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This thesis explores the integration of IoT protocols to enhance supply chain efficiency and sustainability by developing a flexible automated system. The research covers the integration of a palletization optimizer with a flexible robotic platform, a project conducted in collaboration with OpiFlex and Linköping University. Flexibility and sustainability in production, particularly in the food and beverage industry, are critical yet challenging to achieve. This research addresses these challenges by proposing a system that aligns the output with customer needs by combining these technologies. The research employs a combination of case study and exploratory methodologies. The development approach synthesizes elements from Set-Based Design, Point-Based Design, and Agile development frameworks. The primary research questions focus on identifying the best system architecture for integrating the palletization optimizer with a lower-level automation platform and outlining the steps needed to transform this integration into a commercially viable product. The system includes the optimizer, capable of processing customer orders and configuring products on mixed output pallets, integrated with a flexible robotic system provided by OpiFlex. The work involved evaluating communication protocols, MQTT, OPC UA, and TCP/IP, and designing robust interactions and interfaces between the subsystems. The results demonstrate the system's architecture and interaction protocols. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the results in comparison to the application scenario and the standards consulted. The conclusion is that the chosen interface practices should remain largely intact but be re-developed using an OPC UA-based architecture. The main reasons for this are its support for both pub/sub and client-server models, increased security, and greater support for enterprise application integration. However, depending on the specific application, the downsides of OPC UA may outweigh its b

This thesis explores the integration of IoT protocols to enhance supply chain efficiency and sustainability by developing a flexible automated system. The research covers the integration of a palletization optimizer with a flexible robotic platform, a project conducted in collaboration with OpiFlex and Linköping University. Flexibility and sustainability in production, particularly in the food and beverage industry, are critical yet challenging to achieve. This research addresses these challenges by proposing a system that aligns the output with customer needs by combining these technologies. The research employs a combination of case study and exploratory methodologies. The development approach synthesizes elements from Set-Based Design, Point-Based Design, and Agile development frameworks. The primary research questions focus on identifying the best system architecture for integrating the palletization optimizer with a lower-level automation platform and outlining the steps needed to transform this integration into a commercially viable product. The system includes the optimizer, capable of processing customer orders and configuring products on mixed output pallets, integrated with a flexible robotic system provided by OpiFlex. The work involved evaluating communication protocols, MQTT, OPC UA, and TCP/IP, and designing robust interactions and interfaces between the subsystems. The results demonstrate the system's architecture and interaction protocols. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the results in comparison to the application scenario and the standards consulted. The conclusion is that the chosen interface practices should remain largely intact but be re-developed using an OPC UA-based architecture. The main reasons for this are its support for both pub/sub and client-server models, increased security, and greater support for enterprise application integration. However, depending on the specific application, the downsides of OPC UA may outweigh its b

In the era of scientific advances and genetic progress, opportunities in the livestock sector are constantly growing. The application of molecular-based methods and approaches in farm animal breeding would accelerate and improve the expected results. The current work aims to comprehensively review the most important causative mutations in candidate genes that affect prolificacy traits in rabbits. Rabbits are a source of excellent-tasting meat that is high in protein and low in fat. Their early maturity and intensive growth are highly valued all over the world. However, improving reproductive traits and prolificacy in rabbits could be very tricky with traditional selection. Therefore, traditional breeding programs need new methods based on contemporary discoveries in molecular biology and genetics because of the complexity of the selection process. The study and implementation of genetic markers related to production in rabbits will help to create populations with specific productive traits that will produce the desired results in an extremely short time. Many studies worldwide showed an association between different genes and productive traits in rabbits. The study of these polymorphisms and their effects could be useful for molecular-oriented breeding, particularly marker-assisted selection programs in rabbit breeding.

Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a valuable tool in crop breeding, including organic breeding. The application of molecular markers allows rapid screening at early developmental stages as well as more accurate and efficient identification and selection of plants with desired traits. Besides accelerating breeding, this approach reduces the need for extensive field trials and multiple generations of selection. Considering that organic breeding emphasizes sustainable practices and minimal environmental impact, MAS can reduce the need for excessive land, water, and resources typically required for conventional breeding. In addition, it can help breeders to develop organic-compliant varieties by targeting specific traits and preserving organic standards, providing more efficient and sustainable strategies for organic production systems. Molecular markers were used to screen ECOBREED soybean germplasm harbouring traits relevant to organic farming, such as cadmium accumulation, supernodulation and disease tolerance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Diaporthe complex. Genotypes with low cadmium accumulation should be used in organic food production to improve food safety, while supernodulation in soybean could be an important trait showing potential for increased nitrogen fixation. Molecular screening of genotypes for disease resistance is especially important in organic farming where chemical interventions are limited, offering an efficient and sustainable strategy for organic production.

We investigated the potential of markers associated with floral traits for parental selection in a cut rose breeding program. We analysed six Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers for three important floral traits, petal length, petal number and scent, derived from experiments in a garden rose population. The six markers were applied to genotype a collection of 384 parental genotypes used for commercial cut rose breeding. We phenotyped a selection of progeny derived from pairs of parents having either high or low dosages of (contrasting) marker alleles associated with these traits. Significant differences were found between the contrasting progeny groups for each of the traits, although parents with the optimal allele dosage combinations could not always be used for the crosses. This not only supports the robustness of these marker‒trait associations but also demonstrates their potential for commercial rose breeding. It also demonstrates the use of marker information generated in garden rose populations for cut rose breeding.

El mas, un concepte tan arraigat a la cultura catalana i que així mateix comparteix tanta identitat amb altres pobles mediterranis. Una de les bases més clares de la nostra cultura i historia, que actualment es troba en perill per activitats que res tenen a veure amb el que una vegada va ser. Aquest treball pretén estudiar i comprendre la historia que hi ha derrere del camp, dels terrenys i les activitats que s'han portat a terme durant segles entre aquestes edificacions, afectant de manera directa a l'arquitectyra de la típica masia catalana. Analitzar la riquesa dels seus emplaçaments i comprendre perquè es van ubicar allà. D'aquesta manera, poder sensibilitzar, donar a comprendre i respectar en el moment d'actuar en un d'aquests magnífics vestigis de la societat catalana., El mas, un concepto tan arraigado a la cultura catalana y que a su vez comparte tanta identidad con otros pueblos mediterráneos. Una de las bases más claras de nuestra cultura e historia, que actualmente se ve en peligro por actividades que nada tienen que ver con lo que una vez fue. Este trabajo pretende estudiar y comprender la historia que hay detrás del campo, de los terrenos y las actividades que se han llevado a cabo durante siglos entre estas edificaciones, afectando de manera directa a la arquitectura de la típica masía catalana. Analizar la riqueza de sus emplazamientos y entender porque se ubicaron ahí. De esta manera, poder sensibilizar, dar a entender y respetar en el momento de actuar en uno de estos magníficos vestigios de la sociedad catalana., The mas, a concept so deeply rooted in Catalan culture and which in turn shares so much identity with other Mediterranean countries. One of the clearest foundations of our culture and history, is currently endangered by activities that have nothing to do with what it once was. This work aims to study and understand the history behind the countryside, the land and the activities that have been carried out for centuries among these buildings, directly affecting the architecture of the typical Catalan farmhouse. To analyse the richness of their locations and to understand why they were located there. In this way, to be able to contribute by raising awareness, understanding and respect when acting in one of these magnificent vestiges of Catalan society.

Repeated games consider a situation where multiple agents are motivated by their independent rewards throughout learning. In general, the dynamics of their learning become complex. Especially when their rewards compete with each other like zero-sum games, the dynamics often do not converge to their optimum, i.e., the Nash equilibrium. To tackle such complexity, many studies have understood various learning algorithms as dynamical systems and discovered qualitative insights among the algorithms. However, such studies have yet to handle multi-memory games (where agents can memorize actions they played in the past and choose their actions based on their memories), even though memorization plays a pivotal role in artificial intelligence and interpersonal relationship. This study extends two major learning algorithms in games, i.e., replicator dynamics and gradient ascent, into multi-memory games. Then, we prove their dynamics are identical. Furthermore, theoretically and experimentally, we clarify that the learning dynamics diverge from the Nash equilibrium in multi-memory zero-sum games and reach heteroclinic cycles (sojourn longer around the boundary of the strategy space), providing a fundamental advance in learning in games., QC 20230815

Candidate genes (CG) for Botrytis cinerea resistance described in literature were mapped on gerbera linkage maps for which several QTL for Botrytis resistance had been found previously using a rapid, low-cost platform for SNP genotyping. In total, 29 CGs were mapped in either of two mapping populations. Four CGs were mapped within the previous identified QTL intervals and three co-localized with QTL. Two of these CGs for resistance against B. cinerea, PG1 (polygalacturonase gene) and sit (sitiens, ABA-aldehyde oxidase gene) that mapped in QTL regions for the ray floret disease resistance test were studied in detail. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used for gene function analysis to determine the CGs’ role in gerbera resistance to Botrytis. Ray florets, of which the CGs were silenced, showed a significantly delayed growth of lesions upon Botrytis infection compared to controls. Combining QTL analysis, candidate gene mapping and VIGS showed to be an useful combination to identify possible causal genes and for understanding the molecular mechanisms of Botrytis resistance in gerbera. The two genes seem to act as partial S-genes and are likely among the determining genes leading to the variation observed for B. cinerea resistance in gerbera.

Cereals are grasses (a monocot family Poaceae, also known as Gramineae) cultivated widely for their grains used in human and animal consumption. From ancient times, cereals have played an important role in world agriculture and nowadays their significance is illustrated by the overall production of 2.996 million tons being harvested globally in 2020 (FAOSTAT, 2021). The most important staple cereal crops are wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, barley, oats, and millet. However, wheat, rice, and maize together comprise at least 75% of the world’s grain production, with 761, 757, and 1.162 million tons harvested in 2020, respectively. Rice, sorghum, millet, and wheat are widely produced in Asia; corn and sorghum in America; and barley, rye, and oats in Europe. These three continents produce together 80% of the world’s cereal grains. Cereals are a pivotal nutrient source in both developed and developing countries since their grains contain major nutritional and energy sources (proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, amino acids, fibers) as well as micronutrients (vitamins, magnesium, and zinc) (O’Neil et al., 2010; Papanikolaou & Fulgoni, 2017). However, the utilization pattern of these cereal grains differs. In developed countries, more than 70% of total cereal production is fed to the animals, whereas in underdeveloped countries, 68%–98% of the cereal production is used for human consumption.

L’article aborda la configuració històrica del paisatge rural alcoià partint d’alguns conceptes bàsics sobre l’agricultura preindustrial i la seua evolució tècnica. S’insisteix en la complementarietat dels masos i les hortes periurbanes. Es planteja un esquema dels canvis en el model agrari al llarg de l’època moderna. Finalment, després d’aproximar-se a l’evolució del segle XIX, es proposen, com a conclusió, algunes línies de recerca., El artículo aborda la configuración histórica del paisaje rural de Alcoi partiendo de algunos conceptos básicos sobre la agricultura preindustrial y su evolución técnica. Se insiste en la complementariedad de los masos y las huertas periurbanas. Se plantea un esquema de los cambios en el modelo agrario a lo largo de la época moderna. Finalmente, tras aproximarse a la evolución del siglo XIX, se proponen, como conclusión, algunas líneas de investigación., The article deals with the historical configuration of the rural landscape of Alcoi using some basic concepts about preindustrial agriculture and its technical evolution. Emphasis is placed on the complementarity of the masos and the peri-urban irrigated farmland. A scheme of the changes in the agrarian model throughout the early modern period is presented. Finally, after approaching the 19th century evolution, some lines of research are proposed as a conclusion.

Los sistemas de fabricación convencionales se encuentran inmersos en una transición hacia un modelo de producción más flexible, capaz de hacer frente a las demandas actuales del mercado. En este nuevo modelo de producción, los Vehículos Autónomos de Transporte (AGV) juegan un papel fundamental para dotar a la industria de dos características clave para lograr la plena flexibilidad: conectividad y descentralización. La investigación en el área del transporte autónomo se ha centrado, principalmente, en el diseño de algoritmos y en el desarrollo de herramientas de ingeniería y librerías para la integración de componentes. Sin embargo, no se ha prestado tanta atención a las necesidades de interacción (conectividad) que surgen entre los AGV y otros activos de fabricación en entornos distribuidos y cambiantes como los que presentan los Sistemas de Fabricación Avanzada o Sistemas de Fabricación Flexible (FMS). En este sentido, la revisión de la literatura refleja que dichos requisitos de conectividad entre activos robóticos y no robóticos carecen de soporte por parte de los principales frameworks robóticos. A esta problemática, se le suma la necesidad de dotar de inteligencia distribuida (descentralización) a los activos de fabricación para que puedan realizar tareas de forma autónoma (e.g., la navegación) y resolver conflictos de forma colaborativa (e.g., negociación y toma distribuida de decisiones), aspecto, este último, que es objeto de estudio actualmente. Los sistemas multiagente han demostrado ser adecuados para satisfacer los requisitos de conectividad y descentralización de los activos de fabricación en diferentes entornos industriales, hasta el punto de que el concepto de Agente Industrial se concibe como una implementación del concepto de Componente I4.0 (una particularización del concepto de Sistema Ciberfísico alineado con la arquitectura de referencia RAMI 4.0) mediante agentes. Así, existe una línea de investigación dedicada a la aplicación de la tecnología, Ohiko fabrikazio sistemak ekoizpen eredu malguago baterako trantsizioan murgilduta daude, merkatuaren egungo eskaerei aurre egiteko gai dena. Ekoizpen eredu berri horretan, garraio ibilgailu autonomoek (AGV) funtsezko zeregina dute industrian erabateko malgutasuna lortzeko funtsezko diren bi ezaugarri lortzeko: konektibitatea eta deszentralizazioa. Garraio autonomoaren arloko ikerketa, batez ere, algoritmoen diseinuan eta osagaiak integratzeko ingeniaritzako tresnen eta liburutegien garapenean oinarritu da. Hala ere, Fabrikazio Sistema Aurreratuek bereizten dituzten ingurune banatu eta aldakorretan, AGVen eta beste fabrikazio aktibo batzuren artean sortzen diren elkarrekintza-premiei (konektibitatea) ez zaie arreta handirik jarri. Alde horretatik, literaturaren berrikuspenak aktibo robotikoen eta ez-robotikoen arteko konektibitate-baldintza horiek framework robotiko nagusien aldetik euskarririk ez dutela erakusten du. Arazo horri, fabrikazio aktiboei adimen banatua (deszentralizazioa) emateko beharra gehitu behar zaio, zereginak modu autonomoan egin ahal izateko (adibidez, nabigazioa) eta gatazkak elkarlanean konpondu ahal izateko (adibidez, negoziazioa eta erabakiak modu banatuan hartzea). Azken alderdi hori gaur egun aztergai da. Agente anitzeko sistemek fabrikazio aktiboen konektibitate eta deszentralizazio baldintzak hainbat industria ingurunetan betetzeko egokiak direla erakutsi dute; izan ere, Industria Agentearen kontzeptua I4.0 Osagaia kontzeptuaren (RAMI 4.0 erreferentziazko arkitekturarekin lerrokatuta dagoen Sistema Ziberfisikoaren kontzeptua, alegia) agente bidezko inplementazio gisa ulertzen da. Horrela, framework robotikoetan agenteen teknologia aplikatzeari buruzko ikerketa lerro bat dago. Testuinguru honetan, lan honek AGVak industria agente gisa FlexManSys-en (UPV/EHUko GCIS ikerketa taldeak fabrikazio-aplikazioak kudeatzeko garatu duen plataforma) integratu daitezala laguntzen du. Integrazio honek honako alderdi hauek biltzen ditu: AGVaren eragiket, Conventional manufacturing systems are transitioning towards a more flexible production, capable of heading-on current market demands. Within this new model of production and manufacturing, Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) play a crucial role in giving actual industry two fundamental characteristics in flexible manufacturing systems: Connectivity and Decentralization. Research in the autonomous transport subject has focused mainly on the designing of algorithms and development of tools and software libraries for the integration of multiple components. Nevertheless, researchers have omitted the interaction necessities (connectivity) that come up among AGVs and other fabrication assets in distributed and volatile workspaces such as Advanced Fabrication Systems or Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS). On this matter, the state of the art reflects that those requirements of connectivity between robotic and non-robotic assets lack support from principal robotic frameworks. Multi-agent systems have proved to be suitable for the requirements of connectivity and decentralization of the manufacturing assets in different industrial environments. Hence, the concept of "Industrial Agent" is known as an implementation of the concept of "I4.0 Component" (a particularization of a Cypher-physical System in accordance with the RAMI 4.0 reference architecture.) among software agents. Thus, there is a line of research focused on the development of agent technologies in robotic frameworks. All in all, this project contributes to the integration of AGVs as Industrial Agents within FlexManSys, a management platform of manufacturing applications developed by the research group GCIS from the UPV/EHU. This integration is formed by the definition of an interface, at an operative level, carried out with ROS for the AGV; the designing of communication protocols and mechanisms for the exchange of data and information between the asset and its associated agent; and the definition of an interface

La transcription des symboles et des caractères spéciaux utilisés dans la version originale de ce résumé n’a pas été possible en raison de limitations techniques. La version correcte de ce résumé peut être lue en PDF. L’exploitation des gisements de spodumène pour l’extraction et la récupération du lithium génère de grandes quantités de résidus à forte teneur en aluminosilicates (AS). L’objectif du présent projet visait à étudier le potentiel d’utilisation de ces résidus d’aluminosilicates pour la production de verres et de vitrocéramiques. Les premiers travaux ont montré que la présence d’impuretés dans les résidus nuit à la production de verres transparents. La recherche s’est donc orientée vers la production de vitrocéramiques. Les vitrocéramiques ont été produites grâce à la méthode traditionnelle qui se déroule en deux étapes à savoir l’étape de fabrication du verre par le processus de fusion à haute température, puis l’étape de traitement thermique qui permet la naissance et la croissance de phase cristalline dans le verre. Trois formulations ont été retenues dans le cadre des travaux soient : 1) une formulation composée uniquement de produits purs (VC37); 2) une formulation contenant 10% de résidus AS (VC39); et 3) une préparation contenant 60% de résidus AS (VC32). Chaque formulation a été très bien mélangée au départ, puis transférée dans un creuset en platine/rhodium et fondu à 1630 ± 20°C pendant 1 h (vitesse de chauffage de 5°C/min). Les fondus obtenus ont été coulés dans des moules en acier inoxydable préchauffés, puis directement transférés dans un autre four préalablement chauffé à 680°C, pour être recuit pendant 2 h, afin de soulager les contraintes internes. Après refroidissement lent jusqu’à température ambiante, les verres ont été analysés par calorimétrie différentielle à balayage avant de subir des traitements thermiques pour atteindre l’étape de vitrocéramique. Les tests de caractérisation ont révélé que les vitrocéramiques contenan

As companies expand their operation worldwide, multinational communication in multi-cultural teams has become an important research topic, therefore, the purpose of this study promises to offer an understanding of how different degrees of the single dimension of culture MAS (Masculinity/Femininity) affects communication in a multinational and multicultural environment, using as a starting point and reference for this study an undis-closed Swedish multinational company with operations in over 70 countries.The cultural dimension of MAS used in the study was proposed by Geert Hofstede (1980) as part of his research on culture, and it is a key element that set the bases of this work.A qualitative research process has been undertaken with an inductive reasoning approach that led to collect data through observation and interviews which then was analyzed under the Laying the Groundwork approach developed by Gioia & Corley (2012) used to build a conceptual map that allowed the researchers to induce principles and theories that can explain how Masculinity and Femininity affect Communication through data-to-theory connections.The findings showed that different degrees of the Masculinity and Femininity dimension create aggregated dimensions that affect communication in a multinational context both positively and negatively. This study also found that communication experiences re-sistance and it is affected when it moves from a feminine culture to a masculine culture. Opposite to this, it was found that communication develops easily when it starts in a mas-culine culture and is directed to feminine cultures.

A game called the Quebec Wood Supply Game (QWSG) is a role-playing simulation based on the Beer Game for teaching Supply Chain (SC) dynamics, and, in particular, the bullwhip effect. In this context, this paper describes and compares two simulators based on the QWSG which may be used to study decision making and its impact on SC dynamics. We first focus on the direct implementation of the QWSG in a spreadsheet program. This spreadsheet model is the base on which we next build a more complex MultiAgent Based Simulation (MABS) in which JACK™ agents represent companies. Finally, we compare the respective advantages of each simulator. We identify the features of a SC model making a spreadsheet simulation impossible, and those for which a spreadsheet simulation is better, as good as, or worse than MABS.

The aim of this final degree project is to find an airport or multi-airport system with the optimal conditions to provide service in the most efficient way in Galicia. On the one hand, we will study both the situation of Galicia and its current airport system to understand which are the most important pillars in this region. On the other hand, different airport and multi-airport systems will be analyzed to compare them with the Galician airport system and draw conclusions on how it could be distributed in the future. Finally, different scenarios will be presented, which will be analyzed and evaluated according to their qualities (location, access cost, market distribution and operating cost) and the optimal scenario to be implemented in the autonomous community of Galicia will be chosen.

Projecte que neix del reconeixement del valor patrimonial que té la masia de Can Carreres i la falta d'imatge i identitat conjunta del districte, on a través d'una ampliació i rehabilitació de la masia es proposa crear un centre cultural polivalent, actuant com a element representatiu de la història i l'evolució. Recuperant així la relació entre la masia i l'entorn, convertint-se en un punt d'unió entre allò patrimonial i allò social., Proyecto que nace del reconocimiento del valor patrimonial que tiene la masía de Can Carreres y la falta de imagen e identidad conjunta del distrito, donde a través de una ampliación y rehabilitación de la masía se propone crear un centro cultural polivalente actuando como ese elemento representativo de la historia y evolución. Recuperando así la relación entre la masía y el entorno, convirtiéndose en un punto de unión entre lo patrimonial y social.

L’article aborda la configuració històrica del paisatge rural alcoià partint d’alguns conceptes bàsics sobre l’agricultura preindustrial i la seua evolució tècnica. S’insisteix en la complementarietat dels masos i les hortes periurbanes. Es planteja un esquema dels canvis en el model agrari al llarg de l’època moderna. Finalment, després d’aproximar-se a l’evolució del segle XIX, es proposen, com a conclusió, algunes línies de recerca., El artículo aborda la configuración histórica del paisaje rural de Alcoi partiendo de algunos conceptos básicos sobre la agricultura preindustrial y su evolución técnica. Se insiste en la complementariedad de los masos y las huertas periurbanas. Se plantea un esquema de los cambios en el modelo agrario a lo largo de la época moderna. Finalmente, tras aproximarse a la evolución del siglo XIX, se proponen, como conclusión, algunas líneas de investigación., The article deals with the historical configuration of the rural landscape of Alcoi using some basic concepts about preindustrial agriculture and its technical evolution. Emphasis is placed on the complementarity of the masos and the peri-urban irrigated farmland. A scheme of the changes in the agrarian model throughout the early modern period is presented. Finally, after approaching the 19th century evolution, some lines of research are proposed as a conclusion.

Los sistemas de fabricación convencionales se encuentran inmersos en una transición hacia un modelo de producción más flexible, capaz de hacer frente a las demandas actuales del mercado. En este nuevo modelo de producción, los Vehículos Autónomos de Transporte (AGV) juegan un papel fundamental para dotar a la industria de dos características clave para lograr la plena flexibilidad: conectividad y descentralización. La investigación en el área del transporte autónomo se ha centrado, principalmente, en el diseño de algoritmos y en el desarrollo de herramientas de ingeniería y librerías para la integración de componentes. Sin embargo, no se ha prestado tanta atención a las necesidades de interacción (conectividad) que surgen entre los AGV y otros activos de fabricación en entornos distribuidos y cambiantes como los que presentan los Sistemas de Fabricación Avanzada o Sistemas de Fabricación Flexible (FMS). En este sentido, la revisión de la literatura refleja que dichos requisitos de conectividad entre activos robóticos y no robóticos carecen de soporte por parte de los principales frameworks robóticos. A esta problemática, se le suma la necesidad de dotar de inteligencia distribuida (descentralización) a los activos de fabricación para que puedan realizar tareas de forma autónoma (e.g., la navegación) y resolver conflictos de forma colaborativa (e.g., negociación y toma distribuida de decisiones), aspecto, este último, que es objeto de estudio actualmente. Los sistemas multiagente han demostrado ser adecuados para satisfacer los requisitos de conectividad y descentralización de los activos de fabricación en diferentes entornos industriales, hasta el punto de que el concepto de Agente Industrial se concibe como una implementación del concepto de Componente I4.0 (una particularización del concepto de Sistema Ciberfísico alineado con la arquitectura de referencia RAMI 4.0) mediante agentes. Así, existe una línea de investigación dedicada a la aplicación de la tecnología, Ohiko fabrikazio sistemak ekoizpen eredu malguago baterako trantsizioan murgilduta daude, merkatuaren egungo eskaerei aurre egiteko gai dena. Ekoizpen eredu berri horretan, garraio ibilgailu autonomoek (AGV) funtsezko zeregina dute industrian erabateko malgutasuna lortzeko funtsezko diren bi ezaugarri lortzeko: konektibitatea eta deszentralizazioa. Garraio autonomoaren arloko ikerketa, batez ere, algoritmoen diseinuan eta osagaiak integratzeko ingeniaritzako tresnen eta liburutegien garapenean oinarritu da. Hala ere, Fabrikazio Sistema Aurreratuek bereizten dituzten ingurune banatu eta aldakorretan, AGVen eta beste fabrikazio aktibo batzuren artean sortzen diren elkarrekintza-premiei (konektibitatea) ez zaie arreta handirik jarri. Alde horretatik, literaturaren berrikuspenak aktibo robotikoen eta ez-robotikoen arteko konektibitate-baldintza horiek framework robotiko nagusien aldetik euskarririk ez dutela erakusten du. Arazo horri, fabrikazio aktiboei adimen banatua (deszentralizazioa) emateko beharra gehitu behar zaio, zereginak modu autonomoan egin ahal izateko (adibidez, nabigazioa) eta gatazkak elkarlanean konpondu ahal izateko (adibidez, negoziazioa eta erabakiak modu banatuan hartzea). Azken alderdi hori gaur egun aztergai da. Agente anitzeko sistemek fabrikazio aktiboen konektibitate eta deszentralizazio baldintzak hainbat industria ingurunetan betetzeko egokiak direla erakutsi dute; izan ere, Industria Agentearen kontzeptua I4.0 Osagaia kontzeptuaren (RAMI 4.0 erreferentziazko arkitekturarekin lerrokatuta dagoen Sistema Ziberfisikoaren kontzeptua, alegia) agente bidezko inplementazio gisa ulertzen da. Horrela, framework robotikoetan agenteen teknologia aplikatzeari buruzko ikerketa lerro bat dago. Testuinguru honetan, lan honek AGVak industria agente gisa FlexManSys-en (UPV/EHUko GCIS ikerketa taldeak fabrikazio-aplikazioak kudeatzeko garatu duen plataforma) integratu daitezala laguntzen du. Integrazio honek honako alderdi hauek biltzen ditu: AGVaren eragiket, Conventional manufacturing systems are transitioning towards a more flexible production, capable of heading-on current market demands. Within this new model of production and manufacturing, Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) play a crucial role in giving actual industry two fundamental characteristics in flexible manufacturing systems: Connectivity and Decentralization. Research in the autonomous transport subject has focused mainly on the designing of algorithms and development of tools and software libraries for the integration of multiple components. Nevertheless, researchers have omitted the interaction necessities (connectivity) that come up among AGVs and other fabrication assets in distributed and volatile workspaces such as Advanced Fabrication Systems or Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS). On this matter, the state of the art reflects that those requirements of connectivity between robotic and non-robotic assets lack support from principal robotic frameworks. Multi-agent systems have proved to be suitable for the requirements of connectivity and decentralization of the manufacturing assets in different industrial environments. Hence, the concept of "Industrial Agent" is known as an implementation of the concept of "I4.0 Component" (a particularization of a Cypher-physical System in accordance with the RAMI 4.0 reference architecture.) among software agents. Thus, there is a line of research focused on the development of agent technologies in robotic frameworks. All in all, this project contributes to the integration of AGVs as Industrial Agents within FlexManSys, a management platform of manufacturing applications developed by the research group GCIS from the UPV/EHU. This integration is formed by the definition of an interface, at an operative level, carried out with ROS for the AGV; the designing of communication protocols and mechanisms for the exchange of data and information between the asset and its associated agent; and the definition of an interface

As companies expand their operation worldwide, multinational communication in multi-cultural teams has become an important research topic, therefore, the purpose of this study promises to offer an understanding of how different degrees of the single dimension of culture MAS (Masculinity/Femininity) affects communication in a multinational and multicultural environment, using as a starting point and reference for this study an undis-closed Swedish multinational company with operations in over 70 countries.The cultural dimension of MAS used in the study was proposed by Geert Hofstede (1980) as part of his research on culture, and it is a key element that set the bases of this work.A qualitative research process has been undertaken with an inductive reasoning approach that led to collect data through observation and interviews which then was analyzed under the Laying the Groundwork approach developed by Gioia & Corley (2012) used to build a conceptual map that allowed the researchers to induce principles and theories that can explain how Masculinity and Femininity affect Communication through data-to-theory connections.The findings showed that different degrees of the Masculinity and Femininity dimension create aggregated dimensions that affect communication in a multinational context both positively and negatively. This study also found that communication experiences re-sistance and it is affected when it moves from a feminine culture to a masculine culture. Opposite to this, it was found that communication develops easily when it starts in a mas-culine culture and is directed to feminine cultures.

A Castissent hi observem uns patrons de poblament d'origen, medieval que també són corrents en altres indrets de Catalunya; nuclis de poblament alt-medieval concentrat a l'entorn d'un focus religiós o civil que són abandonats amb posterioritat; i poblament dispers en masos, detectable en documents medievals, que arriba fins als nostres dies. El present treball aborda el cas de Castissent, prèviament poc estudiat, per fer els primers passos en l'anàlisi de la distribució poblacional del terme en treball arqueològic, recerca documental i etnologia. Així, ens aproximem a la comprensió del territori medieval de la zona estudiada i l'articulació dels espais d'hàbitat., In Castissent we observe certain population patterns of medieval origin, also usual in other regions of Catalonia; high-middle-ages population centres concentrated surrounding a religious or a civil focus that, in both cases, are later abandoned; and scattered population in farmhouses perceptible in medieval documents, that last until nowadays. This paper faces the case of Castissent, previously thinly studied, to do the first steps in the analysis of population distribution inside the district in archaeological workcamp, documental research and ethnology. Thus, we approach to the comprehension of the medieval territory of the studied medieval territory and its structuring of habitat spaces.

Multi-agent systems (MAS) are increasingly used in critical applications. To ensure dependability of MAS, we need to formally specify and verify their fault tolerance, i.e., to ensure that collaborative agent activities are performed correctly despite agent failure. In this paper, we present a formalisation of fault tolerant MAS and use it to define specification and refinement patterns for modelling MAS in Event-B., Part of proceedings: ISBN 978-3-030-85738-7QC 20220510

Knowledge sharing among partners in collaborative and concurrent engineering processes is becoming more critical for decision-making in Product Design Engineering (PDE). The approach presented in this article proposes a Fuzzy Logic (FL) based semi-automatic support for reaching agreements in the definition of variable's domain under a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) modelling process. A negotiation model is proposed, including suggestions about preferred domains for a variable that it is used for more than one expert. Competence of the users involved in the negotiation is measured with a set of developed indexes. A Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is used to calculate user's indexes and suggestions about the domain are made based on the proposed domains and competence index of the experts. The proposal is included in a Multi-Agent System (MAS) for supporting distributed knowledge modelling. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.

Magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR (ssNMR) is an established tool that can be applied to non-soluble or non-crystalline biomolecules of any size or complexity. The ssNMR method advances rapidly due to technical improvements and the development of advanced isotope labeling schemes. While ssNMR has shown significant progress in structural studies of proteins, the number of RNA studies remains limited due to ssNMR methodology that is still underdeveloped. Resonance assignment is the most critical and limiting step in the structure determination protocol that defines the feasibility of NMR studies. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in RNA resonance assignment methods and approaches for secondary structure determination by ssNMR. We critically discuss advantages and limitations of conventional 13C- and 15N-detected experiments and novel 1H-detected methods, identify optimal regimes for RNA studies by ssNMR, and provide our view on future ssNMR studies of RNA in large RNP complexes.

In the paper, it is analysed the industrial policies in Bolivia during the successive governments of the MAS party (2006-2019). Specifically, it is focused on the institutional dimension of industrial policies and on the hypothesis that institutional problems have been a determining factor in the inability of the new model to translate its policies into structural transformations of the productive economy. For this, an analysis is articulated in four levels of industrial policy: normative-strategic, institutional, sectoral policies, and instruments-incentives. In the analysis, it is showed that there are various design and implementation failures at the institutional level (prioritization of primary sectors, absence of public-private partnerships, regulatory overlaps, limited bureaucratic capabilities, or absence of a technological innovation system, among others), that have made it impossible to industrialization and structural change in Bolivia., En el trabajo se analizan las políticas industriales en Bolivia durante los sucesivos Gobiernos del MAS (2006-2019). En concreto, se centra en la dimensión institucional de las políticas industriales y en la hipótesis de que los problemas de orden institucional han sido un factor determinante de la incapacidad del nuevo modelo de traducir sus políticas en transformaciones estructurales de la economía productiva. Para ello, se articula un análisis en cuatro niveles de la política industrial: normativo-estratégico, institucional, políticas sectoriales e instrumentos-incentivos. En el análisis, se muestra que existen diversos fallos de diseño e implementación a nivel institucional (priorización de los sectores primarios, ausencia de colaboraciones público-privadas, solapamientos normati- vos, limitadas capacidades burocráticas o ausencia de un sistema de innovación tecnológica, entre otros), que han imposibilitado la industrialización y el cambio estructural en Bolivia.

The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is an octoploid species (2n = 8x = 56), appreciated widely for its fruit. There have been very few studies on fruit quality traits, which are known to be mostly polygenic and environmentally dependent. To identify higher genetic variability, two non-related populations were genotyped: an F1 population cross between ‘FC50’ and ‘FD54’ and an F2 population cross between ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Dover’, hybridizing both with IStraw35k and IStraw90k SNP arrays, respectively. The F1 genetic map was constructed with 14595 SNPs and the F2 map with 7977 SNPs. High collinearity was observed when comparing one genetic map with the other and on comparing both with the octoploid genome. To assess fruit variability, both populations were phenotyped for shape, firmness, taste and other fruit traits over the 2016−2019 period. With QTL analyses, 33 stable QTLs were mapped in the ‘FC50xFD54’ population, and three hotspot regions were found for shape traits in LG3A, LG4D and LG6D. In the ‘21AF’ population, only eight stable QTLs were detected. Despite that, two major and stable QTLs were mapped in the same interval of confidence for both populations. A shared fruit shape ratio QTL which explained around 25 % of trait variance was mapped in LG3A, and a shared firmness QTL explaining 26.9 % of trait variance in LG7C. For the first time, two QTLs were discovered in LG3A and LG4A for a phenotype neck without achenes. When analysing two different mapping populations, in addition to finding specific QTL regions for the studied traits, a narrowing down of the interval of confidence for the shared QTLs is achieved. As a result of this study, a new set of SNPs for fruit firmness and shape is now available for use in MAS in strawberry breeding programs.

Au Canada, selon un rapport de 2011 produit par le Gouvernement du Canada, environ 194,000 personnes qui vivent dans près de 292 communautés isolées ne sont pas reliées aux réseaux électriques provinciaux ou territoriaux. La majorité de ces communautés sont alimentées en électricité via des groupes électrogènes (GED) qui consomment, chaque année, des millions de litres de carburant diesel émettant par le fait même des gaz toxiques (NOX, SOX) et particulaire ainsi qu’un gaz indésirable contribuant au réchauffement climatique (CO2). Cette méthode de production d’énergie électrique est également fortement affectée par le prix du carburant qui ne cesse d’augmenter; les communautés subissant ainsi des coûts élevés tant environnementaux, économiques et sociaux. Cette problématique a notamment intéressé plusieurs chercheurs et des esquisses de solutions ont été proposées. On pense notamment à l’ajout de sources renouvelables jumelées au GED, à la prévision de la ressource éolienne, à des innovations technologiques limitant au maximum la consommation des moteurs diesels comme la suralimentation, l’utilisation d’une technologie comme le Genset-Synchro, des technologies de captage des gaz d'échappement (NOx, SOx et CO2) ou l'hybridation du moteur diesel en moteur à air comprimé. Les énergies renouvelables, telles que l’énergie éolienne et l'énergie solaire pour ne nommer que les plus importantes, constituent un potentiel important pour réduire la dépendance à l’égard des combustibles fossiles. Cependant, l’intermittence de l’énergie éolienne empêche la transformation des réseaux autonomes en réseau uniquement alimenté en énergie renouvelable, ce qui permettrait l’élimination du GED en tout temps. Dans les sites isolés qui sont paradoxalement très riches en cette ressource naturelle, à cause de cette intermittence, le GED est sans cesse sollicité pour soutenir l’énergie renouvelable. On rencontre également une inadéquation entre la ressource éolienne et la consommation énergét

Con el Mas de Tetuán (construcción tradicional en desuso en el parque natural de la Font Roja) como objeto principal de la propuesta, se busca actualizar la construcción artesanal mediante la introducción de elementos puntuales que se adhieren a ella y la transforman. Dotarla de un rol activo en la sociedad actual, puesto que lo interesante es comprobar cómo evoluciona y se adapta, estando vivo en lugar de fosilizado. Adaptarlo a las nuevas exigencias de albergar una instalación (satélite) de la Estación Botánica Torretes (en las faldas de la misma Sierra) donde se investiga sobre la flora autóctona y pueda ayudar a recuperar el Timò Real.

Con el Mas de Tetuán (construcción tradicional en desuso en el parque natural de la Font Roja) como objeto principal de la propuesta, se busca actualizar la construcción artesanal mediante la introducción de elementos puntuales que se adhieren a ella y la transforman. Dotarla de un rol activo en la sociedad actual, puesto que lo interesante es comprobar cómo evoluciona y se adapta, estando vivo en lugar de fosilizado. Adaptarlo a las nuevas exigencias de albergar una instalación (satélite) de la Estación Botánica Torretes (en las faldas de la misma Sierra) donde se investiga sobre la flora autóctona y pueda ayudar a recuperar el Timò Real.

Mission planning is one of the crucial problems in the design of autonomous Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), requiring the agents to calculate collision-free paths and efficiently schedule their tasks. The complexity of this problem greatly increases when the number of agents grows, as well as timing requirements and stochastic behavior of agents are considered. In this paper, we propose a novel method that integrates statistical model checking and reinforcement learning for mission planning within such context. Additionally, in order to synthesise mission plans that are statistically optimal, we employ hybrid automata to model the continuous movement of agents and moving obstacles, and estimate the possible delay of the agents' travelling time when facing unpredictable obstacles. We show the result of synthesising mission plans, analyze bottlenecks of the mission plans, and re-plan when pedestrians suddenly appear, by modeling and verifying a real industrial use case in UPPAAL SMC., DPAC - Dependable Platforms for Autonomous systems and Control

Plum pox virus (PPV) is the most important limiting factor for apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) production worldwide, and development of resistant cultivars has been proven to be the best solution in the long-term. However, just like in other woody species, apricot breeding is highly time and space demanding, and this is particularly true for PPV resistance phenotyping. Therefore, marker-assisted selection (MAS) may be very helpful to speed up breeding programs. Tightly linked ParPMC1 and ParPMC2, meprin and TRAF-C homology (MATH)-domain-containing genes have been proposed as host susceptibility genes required for PPV infection. Contribution of additional genes to PPV resistance cannot be discarded, but all available studies undoubtedly show a strong correlation between ParPMC2-resistant alleles (ParPMC2res) and PPV resistance. The ParPMC2res allele was shown to carry a 5-bp deletion (ParPMC2-del) within the second exon that has been characterized as a molecular marker suitable for MAS (PMC2). Based on this finding, we propose here a method for PPV resistance selection in apricot by combining high-throughput DNA extraction of 384 samples in 2 working days and the allele-specific genotyping of PMC2 on agarose gel. Moreover, the PMC2 genotype has been determined by PCR or by using whole-genome sequences (WGS) in 175 apricot accessions. These results were complemented with phenotypic and/or genotypic data available in the literature to reach a total of 325 apricot accessions. As a whole, we conclude that this is a time-efficient, cost-effective and straightforward method for PPV resistance screening that can be highly useful for apricot breeding programs.

This dissertation presents a qualitative content analysis of the U.S. District Court-District of Arizona Transcripts of Proceedings of Bench Trial (González et al. v. Douglas et al., 2017), the constitutional challenge to Arizona’s anti-Mexican American Studies law A.R.S. §15-112, and the subsequent ruling in the Memorandum of Decision (Tashima, 2017) which found the law was enacted and enforced motivated by racial animus toward Mexican Americans-Chicanx, thus violating their equal protection rights protected by the U.S. Constitution. Through a content analysis of these two data sets (Krippendorff, 2004; Schreier; 2014; Smith, 2000), in direct alignment with the research questions of this study, emerged the three themes of “Race,” “Knowledge,” and “Pedagogy.” Upon further code categorizations (i.e. secondary, tertiary), words, phrases, and entire court testimonials were extracted and assigned to seven coding schemata (i.e., “Race,” “Knowledge,” “Pedagogy,” “Race and Knowledge,” “Race and Pedagogy,” and “Race, Knowledge, and Pedagogy”). Excerpts were then selected for further analysis, based upon how they could directly address the research questions of this study. The theoretical framework to analyze the extracted excerpts from the content analysis methodology are critical race theory (CRT) (Delgado, 2009; Delgado, 2013; Delgado & Stefancic, 2011; Haney-López, 2014; Leonardo, 2002), “Official Knowledge” (Apple, 2014) and decolonizing theories of knowledge(s) (Rodríguez, 2014; Solyom & Brayboy, 2011; Forbes, 1973; Arce, 2016), and critical pedagogy (Acosta, 2007; Freire, 1993). The purpose of this research is to illuminate the weaknesses and cracks in the arguments made by the State of Arizona, claiming that the former K-12 Mexican American Studies (MAS) program: 1) curriculum and pedagogy promoted resentment towards whites, 2) the knowledge(s) taught and produced were not legitimate, and 3) that the components of the critical pedagogy utilized adversely impacted you

In this paper, we reflect on the most important facts that have shaped the Bolivia´s recent history, since Evo Morales inauguration in 2006, through his forced resignation in 2019 and the holding of the presidential elections one year later. Without attempting a conclusive analyse of this issue, we try to identify those elements that -in our understanding - have set the compass of bolivian political life, whose course culminated, for the moment, with the return of the MAS to the government but without Morales. Arce is ready to rule. The questions are many and the challenges even more., En el presente escrito reflexionamos sobre los acontecimientos más importantes que han direccionado la historia reciente de Bolivia, desde la asunción de Evo Morales en 2006, pasando por su renuncia forzada en 2019 y la celebración de las elecciones presidenciales un año más tarde. Sin pretender una mirada conclusiva de la cuestión, procuramos identificar aquellos elementos que –a nuestro entender- han marcado el compás de la vida política boliviana, cuyo derrotero culminó, por el momento, con el regreso del MAS al gobierno, pero sin la presencia de Morales. Arce está listo para gobernar. Los interrogantes son muchos y los desafíos aún más.

The crystallinity of cellulose has a strong impact on various material properties. Over the years, many methods have become available to estimate the crystallinity. The purpose of this work was to revise existing NMR-based methods and to introduce a complementary NMR method related to the C-13 T-1 relaxation time. The C-13 T-1 differs by an order of magnitude for amorphous and crystalline polymers among them cellulose. We have utilized the signal boost of H-1-C-13 cross polarization and the difference in C-13 T-1 as a filter to calculate the degree of crystallinity. The evaluation of the method is based on the difference in peak integrals, which is fed into a simple equation. The method was applied to five cellulosic samples of different nature and compared the obtained degree of crystallinity with the degree estimated from deconvoluted X-ray scattering patterns. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to give a basic understanding on the origin of CP enhancement in order to validate various proposed NMR methods. With the recent progress of NMR equipment, the presented method can be automatized and applied to a series of samples using a sample changer.

The crystallinity of cellulose has a strong impact on various material properties. Over the years, many methods have become available to estimate the crystallinity. The purpose of this work was to revise existing NMR-based methods and to introduce a complementary NMR method related to the C-13 T-1 relaxation time. The C-13 T-1 differs by an order of magnitude for amorphous and crystalline polymers among them cellulose. We have utilized the signal boost of H-1-C-13 cross polarization and the difference in C-13 T-1 as a filter to calculate the degree of crystallinity. The evaluation of the method is based on the difference in peak integrals, which is fed into a simple equation. The method was applied to five cellulosic samples of different nature and compared the obtained degree of crystallinity with the degree estimated from deconvoluted X-ray scattering patterns. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to give a basic understanding on the origin of CP enhancement in order to validate various proposed NMR methods. With the recent progress of NMR equipment, the presented method can be automatized and applied to a series of samples using a sample changer.

The crystallinity of cellulose has a strong impact on various material properties. Over the years, many methods have become available to estimate the crystallinity. The purpose of this work was to revise existing NMR-based methods and to introduce a complementary NMR method related to the C-13 T-1 relaxation time. The C-13 T-1 differs by an order of magnitude for amorphous and crystalline polymers among them cellulose. We have utilized the signal boost of H-1-C-13 cross polarization and the difference in C-13 T-1 as a filter to calculate the degree of crystallinity. The evaluation of the method is based on the difference in peak integrals, which is fed into a simple equation. The method was applied to five cellulosic samples of different nature and compared the obtained degree of crystallinity with the degree estimated from deconvoluted X-ray scattering patterns. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to give a basic understanding on the origin of CP enhancement in order to validate various proposed NMR methods. With the recent progress of NMR equipment, the presented method can be automatized and applied to a series of samples using a sample changer.

[ES] La cirugía laparoscopia está considerada uno de los principales avances quirúrgicos en las últimas décadas. Esta técnica ha demostrado numerosas ventajas comparadas con la cirugía convencional abierta y ha sido extensamente usada para procesos quirúrgicos en el área abdominal. Para el paciente, la cirugía laparoscópica supone diversas ventajas, como por ejemplo menor dolor post operativo, tiempos de recuperación menores, menor riesgo de infección, o reducción del trauma. Para el cirujano en cambio, la situación es completamente diferente, esta práctica requiere mayor esfuerzo, concentración y estrés mental que la práctica convencional abierta. Además fuerza al cirujano a adoptar posiciones no-neutras en falanges, manos, muñecas, y brazos. Estas posturas no-neutras son la principal causa de fatiga muscular y aumentan el riesgo de problemas musculo-esqueléticos. Estos problemas han sido ampliamente estudiados por diferentes equipos de investigación, los cuales están tratando de mejorar la experiencia del cirujano en el quirófano. El enfoque utilizado en este estudio es diferente del utilizado anteriormente por la mayoría de estos equipos, los cuales suelen propones soluciones basadas en cambios ergonómicos con la intención de mejorar la geometría del mango de pistola convencional, ya que se considera ergonómicamente deficiente. El problema con este enfoque, es que las deficiencias no se encuentran únicamente en el mango, sino en la utilización de un punto de entrada fijo que fuerza a los cirujanos a mantener posiciones desfavorables. En este trabajo, se introduce el concepto "Libertad Postural" en el ámbito de la cirugía, este se basa en la hipótesis de que, si las herramientas no forzaran la posición de los cirujanos, estos mantendrían posiciones más favorables y cercanas al rango de posiciones neutras durante los procesos laparoscópicos. Los beneficios de este concepto han sido demostrados por medio de análisis de movimiento y de electromiografía de superficie, [CA] La cirurgia laparoscòpia està considerada un dels principals avanços quirúrgics en les últimes dècades. Aquesta tècnica ha demostrat nombrosos avantatges comparats amb la cirurgia convencional oberta i ha sigut extensament usada per a processos quirúrgics en l'àrea abdominal. Per al pacient, la cirurgia laparoscòpica suposa diversos avantatges, com per exemple menor dolor post operatiu, temps de recuperació menors, menor risc d'infecció, o reducció del trauma. Per al cirurgià en canvi, la situació és completament diferent, aquesta pràctica requereix major esforç, concentració i estrés mental que la pràctica convencional oberta. A més força al cirurgià a adoptar posicions no-neutres en falanges, mans, nines, i braços. Aquestes postures no-neutres són la principal causa de fatiga muscular i augmenten el risc de problemes musculo-esquelètics. Aquests problemes han sigut àmpliament estudiats per diferents equips d'investigació, els quals estan tractant de millorar l'experiència del cirurgià en el quiròfan. L'enfocament utilitzat en aquest estudi és diferent de l'utilitzat anteriorment per la majoria d'aquests equips, els quals solen proposes solucions basades en canvis ergonòmics amb la intenció de millorar la geometria del mànec de pistola convencional, ja que es considera ergonòmicament deficient. El problema amb aquest enfocament, és que les deficiències no es troben únicament en el mànec, sinó en la utilització d'un punt d'entrada fix que força als cirurgians a mantindre posicions desfavorables. En aquest treball, s'introdueix el concepte "Llibertat Postural" en l'àmbit de la cirurgia, aquest es basa en la hipòtesi que, si les eines no forçaren la posició dels cirurgians, aquests mantindrien posicions més favorables i pròximes al rang de posicions neutres durant els processos laparoscòpics. Els beneficis d'aquest concepte han sigut demostrats per mitjà d'anàlisi de moviment i de electromiografía de superfície, els quals indiquen que la "Llibertat Postural" és c, [EN] Laparoscopic surgery is considered one of the main surgical advances in the last decades, this technique has demonstrated numerous advantages compared to open conventional surgery and it is widely used in abdominal procedures around the world. For the patient, laparoscopic surgery suppose less post-operative pain, shorter recovery time, lower risk of infection, and reduction of the trauma among other benefits. For the surgeon, the situation is completely different, this practice requires more effort, concentration and mental stress than conventional open procedures. It forces the surgeon to adopt non-neutral postures with phalanges, hands, wrists, and arms being this non-neutral postures the main cause of muscular fatigue and high risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The poor ergonomic postures accelerate muscle fatigue and pain because, outside the neutral range, muscles require more energy to generate the same contractile force than in neutral position. This increase of muscular fatigue is associated with the potential to commit errors that may harm the patient during the surgery. Because this problem is widely studied and different research centers are already trying to improve their surgeons experience in the operation room, the approach used during this work is different than most of the ones presented in previous works. Generally, the solutions proposed are based on ergonomic changes in the handle shape of the instrument, because the conventional pistol-grip handle is considered ergonomically poor. But the problem is not only in the shape of the handle but also in the fixed point of entrance that force the positions for the surgeon despite the handle¿s shape. In this work, the concept of postural freedom in laparoscopic surgery is introduced and evaluated. The postural freedom concept is based on the hypothesis that the surgeon involuntarily would maintain neutral postures if the instrument does not force him or her to reach extreme position with the upper

[ES] La cirugía laparoscopia está considerada uno de los principales avances quirúrgicos en las últimas décadas. Esta técnica ha demostrado numerosas ventajas comparadas con la cirugía convencional abierta y ha sido extensamente usada para procesos quirúrgicos en el área abdominal. Para el paciente, la cirugía laparoscópica supone diversas ventajas, como por ejemplo menor dolor post operativo, tiempos de recuperación menores, menor riesgo de infección, o reducción del trauma. Para el cirujano en cambio, la situación es completamente diferente, esta práctica requiere mayor esfuerzo, concentración y estrés mental que la práctica convencional abierta. Además fuerza al cirujano a adoptar posiciones no-neutras en falanges, manos, muñecas, y brazos. Estas posturas no-neutras son la principal causa de fatiga muscular y aumentan el riesgo de problemas musculo-esqueléticos. Estos problemas han sido ampliamente estudiados por diferentes equipos de investigación, los cuales están tratando de mejorar la experiencia del cirujano en el quirófano. El enfoque utilizado en este estudio es diferente del utilizado anteriormente por la mayoría de estos equipos, los cuales suelen propones soluciones basadas en cambios ergonómicos con la intención de mejorar la geometría del mango de pistola convencional, ya que se considera ergonómicamente deficiente. El problema con este enfoque, es que las deficiencias no se encuentran únicamente en el mango, sino en la utilización de un punto de entrada fijo que fuerza a los cirujanos a mantener posiciones desfavorables. En este trabajo, se introduce el concepto "Libertad Postural" en el ámbito de la cirugía, este se basa en la hipótesis de que, si las herramientas no forzaran la posición de los cirujanos, estos mantendrían posiciones más favorables y cercanas al rango de posiciones neutras durante los procesos laparoscópicos. Los beneficios de este concepto han sido demostrados por medio de análisis de movimiento y de electromiografía de superficie, [CA] La cirurgia laparoscòpia està considerada un dels principals avanços quirúrgics en les últimes dècades. Aquesta tècnica ha demostrat nombrosos avantatges comparats amb la cirurgia convencional oberta i ha sigut extensament usada per a processos quirúrgics en l'àrea abdominal. Per al pacient, la cirurgia laparoscòpica suposa diversos avantatges, com per exemple menor dolor post operatiu, temps de recuperació menors, menor risc d'infecció, o reducció del trauma. Per al cirurgià en canvi, la situació és completament diferent, aquesta pràctica requereix major esforç, concentració i estrés mental que la pràctica convencional oberta. A més força al cirurgià a adoptar posicions no-neutres en falanges, mans, nines, i braços. Aquestes postures no-neutres són la principal causa de fatiga muscular i augmenten el risc de problemes musculo-esquelètics. Aquests problemes han sigut àmpliament estudiats per diferents equips d'investigació, els quals estan tractant de millorar l'experiència del cirurgià en el quiròfan. L'enfocament utilitzat en aquest estudi és diferent de l'utilitzat anteriorment per la majoria d'aquests equips, els quals solen proposes solucions basades en canvis ergonòmics amb la intenció de millorar la geometria del mànec de pistola convencional, ja que es considera ergonòmicament deficient. El problema amb aquest enfocament, és que les deficiències no es troben únicament en el mànec, sinó en la utilització d'un punt d'entrada fix que força als cirurgians a mantindre posicions desfavorables. En aquest treball, s'introdueix el concepte "Llibertat Postural" en l'àmbit de la cirurgia, aquest es basa en la hipòtesi que, si les eines no forçaren la posició dels cirurgians, aquests mantindrien posicions més favorables i pròximes al rang de posicions neutres durant els processos laparoscòpics. Els beneficis d'aquest concepte han sigut demostrats per mitjà d'anàlisi de moviment i de electromiografía de superfície, els quals indiquen que la "Llibertat Postural" és c, [EN] Laparoscopic surgery is considered one of the main surgical advances in the last decades, this technique has demonstrated numerous advantages compared to open conventional surgery and it is widely used in abdominal procedures around the world. For the patient, laparoscopic surgery suppose less post-operative pain, shorter recovery time, lower risk of infection, and reduction of the trauma among other benefits. For the surgeon, the situation is completely different, this practice requires more effort, concentration and mental stress than conventional open procedures. It forces the surgeon to adopt non-neutral postures with phalanges, hands, wrists, and arms being this non-neutral postures the main cause of muscular fatigue and high risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The poor ergonomic postures accelerate muscle fatigue and pain because, outside the neutral range, muscles require more energy to generate the same contractile force than in neutral position. This increase of muscular fatigue is associated with the potential to commit errors that may harm the patient during the surgery. Because this problem is widely studied and different research centers are already trying to improve their surgeons experience in the operation room, the approach used during this work is different than most of the ones presented in previous works. Generally, the solutions proposed are based on ergonomic changes in the handle shape of the instrument, because the conventional pistol-grip handle is considered ergonomically poor. But the problem is not only in the shape of the handle but also in the fixed point of entrance that force the positions for the surgeon despite the handle¿s shape. In this work, the concept of postural freedom in laparoscopic surgery is introduced and evaluated. The postural freedom concept is based on the hypothesis that the surgeon involuntarily would maintain neutral postures if the instrument does not force him or her to reach extreme position with the upper

[ES] La cirugía laparoscopia está considerada uno de los principales avances quirúrgicos en las últimas décadas. Esta técnica ha demostrado numerosas ventajas comparadas con la cirugía convencional abierta y ha sido extensamente usada para procesos quirúrgicos en el área abdominal. Para el paciente, la cirugía laparoscópica supone diversas ventajas, como por ejemplo menor dolor post operativo, tiempos de recuperación menores, menor riesgo de infección, o reducción del trauma. Para el cirujano en cambio, la situación es completamente diferente, esta práctica requiere mayor esfuerzo, concentración y estrés mental que la práctica convencional abierta. Además fuerza al cirujano a adoptar posiciones no-neutras en falanges, manos, muñecas, y brazos. Estas posturas no-neutras son la principal causa de fatiga muscular y aumentan el riesgo de problemas musculo-esqueléticos. Estos problemas han sido ampliamente estudiados por diferentes equipos de investigación, los cuales están tratando de mejorar la experiencia del cirujano en el quirófano. El enfoque utilizado en este estudio es diferente del utilizado anteriormente por la mayoría de estos equipos, los cuales suelen propones soluciones basadas en cambios ergonómicos con la intención de mejorar la geometría del mango de pistola convencional, ya que se considera ergonómicamente deficiente. El problema con este enfoque, es que las deficiencias no se encuentran únicamente en el mango, sino en la utilización de un punto de entrada fijo que fuerza a los cirujanos a mantener posiciones desfavorables. En este trabajo, se introduce el concepto "Libertad Postural" en el ámbito de la cirugía, este se basa en la hipótesis de que, si las herramientas no forzaran la posición de los cirujanos, estos mantendrían posiciones más favorables y cercanas al rango de posiciones neutras durante los procesos laparoscópicos. Los beneficios de este concepto han sido demostrados por medio de análisis de movimiento y de electromiografía de superficie, [CA] La cirurgia laparoscòpia està considerada un dels principals avanços quirúrgics en les últimes dècades. Aquesta tècnica ha demostrat nombrosos avantatges comparats amb la cirurgia convencional oberta i ha sigut extensament usada per a processos quirúrgics en l'àrea abdominal. Per al pacient, la cirurgia laparoscòpica suposa diversos avantatges, com per exemple menor dolor post operatiu, temps de recuperació menors, menor risc d'infecció, o reducció del trauma. Per al cirurgià en canvi, la situació és completament diferent, aquesta pràctica requereix major esforç, concentració i estrés mental que la pràctica convencional oberta. A més força al cirurgià a adoptar posicions no-neutres en falanges, mans, nines, i braços. Aquestes postures no-neutres són la principal causa de fatiga muscular i augmenten el risc de problemes musculo-esquelètics. Aquests problemes han sigut àmpliament estudiats per diferents equips d'investigació, els quals estan tractant de millorar l'experiència del cirurgià en el quiròfan. L'enfocament utilitzat en aquest estudi és diferent de l'utilitzat anteriorment per la majoria d'aquests equips, els quals solen proposes solucions basades en canvis ergonòmics amb la intenció de millorar la geometria del mànec de pistola convencional, ja que es considera ergonòmicament deficient. El problema amb aquest enfocament, és que les deficiències no es troben únicament en el mànec, sinó en la utilització d'un punt d'entrada fix que força als cirurgians a mantindre posicions desfavorables. En aquest treball, s'introdueix el concepte "Llibertat Postural" en l'àmbit de la cirurgia, aquest es basa en la hipòtesi que, si les eines no forçaren la posició dels cirurgians, aquests mantindrien posicions més favorables i pròximes al rang de posicions neutres durant els processos laparoscòpics. Els beneficis d'aquest concepte han sigut demostrats per mitjà d'anàlisi de moviment i de electromiografía de superfície, els quals indiquen que la "Llibertat Postural" és c, [EN] Laparoscopic surgery is considered one of the main surgical advances in the last decades, this technique has demonstrated numerous advantages compared to open conventional surgery and it is widely used in abdominal procedures around the world. For the patient, laparoscopic surgery suppose less post-operative pain, shorter recovery time, lower risk of infection, and reduction of the trauma among other benefits. For the surgeon, the situation is completely different, this practice requires more effort, concentration and mental stress than conventional open procedures. It forces the surgeon to adopt non-neutral postures with phalanges, hands, wrists, and arms being this non-neutral postures the main cause of muscular fatigue and high risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The poor ergonomic postures accelerate muscle fatigue and pain because, outside the neutral range, muscles require more energy to generate the same contractile force than in neutral position. This increase of muscular fatigue is associated with the potential to commit errors that may harm the patient during the surgery. Because this problem is widely studied and different research centers are already trying to improve their surgeons experience in the operation room, the approach used during this work is different than most of the ones presented in previous works. Generally, the solutions proposed are based on ergonomic changes in the handle shape of the instrument, because the conventional pistol-grip handle is considered ergonomically poor. But the problem is not only in the shape of the handle but also in the fixed point of entrance that force the positions for the surgeon despite the handle¿s shape. In this work, the concept of postural freedom in laparoscopic surgery is introduced and evaluated. The postural freedom concept is based on the hypothesis that the surgeon involuntarily would maintain neutral postures if the instrument does not force him or her to reach extreme position with the upper

Hoy en día los retos que se plantean a la fábrica inteligente dentro del concepto industria 4.0 incluyen, la mejora de la calidad del producto, así como, la optimización del rendimiento de las plantas de producción. Para conseguir estos objetivos, la tecnología “Fog computing” se presenta como una potencial solución a la problemática de procesamiento de datos masivos de producción para detectar anomalías y actuar de forma temprana. Estas aplicaciones se conocen como aplicaciones distribuidas sensibles al contexto, ya que reaccionan a cambios en su entorno. En este caso, de producción. En este proyecto se propone utilizar tecnologías “cloud” pero adaptándolas a los requisitos de eficiencia de estas aplicaciones. En los entornos “cloud” las aplicaciones se ejecutan como componentes virtualizados ligeros o contenedores orquestados de forma centralizada. En este proyecto se propone la extensión de la arquitectura de una de las plataformas de orquestación de contenedores existentes, que permite una planificación de su ejecución basada en negociación en un sistema multi agente (MAS). La eficiencia de la plataforma “cloud” en cuanto a la automatización de la gestión, despliegue y escalado de contenedores, unido a la toma de decisiones descentralizada y autonomía de los sistemas MAS, forman una base robusta para abordar en un futuro aplicaciones de fabricación reconfigurables y eficientes, cuando se detecten anomalías en la planta de producción. En la memoria se realiza el análisis de requisitos como base para la elección de plataforma entre las alternativas existentes. Se describe la plataforma escogida y se presenta la especificación técnica de la extensión de arquitectura. Para analizar el rendimiento de la propuesta desarrollada, se realizan unas pruebas sobre un clúster de procesadores que representa la plataforma Fog, que ha sido desarrollado en el grupo de investigación GCIS de la Escuela de Ingeniería de Bilbao., Gaur egun fabrika inteligenteari planteatzen zaizkion erronkak industria 4.0 kontzeptuaren barnean, ondokoak hartzen ditu: produktuaren kalitatearen hobekuntza, baita ekoizpen fabriken errendimenduaren optimizazioa ere. Helburu hauek lortzeko, produkzioaren datu masiboen arazoari aurre egiteko, irtenbide bezala “Fog computing” aurkezten da, irregulartasunak aurkitzeko eta bizkortasunez erantzuteko. Aplikazio hauek, testuniguruari sentikorrak diren banatutako aplikazioak bezala ezagutzen dira, testuinguruko aldakatei erantzuten baitiote. Kasu honetan, produkzio aldaketak. Proiektu honetan “cloud” teknologiak erabiltzea proposatzen da, baina aplikazio hauen eragikonrtasunaren baldintzetara egokituz. “Cloud” testuinguruetan, aplikazioak osagai arin birtualizatu edota era zentralizatuan antolatutako edukiontzi bezala exekutatzen dira.Proiektu honetan antolamendu plataforma baten luzapena proposatzen da. Bertan, bere exekuzioaren planifikazioa negoziazio bitartez emoten da multi agente sistema (MAS) batean oinarritua. “Cloud” plataformen efizientzia, kudeaketaren, hedapenaren eta edukiontzien eskaladoaren automatizazioari dagokionez, erabaki-hartze deszentralizatuari eta MAS sistemen autonomiari lotuta,etorkizunean fabrikazioren berkonfigurazio efizienteak ekinarazteari oinarri sendoak jartzen dizkio, produkzio plantan arazoak detektatzen direnean. Memoria atalean plataformen betekizunen analisi bat aurkezten da, existitzen diren plataformen artean aukeratu ahal izateko. Aukeratutako plataforma describatzen da eta arkitektura luzapenaren espezifikazio teknikoa aurkezten da. Garatutako proposamenaren errendimendua aztertzeko, Bilboko Ingenieritza eskolako GCIS ikerketa taldeak garatutato Fog plataforma errepresentatzen duen prozesadore cluster batean proba batzuk egiten dita., Nowadays the challenges that arise in the intelligent factory in the concept of the industry 4.0include, the improvement of the quality of the product, as well as, the optimization of the performance of the production plants. The technology of fog computation is presented as a potential solution to the problem of mass production data processing to detect anomalies and act early. These applications are known as distributed context-aware applications, and they react to changes in their environment. In this case, manufacturing. In this project it is proposed to use "cloud" technologies but adapting them to the efficiency requirements of these applications. In cloud environments applications are executed as virtualized components or containers orchestrated in a centralized way.In this project we propose the extension of the architecture of one of the orchestration platforms of the media, which allows scheduling based on the negotiation in a multi agent (MAS) system. The efficiency of the cloud platform in terms of the automation of container management, deployment and scaling, together with decentralized decision making and the autonomy of the MAS systems, form a robust basis for approaching in a near future reconfigurable and efficient manufacturing applications, when anomalies are detected in the production plant. In the memory, it ́s made an analysis of the requirements as a basis for choosing the platform among the existing alternatives. The selected platform is described and the technical specification of the extension of the architecture is presented. To analyze the performance of the developed proposal, there are performed some tests on a processor cluster that represents the fog platform, which has been developed in the GCIS research group of the Bilbao School of Engineering.

The operational environment can be a valuable source of information about the behavior of software applications and their usage context. Although a single instance of an application has limited evidence of the range of the possible behaviors and situations that might be experienced in the field, the collective knowledge composed by the evidence gathered by the many instances of a same application running in several diverse user environments (eg, a browser) might be an invaluable source of information. This information can be exploited by applications able to autonomously analyze how they behave in the field and adjust their behavior accordingly. Augmenting applications with the capability to collaborate and directly share information about their behavior is challenging because it requires the definition of a fully decentralized and dependable networked infrastructure whose nodes are the user machines. The nodes of the infrastructure must be collaborative, to share information, and autonomous, to exploit the available information to change their behavior, for instance, to better accommodate the needs of the users to prevent known problems. This paper describes the initial results that we obtained with the design and the development of an infrastructure that can enable the execution of collaborative scenarios in a fully decentralized way. Our idea is to combine the agent-based paradigm, which is well suited to design collaborative and autonomous nodes, and the peer-to-peer paradigm, which is well suited to design distributed and dynamic network infrastructures. To demonstrate our idea, we augmented the popular JADE agent-based platform with a software layer that supports both the creation of a fully decentralized peer-to-peer network of JADE platforms and the execution of services within that network, thus enabling JADE multiagent systems (MASs) to behave as peer-to-peer networks. The resulting platform can be used to study the design of collaborative applications run

Hoy en día los retos que se plantean a la fábrica inteligente dentro del concepto industria 4.0 incluyen, la mejora de la calidad del producto, así como, la optimización del rendimiento de las plantas de producción. Para conseguir estos objetivos, la tecnología “Fog computing” se presenta como una potencial solución a la problemática de procesamiento de datos masivos de producción para detectar anomalías y actuar de forma temprana. Estas aplicaciones se conocen como aplicaciones distribuidas sensibles al contexto, ya que reaccionan a cambios en su entorno. En este caso, de producción. En este proyecto se propone utilizar tecnologías “cloud” pero adaptándolas a los requisitos de eficiencia de estas aplicaciones. En los entornos “cloud” las aplicaciones se ejecutan como componentes virtualizados ligeros o contenedores orquestados de forma centralizada. En este proyecto se propone la extensión de la arquitectura de una de las plataformas de orquestación de contenedores existentes, que permite una planificación de su ejecución basada en negociación en un sistema multi agente (MAS). La eficiencia de la plataforma “cloud” en cuanto a la automatización de la gestión, despliegue y escalado de contenedores, unido a la toma de decisiones descentralizada y autonomía de los sistemas MAS, forman una base robusta para abordar en un futuro aplicaciones de fabricación reconfigurables y eficientes, cuando se detecten anomalías en la planta de producción. En la memoria se realiza el análisis de requisitos como base para la elección de plataforma entre las alternativas existentes. Se describe la plataforma escogida y se presenta la especificación técnica de la extensión de arquitectura. Para analizar el rendimiento de la propuesta desarrollada, se realizan unas pruebas sobre un clúster de procesadores que representa la plataforma Fog, que ha sido desarrollado en el grupo de investigación GCIS de la Escuela de Ingeniería de Bilbao., Gaur egun fabrika inteligenteari planteatzen zaizkion erronkak industria 4.0 kontzeptuaren barnean, ondokoak hartzen ditu: produktuaren kalitatearen hobekuntza, baita ekoizpen fabriken errendimenduaren optimizazioa ere. Helburu hauek lortzeko, produkzioaren datu masiboen arazoari aurre egiteko, irtenbide bezala “Fog computing” aurkezten da, irregulartasunak aurkitzeko eta bizkortasunez erantzuteko. Aplikazio hauek, testuniguruari sentikorrak diren banatutako aplikazioak bezala ezagutzen dira, testuinguruko aldakatei erantzuten baitiote. Kasu honetan, produkzio aldaketak. Proiektu honetan “cloud” teknologiak erabiltzea proposatzen da, baina aplikazio hauen eragikonrtasunaren baldintzetara egokituz. “Cloud” testuinguruetan, aplikazioak osagai arin birtualizatu edota era zentralizatuan antolatutako edukiontzi bezala exekutatzen dira.Proiektu honetan antolamendu plataforma baten luzapena proposatzen da. Bertan, bere exekuzioaren planifikazioa negoziazio bitartez emoten da multi agente sistema (MAS) batean oinarritua. “Cloud” plataformen efizientzia, kudeaketaren, hedapenaren eta edukiontzien eskaladoaren automatizazioari dagokionez, erabaki-hartze deszentralizatuari eta MAS sistemen autonomiari lotuta,etorkizunean fabrikazioren berkonfigurazio efizienteak ekinarazteari oinarri sendoak jartzen dizkio, produkzio plantan arazoak detektatzen direnean. Memoria atalean plataformen betekizunen analisi bat aurkezten da, existitzen diren plataformen artean aukeratu ahal izateko. Aukeratutako plataforma describatzen da eta arkitektura luzapenaren espezifikazio teknikoa aurkezten da. Garatutako proposamenaren errendimendua aztertzeko, Bilboko Ingenieritza eskolako GCIS ikerketa taldeak garatutato Fog plataforma errepresentatzen duen prozesadore cluster batean proba batzuk egiten dita., Nowadays the challenges that arise in the intelligent factory in the concept of the industry 4.0include, the improvement of the quality of the product, as well as, the optimization of the performance of the production plants. The technology of fog computation is presented as a potential solution to the problem of mass production data processing to detect anomalies and act early. These applications are known as distributed context-aware applications, and they react to changes in their environment. In this case, manufacturing. In this project it is proposed to use "cloud" technologies but adapting them to the efficiency requirements of these applications. In cloud environments applications are executed as virtualized components or containers orchestrated in a centralized way.In this project we propose the extension of the architecture of one of the orchestration platforms of the media, which allows scheduling based on the negotiation in a multi agent (MAS) system. The efficiency of the cloud platform in terms of the automation of container management, deployment and scaling, together with decentralized decision making and the autonomy of the MAS systems, form a robust basis for approaching in a near future reconfigurable and efficient manufacturing applications, when anomalies are detected in the production plant. In the memory, it ́s made an analysis of the requirements as a basis for choosing the platform among the existing alternatives. The selected platform is described and the technical specification of the extension of the architecture is presented. To analyze the performance of the developed proposal, there are performed some tests on a processor cluster that represents the fog platform, which has been developed in the GCIS research group of the Bilbao School of Engineering.

Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) are contributing to a broad set of domains. In particular, Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are increasingly approaching critical areas such as medicine, autonomous vehicles, criminal justice, and financial markets. Such a trend is producing a growing AI-Human society entanglement. Thus, several concerns are raised around user acceptance of AI agents. Trust issues, mainly due to their lack of explainability, are the most relevant. In recent decades, the priority has been pursuing the optimal performance at the expenses of the interpretability. It led to remarkable achievements in fields such as computer vision, natural language processing, and decision-making systems. However, the crucial questions driven by the social reluctance to accept AI-based decisions may lead to entirely new dynamics and technologies fostering explainability, authenticity, and user-centricity. This paper proposes a joint approach employing both blockchain technology (BCT) and explainability in the decision-making process of MAS. By doing so, current opaque decision-making processes can be made more transparent and secure and thereby trustworthy from the human user standpoint. Moreover, several case studies involving Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are discussed. Finally, the paper discusses roles, balance, and trade-offs between explainability and BCT in trust-dependent systems.

Hoy en día los retos que se plantean a la fábrica inteligente dentro del concepto industria 4.0 incluyen, la mejora de la calidad del producto, así como, la optimización del rendimiento de las plantas de producción. Para conseguir estos objetivos, la tecnología “Fog computing” se presenta como una potencial solución a la problemática de procesamiento de datos masivos de producción para detectar anomalías y actuar de forma temprana. Estas aplicaciones se conocen como aplicaciones distribuidas sensibles al contexto, ya que reaccionan a cambios en su entorno. En este caso, de producción. En este proyecto se propone utilizar tecnologías “cloud” pero adaptándolas a los requisitos de eficiencia de estas aplicaciones. En los entornos “cloud” las aplicaciones se ejecutan como componentes virtualizados ligeros o contenedores orquestados de forma centralizada. En este proyecto se propone la extensión de la arquitectura de una de las plataformas de orquestación de contenedores existentes, que permite una planificación de su ejecución basada en negociación en un sistema multi agente (MAS). La eficiencia de la plataforma “cloud” en cuanto a la automatización de la gestión, despliegue y escalado de contenedores, unido a la toma de decisiones descentralizada y autonomía de los sistemas MAS, forman una base robusta para abordar en un futuro aplicaciones de fabricación reconfigurables y eficientes, cuando se detecten anomalías en la planta de producción. En la memoria se realiza el análisis de requisitos como base para la elección de plataforma entre las alternativas existentes. Se describe la plataforma escogida y se presenta la especificación técnica de la extensión de arquitectura. Para analizar el rendimiento de la propuesta desarrollada, se realizan unas pruebas sobre un clúster de procesadores que representa la plataforma Fog, que ha sido desarrollado en el grupo de investigación GCIS de la Escuela de Ingeniería de Bilbao., Gaur egun fabrika inteligenteari planteatzen zaizkion erronkak industria 4.0 kontzeptuaren barnean, ondokoak hartzen ditu: produktuaren kalitatearen hobekuntza, baita ekoizpen fabriken errendimenduaren optimizazioa ere. Helburu hauek lortzeko, produkzioaren datu masiboen arazoari aurre egiteko, irtenbide bezala “Fog computing” aurkezten da, irregulartasunak aurkitzeko eta bizkortasunez erantzuteko. Aplikazio hauek, testuniguruari sentikorrak diren banatutako aplikazioak bezala ezagutzen dira, testuinguruko aldakatei erantzuten baitiote. Kasu honetan, produkzio aldaketak. Proiektu honetan “cloud” teknologiak erabiltzea proposatzen da, baina aplikazio hauen eragikonrtasunaren baldintzetara egokituz. “Cloud” testuinguruetan, aplikazioak osagai arin birtualizatu edota era zentralizatuan antolatutako edukiontzi bezala exekutatzen dira.Proiektu honetan antolamendu plataforma baten luzapena proposatzen da. Bertan, bere exekuzioaren planifikazioa negoziazio bitartez emoten da multi agente sistema (MAS) batean oinarritua. “Cloud” plataformen efizientzia, kudeaketaren, hedapenaren eta edukiontzien eskaladoaren automatizazioari dagokionez, erabaki-hartze deszentralizatuari eta MAS sistemen autonomiari lotuta,etorkizunean fabrikazioren berkonfigurazio efizienteak ekinarazteari oinarri sendoak jartzen dizkio, produkzio plantan arazoak detektatzen direnean. Memoria atalean plataformen betekizunen analisi bat aurkezten da, existitzen diren plataformen artean aukeratu ahal izateko. Aukeratutako plataforma describatzen da eta arkitektura luzapenaren espezifikazio teknikoa aurkezten da. Garatutako proposamenaren errendimendua aztertzeko, Bilboko Ingenieritza eskolako GCIS ikerketa taldeak garatutato Fog plataforma errepresentatzen duen prozesadore cluster batean proba batzuk egiten dita., Nowadays the challenges that arise in the intelligent factory in the concept of the industry 4.0include, the improvement of the quality of the product, as well as, the optimization of the performance of the production plants. The technology of fog computation is presented as a potential solution to the problem of mass production data processing to detect anomalies and act early. These applications are known as distributed context-aware applications, and they react to changes in their environment. In this case, manufacturing. In this project it is proposed to use "cloud" technologies but adapting them to the efficiency requirements of these applications. In cloud environments applications are executed as virtualized components or containers orchestrated in a centralized way.In this project we propose the extension of the architecture of one of the orchestration platforms of the media, which allows scheduling based on the negotiation in a multi agent (MAS) system. The efficiency of the cloud platform in terms of the automation of container management, deployment and scaling, together with decentralized decision making and the autonomy of the MAS systems, form a robust basis for approaching in a near future reconfigurable and efficient manufacturing applications, when anomalies are detected in the production plant. In the memory, it ́s made an analysis of the requirements as a basis for choosing the platform among the existing alternatives. The selected platform is described and the technical specification of the extension of the architecture is presented. To analyze the performance of the developed proposal, there are performed some tests on a processor cluster that represents the fog platform, which has been developed in the GCIS research group of the Bilbao School of Engineering.

Sunflower is the second most common crop among hybrids, worldwide. Development of cytoplasmic male sterile and fertility restoration lines enables creation of hybrids. Sunflower hybrid breeding most frequently relies on the combination of the CMS PET1 cytoplasm and the fertility restoration gene Rf1. Use of molecular markers can accelerate creation of restorer lines. Previous work on this subject included mapping of the Rf1 gene on chromosome 13 and development of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries for the restorer line RHA325 and the maintainer line HA383, which enabled positioning of BAC clones surrounding the Rf1 gene in the cross RHA325 x HA342. In this study, BAC-end sequences were used to derive primers in order to amplify selected regions from RHA325 and the maintainer line, HA342. While the majority of primer combinations were monomorphic, some were polymorphic between RHA325 and HA342. Previously reported markers for detection of Rf1 gene and newly developed ones based on BAC-end sequences were further tested on hybrids and its components (A, B and R lines) created at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad.

The operational environment can be a valuable source of information about the behavior of software applications and their usage context. Although a single instance of an application has limited evidence of the range of the possible behaviors and situations that might be experienced in the field, the collective knowledge composed by the evidence gathered by the many instances of a same application running in several diverse user environments (eg, a browser) might be an invaluable source of information. This information can be exploited by applications able to autonomously analyze how they behave in the field and adjust their behavior accordingly. Augmenting applications with the capability to collaborate and directly share information about their behavior is challenging because it requires the definition of a fully decentralized and dependable networked infrastructure whose nodes are the user machines. The nodes of the infrastructure must be collaborative, to share information, and autonomous, to exploit the available information to change their behavior, for instance, to better accommodate the needs of the users to prevent known problems. This paper describes the initial results that we obtained with the design and the development of an infrastructure that can enable the execution of collaborative scenarios in a fully decentralized way. Our idea is to combine the agent-based paradigm, which is well suited to design collaborative and autonomous nodes, and the peer-to-peer paradigm, which is well suited to design distributed and dynamic network infrastructures. To demonstrate our idea, we augmented the popular JADE agent-based platform with a software layer that supports both the creation of a fully decentralized peer-to-peer network of JADE platforms and the execution of services within that network, thus enabling JADE multiagent systems (MASs) to behave as peer-to-peer networks. The resulting platform can be used to study the design of collaborative applications run