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The sedimentary infill of the Quibas karstic site (Early Pleistocene, southern Spain) represents the only continuous succession with remains of continental vertebrates in Europe from pre-Jaramillo to post-Jaramillo age. The Quibas site, with a significant paleontological record, is dated between 1.1 and 0.9 Ma and offers a unique opportunity to carry out a paleoclimatic reconstruction of the time period immediately after the arrival of the first humans to western Europe. For this reason, defining the dominant sedimentary processes in the different stratigraphic units and the associated paleoenvironment is essential. The Quibas site is made up of two karstic features with two stratigraphic sequences: Quibas-Cueva, containing six lithostratigraphic units, and Quibas-Sima, which contains seven lithostratigraphic units. The detailed description and analyses of the stratigraphic sections have allowed the characterization of various autochthonous and allochthonous facies of cave deposits. Paleoclimatic proxies, inferred from sedimentological analyses, reveal a record of several alternating humid and arid phases resulting from the Early Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles, allowing correlation to the marine oxygen isotope record. The lowermost units (pre-Jaramillo) were deposited during a long-lasting interglacial, correlated to MIS 33–31. It was followed by an increase in aridity in the intermediate units of Quibas-Sima and uppermost unit of Quibas-Cueva (Jaramillo), revealing the beginning of a glacial period at the start of the Jaramillo subchron (1 Ma), which can be correlated to MIS 30. The upper Jaramillo and post-Jaramillo units suggest these were deposited in alternating periods of aridity and humid conditions, although less humid than the pre-Jaramillo period, probably representing the MIS 29 interglacial, the MIS 28 glacial and the MIS 27 interglacial., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Generalitat de Catalunya, University Rovira i Virgili, European Union, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

Eight samples of Portland cement and a clinker provided by the Brazilian Association of Portland Cement were analysed with different laboratory diffractometers and a synchrotron instrument to determine the statistical variability in the determination of the mass percentage of the main crystalline phases. Five laboratories participated in the experiment. Data collection was performed by each laboratory following its own internal procedures for a standard Rietveld analysis of mineral phases. Both Cu and Mo radiations were used. Reflection geometries—with and without sample rotation—and transmission geometries were also used. The synchrotron diffraction pattern was acquired from a rotating capillary and a wavelength of 0.41290 Å. Analysis of all diffraction patterns was performed with the help of TOPAS Academic v. 6 with the specific purpose of determining the proportions of polymorphs M1 and M3 of alite, since their ratio must be taken into account for the subsequent development of the mechanical properties of concrete.

Der signierte und datierte (1767) Fayencekachelofen des Cristoforo Cavosi aus Sfruz wir detailliert nach Aufbau und Dekor beschrieben. Der Restaurierung des zerlegten Ofens und seinem Wiederaufbau in Schloss Weiherburg in Ainet bei Lienz folgt die kunsthistorische Einordnung des Ofens in die Tradition der Tiroler Kachelöfen zwischen dem 16. und 18. Jh. (einschließlich Beschreibung eines Referenzofens desselben Meisters). Die Fayence-Technik des Ofens wird erläutert und durch eine mineralogische Analyse gestützt. Ein wahrscheinlicher Kulturtransfer von Faenza ins Trentino wird durch einen Exkurs über Wiedertäufer verdeutlicht., The signed and dated (1767) tiled stove by Cristoforo Cavosi from Sfruz is described in detail regarding construction and decoration. The restoration and reconstruction of the oven in the castle of Weiherburg (Ainet near Lienz) is followed by its art historical classification within the tradition of Tyrolean tiled stoves between the 16th and 18th centuries(including an oven of reference by the same master). The Fayence technique is shown and is proved by a mineralogical analysis. A probable cultural transfer from Faenza to the Tyrol is described and illustrated by an excursion on the Anabaptist movement., Claudia Egg, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2023

The present study aims to present new archaeometric data from a wide typological rank of ceramics collected in Ksar Seghir (Morocco) and Ceuta (Spain), two different archaeological sites in the south bank of the Strait of Gibraltar occupied by the Portuguese from the 15th to the middle of the 16th centuries. We characterise and illustrate the most common ceramic fabrics and shapes found in these settlements, only possible by the intensive excavation of these two sites. Its mineralogical and chemical analyses confirm the idea that Seville and Lisbon were the most significant production centres in the Iberian Peninsula to supply the two Portuguese North African strongholds. These results reinforce the idea that Seville and Lisbon, besides being two great pottery workshops, played a complementary role as key cities in the logistics of the Iberian overseas expansion since its early beginning. The combination of the typological and archaeometrical studies will allow to better identify the centres of production of these ceramics, which were widely disseminated in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean during this period.

This thesis aims to provide an understanding of the dynamics underlying the adoption of pottery by pre-agrarian hunter-gatherer cultural groups around the Baltic Sea. The focus is on three approximately contemporaneous early pottery traditions of the region (ca. 5200–3900 cal BC); the Ertebølle (EBK) of southern Scandinavia (southern Sweden, Denmark) and northern Germany, the Narva of the eastern Baltic, and the Early Comb Ware (ECW) of north-eastern Fennoscandia. To develop knowledge about what ceramics in these traditions were used for, and whether intra- and/or inter-cultural variations occurred, EBK pottery material from Scania (southern Sweden) and Lolland (eastern Denmark), as well as material from ECW pottery sub-styles (Säräisniemi 1, Sperrings 1, and 2, Jäkärlä) from mainland Finland were selected from museum collections in the corresponding countries to be analyzed by means of lipid residue analysis. The use of the EBK pottery was compared to that of the contemporaneous Narva, to assess whether the typological similarities characterizing the two pottery traditions corresponded also to common functions. The comparison was conducted statistically by using the lipid residue data obtained by the author along with that previously published from Narva pottery assemblages in Estonia, and from EBK pottery assemblages from Denmark and northern Germany. The Finnish ECW pottery sub-styles were separately analyzed to assess spatio-temporal use variation. Pottery use determinations were based on characterizations of food and non-food residues preserved in the ceramic matrix of the analyzed vessels, assisted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The technique provided molecular separation and identification of the residues’ lipid (fatty) components. For determinations of higher resolution, molecular analysis was complemented with stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis of specific fatty acid compounds, using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spec, Η παρούσα διατριβή έχει ως στόχο να συνεισφέρει στην κατανόηση των διεργασιών που συνετέλεσαν στην υιοθέτηση της κεραμικής από προ-αγροτικές ομάδες κυνηγών-τροφοσυλλεκτών γύρω από τη Βαλτική. Η εστίαση είναι σε τρεις, περίπου σύγχρονες, πρώιμες κεραμικές παραδόσεις της περιοχής (περ. 5200–3900 π.Χ.), συγκεκριμένα της Ertebølle (ΕΒΚ) της νότιας Σκανδιναβίας (νοτια Σουηδία, Δανία) και βόρειας Γερμανίας, της Narva της ανατολικής Βαλτικής, και της Πρώιμης Comb-Ware (ECW) της βορειο-ανατολικής Φεννοσκάνδιας. Για τη διεύρυνση της γνώσης σχετικά με το σκοπό της χρήσης των κεραμικών αυτών παραδόσεων, και για το εάν υπήρξαν ενδο- και δια-πολιτισμικές διαφοροποιήσεις, υλικό κεραμικής απο την ΕΒΚ της Skåne (νότια Σουηδία) και του Lolland (ανατολική Δανία), και από διάφορα ECW κεραμικά στυλ (Säräisniemi 1, Sperrings 1 και 2, Jäkärlä) της ηπειρωτικής Φιλανδίας, συλλέχθηκε από μουσεία των χωρών για ανάλυση καταλοίπων λιπιδίων από περιεχόμενα οργανικής προέλευσης. Η χρήση της ΕΒΚ κεραμικής συγκρίθηκε με αυτή της σύγχρονής της Narva για να εκτιμηθεί εάν οι τυπολογικές ομοιότητες των δύο παραδόσεων σχετίζονταν με κοινή λειτουργία. Η σύγκριση πραγματοποιήθηκε μέσω στατιστικής ανάλυσης των δεδομένων καταλοίπων λιπιδίων που ελήφθησαν από το συγγραφέα μαζί με δεδομένα προηγουμένως δημοσιευμένα από κεραμικές συλλογές της Narva από την Εσθονία, και της ΕΒΚ από τη Δανία και τη βόρεια Γερμανία. Τα κεραμικά στυλ της ECW της Φινλανδίας αναλύθηκαν χωριστά, ώστε να διερευνηθεί τυχόν χωρο-χρονική διαφοροποίηση στη χρήση. Η χρήση της κεραμικής αξιολογήθηκε βάσει χαρακτηρισμών υπολειμμάτων τροφίμων και άλλων οργανικών υλικών διατηρημένων εντός της κεραμικής μάζας των αναλυθέντων αγγείων, μέσω αέριας χρωματογραφίας-φασματομετρίας μαζών (GC-MS). Η τεχνική προσφέρει μοριακό διαχωρισμό και ταυτοποίηση των λιπαρών συστατικών των υπολειμμάτων. Για υψηλότερης ανάλυσης προσδιορισμούς, η μοριακή ανάλυση συμπληρώθηκε με ανάλυση σταθερών ισοτόπων άνθρακα (δ13C) επιλεγμένων λιπαρών οξέων, χρησιμοποιώντας αέ

This thesis aims to provide an understanding of the dynamics underlying the adoption of pottery by pre-agrarian hunter-gatherer cultural groups around the Baltic Sea. The focus is on three approximately contemporaneous early pottery traditions of the region (ca. 5200–3900 cal BC); the Ertebølle (EBK) of southern Scandinavia (southern Sweden, Denmark) and northern Germany, the Narva of the eastern Baltic, and the Early Comb Ware (ECW) of north-eastern Fennoscandia. To develop knowledge about what ceramics in these traditions were used for, and whether intra- and/or inter-cultural variations occurred, EBK pottery material from Scania (southern Sweden) and Lolland (eastern Denmark), as well as material from ECW pottery sub-styles (Säräisniemi 1, Sperrings 1, and 2, Jäkärlä) from mainland Finland were selected from museum collections in the corresponding countries to be analyzed by means of lipid residue analysis. The use of the EBK pottery was compared to that of the contemporaneous Narva, to assess whether the typological similarities characterizing the two pottery traditions corresponded also to common functions. The comparison was conducted statistically by using the lipid residue data obtained by the author along with that previously published from Narva pottery assemblages in Estonia, and from EBK pottery assemblages from Denmark and northern Germany. The Finnish ECW pottery sub-styles were separately analyzed to assess spatio-temporal use variation. Pottery use determinations were based on characterizations of food and non-food residues preserved in the ceramic matrix of the analyzed vessels, assisted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The technique provided molecular separation and identification of the residues’ lipid (fatty) components. For determinations of higher resolution, molecular analysis was complemented with stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis of specific fatty acid compounds, using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spec, Η παρούσα διατριβή έχει ως στόχο να συνεισφέρει στην κατανόηση των διεργασιών που συνετέλεσαν στην υιοθέτηση της κεραμικής από προ-αγροτικές ομάδες κυνηγών-τροφοσυλλεκτών γύρω από τη Βαλτική. Η εστίαση είναι σε τρεις, περίπου σύγχρονες, πρώιμες κεραμικές παραδόσεις της περιοχής (περ. 5200–3900 π.Χ.), συγκεκριμένα της Ertebølle (ΕΒΚ) της νότιας Σκανδιναβίας (νοτια Σουηδία, Δανία) και βόρειας Γερμανίας, της Narva της ανατολικής Βαλτικής, και της Πρώιμης Comb-Ware (ECW) της βορειο-ανατολικής Φεννοσκάνδιας. Για τη διεύρυνση της γνώσης σχετικά με το σκοπό της χρήσης των κεραμικών αυτών παραδόσεων, και για το εάν υπήρξαν ενδο- και δια-πολιτισμικές διαφοροποιήσεις, υλικό κεραμικής απο την ΕΒΚ της Skåne (νότια Σουηδία) και του Lolland (ανατολική Δανία), και από διάφορα ECW κεραμικά στυλ (Säräisniemi 1, Sperrings 1 και 2, Jäkärlä) της ηπειρωτικής Φιλανδίας, συλλέχθηκε από μουσεία των χωρών για ανάλυση καταλοίπων λιπιδίων από περιεχόμενα οργανικής προέλευσης. Η χρήση της ΕΒΚ κεραμικής συγκρίθηκε με αυτή της σύγχρονής της Narva για να εκτιμηθεί εάν οι τυπολογικές ομοιότητες των δύο παραδόσεων σχετίζονταν με κοινή λειτουργία. Η σύγκριση πραγματοποιήθηκε μέσω στατιστικής ανάλυσης των δεδομένων καταλοίπων λιπιδίων που ελήφθησαν από το συγγραφέα μαζί με δεδομένα προηγουμένως δημοσιευμένα από κεραμικές συλλογές της Narva από την Εσθονία, και της ΕΒΚ από τη Δανία και τη βόρεια Γερμανία. Τα κεραμικά στυλ της ECW της Φινλανδίας αναλύθηκαν χωριστά, ώστε να διερευνηθεί τυχόν χωρο-χρονική διαφοροποίηση στη χρήση. Η χρήση της κεραμικής αξιολογήθηκε βάσει χαρακτηρισμών υπολειμμάτων τροφίμων και άλλων οργανικών υλικών διατηρημένων εντός της κεραμικής μάζας των αναλυθέντων αγγείων, μέσω αέριας χρωματογραφίας-φασματομετρίας μαζών (GC-MS). Η τεχνική προσφέρει μοριακό διαχωρισμό και ταυτοποίηση των λιπαρών συστατικών των υπολειμμάτων. Για υψηλότερης ανάλυσης προσδιορισμούς, η μοριακή ανάλυση συμπληρώθηκε με ανάλυση σταθερών ισοτόπων άνθρακα (δ13C) επιλεγμένων λιπαρών οξέων, χρησιμοποιώντας αέ

This thesis aims to provide an understanding of the dynamics underlying the adoption of pottery by pre-agrarian hunter-gatherer cultural groups around the Baltic Sea. The focus is on three approximately contemporaneous early pottery traditions of the region (ca. 5200–3900 cal BC); the Ertebølle (EBK) of southern Scandinavia (southern Sweden, Denmark) and northern Germany, the Narva of the eastern Baltic, and the Early Comb Ware (ECW) of north-eastern Fennoscandia. To develop knowledge about what ceramics in these traditions were used for, and whether intra- and/or inter-cultural variations occurred, EBK pottery material from Scania (southern Sweden) and Lolland (eastern Denmark), as well as material from ECW pottery sub-styles (Säräisniemi 1, Sperrings 1, and 2, Jäkärlä) from mainland Finland were selected from museum collections in the corresponding countries to be analyzed by means of lipid residue analysis. The use of the EBK pottery was compared to that of the contemporaneous Narva, to assess whether the typological similarities characterizing the two pottery traditions corresponded also to common functions. The comparison was conducted statistically by using the lipid residue data obtained by the author along with that previously published from Narva pottery assemblages in Estonia, and from EBK pottery assemblages from Denmark and northern Germany. The Finnish ECW pottery sub-styles were separately analyzed to assess spatio-temporal use variation. Pottery use determinations were based on characterizations of food and non-food residues preserved in the ceramic matrix of the analyzed vessels, assisted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The technique provided molecular separation and identification of the residues’ lipid (fatty) components. For determinations of higher resolution, molecular analysis was complemented with stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis of specific fatty acid compounds, using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spec, Η παρούσα διατριβή έχει ως στόχο να συνεισφέρει στην κατανόηση των διεργασιών που συνετέλεσαν στην υιοθέτηση της κεραμικής από προ-αγροτικές ομάδες κυνηγών-τροφοσυλλεκτών γύρω από τη Βαλτική. Η εστίαση είναι σε τρεις, περίπου σύγχρονες, πρώιμες κεραμικές παραδόσεις της περιοχής (περ. 5200–3900 π.Χ.), συγκεκριμένα της Ertebølle (ΕΒΚ) της νότιας Σκανδιναβίας (νοτια Σουηδία, Δανία) και βόρειας Γερμανίας, της Narva της ανατολικής Βαλτικής, και της Πρώιμης Comb-Ware (ECW) της βορειο-ανατολικής Φεννοσκάνδιας. Για τη διεύρυνση της γνώσης σχετικά με το σκοπό της χρήσης των κεραμικών αυτών παραδόσεων, και για το εάν υπήρξαν ενδο- και δια-πολιτισμικές διαφοροποιήσεις, υλικό κεραμικής απο την ΕΒΚ της Skåne (νότια Σουηδία) και του Lolland (ανατολική Δανία), και από διάφορα ECW κεραμικά στυλ (Säräisniemi 1, Sperrings 1 και 2, Jäkärlä) της ηπειρωτικής Φιλανδίας, συλλέχθηκε από μουσεία των χωρών για ανάλυση καταλοίπων λιπιδίων από περιεχόμενα οργανικής προέλευσης. Η χρήση της ΕΒΚ κεραμικής συγκρίθηκε με αυτή της σύγχρονής της Narva για να εκτιμηθεί εάν οι τυπολογικές ομοιότητες των δύο παραδόσεων σχετίζονταν με κοινή λειτουργία. Η σύγκριση πραγματοποιήθηκε μέσω στατιστικής ανάλυσης των δεδομένων καταλοίπων λιπιδίων που ελήφθησαν από το συγγραφέα μαζί με δεδομένα προηγουμένως δημοσιευμένα από κεραμικές συλλογές της Narva από την Εσθονία, και της ΕΒΚ από τη Δανία και τη βόρεια Γερμανία. Τα κεραμικά στυλ της ECW της Φινλανδίας αναλύθηκαν χωριστά, ώστε να διερευνηθεί τυχόν χωρο-χρονική διαφοροποίηση στη χρήση. Η χρήση της κεραμικής αξιολογήθηκε βάσει χαρακτηρισμών υπολειμμάτων τροφίμων και άλλων οργανικών υλικών διατηρημένων εντός της κεραμικής μάζας των αναλυθέντων αγγείων, μέσω αέριας χρωματογραφίας-φασματομετρίας μαζών (GC-MS). Η τεχνική προσφέρει μοριακό διαχωρισμό και ταυτοποίηση των λιπαρών συστατικών των υπολειμμάτων. Για υψηλότερης ανάλυσης προσδιορισμούς, η μοριακή ανάλυση συμπληρώθηκε με ανάλυση σταθερών ισοτόπων άνθρακα (δ13C) επιλεγμένων λιπαρών οξέων, χρησιμοποιώντας αέ

The construction industry needs to reduce greenhouse gases, in which cement production is currently responsible for generating between 4% and 6% of the total CO2 released into the atmosphere. Similarly, many industries produce large amounts of solid waste, which often have low value-added applications or are directly taken to landfills, with consequent negative environmental impacts. One of these industries is the steel industry, which in 2016 generated 18.4 Mt of slag (melting and refining slag) among all European Union countries. In terms of refining steel slag (ladle or white slag), it is estimated that for each ton of steel, between 20 and 30 kg of slag is produced; that is, in 2016, more than 700,000 tons of white slag were generated. It is also known that this material has cementitious properties and can be used as a precursor in alkaline activation processes. Depending on the concentrations used of the activating agent, a higher or lower mechanical performance of the developed materials can be obtained. This work studied the alkali activation of a ladle slag used to manufacture mortars, subjecting them to an initial curing of 24 h at different temperatures (20, 40, and 70 °C). Sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide were used as activating agents, using percentages of Na2O between 5% and 10% to obtain an optimal dosage of the activator. The physical and mechanical properties of the mortars were evaluated at different ages of curing. In addition, monitoring was undertaken of linear shrinkage due to drying and the mineralogical changes due to activation and curing time., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

A method for quantitative mineralogical analysis by ATR-FTIR [1] has been used first time for analysis of historical mortars. Mixtures of different minerals and gypsum were used in order to measure the minimum band intensity that must be considered for calculations and the detection limit. In this way, the molar absorptivity coefficient in the Lambert–Beer law and the components of a mixture in mol percentage can be calculated. The GAMS equation modeling environment and the NLP solver CONOPT (©ARKI Consulting and Development) were used to correlate the experimental data in the samples considered. The characterization of the vernacular mortars by FTIR analysis identifies the predominant minerals of the samples, and in conjunction with XRF and XRD, shows the exact composition of historical mortars, which will optimize the restoration and conservation of monuments, preserving our heritage.

A method for quantitative mineralogical analysis by ATR-FTIR [1] has been used first time for analysis of historical mortars. Mixtures of different minerals and gypsum were used in order to measure the minimum band intensity that must be considered for calculations and the detection limit. In this way, the molar absorptivity coefficient in the Lambert–Beer law and the components of a mixture in mol percentage can be calculated. The GAMS equation modeling environment and the NLP solver CONOPT (©ARKI Consulting and Development) were used to correlate the experimental data in the samples considered. The characterization of the vernacular mortars by FTIR analysis identifies the predominant minerals of the samples, and in conjunction with XRF and XRD, shows the exact composition of historical mortars, which will optimize the restoration and conservation of monuments, preserving our heritage.

The aim of this work is to characterize the original concrete from Roman buildings for public spectacles, theatre and amphitheatre, from Emerita Augusta, Mérida, Spain. An advanced knowledge of the Roman concrete composition is required for a reliable restoration and preservation of these ancient monuments. The concrete was studied through mineralogical (optical polarized microscopy and X-ray diffraction) and petrophysical (bulk and real density, open porosity to water and Hg, mechanical strength and ultrasonic velocity) analyses. With this work, it is possible to fill the gap that exists in this field and the characterization of the materials used in the Roman concrete from these two buildings, never previously studied, despite the significance of this archaeological ensemble, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1993. The results allowed us to determine the composition of the Roman concrete and to infer the provenance of the aggregates used in these monuments.

A concept for the disposal of highly radioactive waste at depth in the Earth’s crust using very deep bore-holes requires that the upper 2 km’s of the 800 mm diameter, steeply drilled holes, be effectively sealed. This can be achieved by using dense smectitic clay where the rock is weakly fractured and strengthening with concrete when fracture zones are encountered. Earlier investigations have shown that chemical reactions between the clay and concrete can be expected both in the upper part where the temperature is lower than 90oC and in the deeper section where the temperature reaches up to 150oC. To study further this interaction, hydrothermal experiments were conducted using mixed-layer (illite/smectite) Holmehus clay and a low pH slag-based concrete placed in contact under isothermal conditions at 21°C, 100oC and 150oC for a period of 8 weeks. The sample sets, which consisted of two clay discs separated by concrete cast on the lower clay disc, were extracted in undisturbed form and exposed to uniaxial pressure for measuring the compressive strength at successively increasing pressures. Compression tests underenhanced thermal conditions led to strengthening of both the clay and concrete. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analysis of the material revealed an increasing degree of cation exchange at higher temperatures with the cement, whereby Ca replaced Na in the interlayer sites of smectite layers. Dissolution of illite/smectite was also evident occurring at enhanced temperatures, with a decrease in K, Mg and Fe content with advanced alteration. The enhanced strength of clay can be partly attributed to the precipitation of cement phases from circulating fluids, including precipitation of gypsum., Validerad; 2015; Nivå 2; 20140905 (mohhat)

A concept for the disposal of highly radioactive waste at depth in the Earth’s crust using very deep bore-holes requires that the upper 2 km’s of the 800 mm diameter, steeply drilled holes, be effectively sealed. This can be achieved by using dense smectitic clay where the rock is weakly fractured and strengthening with concrete when fracture zones are encountered. Earlier investigations have shown that chemical reactions between the clay and concrete can be expected both in the upper part where the temperature is lower than 90oC and in the deeper section where the temperature reaches up to 150oC. To study further this interaction, hydrothermal experiments were conducted using mixed-layer (illite/smectite) Holmehus clay and a low pH slag-based concrete placed in contact under isothermal conditions at 21°C, 100oC and 150oC for a period of 8 weeks. The sample sets, which consisted of two clay discs separated by concrete cast on the lower clay disc, were extracted in undisturbed form and exposed to uniaxial pressure for measuring the compressive strength at successively increasing pressures. Compression tests underenhanced thermal conditions led to strengthening of both the clay and concrete. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analysis of the material revealed an increasing degree of cation exchange at higher temperatures with the cement, whereby Ca replaced Na in the interlayer sites of smectite layers. Dissolution of illite/smectite was also evident occurring at enhanced temperatures, with a decrease in K, Mg and Fe content with advanced alteration. The enhanced strength of clay can be partly attributed to the precipitation of cement phases from circulating fluids, including precipitation of gypsum., Validerad; 2015; Nivå 2; 20140905 (mohhat)

A method for quantitative mineralogical analysis by ATR-FTIR has been developed. The method relies on the use of the main band of calcite as a reference for the normalization of the IR spectrum of a mineral sample. In this way, the molar absorptivity coefficient in the Lambert–Beer law and the components of a mixture in mole percentage can be calculated. The GAMS equation modeling environment and the NLP solver CONOPT (©ARKI Consulting and Development) were used to correlate the experimental data in the samples considered. Mixtures of different minerals and gypsum were used in order to measure the minimum band intensity that must be considered for calculations and the detection limit. Accordingly, bands of intensity lower than 0.01 were discarded. The detection limit for gypsum was about 7% (mol/total mole). Good agreement was obtained when this FTIR method was applied to ceramic tiles previously analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) or mineral mixtures prepared in the lab.

El Cuquero is a Visigothic settlement, located in the north-western Iberian Peninsula, which has been dated over the 6th century. The site has provided a small but homogeneous set of pottery, mainly composed of pieces that are usually classified as common or cooking ware, although macroscopic examination distinguishes a third different group characterized by its grey or black colour and polished surfaces. Shards belonging to the characterised productions are studied using petrographic microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and geochemical analysis (FUS-ICP and FUS-MS) to explore similarities or differences. Petrographic study and X-ray diffraction reveal a very similar mineralogical composition for all of the analysed samples. However, geochemical analyses yield some differences. The chemical composition of the coarse cooking ware can be differentiated from the other groups, whereas the common ware and the group of grey or black pottery with polished surfaces are more similar in composition, El Cuquero es un yacimiento de época visigoda, localizado en la parte noroccidental de la península Ibérica, cuya cronología ha sido establecida en torno al siglo VI. El asentamiento ha proporcionado un pequeño aunque homogéneo conjunto cerámico compuesto mayoritariamente por cerámica común y común de cocina, si bien a partir del examen macroscópico es posible distinguir un tercer grupo cerámico, que pese a que comparte características con los otros dos, se diferencia de ellos por ser uniformemente de color gris o negro y presentar sus superficies bruñidas o alisadas. Los fragmentos pertenecientes a estos tres grupos cerámicos se estudian mediante el microscopio petrográfico, la difracción de Rayos X (DRX) y el análisis geoquímico (FUS-ICO y ICP-MS) con el fin de estudiar sus semejanzas y diferencias. Del estudio petrográfico y la difracción de Rayos X se deduce que todas las muestras presentan una composición mineralógica muy semejante. Sin embargo, el análisis geoquímico permite establecer diferencias entre los ejemplares analizados y concluir que la cerámica común de cocina se diferencia en su composición química de la cerámica común y de la cerámica de color gris o negro con superficies bruñidas o alisadas, las cuales son a su vez semejantes entre sí.

El Cuquero is a Visigothic settlement, located in the north-western Iberian Peninsula, which has been dated over the 6th century. The site has provided a small but homogeneous set of pottery, mainly composed of pieces that are usually classified as common or cooking ware, although macroscopic examination distinguishes a third different group characterized by its grey or black colour and polished surfaces. Shards belonging to the characterised productions are studied using petrographic microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and geochemical analysis (FUS-ICP and FUS-MS) to explore similarities or differences. Petrographic study and X-ray diffraction reveal a very similar mineralogical composition for all of the analysed samples. However, geochemical analyses yield some differences. The chemical composition of the coarse cooking ware can be differentiated from the other groups, whereas the common ware and the group of grey or black pottery with polished surfaces are more similar in composition, El Cuquero es un yacimiento de época visigoda, localizado en la parte noroccidental de la península Ibérica, cuya cronología ha sido establecida en torno al siglo VI. El asentamiento ha proporcionado un pequeño aunque homogéneo conjunto cerámico compuesto mayoritariamente por cerámica común y común de cocina, si bien a partir del examen macroscópico es posible distinguir un tercer grupo cerámico, que pese a que comparte características con los otros dos, se diferencia de ellos por ser uniformemente de color gris o negro y presentar sus superficies bruñidas o alisadas. Los fragmentos pertenecientes a estos tres grupos cerámicos se estudian mediante el microscopio petrográfico, la difracción de Rayos X (DRX) y el análisis geoquímico (FUS-ICO y ICP-MS) con el fin de estudiar sus semejanzas y diferencias. Del estudio petrográfico y la difracción de Rayos X se deduce que todas las muestras presentan una composición mineralógica muy semejante. Sin embargo, el análisis geoquímico permite establecer diferencias entre los ejemplares analizados y concluir que la cerámica común de cocina se diferencia en su composición química de la cerámica común y de la cerámica de color gris o negro con superficies bruñidas o alisadas, las cuales son a su vez semejantes entre sí.

A method for quantitative mineralogical analysis by ATR-FTIR has been developed. The method relies on the use of the main band of calcite as a reference for the normalization of the IR spectrum of a mineral sample. In this way, the molar absorptivity coefficient in the Lambert–Beer law and the components of a mixture in mole percentage can be calculated. The GAMS equation modeling environment and the NLP solver CONOPT (©ARKI Consulting and Development) were used to correlate the experimental data in the samples considered. Mixtures of different minerals and gypsum were used in order to measure the minimum band intensity that must be considered for calculations and the detection limit. Accordingly, bands of intensity lower than 0.01 were discarded. The detection limit for gypsum was about 7% (mol/total mole). Good agreement was obtained when this FTIR method was applied to ceramic tiles previously analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) or mineral mixtures prepared in the lab.

Mineralogical analysis on pastes of Spanish Portland cement Type I, blended with nanosilica was carried out by conventional and high-resolution thermogravimetric analysis (TG-HRTG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) in order to determine the quantity of the different mineralogical phases obtained during the hydration process. Simultaneously, mortars with the same materials and replacement ratio were made in order to assess their compressive strength for up to 28 days of curing time. In this paper, the rate and quantity of each one of the main constituent phases of the cement during its hydration process (CSH, portlandite, stratlingite, etc.) were determined. A correlation between the quantity of CSH and the development of compressive strength was established. Additionally, the pozzolanic activity of nanosilica was evaluated by quantifying the fixation of calcium hydroxide and its impact on the development of the compressive strength. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mineralogical analysis on pastes of Spanish Portland cement Type I, blended with nanosilica was carried out by conventional and high-resolution thermogravimetric analysis (TG-HRTG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) in order to determine the quantity of the different mineralogical phases obtained during the hydration process. Simultaneously, mortars with the same materials and replacement ratio were made in order to assess their compressive strength for up to 28 days of curing time. In this paper, the rate and quantity of each one of the main constituent phases of the cement during its hydration process (CSH, portlandite, stratlingite, etc.) were determined. A correlation between the quantity of CSH and the development of compressive strength was established. Additionally, the pozzolanic activity of nanosilica was evaluated by quantifying the fixation of calcium hydroxide and its impact on the development of the compressive strength. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A diagnosis of asbestosis, lung fibrosis due to asbestos exposure, was proposed in 2003 in a 64-year-old woman on the basis of the history, computed tomography appearances, lung function studies, and biometric data. This diagnosis was confirmed by the pathological examination of a lung lobe resected surgically for bronchial carcinoma in 2010. The diagnosis of asbestosis is now rarely made as a result of a substantial decrease in dust exposure over the past decades and mainly because of the interdiction of asbestos use in western countries. Currently, the most frequent thoracic manifestations of asbestos exposure are benign pleural lesions and mesothelioma. It has also become exceptional to have pathological confirmation of the diagnosis, obtained in this woman thanks to the surgical treatment of another complication of her occupational exposure. © 2012 Publíe par Elsevier Masson SAS pour la SPLF., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

A diagnosis of asbestosis, lung fibrosis due to asbestos exposure, was proposed in 2003 in a 64-year-old woman on the basis of the history, computed tomography appearances, lung function studies, and biometric data. This diagnosis was confirmed by the pathological examination of a lung lobe resected surgically for bronchial carcinoma in 2010. The diagnosis of asbestosis is now rarely made as a result of a substantial decrease in dust exposure over the past decades and mainly because of the interdiction of asbestos use in western countries. Currently, the most frequent thoracic manifestations of asbestos exposure are benign pleural lesions and mesothelioma. It has also become exceptional to have pathological confirmation of the diagnosis, obtained in this woman thanks to the surgical treatment of another complication of her occupational exposure. © 2012 Publíe par Elsevier Masson SAS pour la SPLF., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Elektrofilterski pepeo iz četiri termoelektrane u Srbiji (TE "Morava" - Svilajnac, TE "Kolubara" - Veliki Crljeni, TE "Kostolac" blok B1 i B2 - Kostolac i TE "Nikola Tesla" blok A i B - Obrenovac) upotrebljen je kao polazna komponenta za sintezu portland-cementnog klinkera. Kao druge dve polazne komponente upotrebljeni su krečnjak i kvarcni pesak iz fabrike cementa "Holcim-Srbija, a.d.". Na bazi hemijskog sastava polaznih komponenti, kao i zadatih cementnih modula, izračunato je njihovo učešće u sirovinskim mešavinama. Pripremljeno je šest različitih sirovinskih mešavina - svaka se sastojala iz krečnjaka, peska i različitog elektrofilterskog pepela. Kao referentni materijal korišćena je sirovinska mešavina iz industrijske proizvodnje fabrike cementa "Holcim-Srbija, a.d.". Pripremljene sirovinske mešavine sinterovane su u laboratorijskoj peći na 1400°C. Sintetizovani klinkeri analizirani su u pogledu hemijskog i mineralnog sastava. Karakteristike sintetizovanih klinkera na bazi elektrofilterskog pepela, upoređene su sa karakteristikama industrijskog portland-cementnog klinkera iz fabrike cementa "Holcim-Srbija, a.d.". Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je elektrofiletrski pepeo iz termoelektrana Srbije pogodan za dobijanje portland-cementnog klinkera.