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Nanorobotics is the technology in which tiny machines or robots are created at or close to the microscopic scale of nanometre. They work at the atomic, molecular and cellular level to identify harmful cells and try to quarantine it. It requires specific controls, sensors and actuators. With the advancement of science, it is now possible to experiment with building nanorobotic systems and interface them with the larger environment for control. There are innumerable examples of these machines in nature, and it is possible to create more by copying nature. We will be able to treat many ailments quickly once we have access to nanorobotics. Their first useful application was in medicine to identify and destroy cancer cells. In dentistry nanorobotics can be used for cavity preparation, oral prophylaxis, drug delivery, root canal treatment, hypersensitivity, also. Thus, in the nearby future we can expect variety of application of nanorobots and the changing face of dentistry.

Nanorobotics is the technology in which tiny machines or robots are created at or close to the microscopic scale of nanometre. They work at the atomic, molecular and cellular level to identify harmful cells and try to quarantine it. It requires specific controls, sensors and actuators. With the advancement of science, it is now possible to experiment with building nanorobotic systems and interface them with the larger environment for control. There are innumerable examples of these machines in nature, and it is possible to create more by copying nature. We will be able to treat many ailments quickly once we have access to nanorobotics. Their first useful application was in medicine to identify and destroy cancer cells. In dentistry nanorobotics can be used for cavity preparation, oral prophylaxis, drug delivery, root canal treatment, hypersensitivity, also. Thus, in the nearby future we can expect variety of application of nanorobots and the changing face of dentistry.

Microscopic colitis is a pathology that gathers several signs and symptoms that complicate the patient's well-being, it is mainly characterized by the presence of chronic watery diarrhea, it is accompanied by normal colon mucosa, being relevant alterations at histological level, for which it is attributed this name. It is classified into two types, lymphocytic colitis (LC) and collagenous colitis (CC). Currently, the incidence of the pathology has been increasing, attributing to certain risk factors for the presence of the same, such as female sex, advanced age and even autoimmune diseases. The etiology of microscopic colitis is not so clear, however, it is attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. Its diagnosis of excellence is histological, evidencing the alterations according to the type of microscopic colitis, whether CL or CC. Management includes symptomatic treatment, in addition to eliminating the causative agent if it exists. Many studies point out that Budesonide is highly effective in this pathology., La colitis microscópica es aquella patología que reúne diversos signos y síntomas que complican el bienestar del paciente, la misma se caracteriza principalmente por la presencia de diarrea acuosa de tipo crónica, está acompañada de mucosa del colon normal, siendo relevantes alteraciones a nivel histológico, por lo cual es atribuido dicho nombre. La misma se clasifica en dos tipos, colitis linfocítica (CL) y colitis colágena (CC). Actualmente la incidencia de la patología ha ido en aumento, atribuyendo a ciertos factores de riesgo para la presencia de la misma, tales como el sexo femenino, la edad avanzada e incluso enfermedades autoinmunes. La etiología de la colitis microscópica no esta tan evidenciada, sin embargo, se les atribuye a factores tanto genéticos como ambientales. Su diagnóstico de excelencia es de tipo histológico, evidenciando las alteraciones según el tipo de colitis microscópica, sea CL o CC. Dentro del manejo se encuentra el tratamiento sintomático, además de eliminar el agente causal si existe, muchos estudios apuntan a que la Budesónida es de alta efectividad en esta patología. antimicrobianos.

Microscopic colitis is a pathology that gathers several signs and symptoms that complicate the patient's well-being, it is mainly characterized by the presence of chronic watery diarrhea, it is accompanied by normal colon mucosa, being relevant alterations at histological level, for which it is attributed this name. It is classified into two types, lymphocytic colitis (LC) and collagenous colitis (CC). Currently, the incidence of the pathology has been increasing, attributing to certain risk factors for the presence of the same, such as female sex, advanced age and even autoimmune diseases. The etiology of microscopic colitis is not so clear, however, it is attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. Its diagnosis of excellence is histological, evidencing the alterations according to the type of microscopic colitis, whether CL or CC. Management includes symptomatic treatment, in addition to eliminating the causative agent if it exists. Many studies point out that Budesonide is highly effective in this pathology., La colitis microscópica es aquella patología que reúne diversos signos y síntomas que complican el bienestar del paciente, la misma se caracteriza principalmente por la presencia de diarrea acuosa de tipo crónica, está acompañada de mucosa del colon normal, siendo relevantes alteraciones a nivel histológico, por lo cual es atribuido dicho nombre. La misma se clasifica en dos tipos, colitis linfocítica (CL) y colitis colágena (CC). Actualmente la incidencia de la patología ha ido en aumento, atribuyendo a ciertos factores de riesgo para la presencia de la misma, tales como el sexo femenino, la edad avanzada e incluso enfermedades autoinmunes. La etiología de la colitis microscópica no esta tan evidenciada, sin embargo, se les atribuye a factores tanto genéticos como ambientales. Su diagnóstico de excelencia es de tipo histológico, evidenciando las alteraciones según el tipo de colitis microscópica, sea CL o CC. Dentro del manejo se encuentra el tratamiento sintomático, además de eliminar el agente causal si existe, muchos estudios apuntan a que la Budesónida es de alta efectividad en esta patología. antimicrobianos.

Microscopic colitis is a pathology that gathers several signs and symptoms that complicate the patient's well-being, it is mainly characterized by the presence of chronic watery diarrhea, it is accompanied by normal colon mucosa, being relevant alterations at histological level, for which it is attributed this name. It is classified into two types, lymphocytic colitis (LC) and collagenous colitis (CC). Currently, the incidence of the pathology has been increasing, attributing to certain risk factors for the presence of the same, such as female sex, advanced age and even autoimmune diseases. The etiology of microscopic colitis is not so clear, however, it is attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. Its diagnosis of excellence is histological, evidencing the alterations according to the type of microscopic colitis, whether CL or CC. Management includes symptomatic treatment, in addition to eliminating the causative agent if it exists. Many studies point out that Budesonide is highly effective in this pathology., La colitis microscópica es aquella patología que reúne diversos signos y síntomas que complican el bienestar del paciente, la misma se caracteriza principalmente por la presencia de diarrea acuosa de tipo crónica, está acompañada de mucosa del colon normal, siendo relevantes alteraciones a nivel histológico, por lo cual es atribuido dicho nombre. La misma se clasifica en dos tipos, colitis linfocítica (CL) y colitis colágena (CC). Actualmente la incidencia de la patología ha ido en aumento, atribuyendo a ciertos factores de riesgo para la presencia de la misma, tales como el sexo femenino, la edad avanzada e incluso enfermedades autoinmunes. La etiología de la colitis microscópica no esta tan evidenciada, sin embargo, se les atribuye a factores tanto genéticos como ambientales. Su diagnóstico de excelencia es de tipo histológico, evidenciando las alteraciones según el tipo de colitis microscópica, sea CL o CC. Dentro del manejo se encuentra el tratamiento sintomático, además de eliminar el agente causal si existe, muchos estudios apuntan a que la Budesónida es de alta efectividad en esta patología. antimicrobianos.

Microscopic colitis is a pathology that gathers several signs and symptoms that complicate the patient's well-being, it is mainly characterized by the presence of chronic watery diarrhea, it is accompanied by normal colon mucosa, being relevant alterations at histological level, for which it is attributed this name. It is classified into two types, lymphocytic colitis (LC) and collagenous colitis (CC). Currently, the incidence of the pathology has been increasing, attributing to certain risk factors for the presence of the same, such as female sex, advanced age and even autoimmune diseases. The etiology of microscopic colitis is not so clear, however, it is attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. Its diagnosis of excellence is histological, evidencing the alterations according to the type of microscopic colitis, whether CL or CC. Management includes symptomatic treatment, in addition to eliminating the causative agent if it exists. Many studies point out that Budesonide is highly effective in this pathology., La colitis microscópica es aquella patología que reúne diversos signos y síntomas que complican el bienestar del paciente, la misma se caracteriza principalmente por la presencia de diarrea acuosa de tipo crónica, está acompañada de mucosa del colon normal, siendo relevantes alteraciones a nivel histológico, por lo cual es atribuido dicho nombre. La misma se clasifica en dos tipos, colitis linfocítica (CL) y colitis colágena (CC). Actualmente la incidencia de la patología ha ido en aumento, atribuyendo a ciertos factores de riesgo para la presencia de la misma, tales como el sexo femenino, la edad avanzada e incluso enfermedades autoinmunes. La etiología de la colitis microscópica no esta tan evidenciada, sin embargo, se les atribuye a factores tanto genéticos como ambientales. Su diagnóstico de excelencia es de tipo histológico, evidenciando las alteraciones según el tipo de colitis microscópica, sea CL o CC. Dentro del manejo se encuentra el tratamiento sintomático, además de eliminar el agente causal si existe, muchos estudios apuntan a que la Budesónida es de alta efectividad en esta patología. antimicrobianos.

Nanorobotics is the technology in which tiny machines or robots are created at or close to the microscopic scale of nanometre. They work at the atomic, molecular and cellular level to identify harmful cells and try to quarantine it. It requires specific controls, sensors and actuators. With the advancement of science, it is now possible to experiment with building nanorobotic systems and interface them with the larger environment for control. There are innumerable examples of these machines in nature, and it is possible to create more by copying nature. We will be able to treat many ailments quickly once we have access to nanorobotics. Their first useful application was in medicine to identify and destroy cancer cells. In dentistry nanorobotics can be used for cavity preparation, oral prophylaxis, drug delivery, root canal treatment, hypersensitivity, also. Thus, in the nearby future we can expect variety of application of nanorobots and the changing face of dentistry.

Nanorobotics is the technology in which tiny machines or robots are created at or close to the microscopic scale of nanometre. They work at the atomic, molecular and cellular level to identify harmful cells and try to quarantine it. It requires specific controls, sensors and actuators. With the advancement of science, it is now possible to experiment with building nanorobotic systems and interface them with the larger environment for control. There are innumerable examples of these machines in nature, and it is possible to create more by copying nature. We will be able to treat many ailments quickly once we have access to nanorobotics. Their first useful application was in medicine to identify and destroy cancer cells. In dentistry nanorobotics can be used for cavity preparation, oral prophylaxis, drug delivery, root canal treatment, hypersensitivity, also. Thus, in the nearby future we can expect variety of application of nanorobots and the changing face of dentistry.

Nanorobotics is the technology in which tiny machines or robots are created at or close to the microscopic scale of nanometre. They work at the atomic, molecular and cellular level to identify harmful cells and try to quarantine it. It requires specific controls, sensors and actuators. With the advancement of science, it is now possible to experiment with building nanorobotic systems and interface them with the larger environment for control. There are innumerable examples of these machines in nature, and it is possible to create more by copying nature. We will be able to treat many ailments quickly once we have access to nanorobotics. Their first useful application was in medicine to identify and destroy cancer cells. In dentistry nanorobotics can be used for cavity preparation, oral prophylaxis, drug delivery, root canal treatment, hypersensitivity, also. Thus, in the nearby future we can expect variety of application of nanorobots and the changing face of dentistry.

QC 20231004

QC 20231004

QC 20231004

Microscopic colitis is a pathology that gathers several signs and symptoms that complicate the patient's well-being, it is mainly characterized by the presence of chronic watery diarrhea, it is accompanied by normal colon mucosa, being relevant alterations at histological level, for which it is attributed this name. It is classified into two types, lymphocytic colitis (LC) and collagenous colitis (CC). Currently, the incidence of the pathology has been increasing, attributing to certain risk factors for the presence of the same, such as female sex, advanced age and even autoimmune diseases. The etiology of microscopic colitis is not so clear, however, it is attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. Its diagnosis of excellence is histological, evidencing the alterations according to the type of microscopic colitis, whether CL or CC. Management includes symptomatic treatment, in addition to eliminating the causative agent if it exists. Many studies point out that Budesonide is highly effective in this pathology., La colitis microscópica es aquella patología que reúne diversos signos y síntomas que complican el bienestar del paciente, la misma se caracteriza principalmente por la presencia de diarrea acuosa de tipo crónica, está acompañada de mucosa del colon normal, siendo relevantes alteraciones a nivel histológico, por lo cual es atribuido dicho nombre. La misma se clasifica en dos tipos, colitis linfocítica (CL) y colitis colágena (CC). Actualmente la incidencia de la patología ha ido en aumento, atribuyendo a ciertos factores de riesgo para la presencia de la misma, tales como el sexo femenino, la edad avanzada e incluso enfermedades autoinmunes. La etiología de la colitis microscópica no esta tan evidenciada, sin embargo, se les atribuye a factores tanto genéticos como ambientales. Su diagnóstico de excelencia es de tipo histológico, evidenciando las alteraciones según el tipo de colitis microscópica, sea CL o CC. Dentro del manejo se encuentra el tratamiento sintomático, además de eliminar el agente causal si existe, muchos estudios apuntan a que la Budesónida es de alta efectividad en esta patología. antimicrobianos.

Microscopic investigation, Ej belagd 220323, Kompetens- och teknikspridning om kalla magneter för tillgång till en breddad internationell marknad

In Sweden and other countries it is not an uncommon practice that freight trains depart more or less on-demand instead of strictly following a pre-planned timetable. However, the systematic effects of freight trains departing late or (in particular) early has long been a contested issue. Although some microscopic simulation tools currently have the capability to evaluate the effect of freight trains departing before schedule, it has yet not been established how macroscopic simulation tools, capable of fast simulation of nation-wide networks, can manage such tasks. This paper uses a case study on a line between two large freight yards in Sweden to investigate how the results of microscopic and macroscopic simulation, represented by two modern simulation tools, differ when it comes to this particular problem. The main findings are that both the microscopic and the macroscopic tools replicated the empirical punctuality fairly well. Furthermore, allowing early departures of freight trains increased overall freight train punctuality while the passenger train punctuality decreased slightly, as determined by both tools. The results are encouraging, but further studies are needed to determine if macroscopic simulation is on-par with microscopic simulation., QC 20220328

Microscopic investigation, Ej belagd 220323, Kompetens- och teknikspridning om kalla magneter för tillgång till en breddad internationell marknad

Microscopic investigation, Ej belagd 220323, Kompetens- och teknikspridning om kalla magneter för tillgång till en breddad internationell marknad

Microscopic investigation, Ej belagd 220323, Kompetens- och teknikspridning om kalla magneter för tillgång till en breddad internationell marknad

Microscopic investigation, Ej belagd 220323, Kompetens- och teknikspridning om kalla magneter för tillgång till en breddad internationell marknad

Automated Vehicles (AVs) are one of the most promising and intensively studied research topics within engineering and beyond. The race to develop the first full “self-driving” vehicle has started a decade ago and will continue in the future. From the traditional automotive industry and other technological companies that mingled in the race, which further intensified the research. One of the main concerns when implement autonomous vehicles is to guarantee the safety of road users, therefore ethical issues arise that have not been solved. For the safe implementation of AVs, validation of the new Automated Driving (AD) functions should be fully covered and tested to their limits. While the traditional test experiments are not suitable anymore to cover all the traffic scenarios and corner cases. The demand for alternative assessments that fill the existing gaps is increasing, the virtual assessment might be a solution. In this report, we will propose a holistic methodology that can validate Traffic Quantification Metrics (TQM) to measure the effect of AVs on the traffic space in a virtual assessment. We will implement the methodology on a set of TQM that are used in literature. The goal is to validate the effectiveness of TQM that can be used within the virtual assessment and then quantify the impact AVs have on the traffic. For verification of the methodology, a real-world human driven data set has been collected and aligned with the implemented simulation model. While in general, quantifying traffic with a data-driven approach, looses the qualitative prop- erties. The methodology has proven to successfully validate the TQM and shows significant change in the traffic space when AVs are implemented. While there are many more challenges ahead, this holistic framework is a step for quantification and acceptance of virtual test as- sessments. Hence, it is a recurring topic and essential for the implementation of “self-driving” vehicles., Automated driving and validation of simulations, Mechanical Engineering

In Sweden and other countries it is not an uncommon practice that freight trains depart more or less on-demand instead of strictly following a pre-planned timetable. However, the systematic effects of freight trains departing late or (in particular) early has long been a contested issue. Although some microscopic simulation tools currently have the capability to evaluate the effect of freight trains departing before schedule, it has yet not been established how macroscopic simulation tools, capable of fast simulation of nation-wide networks, can manage such tasks. This paper uses a case study on a line between two large freight yards in Sweden to investigate how the results of microscopic and macroscopic simulation, represented by two modern simulation tools, differ when it comes to this particular problem. The main findings are that both the microscopic and the macroscopic tools replicated the empirical punctuality fairly well. Furthermore, allowing early departures of freight trains increased overall freight train punctuality while the passenger train punctuality decreased slightly, as determined by both tools. The results are encouraging, but further studies are needed to determine if macroscopic simulation is on-par with microscopic simulation.

In digital image processing and computer vision, image segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple image segments. More precisely, it’s the process of assigning a label to every pixel in an image so that pixels with the same label share certain characteristics. Image segmentation is an important step in almost any medical image study. Segments are used in images from microscopes that show us different types of cells and these cells contain hundreds of organelles and macromolecular assemblies. Cell Segmentation is the task of splitting a microscopic image domain into lots of different segments, which represent individual instances of cells, however, this requires enormous time for domain experts to label manually and thus the need for AI-Assisted annotation of medical Images. Our project will aid the annotators in receiving images quickly and easily through our web application and performing the predictions on these images.

Microscopic investigation, Ej belagd 220323, Kompetens- och teknikspridning om kalla magneter för tillgång till en breddad internationell marknad

Current lane-based microscopic traffic simulators combine car-following and lane changing logic to describe the (often discrete) lateral vehicle motion on multi-lane road segments. However, the simulated lateral trajectories are physically unplausible and inside-lane behavior such as lane-keeping and curve negotiation cannot be modelled. In this work, we integrate lateral vehicle dynamics and yaw motion into a traffic simulation framework, aiming to describe lateral motion and vehicle interactions with more precision. The resulting framework consists of two coupled layers, an upper tactical level that plans maneuvers such as lane-changing; and a lower operational layer with a control module (steering and acceleration control) that operates in a closed loop with the bicycle model of vehicle dynamics. The feedback mechanism between the layers allows for dynamic trajectory re-planning. Unlike the microscopic traffic models, the proposed framework accounts for lateral vehicle dynamics and yaw motion; provides additional variables such as vehicle heading and front wheel steering angle; and is hence termed as submicroscopic. Case study results demonstrate the power of the framework to include lateral maneuvers such as curve negotiation, corrective steering, lane change abortion and fragmented lane changing. The framework was operationalized to model multi-lane traffic flow consisting of human-driven vehicles. At the macroscopic level, the traffic flow simulation can reproduce phenomena such as capacity drop. Thus the framework preserves the properties of the component models and at the same time describe the continuous 2-D planar movement of vehicles., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Transport and Planning, Intelligent Vehicles

In the present thesis, the interaction between atoms in superposition states and attosecond pulses is studied from the microscopic to the macroscopic regime. Using a semi-classical framework, three different models have been explored in order to investigate attosecond light--matter interaction processes. The first model is a microscopic, single-atom model. Through using this model, the absorption and the radiation of an external attosecond pulse was studied for several atomic superposition states and pulse energies. The second model was composed by two coupled atoms, where the interaction was described by either dipole-dipole or radiation interaction. The model was validated by simulating the Förster resonant phenomena. In addition, this model was used to determine the behaviour of the interactions with respect to separation distance and the initial states of the atoms. It was found that dipole-dipole interaction is dominant in the near field, whilst radiation interaction is dominant in the far field. Additionally, it was found that superpositions with high principal quantum numbers increase the strength of the dipole-dipole interaction but not the radiation interaction. The simulated results have been validated, in the short-time regime, using perturbation theory. The last model investigated in this thesis is a macroscopic many-atom model. It was implemented in order to simulate the propagation of an attosecond pulse through a large sample of atoms. Utilising this model, collective effects of many-atom systems were studied. It was found that a macroscopic sample emits collimated radiation and that dissipation of pulse energy in a macroscopic sample retains the behaviour of radiation produced by a single atom but that it is deformed by the propagation through the sample. The models explored in this thesis can be used in the study of light-matter interaction on the attosecond timescale with inter-atomic interactions and collective effects. The work presented here can

Mean-field models describe bulk neural activity in terms of population-average action potential (spike) rates, but do not attempt to address the variations in the firing activity of individual neurons and the interactions among them. In 2016, Waikato Cortical Modelling group published a purely theoretical model [Steyn-Ross et al, Phys. Rev. E 93.2 (2016): 022402] that provides a more accurate mapping of spiking dynamics, scaling from single neuron to the macroscopic level by regridding the system using a spatial blocking: a bottom-up neural regridding referred to as True-field. A 2D continuum of identical neurons is constructed from a lattice of spiking neurons that are coupled both synaptically (via chemical synapses) and diffusively (via electrical synapses). The spiking behaviour at the single-neuron level is modelled using the Wilson point neuron equations, steered by incoming electrical impulses from adjacent neurons. These equations are then reblocked to form a coarser-spatial resolution by eliminating the high-frequency spatial modes. The existence of diffusive terms in voltage and recovery equations is crucial for this spatial coarse-graining procedure. The purpose of this thesis is to conduct a preliminary analysis of the True-field model, which has never been tested in simulations before. The coarse-graining procedure employed in this framework results in a set of nonlinear corrections in the model equations. My first challenge is to recover those corrections and conduct numerical investigations to identify the most significant ones. My next challenge is to tune parameters of the True-field model via a comprehensive series of simulations, looking for “realistic” cortical behaviours. Two approaches are used: point simulations of the homogeneous two-neuron cortex, and full 2D grid simulations of a sheet of cortical tissue. Point simulations are straightforward and time efficient but do not provide any information about spatial variations in firing activity

Mean-field models describe bulk neural activity in terms of population-average action potential (spike) rates, but do not attempt to address the variations in the firing activity of individual neurons and the interactions among them. In 2016, Waikato Cortical Modelling group published a purely theoretical model [Steyn-Ross et al, Phys. Rev. E 93.2 (2016): 022402] that provides a more accurate mapping of spiking dynamics, scaling from single neuron to the macroscopic level by regridding the system using a spatial blocking: a bottom-up neural regridding referred to as True-field. A 2D continuum of identical neurons is constructed from a lattice of spiking neurons that are coupled both synaptically (via chemical synapses) and diffusively (via electrical synapses). The spiking behaviour at the single-neuron level is modelled using the Wilson point neuron equations, steered by incoming electrical impulses from adjacent neurons. These equations are then reblocked to form a coarser-spatial resolution by eliminating the high-frequency spatial modes. The existence of diffusive terms in voltage and recovery equations is crucial for this spatial coarse-graining procedure. The purpose of this thesis is to conduct a preliminary analysis of the True-field model, which has never been tested in simulations before. The coarse-graining procedure employed in this framework results in a set of nonlinear corrections in the model equations. My first challenge is to recover those corrections and conduct numerical investigations to identify the most significant ones. My next challenge is to tune parameters of the True-field model via a comprehensive series of simulations, looking for “realistic” cortical behaviours. Two approaches are used: point simulations of the homogeneous two-neuron cortex, and full 2D grid simulations of a sheet of cortical tissue. Point simulations are straightforward and time efficient but do not provide any information about spatial variations in firing activity

Currently in the process of engineering, but increasingly implemented simulation methods since they are an economical and feasible to predict the behavior of some variable you wish to benefit. The problem of fluid simulation is a broad field of study, traditionally in this area are implemented domain discretization methods, volumes, differences or finite elements (Computational Fluid Dynamics), in this work, a different approach where the discretization is made on the physical properties of fluid and the fluid for reconstruction from its microscopic properties, simulating these, propagating Boltzmann distribution functions for the grid of nodes, this set is comprised of a fluid group of nodes, nodes fluid the border and nodes structure, docked the method to the boundary conditions necessary to simulate Glycerol in a pipe. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

In the present thesis, the interaction between atoms in superposition states and attosecond pulses is studied from the microscopic to the macroscopic regime. Using a semi-classical framework, three different models have been explored in order to investigate attosecond light--matter interaction processes. The first model is a microscopic, single-atom model. Through using this model, the absorption and the radiation of an external attosecond pulse was studied for several atomic superposition states and pulse energies. The second model was composed by two coupled atoms, where the interaction was described by either dipole-dipole or radiation interaction. The model was validated by simulating the Förster resonant phenomena. In addition, this model was used to determine the behaviour of the interactions with respect to separation distance and the initial states of the atoms. It was found that dipole-dipole interaction is dominant in the near field, whilst radiation interaction is dominant in the far field. Additionally, it was found that superpositions with high principal quantum numbers increase the strength of the dipole-dipole interaction but not the radiation interaction. The simulated results have been validated, in the short-time regime, using perturbation theory. The last model investigated in this thesis is a macroscopic many-atom model. It was implemented in order to simulate the propagation of an attosecond pulse through a large sample of atoms. Utilising this model, collective effects of many-atom systems were studied. It was found that a macroscopic sample emits collimated radiation and that dissipation of pulse energy in a macroscopic sample retains the behaviour of radiation produced by a single atom but that it is deformed by the propagation through the sample. The models explored in this thesis can be used in the study of light-matter interaction on the attosecond timescale with inter-atomic interactions and collective effects. The work presented here can

Current lane-based microscopic traffic simulators combine car-following and lane changing logic to describe the (often discrete) lateral vehicle motion on multi-lane road segments. However, the simulated lateral trajectories are physically unplausible and inside-lane behavior such as lane-keeping and curve negotiation cannot be modelled. In this work, we integrate lateral vehicle dynamics and yaw motion into a traffic simulation framework, aiming to describe lateral motion and vehicle interactions with more precision. The resulting framework consists of two coupled layers, an upper tactical level that plans maneuvers such as lane-changing; and a lower operational layer with a control module (steering and acceleration control) that operates in a closed loop with the bicycle model of vehicle dynamics. The feedback mechanism between the layers allows for dynamic trajectory re-planning. Unlike the microscopic traffic models, the proposed framework accounts for lateral vehicle dynamics and yaw motion; provides additional variables such as vehicle heading and front wheel steering angle; and is hence termed as submicroscopic. Case study results demonstrate the power of the framework to include lateral maneuvers such as curve negotiation, corrective steering, lane change abortion and fragmented lane changing. The framework was operationalized to model multi-lane traffic flow consisting of human-driven vehicles. At the macroscopic level, the traffic flow simulation can reproduce phenomena such as capacity drop. Thus the framework preserves the properties of the component models and at the same time describe the continuous 2-D planar movement of vehicles., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Transport and Planning, Intelligent Vehicles

[EN] The interaction between gum rosin and gum rosin derivatives with Mater-Bi type bioplastic, a biodegradable and compostable commercial bioplastic, were studied. Gum rosin and two pentaerythritol esters of gum rosin (Lurefor 125 resin and Unik Tack P100 resin) were assessed as sustainable compatibilizers for the components of Mater-Bi® NF 866 polymeric matrix. To study the influence of each additive in the polymeric matrix, each gum rosin-based additive was compounded in 15 wt % by melt-extrusion and further injection molding process. Then, the mechanical properties were assessed, and the tensile properties and impact resistance were determined. Microscopic analyses were carried out by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and atomic force microscopy with nanomechanical assessment (AFM-QNM). The oxygen barrier and wettability properties were also assayed. The study revealed that the commercial thermoplastic starch is mainly composed of three phases: A polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) phase, an amorphous phase of thermoplastic starch (TPSa), and a semi-crystalline phase of thermoplastic starch (TPSc). The poor miscibility among the components of the Mater-Bi type bioplastic was confirmed. Finally, the formulations with the gum rosin and its derivatives showed an improvement of the miscibility and the solubility of the components depending on the additive used

Bicycles are one of the most efficient way to travel within short-distance trips due to its relatively low maintenance and operation costs (Gao, Liu, & Feng, 2012). Besides to their efficiency, bicycles provide more flexibility for their parking and its ease of use. With the increasing transportation demand in major cities, transportation authorities will encourage to use the bicycle more. However, accommodating bicycles would require physical road geometry modifications such as introducing dedicated bicycle-lanes. Cycling appears to be a sustainable form of transportation across virous countries in Europe, as a result the authorities are planning and implementing upgrades to make the transportation system safer, convenient and sustainable which is necessary to encourage more people to use bicycles as a form of transportation. This thesis is a case study which examines current traffic conditions on a bus stop at Långholmsgatan in the city of Stockholm, Sweden and evaluates the effects of different designs for bicycles and buses. At this bus stop in Långholmsgatan, the bicycle lane is located to the right of the traffic road and to the left of the bus stop in the upstream direction. Buses need to cross the bicycle lane in order to arrive and departure the bus stop. Consequently, a conflict will also be created between bicycles and buses that are crossing the bicycle lane. In this thesis, an alternative design is evaluated in which buses and bicycles are separated from each other. However, this will result in a new conflict between bicycles and pedestrians. These two designs are evaluated in terms of travel time and delay and the analysis was done using micro-simulation software VISSIM. The study shows that the current design at the bus stop of Långholmsgatan should be preferred over the alternative design when considering travel time and delay for bicycles. If buses should be considered, the alternative design should be preferred over the current design.

Bicycles are one of the most efficient way to travel within short-distance trips due to its relatively low maintenance and operation costs (Gao, Liu, & Feng, 2012). Besides to their efficiency, bicycles provide more flexibility for their parking and its ease of use. With the increasing transportation demand in major cities, transportation authorities will encourage to use the bicycle more. However, accommodating bicycles would require physical road geometry modifications such as introducing dedicated bicycle-lanes. Cycling appears to be a sustainable form of transportation across virous countries in Europe, as a result the authorities are planning and implementing upgrades to make the transportation system safer, convenient and sustainable which is necessary to encourage more people to use bicycles as a form of transportation. This thesis is a case study which examines current traffic conditions on a bus stop at Långholmsgatan in the city of Stockholm, Sweden and evaluates the effects of different designs for bicycles and buses. At this bus stop in Långholmsgatan, the bicycle lane is located to the right of the traffic road and to the left of the bus stop in the upstream direction. Buses need to cross the bicycle lane in order to arrive and departure the bus stop. Consequently, a conflict will also be created between bicycles and buses that are crossing the bicycle lane. In this thesis, an alternative design is evaluated in which buses and bicycles are separated from each other. However, this will result in a new conflict between bicycles and pedestrians. These two designs are evaluated in terms of travel time and delay and the analysis was done using micro-simulation software VISSIM. The study shows that the current design at the bus stop of Långholmsgatan should be preferred over the alternative design when considering travel time and delay for bicycles. If buses should be considered, the alternative design should be preferred over the current design.

© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V., This paper proposes an integrated framework for timetable design that meets the needs of service planners, who usually adopt a purely macroscopic point of view toward the demand requirements and conflicts that these timetables may cause at stations due to their particular configurations and structures. Service planners may not take these aspects into account, which require a microscopic analysis of the structure of the stations, considering possible conflicts at platforms and/or internal junctions. To this end, the proposed integrated model guarantees feasible timetables while balancing performance indexes for the interests of passengers and operators. Specified bounds are maintained for the differences between service planners optimal timetables and those that are operational at stations. The resulting problem is modeled as a multi-objective Mixed Integer Linear Programming problem. The model can be solved with sufficient accuracy and in a reasonable amount of computing time, as shown by tests on the Madrid-Zaragoza-Barcelona high speed railway network. In this case, we perform a Pareto frontier analysis and find that the problem is well-posed. In addition, the previous model forms the basis of a heuristic procedure for obtaining timetables that avoid, as much as possible, conflicts and concentrations of arrivals/departures at/from stations, thus allowing for improved timetable recoverability and robustness in case of unexpected disruptions., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

This work proposes PageRank as a tool to evaluate and optimize the global performance of a swarm based on the analysis of the local behavior of a single robot. PageRank is a graph centrality measure that assesses the importance of nodes based on how likely they are to be reached when traversing a graph. We relate this, using a microscopic model, to a random robot in a swarm that transitions through local states by executing local actions. The PageRank centrality then becomes a measure of how likely it is, given a local policy, for a robot in the swarm to visit each local state. This is used to optimize a stochastic policy such that the robot is most likely to reach the local states that are “desirable,” based on the swarm’s global goal. The optimization is performed by an evolutionary algorithm, whereby the fitness function maximizes the PageRank score of these local states. The calculation of the PageRank score only scales with the size of the local state space and demands much less computation than swarm simulations would. The approach is applied to a consensus task, a pattern formation task, and an aggregation task. For each task, when all robots in the swarm execute the evolved policy, the swarm significantly outperforms a swarm that uses the baseline policy. When compared to globally optimized policies, the final performance achieved by the swarm is also shown to be comparable. As this new approach is based on a local model, it natively produces controllers that are flexible and robust to global parameters such as the number of robots in the swarm, the environment, and the initial conditions. Furthermore, as the wall-clock time to evaluate the fitness function does not scale with the size of the swarm, it is possible to optimize for larger swarms at no additional computational expense., Control & Simulation, Space Systems Egineering, Space Engineering

This work proposes PageRank as a tool to evaluate and optimize the global performance of a swarm based on the analysis of the local behavior of a single robot. PageRank is a graph centrality measure that assesses the importance of nodes based on how likely they are to be reached when traversing a graph. We relate this, using a microscopic model, to a random robot in a swarm that transitions through local states by executing local actions. The PageRank centrality then becomes a measure of how likely it is, given a local policy, for a robot in the swarm to visit each local state. This is used to optimize a stochastic policy such that the robot is most likely to reach the local states that are “desirable,” based on the swarm’s global goal. The optimization is performed by an evolutionary algorithm, whereby the fitness function maximizes the PageRank score of these local states. The calculation of the PageRank score only scales with the size of the local state space and demands much less computation than swarm simulations would. The approach is applied to a consensus task, a pattern formation task, and an aggregation task. For each task, when all robots in the swarm execute the evolved policy, the swarm significantly outperforms a swarm that uses the baseline policy. When compared to globally optimized policies, the final performance achieved by the swarm is also shown to be comparable. As this new approach is based on a local model, it natively produces controllers that are flexible and robust to global parameters such as the number of robots in the swarm, the environment, and the initial conditions. Furthermore, as the wall-clock time to evaluate the fitness function does not scale with the size of the swarm, it is possible to optimize for larger swarms at no additional computational expense., Control & Simulation, Space Systems Egineering, Space Engineering

Pb-Based piezoelectric materials such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O3have been the mainstay for electromechanical devices; however, they encounter the challenge of sustainable environmental development, which requires Pb-free piezoelectric counterparts. The foremost obstacles in developing Pb-free piezoceramics are their low piezoresponse and inferior temperature stability. In this work, we reported Mn-modified «00l»c-textured (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramics to achieve thermally stable piezoelectric properties and enhanced fatigue resistance in conjunction with high piezoelectricity of d33∼ 560 pC/N. The in situ d33measurement reveals that the temperature stability of the small signal d33is mainly dependent on temperature-induced phase transition. However, the local piezoresponse force microscopy measurements imply that the excellent temperature stability of the large signal d33∗ (field-induced strain) benefits from the stable domain response to applied electric field at elevated temperatures. Moreover, the good fatigue resistance is proposed to be associated with the decreased defect concentration by Mn doping, based on the analyses of dielectric loss, leakage current, and thermally stimulated depolarization current.

Pb-Based piezoelectric materials such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O3have been the mainstay for electromechanical devices; however, they encounter the challenge of sustainable environmental development, which requires Pb-free piezoelectric counterparts. The foremost obstacles in developing Pb-free piezoceramics are their low piezoresponse and inferior temperature stability. In this work, we reported Mn-modified «00l»c-textured (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramics to achieve thermally stable piezoelectric properties and enhanced fatigue resistance in conjunction with high piezoelectricity of d33∼ 560 pC/N. The in situ d33measurement reveals that the temperature stability of the small signal d33is mainly dependent on temperature-induced phase transition. However, the local piezoresponse force microscopy measurements imply that the excellent temperature stability of the large signal d33∗ (field-induced strain) benefits from the stable domain response to applied electric field at elevated temperatures. Moreover, the good fatigue resistance is proposed to be associated with the decreased defect concentration by Mn doping, based on the analyses of dielectric loss, leakage current, and thermally stimulated depolarization current.

We present a multi-scale approach of tumor modeling in order to predict its evolution during radiotherapy. Within this context we focus on three different scales of tumor modeling: microscopic (individual cells in a voxel), mesoscopic (population of cells in a voxel) and macroscopic (whole tumor), with transition interfaces between these three scales. At the cellular level, the description is based on phase transfer probabilities in the cellular cycle. At the mesoscopic scale we represent populations of cells according to different stages in a cell cycle. Finally, at the macroscopic scale, the tumor description is based on the use of FDG PET image voxels. These three scales exist naturally: biological data are collected at the macroscopic scale, but the pathological behavior of the tumor is based on an abnormal cell-cycle at the microscopic scale. On the other hand, the introduction of a mesoscopic scale is essential in order to reduce the gap between the two extreme, in terms of resolution, description levels. It also reduces the computational burden of simulating a large number of individual cells. As an application of the proposed multi-scale model, we simulate the effect of oxygen on tumor evolution during radiotherapy. Two consecutive FDG PET images of 17 rectal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy are used to simulate the tumor evolution during treatment. The simulated results are compared with those obtained on a third FDG PET image acquired two weeks after the beginning of the treatment.

Bangkok is a city where the congestion levels have been a major problem for many years. In 2017, Bangkok was rated the most congested city in Asia, and the second most congested in the world. According to The Expressway Authority of Thailand (EXAT), on-ramp merging is one of the most critical problem that causes congestion on the urban expressways. EXAT have evaluated several merging control strategies through microscopic traffic simulation to find suitable strategies for implementation in real life. However, their simulation studies were all based on the assumption that all motorists strictly follow the traffic rules. This is not the actual case in Bangkok, where the drivers ignore both solid lines and striped areas, as well as utilize the shoulder lane on a regular basis. The aim of this thesis is to investigate if it is possible to include this complex driving behavior in existing microscopic simulation models. A second objective is to identify merging control strategies that can reduce the occurrence and the effects of this driving behavior in order to increase the throughput at an on-ramp area on Sirat Expressway. A model was built in VISSIM and calibrated based on data collected from video recordings. In the study, parameters that are significant for the driving behavior modeling, as well as the difficulties that arise from performing a realistic calibration of the model using video observations and model-specific constraints, are identified. From the video recordings it was discovered that the main problem causing the congestion was a result of the mainline traffic who traversed to the on-ramp. Two merging control strategies were suggested to address this problem: the installment of a center barrier, and successive merging areas. The results confirmed that both actions can improve the traffic situation in terms of reducing the individual travel time. Installing a center barrier was the most efficient option and reduced the travel time by 16.58 % on the mainli

In the vicinity of ramps, drivers make route choices, change lanes and in most cases also adjust their speeds. This can trigger anticipatory behaviour by the surrounding vehicles, which are also reflected in lane changes and/or changes in speed. This phenomenon is called turbulence and is widely recognised by the scientific literature and various design guidelines. However the knowledge about the characteristics of turbulence is limited. This study investigates the microscopic characteristics of driving behaviour around 14 different on-ramps (3), off-ramps (3) and weaving segments (8) in The Netherlands, based on unique empirical trajectory data collected from a video camera mounted underneath a hovering helicopter. The data analysis reveals that lane changes caused by merging and diverging vehicles create most turbulence, that an increase in the amount of traffic results in a higher level of turbulence and that an increase in the available length for merging and diverging results in a lower level of turbulence. The results of this study are useful for improving the road design guidelines and for modelling driving behaviour more realistically., Transport and Planning, Transport and Planning

Bangkok is a city where the congestion levels have been a major problem for many years. In 2017, Bangkok was rated the most congested city in Asia, and the second most congested in the world. According to The Expressway Authority of Thailand (EXAT), on-ramp merging is one of the most critical problem that causes congestion on the urban expressways. EXAT have evaluated several merging control strategies through microscopic traffic simulation to find suitable strategies for implementation in real life. However, their simulation studies were all based on the assumption that all motorists strictly follow the traffic rules. This is not the actual case in Bangkok, where the drivers ignore both solid lines and striped areas, as well as utilize the shoulder lane on a regular basis. The aim of this thesis is to investigate if it is possible to include this complex driving behavior in existing microscopic simulation models. A second objective is to identify merging control strategies that can reduce the occurrence and the effects of this driving behavior in order to increase the throughput at an on-ramp area on Sirat Expressway. A model was built in VISSIM and calibrated based on data collected from video recordings. In the study, parameters that are significant for the driving behavior modeling, as well as the difficulties that arise from performing a realistic calibration of the model using video observations and model-specific constraints, are identified. From the video recordings it was discovered that the main problem causing the congestion was a result of the mainline traffic who traversed to the on-ramp. Two merging control strategies were suggested to address this problem: the installment of a center barrier, and successive merging areas. The results confirmed that both actions can improve the traffic situation in terms of reducing the individual travel time. Installing a center barrier was the most efficient option and reduced the travel time by 16.58 % on the mainli

We present a multi-scale approach of tumor modeling in order to predict its evolution during radiotherapy. Within this context we focus on three different scales of tumor modeling: microscopic (individual cells in a voxel), mesoscopic (population of cells in a voxel) and macroscopic (whole tumor), with transition interfaces between these three scales. At the cellular level, the description is based on phase transfer probabilities in the cellular cycle. At the mesoscopic scale we represent populations of cells according to different stages in a cell cycle. Finally, at the macroscopic scale, the tumor description is based on the use of FDG PET image voxels. These three scales exist naturally: biological data are collected at the macroscopic scale, but the pathological behavior of the tumor is based on an abnormal cell-cycle at the microscopic scale. On the other hand, the introduction of a mesoscopic scale is essential in order to reduce the gap between the two extreme, in terms of resolution, description levels. It also reduces the computational burden of simulating a large number of individual cells. As an application of the proposed multi-scale model, we simulate the effect of oxygen on tumor evolution during radiotherapy. Two consecutive FDG PET images of 17 rectal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy are used to simulate the tumor evolution during treatment. The simulated results are compared with those obtained on a third FDG PET image acquired two weeks after the beginning of the treatment.

In the vicinity of ramps, drivers make route choices, change lanes and in most cases also adjust their speeds. This can trigger anticipatory behaviour by the surrounding vehicles, which are also reflected in lane changes and/or changes in speed. This phenomenon is called turbulence and is widely recognised by the scientific literature and various design guidelines. However the knowledge about the characteristics of turbulence is limited. This study investigates the microscopic characteristics of driving behaviour around 14 different on-ramps (3), off-ramps (3) and weaving segments (8) in The Netherlands, based on unique empirical trajectory data collected from a video camera mounted underneath a hovering helicopter. The data analysis reveals that lane changes caused by merging and diverging vehicles create most turbulence, that an increase in the amount of traffic results in a higher level of turbulence and that an increase in the available length for merging and diverging results in a lower level of turbulence. The results of this study are useful for improving the road design guidelines and for modelling driving behaviour more realistically., Transport and Planning, Transport and Planning

Pb-Based piezoelectric materials such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O3have been the mainstay for electromechanical devices; however, they encounter the challenge of sustainable environmental development, which requires Pb-free piezoelectric counterparts. The foremost obstacles in developing Pb-free piezoceramics are their low piezoresponse and inferior temperature stability. In this work, we reported Mn-modified «00l»c-textured (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramics to achieve thermally stable piezoelectric properties and enhanced fatigue resistance in conjunction with high piezoelectricity of d33∼ 560 pC/N. The in situ d33measurement reveals that the temperature stability of the small signal d33is mainly dependent on temperature-induced phase transition. However, the local piezoresponse force microscopy measurements imply that the excellent temperature stability of the large signal d33∗ (field-induced strain) benefits from the stable domain response to applied electric field at elevated temperatures. Moreover, the good fatigue resistance is proposed to be associated with the decreased defect concentration by Mn doping, based on the analyses of dielectric loss, leakage current, and thermally stimulated depolarization current.

Pb-Based piezoelectric materials such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O3have been the mainstay for electromechanical devices; however, they encounter the challenge of sustainable environmental development, which requires Pb-free piezoelectric counterparts. The foremost obstacles in developing Pb-free piezoceramics are their low piezoresponse and inferior temperature stability. In this work, we reported Mn-modified «00l»c-textured (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramics to achieve thermally stable piezoelectric properties and enhanced fatigue resistance in conjunction with high piezoelectricity of d33∼ 560 pC/N. The in situ d33measurement reveals that the temperature stability of the small signal d33is mainly dependent on temperature-induced phase transition. However, the local piezoresponse force microscopy measurements imply that the excellent temperature stability of the large signal d33∗ (field-induced strain) benefits from the stable domain response to applied electric field at elevated temperatures. Moreover, the good fatigue resistance is proposed to be associated with the decreased defect concentration by Mn doping, based on the analyses of dielectric loss, leakage current, and thermally stimulated depolarization current.

Pb-Based piezoelectric materials such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O3have been the mainstay for electromechanical devices; however, they encounter the challenge of sustainable environmental development, which requires Pb-free piezoelectric counterparts. The foremost obstacles in developing Pb-free piezoceramics are their low piezoresponse and inferior temperature stability. In this work, we reported Mn-modified «00l»c-textured (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramics to achieve thermally stable piezoelectric properties and enhanced fatigue resistance in conjunction with high piezoelectricity of d33∼ 560 pC/N. The in situ d33measurement reveals that the temperature stability of the small signal d33is mainly dependent on temperature-induced phase transition. However, the local piezoresponse force microscopy measurements imply that the excellent temperature stability of the large signal d33∗ (field-induced strain) benefits from the stable domain response to applied electric field at elevated temperatures. Moreover, the good fatigue resistance is proposed to be associated with the decreased defect concentration by Mn doping, based on the analyses of dielectric loss, leakage current, and thermally stimulated depolarization current.

A definitive diagnosis of malaria is done by microscopic examination since it remains the gold standard..Number of leukocytes among malaria patients changes in lymphocyte cells as an indicator of infection.Preparations of blood samples obtained from mass blood survey methods (MBS) in Central Sumba District,2015. There were 50 blood samples of 25 positive fasciparum and 25 positive vivax. It is found 84%increase in lymphocytes in patients with plasmodium falciparum and an increased of 72% of lymphocytescells among patients with plasmodium vivax compared to reference value. The average number of P.falciparum is 39,7200 lymphocytes and P.vivax is of 21,6000. A statistical test found that p value of<0.05 indicating there is a significant difference between the number of lymphocytes in P. falciparumand P. vivax. Iincreased cells significantly found in old stage of trofosoit with a density between 12-4156mL. It can be concluded that significant increase of lymphocyte cells and its morphology of plasmodiumfalciparum and vivax can be used to diagnose malaria patientswith microscopic methods.

Power Point Presentatie, Transport and Planning

Graduation at faculty: Civil Engineering and Geosciences (CITG), Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering (3mE), Technology, Policy and Management (TPM). This thesis deals with real-world plannings problems of timetable design. Improving the timetable design methodology results in a more reliable timetable and a higher quality for passengers. This research first identified the Dutch timetable design process. Afterwards the weaknesses of the Dutch timetable design methodology is identified. These identifications are made by conducting interviews within NS & ProRail. In the third section a case study is conducted. The Dutch 2014 timetable is simulated and compared with a conflict-free timetable which was constructed using microscopic methods (planning in seconds instead of minutes and headways calculated by blocking times instead of plan norms). The simulations resulted in 37% less conflicts and a decrease of 8% delay. Further research is recommended to validate the conclusions in this paper and to investigate the practical usability of a microscopic methodology in an actual design process., Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Transport & Planning, TIL