esta investigação analisa a percepção dos espanhóis sobre a importância do jornalismo, a sua confiança nas notícias e a sua avaliação do cumprimento das funções do jornalismo. Também examina se existem diferenças nestas questões entre os utilizadores cujas fontes de informação são principalmente os meios de comunicação tradicionais (imprensa escrita, rádio e televisão) e aqueles que obtêm as suas informações a partir de fontes digitais (meios digitais e redes sociais). O estudo baseia-se em inquéritos realizados em 2019, 2020 e 2021 pela YouGov para o Reuters Institute Digital News Report (DNR) a um painel de cerca de 2.000 utilizadores digitais espanhóis. Os participantes são utilizadores adultos da Internet, que consumiram notícias no último mês, representativos da população em linha de acordo com critérios sociodemográficos e geográficos. Os resultados mostram que os utilizadores espanhóis cujas fontes de informação são principalmente os meios de comunicação tradicionais tendem a valorizar mais o cumprimento das funções do jornalismo (divulgar informação, interpretá-la, controlar o poder) e a confiar mais nas notícias do que aqueles que obtêm a sua informação a partir de fontes digitais. No entanto, estes utilizadores "digitalistas" dão mais importância ao jornalismo do que os utilizadores "tradicionalistas" (70,6% consideram-no extremamente ou muito relevante, contra 59% dos que se informam através dosmeios tradicionais). Parte da desconfiança manifestada pelos utilizadores digitais deve-se ao grau de cumprimento das funções tradicionalmente atribuídas ao jornalismo. Ao sentirem que estão menos bem preenchidas, os, En el ámbito académico y profesional está arraigada la idea de que la labor periodística es de máxima importancia para el buen funcionamiento de la sociedad. Sin embargo, los profundos cambios que ha traído la digitalización de la esfera pública llevan a cuestionar si esta relevancia sigue también presente en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos. Por ello, esta investigación analiza la percepción de los españoles sobre la importancia del periodismo, la confianza en las noticias y su valoración del cumplimiento de las funciones del periodismo. Examina, además, si hay diferencias en estas cuestiones entre los usuarios cuyas fuentes de información son principalmente los medios de comunicación tradicionales (prensa en papel, radio y televisión) y aquellos que se informan a través de fuentes digitales (medios digitales y redes sociales). El estudio se basa en las encuestas realizadas en 2019, 2020 y 2021 por YouGov para el Reuters Institute Digital News Report (DNR) a un panel de unos 2000 usuarios digitales españoles. Los participantes son internautas adultos, que han consumido noticias en el último mes, representativos de la población onlinesegún criterios sociodemográficos y geográficos. Los resultados muestran que los usuarios españoles cuyas fuentes de información son principalmente los medios de comunicación tradicionales tienden a valorar mejor el cumplimiento de los roles del periodismo (difundir información, interpretarla, vigilar al poder) y a confiar más en las noticias que aquellos que se informan a través de fuentes digitales. Sin embargo, estos usuarios «digitalistas» otorgan mayor relevancia al periodismo que los usuarios «tradicionalistas» (70,6% lo consideran extremadamente o muy relevante frente al 59% de los que se informan por medios tradicionales). Parte de la desconfianza manifestada por los digitalistas se debe al grado de cumplimiento de las funciones que tradicionalmente se ha otorgado al periodismo. Al sentir que su cumplimiento es menor, los dig

Objective: We present an analysis of the perceptions of the inhabitants of the Sonora river basin in relation to the institutions responsible for water management, as well as the perceptions on their performance. Methodology: The study is framed in the context of the mining contamination of the Sonora River in 2014 and is based on semi-structured interviews to inhabitants of the Sonora River communities in 2016 and 2019. Results: The results reflect disagreement with the institutional work, which is based on the precarious opening for communication of the institutions, the absence of consultation mechanisms for decision-making and a perception of unrelated interests between institutions and residents. Limitations: Within the limitations of this study we find that, as it is a study on the inhabitants of the basin, little allows us to explain about the interior of the institutions and the reason for their behavior. Conclusions: we concluded there is both a precarious institutional trust and an institutional exercise that is not conducive to the optimal exercise of governance., Objetivo: se presenta un análisis de las percepciones de los habitantes de la cuenca del río Sonora en relación con las instituciones responsables de la gestión del agua, así como las percepciones sobre su desempeño. Metodología: el estudio está enmarcado en el contexto de la contaminación minera del río Sonora en 2014 y se basa en entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a habitantes de las comunidades del río Sonora en los años 2016 y 2019. Resultados: los resultados reflejan inconformidad hacia el quehacer institucional, la cual tiene su base en la precaria apertura para comunicación de las instituciones, ausencia de mecanismos de consulta para la toma de decisiones y una percepción de intereses desvinculados entre instituciones y pobladores. Limitaciones: dentro de las limitaciones en este estudio encontramos que, al tratarse de un estudio sobre los pobladores de la cuenca, poco permite explicar acerca del interior de las instituciones y el porqué del comportamiento de estas. Conclusiones: como conclusión se encuentra tanto una confianza institucional precaria como un ejercicio institucional poco propicio para el óptimo ejercicio de la gobernanza.

The reality of the coronavirus has led to multiple transformations in various social sectors, of which the field of education is not alien. In this context, the changes have gone through new training scenarios that make use of technology, distance training and virtuality, a fact that for many educational institutions and teachers constitutes new experiences. This scenario was a particularly difficult challenge for teachers when developing educational practices in times of pandemic. Based on what has been described, the present investigation aims to analyze the perceptions around the experience of educating in times of pandemic in a sample of Colombian, Argentine and Chilean teachers. For this, two types of research framed in a qualitative paradigm are used, the first investigates social representations with the technique of natural semantic networks and the second recovers narratives that are analyzed with the technique of content analysis. With the data collected, an analysis is carried out establishing prevalence, similarities and differences between the countries, in which some trends and recurrences are evidenced regarding the difficulties of educating in times of pandemic, such as connectivity, use of technologies, time, emotions, among others. At the same time, some aspects are rescued that suggest a capitalization of the situation, based on overcoming adversity with educational experiences marked by the novelty, the assessment of the relationships between subjects, the role of the teacher, the family, the resources and pedagogical strategies, among others., La realidad del coronavirus ha supuesto múltiples transformaciones en diversos sectores sociales, de los cuales el campo de la educación no es ajeno. En este contexto, los cambios han transitado por nuevos escenarios formativos que hacen uso de la tecnología, la formación a distancia y la virtualidad, hecho que para muchas instituciones educativas y docentes se constituyen en experiencias novedosas. Este escenario supuso para los docentes un desafío particularmente difícil al momento de gestar prácticas educativas en tiempo de pandemia. A partir de lo descrito, la presente investigación se propone analizar las percepciones alrededor de la experiencia de educar en época de pandemia en una muestra de docentes colombianos, argentinos y chilenos. Para ello se acude a dos tipos de investigación enmarcados en un paradigma cualitativo, el primero indaga las representaciones sociales con la técnica de redes semánticas naturales y el segundo recupera narrativas que son analizadas con la técnica de análisis de contenido. Con los datos recogidos se realiza un análisis estableciendo predominancias, similitudes y diferencias entre los países, en los cuales se evidencia algunas tendencias y recurrencias en torno a las dificultades de educar en tiempo de pandemia, tales como la conectividad, uso de tecnologías, tiempo, emociones, entre otros. Al mismo tiempo se rescatan algunos aspectos que sugieren una capitalización de la situación, a partir de la superación de la adversidad con experiencias educativas marcadas por lo novedoso, la valoración de las relaciones entre las personas, el rol del docente, la familia, los recursos y estrategias pedagógicas, entre otros.

This article analyzes social policies with an educational and labor component, aimed at young people in the province of Córdoba, Argentina between 2020-2021, from a gender perspective. In this case, gender appears as a category of analysis that allows us to account for the complexity of ways of “being young” and thus recognize different views and perspectives. The results show that social policies appear gendered and include some aspects of positive discrimination but do not adopt a transversal perspective that redistributes the exercise of power in relation to gender., Este artigo analisa as políticas sociais com componente educacional e trabalhista, destinadas a jovens da província de Córdoba, Argentina, durante o período 2020-2021, a partir de uma perspectiva de gênero. Nesse caso, gênero aparece como uma categoria de análise que permite dar conta da complexidade dos modos de “ser jovem” e assim reconhecer/reconstruir diferentes visões e perspectivas em torno dele? Os resultados mostram que as políticas sociais aparecem generificadas e incluem alguns aspectos da discriminação positiva, mas não adotam uma perspectiva transversal que redistribui o exercício do poder em relação ao gênero, El presente artículo analiza las políticas sociales con componente educativo y laboral, orientadas a jóvenes en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, durante el período 2020- 2021, desde la perspectiva de género. En este caso, el género aparece como categoría de análisis que permite dar cuenta de la complejidad de formas de “ser joven” y así reconocer distintas miradas y perspectivas en torno al mismo. Los resultados arrojan que las políticas sociales aparecen como generizadas e incluyen algunos aspectos de discriminación positiva, pero no adoptan una perspectiva transversal que redistribuya el ejercicio de poder en relación con el género.

Investors’ perceptions, and their understanding related to an investment, are paramount to decision-making in economic and investment settings. Social media is increasingly playing a vital role in influencing investors’ perceptions and investors’ decisions in the financial arena. Social media is a comfortable and easy tool to use. That’s why it has just become a fundamental part of online news sharing and information distribution. In the first study of this thesis, a network structure is constructed and built social ties circle based on the frequency of communication of investors within the network, and the network size of the investors to develop a comprehensive measurement scale for the social network index. Our findings indicate that the acquisition of information in the social network of investors depends on different components or factors. A significant factor in the network index is the network degree (network connectivity). It implies that network members with higher degrees or connections acquire vast amounts of information. Likewise, investors with larger networks receive enormous amounts of information, notably "following," which is the principal component in terms of network size. As a result, network size appears as the network index's second biggest factor. The smaller contribution comes from social tie circles. However, collectively, all these factors represent the social network index. In the second study, we argue that the impact of financial information and news on investors’ perceptions is moderated by network factors such as network structure, social ties, and network size of the network. The impact of information on an individual’s perception is also called a social network or network effect. To tackle the moderating role of these network factors, we employed PLS-SEM as a statistical technique. The findings of this study indicate that network connectivity and social ties are crucial for the acquisition of information within the network. The findi

Subsistence farmers with high dependency on natural resources are exceptionally vulnerable to rainfall changes. Besides, they are in the front row when it comes to observing these changes. Studies that systematically investigate similarities and differences between measured and perceived rainfall changes are typically limited to trends in rainfall amounts, thereby disregarding changes in extreme events, rainy season durations, and timing. We address this gap by contrasting rainfall changes perceived by subsistence farmers in the Ethiopian highlands with meteorological daily rainfall data derived from the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS). We applied nine distinct metrics for rainfall dynamics, accounting for rainfall variability, including extreme events and changes in the onset and cessation of the two rainy seasons. Farmers perceived increasingly unreliable rainfall for both the short and the long rainy seasons, with later onset and earlier cessation, increasing rainfall intensity, and increasing occurrence of untimely rainfall and droughts. This partially disagrees with the CHIRPS data that indicate most significant rainfall changes for the short rainy season only. Since the early 1980s, this season has been experiencing decreasing rainfall amounts, with high variability between years and an increasingly uncertain – yet delayed – onset. In contrast, the long rainy season experienced little changes in rainfall. Our results point towards changing farmers' water availability and water demand as an explanation for the perceived deteriorating rainfall conditions. As farmers’ perceptions partly diverge from meteorological observations, both data sources should be used complementarily to improve our understanding of climatic change.

The article examines the Elements of Philosophy, taught by Andrés Bello to Juan Alemparte in Santiago de Chile around 1840-1843 and currently preserved in a manuscript copy. It is shown that the Elements of Philosophy correspond to a preliminary outline of the matters addressed by Bello both in the newspaper El Crepúsculo and in his posthumous work Philosophy of the Understanding. For this reason, it is proposed that these manuscript notes constitute an exclusive testimony of the private lessons of the Venezuelan Master in Santiago of the 19th century and exhibit a stage of early maturation of ideas that will become gravitational in his magnum opus. It is expected that this material represents an input for future research on perceptions in general, and from the perspective of the thinker from Caracas in particular., El artículo estudia los Elementos de Filosofía (EdF), dictados por Andrés Bello a Juan Alemparte en Santiago de Chile hacia los años 1840-1843 y conservados actualmente en una copia manuscrita. Se muestra que los EdF corresponden a un esbozo preliminar de las materias abordadas por Bello tanto en las entregas del periódico El Crepúsculo como en su obra póstuma Filosofía del Entendimiento. Por ello, se plantea que estas lecciones manuscritas constituyen un testimonio exclusivo de las clases particulares del maestro venezolano en Santiago del siglo XIX y exhiben, además, un estadio de maduración temprano de ideas que llegarán a ser gravitantes en su obra magna. Se espera que este material represente un insumo para futuras pesquisas en torno a las percepciones en general, y desde la perspectiva del pensador caraqueño en particular.

The reality of the coronavirus has led to multiple transformations in various social sectors, of which the field of education is not alien. In this context, the changes have gone through new training scenarios that make use of technology, distance training and virtuality, a fact that for many educational institutions and teachers constitutes new experiences. This scenario was a particularly difficult challenge for teachers when developing educational practices in times of pandemic. Based on what has been described, the present investigation aims to analyze the perceptions around the experience of educating in times of pandemic in a sample of Colombian, Argentine and Chilean teachers. For this, two types of research framed in a qualitative paradigm are used, the first investigates social representations with the technique of natural semantic networks and the second recovers narratives that are analyzed with the technique of content analysis. With the data collected, an analysis is carried out establishing prevalence, similarities and differences between the countries, in which some trends and recurrences are evidenced regarding the difficulties of educating in times of pandemic, such as connectivity, use of technologies, time, emotions, among others. At the same time, some aspects are rescued that suggest a capitalization of the situation, based on overcoming adversity with educational experiences marked by the novelty, the assessment of the relationships between subjects, the role of the teacher, the family, the resources and pedagogical strategies, among others., La realidad del coronavirus ha supuesto múltiples transformaciones en diversos sectores sociales, de los cuales el campo de la educación no es ajeno. En este contexto, los cambios han transitado por nuevos escenarios formativos que hacen uso de la tecnología, la formación a distancia y la virtualidad, hecho que para muchas instituciones educativas y docentes se constituyen en experiencias novedosas. Este escenario supuso para los docentes un desafío particularmente difícil al momento de gestar prácticas educativas en tiempo de pandemia. A partir de lo descrito, la presente investigación se propone analizar las percepciones alrededor de la experiencia de educar en época de pandemia en una muestra de docentes colombianos, argentinos y chilenos. Para ello se acude a dos tipos de investigación enmarcados en un paradigma cualitativo, el primero indaga las representaciones sociales con la técnica de redes semánticas naturales y el segundo recupera narrativas que son analizadas con la técnica de análisis de contenido. Con los datos recogidos se realiza un análisis estableciendo predominancias, similitudes y diferencias entre los países, en los cuales se evidencia algunas tendencias y recurrencias en torno a las dificultades de educar en tiempo de pandemia, tales como la conectividad, uso de tecnologías, tiempo, emociones, entre otros. Al mismo tiempo se rescatan algunos aspectos que sugieren una capitalización de la situación, a partir de la superación de la adversidad con experiencias educativas marcadas por lo novedoso, la valoración de las relaciones entre las personas, el rol del docente, la familia, los recursos y estrategias pedagógicas, entre otros.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to describe the level of knowledge, perceptions, and practices in relation to risks and disasters in medical schools in Latin America and the Caribbean. Participants and Methods: Multicenter, observational, analytical, non-probabilistic convenience sample study with 2546 medical students in 9 countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. An online survey was conducted between October 2020 and November 2020, using an instrument validated in each country to assess knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding risk and disaster prevention measures. Frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation (SD) were used for descriptive analysis. Differences resulting from the relationship between the variables studied and the level of knowledge were obtained using the Chi-square test. P-value [removed]

Athletic injuries are common in youth sports, and much research has focused on the injury experience of athletes. However, less attention has been given to the impact of adolescent injury on relevant others within athletes' recovery orbit, particularly parents. This narrative review examines the impact of adolescent injury on parents using the Multilevel Model of Sport Injury (MMSI). Results revealed that parents' experience of their adolescent's injury is influenced by intra- and interpersonal factors (e.g., thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and interactions with coaches, and sport medicine providers), as well as institutional, cultural, and policylevel factors (e.g., lack of organizational support, internalization of sport norms about playing with pain, and sport injury policies and guidelines). The review provides a more nuanced understanding of the factors and interactions that parents have following adolescent sport injury. Further research using the MMSI can extend current conceptualization and theorizing regarding parents' experiences following adolescent injury.

BackgroundRecent research indicates that understanding how children and youth perceive mental health, how it is manifests, and where the line between mental health issues and everyday challenges should be drawn, is complex and varied. Consequently, it is important to investigate how children and youth perceive and communicate about mental health. With this in mind, our goal is to synthesize the literature on how children and youth (ages 10-25) perceive and conceptualize mental health.MethodsWe conducted a preliminary search to identify the keywords, employing a search strategy across electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Sociological abstracts and Google Scholar. The search encompassed the period from September 20, 2021, to September 30, 2021. This effort yielded 11 eligible studies. Our scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR Checklist.ResultsAs various aspects of uncertainty in understanding of mental health have emerged, the results indicate the importance of establishing a shared language concerning mental health. This is essential for clarifying the distinctions between everyday challenges and issues that require treatment.ConclusionWe require a language that can direct children, parents, school personnel and professionals toward appropriate support and aid in formulating health interventions. Additionally, it holds significance to promote an understanding of the positive aspects of mental health. This emphasis should extend to the competence development of school personnel, enabling them to integrate insights about mental well-being into routine interactions with young individuals. This approach could empower children and youth to acquire the understanding that mental health is not a static condition but rather something that can be enhanced or, at the very least, maintained.

The purpose of this qualitative collective case study is to explore the perceptions of Black parents of middle school children concerning parental involvement in a Northeastern U.S. inner-city district. The theory guiding this study is Epstein's Parental Involvement Theory, which defines types of involvement: parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision-making, and collaborating with the community. This qualitative research study used a case study approach. This case study occurred in a Northeastern inner-city district. Participants in this study were 12-15 Black parents of middle school children in a northeast U.S. inner-city district. The researcher collected data through individual interviews, focus group interviews, and document analyses. Additionally, the researcher conducted data analyses based on Creswell by using coding, memoing, analyzing transcriptions from interviews, and analyzing notes. The data showed that the majority of Black parents of middle school children perceived parental involvement as important and beneficial, but some parents lacked time due to their busy schedules. Overall, parents’ perception of their involvement was impacted due to their role of parenting at home, communication with their child, and partnership with the school in shared decision-making.

There is an overrepresentation of African American youths at every stage of the juvenile justice system in America, from initial interaction with criminal justice to sentencing and imprisonment. This quantitative correlational study aimed to study the perceived racial discrimination of incarcerated African American juveniles by correctional officers. Statistics indicate that African Americans have a higher probability of offending and incarceration than their White counterparts. Some juveniles are serving long-term sentences, which may go well into adulthood. This study offers general knowledge on what experiences juvenile offenders go through, what promotes such experiences, and how these experiences can affect the population of interest. First, the results of this study may play a significant role in informing the criminal justice system of the United States on reforms to improve the criminal justice system of the United States to ensure desirable outcomes. The researcher used a correlational research design to describe correctional officers' perceived racial discrimination against incarcerated African American juveniles. The population of interest in this study comprises juvenile correctional officers with work experience of at least one year or above. The researcher selected a sample size of one hundred correctional officers using snowball sampling. The researcher administered a research survey through email to correctional officers working in juvenile facilities within New York State. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The researcher used the Pearson’s correlation coefficient test to measure the statistical relationship between correctional officers’ perceptions of discrimination and race and between correctional officers’ perceptions of discrimination and years of experience.

Athletic injuries are common in youth sports, and much research has focused on the injury experience of athletes. However, less attention has been given to the impact of adolescent injury on relevant others within athletes' recovery orbit, particularly parents. This narrative review examines the impact of adolescent injury on parents using the Multilevel Model of Sport Injury (MMSI). Results revealed that parents' experience of their adolescent's injury is influenced by intra- and interpersonal factors (e.g., thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and interactions with coaches, and sport medicine providers), as well as institutional, cultural, and policylevel factors (e.g., lack of organizational support, internalization of sport norms about playing with pain, and sport injury policies and guidelines). The review provides a more nuanced understanding of the factors and interactions that parents have following adolescent sport injury. Further research using the MMSI can extend current conceptualization and theorizing regarding parents' experiences following adolescent injury.

BackgroundRecent research indicates that understanding how children and youth perceive mental health, how it is manifests, and where the line between mental health issues and everyday challenges should be drawn, is complex and varied. Consequently, it is important to investigate how children and youth perceive and communicate about mental health. With this in mind, our goal is to synthesize the literature on how children and youth (ages 10-25) perceive and conceptualize mental health.MethodsWe conducted a preliminary search to identify the keywords, employing a search strategy across electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Sociological abstracts and Google Scholar. The search encompassed the period from September 20, 2021, to September 30, 2021. This effort yielded 11 eligible studies. Our scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR Checklist.ResultsAs various aspects of uncertainty in understanding of mental health have emerged, the results indicate the importance of establishing a shared language concerning mental health. This is essential for clarifying the distinctions between everyday challenges and issues that require treatment.ConclusionWe require a language that can direct children, parents, school personnel and professionals toward appropriate support and aid in formulating health interventions. Additionally, it holds significance to promote an understanding of the positive aspects of mental health. This emphasis should extend to the competence development of school personnel, enabling them to integrate insights about mental well-being into routine interactions with young individuals. This approach could empower children and youth to acquire the understanding that mental health is not a static condition but rather something that can be enhanced or, at the very least, maintained.

This thesis explores the concept of hybridity within the context of rebel-to-party transformation, with a particular focus on Renamo during the period of 2015-2017 in Mozambique. This timeframe was marked by a resurgence of organised systematic violence, disrupting the relative peace that had prevailed in Mozambique since 1992. The central conflict revolved around the issue of local self-governance, with Renamo asserting its claim to govern in six out of Mozambique's ten provinces. During this period, Renamo operated both as a political party with a significant presence in parliament and as an armed group engaged in systematic violence. The rebel-to-party literature has sparked discussions about groups that seem to retain elements of their violent past while transitioning into political parties, leading to the emergence of the concept of hybrid parties. However, this concept remains relatively undefined and underexplored. This thesis seeks to contribute to this discussion through an in-depth qualitative study of Renamo's elite-level politicians, aiming to enhance our understanding of hybrid parties. The study, conducted during the conflict years, closely examines how elite politicians in Renamo navigate their dual roles. It encompasses 14 months of fieldwork from February 2015 to January 2017, drawing on elite interviews, elite-level public statements, and elite observations of parliament, enriched by ethnographic sensibility. The analysis is grounded in a theoretical framework that allows for an exploration of Renamo's behaviour and perceptions as both an armed group and a political party, particularly concerning the issue of local self-governance. Through this analysis, the study aims to elucidate the intersections, thereby advancing our comprehension of how hybridity manifests. The main findings suggest that Renamo's hybridity predominantly manifests through processes related to contemporaneity in behaviour, elite-level legitimisation, and one key political issue

Preservice secondary mathematics teachers’ perceptions of teacher knowledge and of possible sources of that knowledge is investigated through examining their responses to an open-ended questionnaire. Participants place greatest emphasis on mathematics content knowledge and mathematics pedagogical knowledge and expect to gain most of their knowledge through formal preparation within the professional learning system rather than through self-study or through interactions with peers. This emphasises how important it is for schools and professional associations to provide regular formal learning opportunities, because future teachers may otherwise not be self-motivated to continue improving their skills independently of this.

Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are less physically active than individuals without ID, and rarely reach the recommended daily level of physical activity (PA). It is understood that both social interaction and the ability to perform physical work affect participation in daily activity as well as PA. Individuals with ID generally have a higher risk of hypertension and obesity-related cardiovascular diseases than individuals without ID. Professional service providers, teachers and parents are often those being asked about potential challenges related to PA, as it is more seldom that this knowledge comes from the target group (ID) themselves. This identifies a lack of knowledge about PA and sports for individuals with ID. The aim of this study was to identify perceptions of, and motivation for, PA and sports among adolescents with ID. Twelve Swedish male and female adolescents with ID participated in the study, which comprised one semi-structured interview. The interviews identified three main categories: Activity, Surroundings and Body- and health awareness. Adolescents with ID seemed intrinsic motivated to participate in PA, organised sports and activities in general. Support from significant others, teachers, family and friends and support as well as the feeling of joy are connected to normative beliefs which all seem crucial. The participants were aware of their limitations, but sometimes feel bullied and afraid of being excluded, which relates to their normative beliefs. Participation in PA and organised sports may be positively associated with health, but limitations such as lack of awareness and support from society challenge the perception of ‘fitting in’. This research has raised the voice of adolescents with ID and identified the need for increased knowledge of their perceptions for a more inclusive world. School PE is an arena where adolescents can still be reached regarding PA and thereby should be prioritised.

This thesis explores the concept of hybridity within the context of rebel-to-party transformation, with a particular focus on Renamo during the period of 2015-2017 in Mozambique. This timeframe was marked by a resurgence of organised systematic violence, disrupting the relative peace that had prevailed in Mozambique since 1992. The central conflict revolved around the issue of local self-governance, with Renamo asserting its claim to govern in six out of Mozambique's ten provinces. During this period, Renamo operated both as a political party with a significant presence in parliament and as an armed group engaged in systematic violence. The rebel-to-party literature has sparked discussions about groups that seem to retain elements of their violent past while transitioning into political parties, leading to the emergence of the concept of hybrid parties. However, this concept remains relatively undefined and underexplored. This thesis seeks to contribute to this discussion through an in-depth qualitative study of Renamo's elite-level politicians, aiming to enhance our understanding of hybrid parties. The study, conducted during the conflict years, closely examines how elite politicians in Renamo navigate their dual roles. It encompasses 14 months of fieldwork from February 2015 to January 2017, drawing on elite interviews, elite-level public statements, and elite observations of parliament, enriched by ethnographic sensibility. The analysis is grounded in a theoretical framework that allows for an exploration of Renamo's behaviour and perceptions as both an armed group and a political party, particularly concerning the issue of local self-governance. Through this analysis, the study aims to elucidate the intersections, thereby advancing our comprehension of how hybridity manifests. The main findings suggest that Renamo's hybridity predominantly manifests through processes related to contemporaneity in behaviour, elite-level legitimisation, and one key political issue

This thesis explores the concept of hybridity within the context of rebel-to-party transformation, with a particular focus on Renamo during the period of 2015-2017 in Mozambique. This timeframe was marked by a resurgence of organised systematic violence, disrupting the relative peace that had prevailed in Mozambique since 1992. The central conflict revolved around the issue of local self-governance, with Renamo asserting its claim to govern in six out of Mozambique's ten provinces. During this period, Renamo operated both as a political party with a significant presence in parliament and as an armed group engaged in systematic violence. The rebel-to-party literature has sparked discussions about groups that seem to retain elements of their violent past while transitioning into political parties, leading to the emergence of the concept of hybrid parties. However, this concept remains relatively undefined and underexplored. This thesis seeks to contribute to this discussion through an in-depth qualitative study of Renamo's elite-level politicians, aiming to enhance our understanding of hybrid parties. The study, conducted during the conflict years, closely examines how elite politicians in Renamo navigate their dual roles. It encompasses 14 months of fieldwork from February 2015 to January 2017, drawing on elite interviews, elite-level public statements, and elite observations of parliament, enriched by ethnographic sensibility. The analysis is grounded in a theoretical framework that allows for an exploration of Renamo's behaviour and perceptions as both an armed group and a political party, particularly concerning the issue of local self-governance. Through this analysis, the study aims to elucidate the intersections, thereby advancing our comprehension of how hybridity manifests. The main findings suggest that Renamo's hybridity predominantly manifests through processes related to contemporaneity in behaviour, elite-level legitimisation, and one key political issue

Background: GBV has been global public health, family, and social problem for several decades as it is expensive for society and the economy. The study was conducted to determine the possible differences in knowledge, perceptions, beliefs, and opinions about GBV, as a whole, across gender and employment sectors in South Africa. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using mixed-method design where we used an online survey with two open-ended questions. Perception about GBV Prevention among Employees (GBVPREV) questionnaire consisting of six Sect. (43 questions) was developed and tested. Cronbach’s alpha, Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), including Kaiser-Meyer Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO) and Bartlett’s test of Sphericity, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD were used. Content analysis was used for analysing qualitative information from two open-ended questions. Results: Among the 2 270 employees, more than half (68.1%) were females. Males were 677 (29.8%), and members of the LGBTQIAP + community were 32 (1.4%). There were statistically significant differences among males, females, and LGBTQIAP + on employee knowledge of adult experiences, employee knowledge of violence against children, employee perceptions, employee beliefs, and employee opinions and recommendations. The employees believe that all sectors of society should collaborate in addressing GBV in South Africa. They felt that victims should be encouraged to come forward, that society should be less judgemental, that stigma should be addressed and that there should be more empathy for victims. Conclusion: Most of the respondents, who were female and had tertiary education, were employed in the private sector, and were very aware of the prevalence of GBV in South Africa, agreed that support for both victims and perpetrators must be provided in private sector organizations. Even though it has been acknowledged for decades that gender inequality and GBV are reciprocal drivers, th

Environmental and sustainability education is a widespread concept nowadays, with several frameworks and competencies supporting it, such as normative learning and forest schools. However, not all of these frameworks are as accessible for every teacher, since they tend to be based on a certain approach the school has to take as a whole, or personal knowledge of the teacher that might not have been acquired yet. This qualitative study focuses on the perception of museum employees on environmental history, with the aim of providing information to history teachers on how museums can help in taking the first steps towards the integration of sustainability education in history. Eight different museum employees from two different countries were interviewed about their perceptions on history and sustainability education –also known as environmental history. The results clearly showed that sustainability and environmental history are active components in current museum education, although the intensity and perceptions of it varied. Answers from the participants showed a clear awareness, both for the topic as for potential improvements. Challenges and obstacles that were found mainly consisted of resources, people, and time. The aforementioned findings contribute to the limited understanding that currently exists on sustainability education at museums. Additional research is required in order to create a more enhanced view of how museum visits can be implemented in sustainability education.

China is believed to employ soft power in international politics to facilitate its peaceful riseand enhance its global appeal by leveraging numerous soft power resources. This study challenges the prevailing resource-centric understanding of China’s soft power by employing a constructivist framework wherein soft power manifests via the deployment of strategic narratives. The analysis of China’s strategic narrative projection and its influence on African leaders' policies and perceptions of China is explored with a specific focus on Ethiopia and South Africa using a qualitative content analysis. The findings reveal that China's narrative projection plays a significant role in shaping the portrayal of Beijing's initiatives in Ethiopia and South Africa. The narratives emphasize a historical connection and shared identity, presenting China as a reliable partner committed to trustworthiness and solidarity with the African populace. The study highlights the importance of soft power narratives in the context of multiple powers vying for influence in African countries. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the deployment of strategic narratives and their impact on shaping perceptions of Sino-African relations.

Since the end of the Cold War, security and security threats have transcended beyond the traditional security aspects due to changed global interactions in the facets of economic, political, diplomatic and even domestic policies of individual states. The ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine has not only heightened defence and security concerns in Europe and globally but has also revived the Cold War security tensions in some way necessitating an understanding of how contemporary security threats and crisis preparedness are perceived by civilians in this modern day and age. Building from Ontological Security theory which holds that when an individual's sense of self and stability is challenged, they experience enormous anxiety, this study examines the attitudes and perceptions of the youths (many of whom were born and raised in the post-Cold War era) on security threats as well as their knowledge and trust in the government's civil defence and crisis preparedness in Växjö, Sweden. The study's analysis concludes that, despite being barely informed on civil defence crisis preparedness, Växjö's youths regard the ongoing war in Ukraine as less threatening to their ontological security but rather other human security issues due to factors like the war's narrative bearing little relevance, youth's media scepticism and refraining from negative news. Furthermore, the findings present a dramatic range of trust among the youths in the government's competence to handle emergencies, reflecting on crisis preparedness knowledge among the youths in Växjö.

I takt med det ökade intresset för könsneutralt mode har allt fler företag inkluderat könsneutrala modekollektioner i sina sortiment. Trots dessa framsteg visar modemarknaden fortfarande tydliga tecken på att vara präglad av könsbinaritet och traditionella könsnormer. Mot denna bakgrund syftar följande studie till att undersöka konsumenternas uppfattningar av könsneutralt mode inom marknadsföring. Studien använder en kvalitativ metod med en induktiv forskningsansats. Totalt utfördes nio semistrukturerade intervjuer där personer tillhörande Generation Z valdes ut för att analysera könsneutrala reklamkampanjer. Vid analys av empirin beaktades studiens syfte och frågeställningar samt tidigare forskning och det teoretiska ramverket som består av Erving Goffmans teori om hur genus framförs i reklam. Resultatet i uppsatsen visade att könsneutralt mode inom marknadsföring inte enbart handlar om själva klädesplagget i sig utan även de omgivande omständigheterna i bilden. Konsumenters uppfattningar om något är könsneutralt eller inte påverkas av olika faktorer. Det framgår att konsumenter oftast associerar könsneutralt mode med manlig stil och att könsstereotyper fortfarande påverkar marknadsföringen inom modeindustrin. Könssammansättningen av modeller i reklambilder är en annan faktor som påverkar konsumenternas uppfattning. Dessutom framgår det av resultaten att respondenterna beskriver könsneutralt mode som både unikt och samtidigt tråkigt, vilket skapar en paradox. Dessa resultat är av praktisk relevans för modeföretagare som behöver fatta strategiska beslut i sin marknadsföring., With the growing interest in gender-neutral fashion, an increasing number of companies have included gender-neutral fashion collections in their ranges. Despite this progress, the fashion market still shows clear signs of being characterized by gender binarism and traditional gender norms. Against this background, the following study aims to investigate consumers' perceptions of gender-neutral fashion in marketing. The study uses a qualitative method with an inductive research approach. A total of nine semi-structured interviews were conducted where people belonging to Generation Z were selected to analyze gender-neutral advertising campaigns. When analyzing the empirical data, the study's purpose and questions were taken into account, as well as previous research and the theoretical framework consisting of Erving Goffman's theory of how gender is presented in advertising. The results of the study showed that gender-neutral fashion in marketing is not only about the garment itself but also the surrounding circumstances of the image. Consumers' perceptions of whether something is gender neutral or not are influenced by various factors. It appears that consumers mostly associate gender-neutral fashion with male style and that gender stereotypes still influence marketing in the fashion industry. The gender composition of models in advertising images is another factor that influences consumer perception. Furthermore, the results show that respondents describe gender-neutral fashion as both unique and at the same time boring, which creates a paradox. These findings are of practical relevance for fashion entrepreneurs who need to make strategic decisions in their marketing. The research paper is written in swedish.

In view of increased support for a rightwing populist (RWP) party and marketization of the Swedish welfare state, here we study local politicians’ and voters’ perceptions of welfare service privatization. We specifically ask whether such perceptions form coherent attitudinal profiles, linked to partisanship and left-right ideology. Using survey data focusing on the views of local politicians and voters in Sweden, we analyze perceptions of potential consequences of privatization and apply cluster analysis to examine whether and how such perceptions are interlinked. The results show that two distinct and contrasting latent profiles can be identified based on the underlying pattern across eight indicators. A large majority displays these profiles, which are closely connected to partisanship and ideology. Moreover, an ambivalent profile is identified. Contrary to expectations, views expressed by RWP politicians and voters are mainly aligned with the coherent profile associated with social democrats but also to a lesser extent the ambivalent profile. Thus, there appears to be a duality in RWP politicians’ and voters’ perceptions of welfare service privatization, suggesting that the potential impact of increased support for an RWP party on the future development of welfare service delivery in Sweden is not clear-cut.

Introduction: Teacher conceptions of feedback ideally predict their feedback practices, but little robust evidence identifies which beliefs matter to practices. It is logical to presume that teacher conceptions of feedback would align with the policy framework of an educational jurisdiction. The Teacher Conceptions of Feedback (TCoF) inventory was developed in New Zealand which has a relatively low-stakes, formative policy framework. Methods: This study surveyed 451 Swedish teachers working in Years 1-9, a policy context that prioritises teachers using multiple data sources to help students learn. The study used a translated version of the TCoF inventory, but isolated six items related to formative feedback practices from various factors. Results: A six-factor TCoF was recovered (Praise, Improvement, Ignore, Required, PASA, and Timely), giving partial replication to the previous study. A well-fitting structural equation model showed formative practices were predicted by just two conceptions of feedback (i.e., feedback improves learning and students may ignore feedback). Discussion: This study demonstrates that the TCoF inventory can be used to identify plausible relations from feedback beliefs to formative feedback practices.

BackgroundRecent research indicates that understanding how children and youth perceive mental health, how it is manifests, and where the line between mental health issues and everyday challenges should be drawn, is complex and varied. Consequently, it is important to investigate how children and youth perceive and communicate about mental health. With this in mind, our goal is to synthesize the literature on how children and youth (ages 10-25) perceive and conceptualize mental health.MethodsWe conducted a preliminary search to identify the keywords, employing a search strategy across electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Sociological abstracts and Google Scholar. The search encompassed the period from September 20, 2021, to September 30, 2021. This effort yielded 11 eligible studies. Our scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR Checklist.ResultsAs various aspects of uncertainty in understanding of mental health have emerged, the results indicate the importance of establishing a shared language concerning mental health. This is essential for clarifying the distinctions between everyday challenges and issues that require treatment.ConclusionWe require a language that can direct children, parents, school personnel and professionals toward appropriate support and aid in formulating health interventions. Additionally, it holds significance to promote an understanding of the positive aspects of mental health. This emphasis should extend to the competence development of school personnel, enabling them to integrate insights about mental well-being into routine interactions with young individuals. This approach could empower children and youth to acquire the understanding that mental health is not a static condition but rather something that can be enhanced or, at the very least, maintained.

Background: Recent research indicates that understanding how children and youth perceive mental health, how it is manifests, and where the line between mental health issues and everyday challenges should be drawn, is complex and varied. Consequently, it is important to investigate how children and youth perceive and communicate about mental health. With this in mind, our goal is to synthesize the literature on how children and youth (ages 10-25) perceive and conceptualize mental health. Methods: We conducted a preliminary search to identify the keywords, employing a search strategy across electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Sociological abstracts and Google Scholar. The search encompassed the period from September 20, 2021, to September 30, 2021. This effort yielded 11 eligible studies. Our scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. Results: As various aspects of uncertainty in understanding of mental health have emerged, the results indicate the importance of establishing a shared language concerning mental health. This is essential for clarifying the distinctions between everyday challenges and issues that require treatment. Conclusion: We require a language that can direct children, parents, school personnel and professionals toward appropriate support and aid in formulating health interventions. Additionally, it holds significance to promote an understanding of the positive aspects of mental health. This emphasis should extend to the competence development of school personnel, enabling them to integrate insights about mental well-being into routine interactions with young individuals. This approach could empower children and youth to acquire the understanding that mental health is not a static condition but rather something that can be enhanced or, at the very least, maintained.

This thesis presents the perceptions of the South Sudanese young men, their families, and community leaders from Shepparton, in Victoria, Australia, about youth crime. The aim is to improved youth crime prevention through family support. Young men from Sudanese backgrounds in Victoria are over-represented in crime statistics, yet their voices and those of their families are not well-documented in the literature. Ecological systems theory was used to theoretically unify the ‘Pathways to Prevention’ framework for youth crime prevention with the ‘wraparound’ approach to family support. The participants were fifteen young men, fifteen parents and two community leaders from the Shepparton South Sudanese community. Phenomenological interviews were conducted with all participants. This study found participants’ experiences of war in South Sudan, prior to their migration to Australia as refugees, has a significant impact on their lives in Australia. Poor mental health, issues related to integration into Australian society, experiences of racism, media stereotypes related to African Australians, parental cultural values and expectations, and cross-cultural misunderstandings are among some of the challenges young men face. The data presented in this thesis demonstrated that multi-disciplinary family and support services need to collaborate more to support South Sudanese families and young people, and this would have direct benefits for their well-being and crime prevention. Furthermore, the research shows that the younger generation want their parents to engage with them and pass on their stories of fleeing from conflict violence in South Sudan, and challenges of migrating to Australia. In my conclusion, I identify some sensitive issues that a family support worker would need to consider, including different cultural values on masculinity, some of which may increase risk for young men’s involvement in crime, and cultural perspectives on discipline and physical punishment. Som

This thesis explores the concept of hybridity within the context of rebel-to-party transformation, with a particular focus on Renamo during the period of 2015-2017 in Mozambique. This timeframe was marked by a resurgence of organised systematic violence, disrupting the relative peace that had prevailed in Mozambique since 1992. The central conflict revolved around the issue of local self-governance, with Renamo asserting its claim to govern in six out of Mozambique's ten provinces. During this period, Renamo operated both as a political party with a significant presence in parliament and as an armed group engaged in systematic violence. The rebel-to-party literature has sparked discussions about groups that seem to retain elements of their violent past while transitioning into political parties, leading to the emergence of the concept of hybrid parties. However, this concept remains relatively undefined and underexplored. This thesis seeks to contribute to this discussion through an in-depth qualitative study of Renamo's elite-level politicians, aiming to enhance our understanding of hybrid parties. The study, conducted during the conflict years, closely examines how elite politicians in Renamo navigate their dual roles. It encompasses 14 months of fieldwork from February 2015 to January 2017, drawing on elite interviews, elite-level public statements, and elite observations of parliament, enriched by ethnographic sensibility. The analysis is grounded in a theoretical framework that allows for an exploration of Renamo's behaviour and perceptions as both an armed group and a political party, particularly concerning the issue of local self-governance. Through this analysis, the study aims to elucidate the intersections, thereby advancing our comprehension of how hybridity manifests. The main findings suggest that Renamo's hybridity predominantly manifests through processes related to contemporaneity in behaviour, elite-level legitimisation, and one key political issue

INTRODUCTION: Neonatal Near Miss (NNM) refers to neonates with severe complications who almost died but survived immediately after birth. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of NNM has been assessed using a validated Neonatal Near-Miss Assessment Scale. However, understanding the experiences and perceptions of healthcare providers in the clinical management and care of NNM infants remains unexplored. The aim was to investigate the determinants contributing to the survival of neonatal near-miss babies and to identify any barriers encountered, as reported by the experiences of healthcare providers in public hospitals of Amhara Regional State, northwest Ethiopia. METHODS: Semi structured interviews were used to collect data from 25 midwives, nurses, and pediatricians with at least six months of prior experience in one of the labor wards or neonatal intensive care units at one of the four public health hospitals in the Amhara Regional state of northwest Ethiopia included in a large intervention study assessing a NNM scale. Purposeful sampling was used, selecting participants based on their experiences related to the aim of this study. The participants had a varying level of education and years of experience to care for NNM infants. The average age of the healthcare providers was 31 years, with 7 years of work experience. The transcripts of the interviews with the healthcare providers were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: The experience and perceptions of healthcare providers was described in the main category "A sense of hopelessness when caring for the baby" capturing a broader emotional and professional aspect, while the subcategories "Unclear responsibilities discharging one's mission", "Provision of kangaroo mother care" and "Quick action required at birth" are more specific and practical. Healthcare providers perceived a sense of hopelessness when caring for the NNM infant, particularly providing Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) and quick actions when requir

L’aspect mental dans la préparation d’un athlète est souvent oublié ou mis de côté. En effet, les athlètes sont méconnaissant face à l’entraînement mental et son utilité dans le contexte de leurs performances. Cette méconnaissance pratique est d’autant plus observée dans le contexte du motocross. Il existe un vide scientifique s’intéressant à l’aspect mental des pilotes de motocross. En ce sens, ce projet de recherche a pour objectifs de connaître les perceptions des pilotes de motocross par rapport à l’entraînement et la force mentale, d’identifier les stratégies mentales pour gérer les distractions ainsi que d’identifier les motifs de participation et d’engagement sportif malgré les blessures et les risques associés au sport. Afin de répondre à ces objectifs, des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées chez huit pilotes de motocross francophones de catégories professionnelles ou intermédiaires et de niveau provincial. Une approche d’analyse inductive générale de données qualitatives a été utilisée afin d’analyser les données de recherche. Les résultats démontrent que les pilotes de motocross ont une faible connaissance des concepts d’entraînement mental et de force mentale. D’autant plus, ils ne pratiquent pas l’entraînement mental, mais ils croient qu’elle pourrait être utile dans le cadre de leur pratique sportive. Le manque de ressources dans le domaine et le ressentiment de ne pas en avoir besoin expliquent leur non-pratique de l’entraînement mental. La gestion des distractions telles que la moto, les spectateurs et la météo est possible grâce à plusieurs stratégies telles que la routine, la visualisation, les mots clés et le dialogue interne. Leur participation sportive s’explique par une satisfaction personnelle par le plaisir, le bien-être et le contrôle. En somme, cette étude permet de mieux comprendre l’aspect mental de la performance dans le cadre du motocross compétitif. Aussi, elle facilitera les différents intervenants dans l’entourage des pilotes à

This paper reports on a study that investigated the perception held by pre-service teachers on identity formation. The study was purely quantitative involving 522 pre-service teachers. Data was obtained through the use of a set of questionnaires. Means, standard deviations, and independent t-tests were used in analysing the data. The results show that many of the respondents highly felt that identity formation is the way they view and understand themselves as teachers. In addition, they felt that identity formation is how they are recognised as a certain kind of persons, connected not to their internal states but to their performances in society. On the other hand, many of the pre-service teachers had different perceptions about identity formation. Thus, they disagreed that identity formation is about how they talk or think about themselves, or how others talk or think about them. The study further found no statistically significant difference between male and female pre-service teachers regarding their perceptions of identity formation. It is recommended that teacher educators must formulate and implement teaching philosophies that will reflect proper identity formation of pre-service teachers. Also, teacher education institutions must liaise with the National Teaching Council to periodically review the curriculum taking into consideration the demands of the 21st century teaching profession.

The objective of this research is to examine the impact of ethical leadership on the ethical decision-making beliefs of students in the field of business management, specifically focusing on the data collected from Bangladesh. The study covers a heterogeneous sample of 406 participants, including individuals of all genders and varying age ranges, mostly from Dhaka University and North South University. The results indicate that all participants had a reasonable level of acquaintance with ethical leadership, indicating a consistent level of awareness among them. The participants expressed mostly favorable perspectives towards ethical leadership, as a substantial majority agreed that ethical leaders demonstrate integrity and act as exemplars of ethical conduct within the professional setting. Regarding the matter of ethical decision-making within the realm of business management, a considerable agreement exists, emphasizing its indispensability for the long-term prosperity of a firm. However, divergent viewpoints are evident about its effects on reputation, customer trust, staff morale, organizational culture, and sustainable practices. The research further examined the observation of ethical leaders, experiences with ethical challenges, and the incorporation of formal ethical training into company management. The vast majority of participants said that they had seen the presence of ethical leaders and had faced ethical challenges, underscoring their widespread occurrence. Additionally, a significant majority expressed support for the incorporation of structured ethical training within the realm of corporate management. In spite of these findings, a statistical analysis using ordered logistic regression revealed that the associations between the independent variables (Ethical Decision-Making, Observation of Ethical Leaders, Encounter with Ethical Dilemmas, Belief in Formal Ethical Training) and the ordinal dependent variable did not reach statistical significance at c

This paper reports on a study that investigated the perception held by pre-service teachers on identity formation. The study was purely quantitative involving 522 pre-service teachers. Data was obtained through the use of a set of questionnaires. Means, standard deviations, and independent t-tests were used in analysing the data. The results show that many of the respondents highly felt that identity formation is the way they view and understand themselves as teachers. In addition, they felt that identity formation is how they are recognised as a certain kind of persons, connected not to their internal states but to their performances in society. On the other hand, many of the pre-service teachers had different perceptions about identity formation. Thus, they disagreed that identity formation is about how they talk or think about themselves, or how others talk or think about them. The study further found no statistically significant difference between male and female pre-service teachers regarding their perceptions of identity formation. It is recommended that teacher educators must formulate and implement teaching philosophies that will reflect proper identity formation of pre-service teachers. Also, teacher education institutions must liaise with the National Teaching Council to periodically review the curriculum taking into consideration the demands of the 21st century teaching profession.

The agricultural sector is a vital component of the South African economy. The industry has the ability to contribute to rural growth, eliminate poverty, improve food security, create jobs, and narrow income disparities. Climate change, on the other hand, poses a threat to South Africa's agricultural sector, water resources, food security, health, infrastructure, and ecosystem services and biodiversity as a result of rising temperatures and less rainfall. Climate change adaptation techniques such as changing or adjusting planting date, use of soil and water as conservation techniques have gained traction as an essential strategy alongside mitigation around the world, and are widely documented in a variety of sources and approaches (such as books, journal articles, reports etc.). Nonetheless, few studies have been conducted in South Africa to prove or analyse if these techniques will be implemented at the farm level, notably in Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality, Sekhukhune District, Limpopo Province. Furthermore, little or no research has been performed to determine whether the small-scale maize farmers from the area have perceived that climate is changing and they are will to adapt to those methods. As a result, this study was carried out to fill the aforementioned research information gap and to draw relevant policy implications to increase the welfare of small-scale maize farmers through the application of perceptions and adaptation towards climate change. The study's overarching goal was to analyse small-scale maize farmers' perceptions and adaptation towards climate change in Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality, Sekhukhune District, Limpopo Province. The study specifically addressed the following objectives: (i) Identify and describe small-scale maize farmer’s socio-economic characteristics in the study area; (ii) Assess the level of perceptions of small-scale maize farmers towards climate change in the study area; and (iii) Analyse the socio-economic factors infl, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform, and Rural Development (DALRD)

Teacher collaboration practices in schools have impacted how teachers work together to prevent professional isolation. The mandate of collaborative practices has resulted in some teachers expressing frustration and a lack of benefit from their current experiences. The purpose of this qualitative case study, conducted in the Southeast region of the United States, was to determine if lesson study provided a more meaningful collaborative approach during focused group sessions. Using New London Group’s (1996) designs of meaning concept encapsulated in the Pedagogy of Multiliteracies Theoretical Framework to gauge the relevance of lesson study, I sought to explore a deeper understanding of the attitudes and perceptions of elementary educators practicing this method. The participants in this study, the kindergarten collaboration team, consisted of three kindergarten teachers, one special education teacher, one media specialist teacher, and one technology specialist teacher. The individuals’ teaching experience ranged from 17 to 30 years. Data collected included field notes, focus group reflections of team lesson observations, transcriptions from semi-structured individual interviews, and a focus group interview. The overarching research question that drove this study was: What were the attitudes and perceptions of elementary educators towards practicing lesson study and its influence on the quality of teaching? Findings from this investigation revealed that participants going through the lesson study were appreciative from acquiring a unique collaborative experience. A new team dynamic, introspective analyses, and transformation of teacher learning contributed to a meaningful collaborative process. Furthermore, maximizing colleagues’ skillsets, preparation, and learning-by-doing heightened the quality of instructional math practices. vi Table of

This thesis examines the perceptions of Japan among Euro-American international students and investigates how these perceptions influence their motivation to study in the country. By exploring the relationship between popular culture, orientalist depictions, and cultural engagement, this study aims understand the complex dynamics which shape these students' attraction to Japan and their understanding of its culture. The study highlights the apparent coolness of Japanese cultural exports, which have often been cited as a key attraction to the country. Through interviews with participants, it becomes clear that this perceived coolness encompasses the innate Japaneseness of its cultural elements, its divergence from Euro-American norms, and the wider appeal of popular culture. However, the research also reveals the persistence of orientalist notions and othering perpetuated through popular culture dissemination, potentially disconnecting individuals from the realities of Japan. Nevertheless, the participants exhibited a desire to engage actively with Japanese culture, through language learning and a more fundamental engagement with the country. Their critical perspective on mainstream Cool Japan branding also challenges the effectiveness of such efforts and highlights the need to move beyond superficial attractions to cultivate more meaningful connections with Japan's culture.

This study investigates the European Union’s self-perception as a global climate leader and contrasts it with the underrepresented African perspective on the EU’s role in international climate negotiations. Using a role-theoretical framework, the research analyses different leadership types and qualities, comparing European and African perceptions of the EU’s involvement in multilateral climate change negotiations. Interviews from the 2022 climate negotiations in Egypt (COP27) reveal a discrepancy between the EU’s self-perception and African actors’ views. European perceptions depict a positive image of the EU’s climate leadership, while African actors consider the EU as self-glorifying with limited insight into African needs. African actors criticise the EU’s perceived lack of commitment to addressing the challenges faced by Africa and other developing countries. However, they acknowledge the EU’s significant role in climate politics due to its economic power and diplomatic capacities. The EU’s increased flexibility and responsiveness at COP27 is seen as a potential move toward a more inclusive climate diplomacy approach. The research emphasises the importance of bridging perception gaps and fostering mutual understanding to enhance the EU’s climate leadership effectiveness globally.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate how small and large businesses perceptions of the efficacy of HR management practices in achieving business objectives differ. Theoretical framework: Using a questionnaire that measured five essential HR management practices, 100 small and 50 large businesses were surveyed: enrollment and choice, preparation and advancement, execution of the executives, remuneration, and advantages, and worker commitment Design/methodology/approach: quantitative research uses numerical data and statistical approaches to identify patterns, connections, and links. This study compares small and large companies' HR management. Findings: The findings also have practical implications for both large and small businesses, implying that large companies should maintain their advantage in HR management resources and methods and should instead invest in more formalized HR practices. Research, Practical & Social implications: The study has theoretical implications for HR management, highlighting the need to adapt HR practices to the organization's specific context. Future exploration could inspect the actual results of various HR executive rehearses and the effect of external variables on HR board adequacy. Originality/value: Overall, the study contributes to a better understanding of how small and large businesses perceive HR management's effectiveness in achieving business objectives.

Purpose: This research as determine the perception of MSME entrepreneurs in the city of Medan in the post-covid-19 era. Design/methodology/approach: This type of research is field research by conducting interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) conducted on MSME entrepreneurs in Medan City who use QRIS and how their preferences and perceptions are, especially for culinary entrepreneurs. Findings: The results of this study are the tendency of MSME entrepreneurs to prefer cashless transactions instead of QRIS because there are network constraints, lack of consistency in real time when transacting, administrative costs are imposed for MSME entrepreneurs so that they tend to cashless transactions other than QRIS so that MSME entrepreneurs do not prioritize the use of QRIS. Furthermore, from the perception of post-covid-19 era MSME entrepreneurs that purchasing power is low, however, the use of QRIS has not shown an increase in business income. Research, Practical & Social implications: Demonstrate the use of QRIS services that can increase the business income of MSME Users. Originality/value: This research provides an affirmation in the thinking of the use of QRIS services that can be developed in a more comprehensive and in-depth research. On preferences and perceptions of MSME and their competencies, considering perception entrepreneurs that purchasing use QRIS.