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Bakgrund Långvarig smärta, smärta som varar över tre månader, påverkar en stor del av befolkningen och kan leda till omfattande begränsningar i livet och arbetsförmågan. Multimodala behandlingsmetoder där icke-farmakologiska interventioner ges plats, är betydande under omvårdnaden av patienter med långvarig smärta. Att lyssna på musik som intervention, är ett exempel på en icke-farmakologisk behandlingsmetod som träffas på både inom sjukhusmiljön och utanför som en typ av egenvård. Musikinterventioners roll för välbefinnande och dess effekt på upplevd smärta hos patienter med långvarig smärta, är relevant att inhämta mer kunskap om för att kunna användas i hälsofrämjande syfte. Syfte Syftet med studien var att beskriva effekterna av musikintervention på patienter med långvarig smärta. Metod I denna studie tillämpades en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt. Databaserna PubMed och CINAHL användes för artikelsökningen. Artiklarnas kvalitet granskades utifrån Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag för vetenskaplig klassificering och kvalitet. För sammanställningen av resultatet vidtogs en integrerad dataanalys som analysmetod. Resultat Resultatet inkluderade tolv vetenskapliga artiklar, där kvantitativ metodansats dominerade. Två kategorier urskildes: Musik som smärtlindring och Musik som smärthantering. Musik som smärtlindring mynnade ut i två underkategorier: Effekt på smärtintensitet och Effekt på hjärnaktivitet. Musik som smärthantering delades upp i följande två kategorier: Effekt på kontroll över smärta och Effekt på mental hälsa. Slutsats Resultatet visade på potentiella fördelar med musikinterventioner som en kompletterande behandlingsmetod för personer med långvarig smärta, med effekter inte bara på smärtnivåer utan även på mentalt välbefinnande och upplevd kontroll över smärtan. Dock var effekterna inte entydigt positiva i alla studier, vilket understryker behovet av ytterligare forskning för att bättre förstå för vilka patienter och under vilka omständighe, Background Chronic pain, pain lasting over three months, affects a large portion of the population and can lead to extensive limitations in life and work capacity. Multimodal treatment methods, where non-pharmacological interventions are included, are significant in the care of patients with chronic pain. Listening to music as an intervention, is an example of a non-pharmacological treatment method that is utilized both within the hospital environment and outside as a form of self-care. The role of music interventions for well-being and its effect on perceived pain in patients with chronic pain is relevant to acquire more knowledge about, to be used for health-promoting purposes. Aim The aim of this study was to describe the effects of music intervention in patients with chronic pain. Method In this study, a non-systematic literature review was applied. The databases PubMed and CINAHL were used for article search. The quality of the articles was reviewed based on Sophiahemmet University College's assessment criteria for scientific classification and quality. For the compilation of the results, an integrated data analysis was used as the analysis method. Results The results included twelve scientific articles, where a quantitative method approach dominated. Two categories were distinguished: Music as pain relief and Music as pain management. Music as pain relief resulted in two subcategories: Effect on pain intensity and Effect on brain activity. Music as pain management was divided into the following two categories: Effect on control over pain and Effect on mental health. Conclusions The results indicate potential benefits of music interventions as a complementary treatment method for individuals with chronic pain, with effects not only on pain levels but also on mental well-being and perceived control over pain. However, the effects are not uniformly positive in all studies, which highlights the need for further research to better understand for which patients and

Bakgrund Långvarig smärta, smärta som varar över tre månader, påverkar en stor del av befolkningen och kan leda till omfattande begränsningar i livet och arbetsförmågan. Multimodala behandlingsmetoder där icke-farmakologiska interventioner ges plats, är betydande under omvårdnaden av patienter med långvarig smärta. Att lyssna på musik som intervention, är ett exempel på en icke-farmakologisk behandlingsmetod som träffas på både inom sjukhusmiljön och utanför som en typ av egenvård. Musikinterventioners roll för välbefinnande och dess effekt på upplevd smärta hos patienter med långvarig smärta, är relevant att inhämta mer kunskap om för att kunna användas i hälsofrämjande syfte. Syfte Syftet med studien var att beskriva effekterna av musikintervention på patienter med långvarig smärta. Metod I denna studie tillämpades en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt. Databaserna PubMed och CINAHL användes för artikelsökningen. Artiklarnas kvalitet granskades utifrån Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag för vetenskaplig klassificering och kvalitet. För sammanställningen av resultatet vidtogs en integrerad dataanalys som analysmetod. Resultat Resultatet inkluderade tolv vetenskapliga artiklar, där kvantitativ metodansats dominerade. Två kategorier urskildes: Musik som smärtlindring och Musik som smärthantering. Musik som smärtlindring mynnade ut i två underkategorier: Effekt på smärtintensitet och Effekt på hjärnaktivitet. Musik som smärthantering delades upp i följande två kategorier: Effekt på kontroll över smärta och Effekt på mental hälsa. Slutsats Resultatet visade på potentiella fördelar med musikinterventioner som en kompletterande behandlingsmetod för personer med långvarig smärta, med effekter inte bara på smärtnivåer utan även på mentalt välbefinnande och upplevd kontroll över smärtan. Dock var effekterna inte entydigt positiva i alla studier, vilket understryker behovet av ytterligare forskning för att bättre förstå för vilka patienter och under vilka omständighe, Background Chronic pain, pain lasting over three months, affects a large portion of the population and can lead to extensive limitations in life and work capacity. Multimodal treatment methods, where non-pharmacological interventions are included, are significant in the care of patients with chronic pain. Listening to music as an intervention, is an example of a non-pharmacological treatment method that is utilized both within the hospital environment and outside as a form of self-care. The role of music interventions for well-being and its effect on perceived pain in patients with chronic pain is relevant to acquire more knowledge about, to be used for health-promoting purposes. Aim The aim of this study was to describe the effects of music intervention in patients with chronic pain. Method In this study, a non-systematic literature review was applied. The databases PubMed and CINAHL were used for article search. The quality of the articles was reviewed based on Sophiahemmet University College's assessment criteria for scientific classification and quality. For the compilation of the results, an integrated data analysis was used as the analysis method. Results The results included twelve scientific articles, where a quantitative method approach dominated. Two categories were distinguished: Music as pain relief and Music as pain management. Music as pain relief resulted in two subcategories: Effect on pain intensity and Effect on brain activity. Music as pain management was divided into the following two categories: Effect on control over pain and Effect on mental health. Conclusions The results indicate potential benefits of music interventions as a complementary treatment method for individuals with chronic pain, with effects not only on pain levels but also on mental well-being and perceived control over pain. However, the effects are not uniformly positive in all studies, which highlights the need for further research to better understand for which patients and

This robust randomized controlled study did not find an effect of music-based caregiving on pain intensity in nursing home patients with dementia and chronic pain. Treatment of chronic pain in patients with dementia is challenging because they have reduced ability to report pain and are particularly vulnerable to side effects of analgesics. Different types of music-based therapy have been recommended and are used as an alternative to analgesics, but the evidence is lacking. Therefore, we performed a cluster-randomized controlled study (RCT) to reduce pain intensity using music-based caregiving (MBC) over 8 weeks in nursing home patients with dementia and chronic pain. We also investigated if the amount of MBC and different chronic pain syndromes would impact on the effect. Of the 645 patients, 498 patients from 36 wards in 12 nursing homes were screened for dementia and pain. Using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and the Mobilization-Observation-Behavior-Intensity-Dementia Pain Scale (range 0-10), 279 (71% females, 42% severe dementia) nursing home patients were randomized to intervention group (n = 134, 18 wards) or control group (n = 145, 18 wards). The main outcome was change in pain intensity before and after the intervention. The study did not reveal any effect of MBC on pain intensity when compared with the control group (B = -0.15, 95% CI [-0.72 to 0.43]). No significant difference was found within the intervention group analyzing the impact of intervention time (B = 0.73, 95% CI [-0.55 to 2.02]) or chronic primary vs secondary pain syndromes (B = 0.45, 95% CI [-0.05 to 0.96]). Our data from this first RCT on music and pain intensity in patients with dementia and chronic pain did not find an effect of MBC on pain.

Bakgrund Kognitiva sjukdomar, däribland Alzheimers sjukdom, vaskulär demens och Lewykroppsdemens, drabbar allt fler personer globalt och antalet drabbade uppskattades till över 58 miljoner år 2020, vilket beräknas öka. Kognitiva sjukdomar står för stora samhällskostnader. Livsstilsfaktorer kombinerat med genetiska mutationer anses vara orsaken. Många drabbade förlorar förmågan att bringa ordning och struktur i tillvaron vilket gör dem beroende av andras hjälp och stöd. Mot bakgrund av den stigande prevalensen av kognitiva sjukdomar och den höga samhällskostnaden, föreligger ett behov att utforska vad som kan åstadkommas genom lättillgängliga och kostnadseffektiva behandlingar, såsom användning av musik. Syfte Syftet var att belysa effekten av musik som omvårdnadshandling för personer med kognitiva sjukdomar. Metod En icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt bestående av 17 vetenskapliga artiklar utgjorde metoden. Artiklarna togs fram via databaserna PubMed och CINAHL, och sökningen utfördes med en kombination av olika söktermer. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades utifrån Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag för vetenskaplig klassificering. Resultaten från artiklarna tilldelades kategorier, som sedan sammanställdes och analyserades med en integrerad dataanalys. Resultat Två huvudkategorier identifierades: Effekten på beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom, och Effekten på det dagliga livet. Resultaten pekade på en förbättring av de beteendemässiga och psykiska symtomen, samt positiva förändringar i det dagliga livet. Majoriteten var eniga om att musikinterventionen hade en positiv effekt på personer med kognitiva sjukdomar, och även deras anhöriga. Att delta aktivt vid musikinterventionerna, snarare än passivt, hade en större positiv påverkan. Slutsats Litteraturstudien visade att användning av musik kan öka välbefinnandet hos personer med kognitiva sjukdomar, minska vårdbördan hos anhöriga samt lindra beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom. Musikinterventionerna upplevdes som, Background Cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and Lewy body dementia is increasing globally. The number of affected people were more than 58 million in 2020, which is estimated to increase. Cognitive disorders cause heavy costs to society. Lifestyle factors combined with genetic mutations is the basis for the occurrence of dementia. Most people with dementia lose the ability to bring order and structure to their everyday life, which consequently makes them dependent on the help and support of others. Due to the increasing prevalence of cognitive disorders, and the high costs to society, there is a need to explore what can be achieved using simple and cost-effective treatments, such as music. Aim The aim of this essay was to illuminate the effect of music as a nursing care for people with dementia. Method A non-systematic literature review was used, consisting of 17 scientific articles. The articles were searched via the databases PubMed and CINAHL, and the searching was carried out using a combination of search terms. The articles were quality-reviewed, using an assessment document designed by Sophiahemmet University for the purpose of scientific classification and quality. The result was categorized, compiled and assessed, using an integrated data analysis. Results Two main categories were identified: The effect on behavioral and psychological symptoms and The effect on daily life. The results showed a distinct improvement of the behavioral and psychological symptoms, and positive changes in daily life. Most of the studies were unanimous in the fact that the music interventions had a positive effect on the person with dementia, but also their family members. The result also showed a more positive effect through active participation, rather than a passive approach. Conclusions This study showed that the use of music can increase the well-being for people with dementia, reduce the burden of care for family members and alleviate many o

Bakgrund Kognitiva sjukdomar, däribland Alzheimers sjukdom, vaskulär demens och Lewykroppsdemens, drabbar allt fler personer globalt och antalet drabbade uppskattades till över 58 miljoner år 2020, vilket beräknas öka. Kognitiva sjukdomar står för stora samhällskostnader. Livsstilsfaktorer kombinerat med genetiska mutationer anses vara orsaken. Många drabbade förlorar förmågan att bringa ordning och struktur i tillvaron vilket gör dem beroende av andras hjälp och stöd. Mot bakgrund av den stigande prevalensen av kognitiva sjukdomar och den höga samhällskostnaden, föreligger ett behov att utforska vad som kan åstadkommas genom lättillgängliga och kostnadseffektiva behandlingar, såsom användning av musik. Syfte Syftet var att belysa effekten av musik som omvårdnadshandling för personer med kognitiva sjukdomar. Metod En icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt bestående av 17 vetenskapliga artiklar utgjorde metoden. Artiklarna togs fram via databaserna PubMed och CINAHL, och sökningen utfördes med en kombination av olika söktermer. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades utifrån Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag för vetenskaplig klassificering. Resultaten från artiklarna tilldelades kategorier, som sedan sammanställdes och analyserades med en integrerad dataanalys. Resultat Två huvudkategorier identifierades: Effekten på beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom, och Effekten på det dagliga livet. Resultaten pekade på en förbättring av de beteendemässiga och psykiska symtomen, samt positiva förändringar i det dagliga livet. Majoriteten var eniga om att musikinterventionen hade en positiv effekt på personer med kognitiva sjukdomar, och även deras anhöriga. Att delta aktivt vid musikinterventionerna, snarare än passivt, hade en större positiv påverkan. Slutsats Litteraturstudien visade att användning av musik kan öka välbefinnandet hos personer med kognitiva sjukdomar, minska vårdbördan hos anhöriga samt lindra beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom. Musikinterventionerna upplevdes som, Background Cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and Lewy body dementia is increasing globally. The number of affected people were more than 58 million in 2020, which is estimated to increase. Cognitive disorders cause heavy costs to society. Lifestyle factors combined with genetic mutations is the basis for the occurrence of dementia. Most people with dementia lose the ability to bring order and structure to their everyday life, which consequently makes them dependent on the help and support of others. Due to the increasing prevalence of cognitive disorders, and the high costs to society, there is a need to explore what can be achieved using simple and cost-effective treatments, such as music. Aim The aim of this essay was to illuminate the effect of music as a nursing care for people with dementia. Method A non-systematic literature review was used, consisting of 17 scientific articles. The articles were searched via the databases PubMed and CINAHL, and the searching was carried out using a combination of search terms. The articles were quality-reviewed, using an assessment document designed by Sophiahemmet University for the purpose of scientific classification and quality. The result was categorized, compiled and assessed, using an integrated data analysis. Results Two main categories were identified: The effect on behavioral and psychological symptoms and The effect on daily life. The results showed a distinct improvement of the behavioral and psychological symptoms, and positive changes in daily life. Most of the studies were unanimous in the fact that the music interventions had a positive effect on the person with dementia, but also their family members. The result also showed a more positive effect through active participation, rather than a passive approach. Conclusions This study showed that the use of music can increase the well-being for people with dementia, reduce the burden of care for family members and alleviate many o

Benigna Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) is a progressive enlargement of the prostate gland that can be surgically remedied. The result of surgery can cause pain. One of the pains is with the relaxation of music. Music relaxation is an action to free mentally and physically from tension and stress so as to increase tolerance to pain. The objective of the study is to know the music intervention to reduce pain in post-operative benigna prostate hyperplasia patients. This research is a literature study with a PRISMA approach and a systematic review using PICO. The search databases used are Google Scholar, PubMed, Alberta Health Services, and Wiley Online Library, with keywords. The results of the review obtained revealed that 15% to 60% of men over 40 years old have BPH, while TURP primarily occurs in patients aged 61-70 years, and all BPH patients experience pain and experience depression levels. 24.9% of patients suffered varying degrees of depression, including mild symptoms of 20.9% and moderate/severe symptoms of (3.9%). Patients were aged 61-70 years, 39.5%. Pasin returned to normal activity by 71%. TURP affects patient anxiety with a signification of 0.005. Musical interventions are effective for lowering pain in postoperative BPH patients. Advice to nurses is expected to provide musical interventions as an alternative to reduce pain in postoperative BPH patients.

This Final Project establishes a manual aimed at providing educators and parents with insight into the experience of childhood anxiety, the efficacy of music for reducing anxiety in children, as well as effective methods and recommended practices for music activity implementation. Given the detrimental effects children with anxiety may experience and the potential for music to reduce anxiety or to help cope with anxiety provoking situations, compiling a compendium of information on current musical interventions and best practices may enable caregivers and families to access anxiety reducing activities best suited to supporting some children. The literature review supports the project manual, the efficacy of music-based interventions for reducing anxiety, and reviews best practices involved in the administration of music-based interventions.

This Final Project establishes a manual aimed at providing educators and parents with insight into the experience of childhood anxiety, the efficacy of music for reducing anxiety in children, as well as effective methods and recommended practices for music activity implementation. Given the detrimental effects children with anxiety may experience and the potential for music to reduce anxiety or to help cope with anxiety provoking situations, compiling a compendium of information on current musical interventions and best practices may enable caregivers and families to access anxiety reducing activities best suited to supporting some children. The literature review supports the project manual, the efficacy of music-based interventions for reducing anxiety, and reviews best practices involved in the administration of music-based interventions.

This Final Project establishes a manual aimed at providing educators and parents with insight into the experience of childhood anxiety, the efficacy of music for reducing anxiety in children, as well as effective methods and recommended practices for music activity implementation. Given the detrimental effects children with anxiety may experience and the potential for music to reduce anxiety or to help cope with anxiety provoking situations, compiling a compendium of information on current musical interventions and best practices may enable caregivers and families to access anxiety reducing activities best suited to supporting some children. The literature review supports the project manual, the efficacy of music-based interventions for reducing anxiety, and reviews best practices involved in the administration of music-based interventions.

This Final Project establishes a manual aimed at providing educators and parents with insight into the experience of childhood anxiety, the efficacy of music for reducing anxiety in children, as well as effective methods and recommended practices for music activity implementation. Given the detrimental effects children with anxiety may experience and the potential for music to reduce anxiety or to help cope with anxiety provoking situations, compiling a compendium of information on current musical interventions and best practices may enable caregivers and families to access anxiety reducing activities best suited to supporting some children. The literature review supports the project manual, the efficacy of music-based interventions for reducing anxiety, and reviews best practices involved in the administration of music-based interventions.

Background: Burn injuries are one of the leading causes of unintentional deaths in the United States (Capek et al., 2018). Patients who sustain a burn injury endure many painful procedures throughout their road to recovery. The repetition of these painful procedures often creates anticipated anxiety, which can have a significant impact in the recovery of burn patients. Studies have demonstrated the positive effects of music interventions in decreasing anxiety in burn patients. Given the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders associated with burn injuries, it is imperative to provide early interventions that are aimed to minimize psychological distress and promote comfort within the burn population. Aims: This quality improvement project evaluated the effectiveness of music on anticipatory anxiety among burn patients while also providing the nursing staff with information on the benefits of music intervention in procedural anxiety and pain. Methods: Patients anticipated anxiety levels were measured before their dressing change using a one-group, pre and posttest design. A Likert scale survey was used to determine the nurses’ perception and knowledge of music intervention as well as their daily utilization in practice. Results: A total of N=7 burn patients met the inclusion criteria and participated in the music intervention portion of this quality improvement project. Findings indicated that this design was underpowered to detect statistically significant improvement t(6)= 1.629, p= 0.155, d= 0.61, 95% C.I. [-3.68, 15.01]. A total of N=21 nurses completed the nursing portion. Findings indicated that 62% (n=13) perceived music as effective in reducing anxiety during painful procedures while only 24% (n=5) were aware of the evidence supporting its use for anxiety management in burn patients. Music therapy was reported as “always” utilized by 29% (n=6) of the nurses during dressing changes and 90% (n=19) of the nurses felt that music could be easily incorporated into

Listening to music brings health benefits, according to an expanding opus of empirical research. Studies to date cover a wide range of music interventions and outcome measures. Music has been applied to healthy participants, as well as clinical populations to target anxiety and pain. But little is known about whether live music is more effective than recorded music as an intervention for these common symptoms. This exploratory study sought answers with the emerging science of saliva analysis, which focuses on biomarkers that indicate stress and immune function. In this case salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, immunoglobulin-A, interleukin- 1beta, and pH levels were measured. Saliva samples from 50 university students and 23 palliative care and surgical patients were compared before and after each participant listened to a live (ML), audiovisual (MAV) or audio recorded (MA) standardised program of classical music played on a solo violin, viola or cello. Live (SL) or audio (SA) story readings were added as interventions to control for psychosocial variables. Saliva’s non-invasive, repeatable, objective psychoneuroendocrine (PNE) snapshots were supplemented with subjective visual analogue scales for anxiety (VASA) and pain (VASP), and self-report affect scales to rate liking, perceived and felt emotion, and absorption. Participants were also asked for a one-word summary of their listening experience. It was anticipated that ML would reduce anxiety and pain, as well as boost the immune markers, more than MAV and MA, and that music overall would demonstrate stronger benefits than the story readings. No single outcome measure provided sufficient data to draw conclusions, but trends in the melange of both objective and subjective instruments revealed that overall more positive health indicators arose from live music than recorded music, particularly in the clinical settings. Stories were also shown to have some moderating effects on pain and anxiety. This study demonstrated

Full Text, Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Queensland Conservatorium, Arts, Education and Law, This thesis examines what happens when the worlds and knowledges of war, international development, and music education intersect. It investigates the practices and experiences of music interventions, a term used in this thesis to describe structured programs for music learning and participation in places that have been unmade by war, taking shape within the structures and funding arrangements of largescale international aid and assistance. It explores the work of three specific music interventions—the Pavarotti Music Centre in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Hadahur Music School in Timor-Leste, and the Afghanistan National Institute of Music in Afghanistan—with the goal of identifying how these kinds of projects are shaped, and their potential for sustainability in a volatile and mutable environment. These case study sites offer interesting contrasts of timeframe (longevity of the music intervention and retrospective distance from the wartime experiences); scale (of ambition, funding, and external drivers); and approaches to the teaching and learning of music, in particular their efforts to regenerate local music traditions. The research was designed as an ethnographic, multi-sited, multi-case study project. Semi-structured interviews and document review were the principal data sources, offering diverse perspectives that bring both positive and critical voices of participants and local community members to the fore, alongside those of organisers and practitioners. Data were coded and analysed thematically, using grounded theory methods. As a result of this process, the thesis argues that the phenomenon of music interventions can be understood as evolving across six critical junctures—sites of negotiation between the various actors—that produce decisions and actions that critically shape each project. The critical junctures—Aims and Motivations, Buildings and Facilities, Pedagogy and Learning Materials, Organisational Culture, Internal Engagement, and External Engagement—also h

Smärta i alla dess dimensioner är ett tillstånd av ohälsa samt ett problem som påverkar hela individens livsvärld. Samtidigt är musik något som alla individer har en subjektiv upplevelse av vad det innebär och hur kroppen och sinnet påverkas av dess rytm, harmoni och melodi. Studien syftade därför till att undersöka hur musikintervention upplevdes smärtlindrande. En litteraturstudie användes som metod där 11 vetenskapliga artiklar av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats granskades. Resultatet delades upp genom att kodord placerades under smärtans dimensioner och visade att musiken påverkade individens upplevelse av smärta i samtliga dimensioner. Den fysiologiska dimensionen, som fokuserade på de fysiologiska orsakerna bakom smärtan visades påverkas starkast av musikintervention. Svagaste påverkan hade musiken på den sociokulturella dimensionen, som fokuserade till stor del på hur smärtan manifesterades på omgivningen. I resultatet framkom även att det viktigaste för att musikintervention skulle upplevas smärtlindrande var att attraktionskraften till musikstycket var tillräckligt uppskattat hos individen., Pain in all its dimensions is a state of ill health as well as a problem that affects the entire life-world of the individual. At the same time, music is something that all individuals have a subjective experience of what it means and how the body and mind are affected by its rhythm, harmony and melody. Therefore the study aimed to investigate how music as an intervention was perceived as a relief in pain. A literature study was used as method, where 11 scientific articles of both qualitative and quantitative approach was reviewed. The result was divided by code words and placed under the different pain dimensions. The result demonstrated that the music affected the individual's experience of pain in all of the dimensions. The physiological dimension, which focused on the physiological causes of the pain appeared most strongly influenced by the music intervention. Weakest influence the music had on the socio-cultural dimension, which focused largely on how the pain was manifested in the surroundings of the individual. The results also revealed that the most important thing for music intervention to be perceived as reliving in pain was that the piece of music was sufficiently appreciated by the individual.

Smärta i alla dess dimensioner är ett tillstånd av ohälsa samt ett problem som påverkar hela individens livsvärld. Samtidigt är musik något som alla individer har en subjektiv upplevelse av vad det innebär och hur kroppen och sinnet påverkas av dess rytm, harmoni och melodi. Studien syftade därför till att undersöka hur musikintervention upplevdes smärtlindrande. En litteraturstudie användes som metod där 11 vetenskapliga artiklar av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats granskades. Resultatet delades upp genom att kodord placerades under smärtans dimensioner och visade att musiken påverkade individens upplevelse av smärta i samtliga dimensioner. Den fysiologiska dimensionen, som fokuserade på de fysiologiska orsakerna bakom smärtan visades påverkas starkast av musikintervention. Svagaste påverkan hade musiken på den sociokulturella dimensionen, som fokuserade till stor del på hur smärtan manifesterades på omgivningen. I resultatet framkom även att det viktigaste för att musikintervention skulle upplevas smärtlindrande var att attraktionskraften till musikstycket var tillräckligt uppskattat hos individen., Pain in all its dimensions is a state of ill health as well as a problem that affects the entire life-world of the individual. At the same time, music is something that all individuals have a subjective experience of what it means and how the body and mind are affected by its rhythm, harmony and melody. Therefore the study aimed to investigate how music as an intervention was perceived as a relief in pain. A literature study was used as method, where 11 scientific articles of both qualitative and quantitative approach was reviewed. The result was divided by code words and placed under the different pain dimensions. The result demonstrated that the music affected the individual's experience of pain in all of the dimensions. The physiological dimension, which focused on the physiological causes of the pain appeared most strongly influenced by the music intervention. Weakest influence the music had on the socio-cultural dimension, which focused largely on how the pain was manifested in the surroundings of the individual. The results also revealed that the most important thing for music intervention to be perceived as reliving in pain was that the piece of music was sufficiently appreciated by the individual.

This thesis examines what happens when the worlds and knowledges of war, international development, and music education intersect. It investigates the practices and experiences of music interventions, a term used in this thesis to describe structured programs for music learning and participation in places that have been unmade by war, taking shape within the structures and funding arrangements of largescale international aid and assistance. It explores the work of three specific music interventions—the Pavarotti Music Centre in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Hadahur Music School in Timor-Leste, and the Afghanistan National Institute of Music in Afghanistan—with the goal of identifying how these kinds of projects are shaped, and their potential for sustainability in a volatile and mutable environment. These case study sites offer interesting contrasts of timeframe (longevity of the music intervention and retrospective distance from the wartime experiences); scale (of ambition, funding, and external drivers); and approaches to the teaching and learning of music, in particular their efforts to regenerate local music traditions. The research was designed as an ethnographic, multi-sited, multi-case study project. Semi-structured interviews and document review were the principal data sources, offering diverse perspectives that bring both positive and critical voices of participants and local community members to the fore, alongside those of organisers and practitioners. Data were coded and analysed thematically, using grounded theory methods. As a result of this process, the thesis argues that the phenomenon of music interventions can be understood as evolving across six critical junctures—sites of negotiation between the various actors—that produce decisions and actions that critically shape each project. The critical junctures—Aims and Motivations, Buildings and Facilities, Pedagogy and Learning Materials, Organisational Culture, Internal Engagement, and External Engagement—also h, Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Queensland Conservatorium, Arts, Education and Law, Full Text

Background: Adverse effects, treatment resistance and high costs associated with pharmacological treatment of hypertension have led to growing interest in non-pharmacological complementary therapies such as music interventions. This meta-analysis aims to provide an overview of reported evidence on the efficac

Bakgrund: Demens är en progressiv sjukdom och antalet personer som får en demensdiagnos kommer inom några årtionden öka drastiskt. Sjukvården behöver komma fram med nya icke-farmakologiska metoder för att kunna hantera den stora ökningen av personer med demenssjukdom. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva om och på vilket sätt musiken påverkar personer med demens. Metod: Litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats där artiklar med kvalitativ och kvantitativ metodik sammanställdes. Artikelsökning gjordes i databaserna Cinahl samt PsychInfo. De kvalitativa artiklarna analyserades med hjälp av Fribergs femstegsmodell och statistiken från de kvantitativa artiklarna sammanställdes i en tabell. Resultat: Det kvantitativa resultatet visade att musik hade en effekt med statistiskt signifikant skillnad på flera av de undersökta variablerna. Agitation och oro/ ångest minskade medan positivt engagemang/ deltagande ökade. Det kvalitativa resultatet genererade tre teman: kommunikation, sinnesstämning samt indirekt påverkan. Kommunikationen förbättrades, personer med demens upplevde glädje och personalen påverkades positivt av musiken vilket ledde till indirekt påverkan på personer med demens. Slutsats: Musik är en enkel och kostnadseffektiv intervention att använda sig av när det gäller personer med demens. Olika musikinterventioner kan användas vid olika situationer för att få den effekt som önskas. Det är även ett enkelt sätt att komma personer med demens närmare och få en större förståelse., Background: Dementia is a progressive disease and the number of people who will be diagnosed with dementia will increase drastically within a few decades. The healthcare needs to provide new non-pharmacological methods to manage the increase of persons with dementia. Aim: The aim was to describe if and in which way music has an impact on people with dementia. Method: Literature review with an inductive approach. Articles with quantitative and qualitative design was compiled. The literature search was made in Cinahl and PsychInfo. The qualitative articles was analyzed with Fribergs five step model and the statistics from the quantitative articles was compiled into a chart. Result: The quantitative results showed that the music had an effect with significant difference in many of the variables. Agitation and anxiety was reduced meanwhile positive involvement improved. The qualitative result generated in three headings: communication, mood and indirect impact. Communication was improved, persons with dementia felt joyful and the staff was effected in a positive way which led to an indirect impact on the persons with dementia. Conclusion: Music is a simple and cost effective intervention to implement on persons with dementia. Different music interventions can be used in different situations to get the effect that is acquired. It’s also a simple way to get closer to the care takers and get a greater understanding.

Bakgrund: Ångest och oro är vanligt förekommande hos patienter inför kirurgiska ingrepp. Studier har visat att högre grad av preoperativ ångest och oro är associerat med större behov av lugnande premedicinering, högre doser av narkosläkemedel, förhöjt blodtryck, ökad hjärtfrekvens, högre postoperativ smärta samt en långsammare och mer komplicerad postoperativ återhämtning. Den preoperativa vårdmiljön är väl lämpad för alternativa, icke-farmakologiska åtgärder där musikintervention är ett alternativ. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva effekten av musik som åtgärd vid preoperativ ångest och oro. Metod: En litteraturöversikt där artiklar med kvantitativ ansats har analyserats, med motivet att skapa överblick över kunskapsläget. Analysen har gjorts enligt Fribergs trestegsmodell. Resultat: Resultatet är en sammanställning av totalt nio kvantitativa artiklar baserade på studier där effekten av musikintervention som preoperativ omvårdnadsåtgärd har studerats. I samtliga studier minskade musikinterventionen patientens subjektiva upplevelse av preoperativ ångest och oro, däremot sågs inga entydiga effekter för de objektiva parametrarna, såsom tex hjärtfrekvens och blodtryck. Slutsats: Musik bör användas som ett icke-farmakologiskt komplement inom vården eftersom det är en säker metod utan kända biverkningar och med god effekt., Background: Preoperative anxiety is common among patients undergoing surgery. Studies have shown that a high level of preoperative anxiety is associated with increased need for sedatives, higher doses of anesthetic drugs, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, higher postoperative pain and a slower and more complicated postoperative recovery. The preoperative environment is well suited for alternative, non-pharmacological interventions, where music is one of them. Objective: The objective was to describe the effect of music intervention on preoperative anxiety. Method: A literature review where articles with quantitative approach has been analysed, with the purpose of getting an overview of the current knowledge. The analysis has been done according to the three-step model, described by Friberg. Results: The result includes a review of nine quantitative articles, based on studies where the effect of music intervention on preoperative anxiety has been studied. The music intervention showed a positive effect on the reduction of patient reported experience of anxiety in all studies, however, no consistent positive effects were seen on the objective parameters, such as heart rate and blood pressure. Conclusion: Music intervention should be implemented as a compliment to standard preoperative care, as it has shown to be a safe method with no known side effects, and with good results.

Bakgrund: Demens är en progressiv sjukdom och antalet personer som får en demensdiagnos kommer inom några årtionden öka drastiskt. Sjukvården behöver komma fram med nya icke-farmakologiska metoder för att kunna hantera den stora ökningen av personer med demenssjukdom. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva om och på vilket sätt musiken påverkar personer med demens. Metod: Litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats där artiklar med kvalitativ och kvantitativ metodik sammanställdes. Artikelsökning gjordes i databaserna Cinahl samt PsychInfo. De kvalitativa artiklarna analyserades med hjälp av Fribergs femstegsmodell och statistiken från de kvantitativa artiklarna sammanställdes i en tabell. Resultat: Det kvantitativa resultatet visade att musik hade en effekt med statistiskt signifikant skillnad på flera av de undersökta variablerna. Agitation och oro/ ångest minskade medan positivt engagemang/ deltagande ökade. Det kvalitativa resultatet genererade tre teman: kommunikation, sinnesstämning samt indirekt påverkan. Kommunikationen förbättrades, personer med demens upplevde glädje och personalen påverkades positivt av musiken vilket ledde till indirekt påverkan på personer med demens. Slutsats: Musik är en enkel och kostnadseffektiv intervention att använda sig av när det gäller personer med demens. Olika musikinterventioner kan användas vid olika situationer för att få den effekt som önskas. Det är även ett enkelt sätt att komma personer med demens närmare och få en större förståelse., Background: Dementia is a progressive disease and the number of people who will be diagnosed with dementia will increase drastically within a few decades. The healthcare needs to provide new non-pharmacological methods to manage the increase of persons with dementia. Aim: The aim was to describe if and in which way music has an impact on people with dementia. Method: Literature review with an inductive approach. Articles with quantitative and qualitative design was compiled. The literature search was made in Cinahl and PsychInfo. The qualitative articles was analyzed with Fribergs five step model and the statistics from the quantitative articles was compiled into a chart. Result: The quantitative results showed that the music had an effect with significant difference in many of the variables. Agitation and anxiety was reduced meanwhile positive involvement improved. The qualitative result generated in three headings: communication, mood and indirect impact. Communication was improved, persons with dementia felt joyful and the staff was effected in a positive way which led to an indirect impact on the persons with dementia. Conclusion: Music is a simple and cost effective intervention to implement on persons with dementia. Different music interventions can be used in different situations to get the effect that is acquired. It’s also a simple way to get closer to the care takers and get a greater understanding.

Bakgrund: Ångest och oro är vanligt förekommande hos patienter inför kirurgiska ingrepp. Studier har visat att högre grad av preoperativ ångest och oro är associerat med större behov av lugnande premedicinering, högre doser av narkosläkemedel, förhöjt blodtryck, ökad hjärtfrekvens, högre postoperativ smärta samt en långsammare och mer komplicerad postoperativ återhämtning. Den preoperativa vårdmiljön är väl lämpad för alternativa, icke-farmakologiska åtgärder där musikintervention är ett alternativ. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva effekten av musik som åtgärd vid preoperativ ångest och oro. Metod: En litteraturöversikt där artiklar med kvantitativ ansats har analyserats, med motivet att skapa överblick över kunskapsläget. Analysen har gjorts enligt Fribergs trestegsmodell. Resultat: Resultatet är en sammanställning av totalt nio kvantitativa artiklar baserade på studier där effekten av musikintervention som preoperativ omvårdnadsåtgärd har studerats. I samtliga studier minskade musikinterventionen patientens subjektiva upplevelse av preoperativ ångest och oro, däremot sågs inga entydiga effekter för de objektiva parametrarna, såsom tex hjärtfrekvens och blodtryck. Slutsats: Musik bör användas som ett icke-farmakologiskt komplement inom vården eftersom det är en säker metod utan kända biverkningar och med god effekt., Background: Preoperative anxiety is common among patients undergoing surgery. Studies have shown that a high level of preoperative anxiety is associated with increased need for sedatives, higher doses of anesthetic drugs, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, higher postoperative pain and a slower and more complicated postoperative recovery. The preoperative environment is well suited for alternative, non-pharmacological interventions, where music is one of them. Objective: The objective was to describe the effect of music intervention on preoperative anxiety. Method: A literature review where articles with quantitative approach has been analysed, with the purpose of getting an overview of the current knowledge. The analysis has been done according to the three-step model, described by Friberg. Results: The result includes a review of nine quantitative articles, based on studies where the effect of music intervention on preoperative anxiety has been studied. The music intervention showed a positive effect on the reduction of patient reported experience of anxiety in all studies, however, no consistent positive effects were seen on the objective parameters, such as heart rate and blood pressure. Conclusion: Music intervention should be implemented as a compliment to standard preoperative care, as it has shown to be a safe method with no known side effects, and with good results.

Music interventions are effectively used to reduce anxiety in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). The purpose of this review was to identify the methodological quality and examine the effectiveness of music interventions on anxiety in patients requiring maintenance HD. Articles were searched through 10 electronic databases, and relevant articles were systematically reviewed. Seven studies were analyzed for this study, and the combined seven studies revealed a medium effect size (pooled standardized mean differences [SMD] = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.98). This study found that music interventions effectively reduce anxiety in patients on maintenance HD.

Music interventions are effectively used to reduce anxiety in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). The purpose of this review was to identify the methodological quality and examine the effectiveness of music interventions on anxiety in patients requiring maintenance HD. Articles were searched through 10 electronic databases, and relevant articles were systematically reviewed. Seven studies were analyzed for this study, and the combined seven studies revealed a medium effect size (pooled standardized mean differences [SMD] = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.98). This study found that music interventions effectively reduce anxiety in patients on maintenance HD.

Les jeunes de la rue sont reconnus comme étant fragile [i.e. fragiles] dans leur identité qui les entraînent plus souvent qu'autrement à délaisser le monde de l'éducation et par la suite celui du travail. L'adaptation à la vie scolaire et professionnelle des jeunes de la rue passe entre autres par le développement d'un sentiment identitaire. Notre étude tente de comprendre comment contribuer au développement du concept de soi des jeunes de la rue par les arts. Pour y arriver, un cadre conceptuel double est utilisé, soit le modèle du concept de soi de l'Écuyer (1990) concernant le sentiment identitaire et l'art comme moyen d'intervention à partir des écrits de Vygotsky (1971). L'objectif général est de décrire la façon dont l'intervention musicale dans le projet Artifice agit sur le concept de soi, du point de vue des jeunes et de l'équipe d'intervention.

The effectiveness of recorded harp music as a tool for relaxation for nonhuman primates (NHP) is explored in this study. Konigsberg Instruments Model T27F-1B cardiovascular telemetry devices were implanted into nine African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops). After post-surgical recovery, animals were exposed to recorded harp music. Telemetry data were collected on heart rate, mean blood pressure, respiratory rate, and body temperature for a 30-minute baseline period before music exposure; a 90-minute period of music exposure; and a 90-minute postexposure period, where no music was played. The results showed no statistical differences in heart rate, mean blood pressure, respiratory rate, and body temperature among pre-exposure, exposure, and postexposure periods. The authors conclude that the lack of response in these African green monkeys may be attributable to their generally calm demeanor in captivity. Experiments with a more excitable species, such as the rhesus macaque, might demonstrate a significant relaxation response to music., Pub. in the Journal of Medical Primatology, v36, p95-100, 2007. Prepared in cooperation with Pet Pause, Pine Valley, CA. Sponsored in part by the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, MD.

Musik-Interventionen mit Demenzpatienten werden in der Regel so untersucht, dass sie mit Kontrollbedingungen verglichen werden, um ihre Wirksamkeit zu überprüfen. Allerdings ist ebenfalls die Frage relevant, wie Musikinterventionen in ihrer Durchführung verbessert werden können. Darum wurde ein Quasi-Experiment in drei Altersheimen mit 25 Teilnehmern durchgeführt, deren kognitiven Einschränkung von schwerer Demenz (MoCA=0) bis zu leichten kognitiven Einschränkung (MoCA=25) reichte. Die wöchentlichen Musikinterventionen (Gruppengröße 4-10) beinhalteten vier bekannte Volkslieder und variierten in ihrer Textschwierigkeit: Bedingung EINFACH: abwechselnd die erste Strophe und „Lalala“-Bedingung. Bedingung MITTEL: Drei Strophen mit „Lalala“-Bedingung dazwischen. Bedingung SCHWIERIG: Nur Strophen ohne „Lalala“-Bedingung. Die Teilhabe und das Wohlbefinden der Teilnehmer wurden mit einer Videoanalyse gewertet und durch Pflegekräfte einen Tag später mithilfe einer adaptierten Version des The Greater Cincinnati Chapter Well-Being Observation Tool. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Bedingungen konnten während der Intervention hinsichtlich Mitsingen (p=.001) und Fröhlichkeit (p=.013) und einen Tag später hinsichtlich Ausdruck von Freude (p=.043) und Lebhaftigkeit (p=.024) gezeigt werden. Erwartete Interaktionseffekte zwischen Textschwierigkeit und Demenzgrad konnten nicht bestätigt werden. Die „Lalala“-Bedingung zeigt sich als funktionierende Methode, um die Teilnehmer unabhängig von ihren kognitiven Fähigkeiten zum Mitsingen zu animieren. Schließlich werden Empfehlungen gegeben, die die Musik Interventionen mit Demenpatienten auf Basis des gegenwärtigen Forschungsstandes verbessern sollen., Research on music interventions with dementia patients has focused on comparing the effects of such interventions with control conditions. But how can music interventions be conducted the best way possible? Thus, a quasi-experiment was performed in three different retirement homes with 25 participants, ranging from severe dementia participants (MoCA=0) to mild cognitive impaired (MoCA=25). The weekly music interventions (group size 4-10) did include four well-known folksongs and were alternating in their degree of language difficulty: Condition EASY: alternately first verse and “lalala”-condition. Condition MEDIUM: Three verses with added “lalala”-condition in between. Condition DIFFICULT: Full lyrics without “lalala”-condition. The participation and wellbeing was rated in a video analysis and by care givers one day afterwards with an adapted version of The Greater Cincinnati Chapter Well-Being Observation Tool. Significant differences between the language conditions could be shown during the intervention regarding singing along (p=.001) and happiness (p=.013) and one day later regarding expressions of joy (p=.043) and activity (p=.024). Expected interaction effects between language difficulty and dementia stage could not be confirmed. The “lalala”-condition shows to be a reasonable way to incite participants to sing along within a wide range of cognitive abilities. Finally, a set of recommendations is given to generally improve music interventions with dementia patients on the basis of current state of research., eingereicht von: Kris Heidenreich, BSc, BA, Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2021

Musik-Interventionen mit Demenzpatienten werden in der Regel so untersucht, dass sie mit Kontrollbedingungen verglichen werden, um ihre Wirksamkeit zu überprüfen. Allerdings ist ebenfalls die Frage relevant, wie Musikinterventionen in ihrer Durchführung verbessert werden können. Darum wurde ein Quasi-Experiment in drei Altersheimen mit 25 Teilnehmern durchgeführt, deren kognitiven Einschränkung von schwerer Demenz (MoCA=0) bis zu leichten kognitiven Einschränkung (MoCA=25) reichte. Die wöchentlichen Musikinterventionen (Gruppengröße 4-10) beinhalteten vier bekannte Volkslieder und variierten in ihrer Textschwierigkeit: Bedingung EINFACH: abwechselnd die erste Strophe und „Lalala“-Bedingung. Bedingung MITTEL: Drei Strophen mit „Lalala“-Bedingung dazwischen. Bedingung SCHWIERIG: Nur Strophen ohne „Lalala“-Bedingung. Die Teilhabe und das Wohlbefinden der Teilnehmer wurden mit einer Videoanalyse gewertet und durch Pflegekräfte einen Tag später mithilfe einer adaptierten Version des The Greater Cincinnati Chapter Well-Being Observation Tool. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Bedingungen konnten während der Intervention hinsichtlich Mitsingen (p=.001) und Fröhlichkeit (p=.013) und einen Tag später hinsichtlich Ausdruck von Freude (p=.043) und Lebhaftigkeit (p=.024) gezeigt werden. Erwartete Interaktionseffekte zwischen Textschwierigkeit und Demenzgrad konnten nicht bestätigt werden. Die „Lalala“-Bedingung zeigt sich als funktionierende Methode, um die Teilnehmer unabhängig von ihren kognitiven Fähigkeiten zum Mitsingen zu animieren. Schließlich werden Empfehlungen gegeben, die die Musik Interventionen mit Demenpatienten auf Basis des gegenwärtigen Forschungsstandes verbessern sollen., Research on music interventions with dementia patients has focused on comparing the effects of such interventions with control conditions. But how can music interventions be conducted the best way possible? Thus, a quasi-experiment was performed in three different retirement homes with 25 participants, ranging from severe dementia participants (MoCA=0) to mild cognitive impaired (MoCA=25). The weekly music interventions (group size 4-10) did include four well-known folksongs and were alternating in their degree of language difficulty: Condition EASY: alternately first verse and “lalala”-condition. Condition MEDIUM: Three verses with added “lalala”-condition in between. Condition DIFFICULT: Full lyrics without “lalala”-condition. The participation and wellbeing was rated in a video analysis and by care givers one day afterwards with an adapted version of The Greater Cincinnati Chapter Well-Being Observation Tool. Significant differences between the language conditions could be shown during the intervention regarding singing along (p=.001) and happiness (p=.013) and one day later regarding expressions of joy (p=.043) and activity (p=.024). Expected interaction effects between language difficulty and dementia stage could not be confirmed. The “lalala”-condition shows to be a reasonable way to incite participants to sing along within a wide range of cognitive abilities. Finally, a set of recommendations is given to generally improve music interventions with dementia patients on the basis of current state of research., eingereicht von: Kris Heidenreich, BSc, BA, Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2021