Search

Ausgehend von der Perspektive sozialwissenschaftlicher Biographieforschung, wie sie von Alheit und Dausien vertreten wird, werden in diesem Artikel Ergebnisse einer biographieanalytischen Studie zu den Tagebüchern der Fürstin Louise von Anhalt-Dessau präsentiert. Im Fokus der Interpretation stehen dabei insbesondere die in den Selbstzeugnissen und ausgewählten Korrespondenzen vorzufindenden Konstruktionen von Weiblichkeit. Die Analyse der Selbstzeugnisse im Hinblick auf die subjektiven Sinndeutungen im Kontext der eigenen Geschlechtlichkeit wird gerahmt von einer Betrachtung der im Landsitz der Fürstin dargestellten weiblichen Tugenden als ein beispielhafter Ausdruck der die Handlungsräume der Fürstin bedingenden gesellschaftlichen Struktur. Auch unter Einbeziehung einzelner freundschaftlichen Beziehungen zu weib-lichen und männlichen Angehörigen des Bürgertums, die einerseits als Spiegel der gesellschaftlichen Geschlechterstruktur und andererseits als Ort der Reflexion über die zeitgenössische Rolle der Frau anzusehen sind, kann in der Analyse aufgezeigt werden, auf welche Weise das Leben Louises geprägt ist von biographischen Suchbewegungen. Innerhalb dieses Prozesses gelangt sie zu einem Welt- und Selbstverständnis, das nicht mit einer bloßen Anpassung an die Strukturen der ständisch organisierten Gesellschaft, wie sie vormodernen Subjekten oftmals zugeschrieben wird, zu fassen ist.

In den jüngeren Generationen wünschen sich Männer zunehmend ein neues männliches Rollenmodell und mehr Zeit für nicht-erwerbsbezogenen Lebensbereiche. Auch wenn die Teilzeitarbeit von Männern im Laufe der letzten 30 Jahre angestiegen ist, so besteht nach wie vor eine erhebliche Lücke in der Nutzung von Teilzeitarbeit zwischen Männern und Frauen. Vor diesem Hintergrund beschäftigt sich dieses Buch gezielt mit der Frage, welche strukturellen Barrieren für die Teilzeitbeschäftigung von Männern auf der Ebene von Berufen bestehen. Ausgehend von der Lebensverlaufsperspektive werden die Übergänge von Vollzeit- in Teilzeitbeschäftigung, der Wechsel aus Teilzeit- in Vollzeittätigkeiten sowie die Nachteile durch Teilzeitarbeit beim Aufstieg in eine Leitungsposition untersucht. Als strukturelle Einflussfaktoren werden die berufliche Geschlechtersegregation und berufliche Arbeitszeitarrangements in den Blick genommen.

While there is a growing body of research on Ciganos/Roma in Portugal, little is known about how Cigano youth transition into adulthood. In this article, we address this gap by drawing on a qualitative study on the transitions of young Ciganos living in Cascais, a coastal municipality in the Lisbon district. Using a multi‐method approach, we explore the life course trajectories of Cigano youth within the areas of education, livelihoods, and marriage, and how these areas shape their transition experiences. The empirical material shows that the transition into adulthood of Cigano youth is influenced by broader structural and socio‐cultural factors. Processes of socialization, ethnicity, and gender restrict young Ciganos’ participation in education and formal labor markets, which increases their vulnerability to marginalization and exclusion in society. Cigano youth, however, initiate different pathways in their life trajectories to achieve adulthood. By focusing on the voices of Cigano youth, we challenge the homogenization of their lives in Portugal and highlight how social age and linked lives shape their transitions into adulthood.

Roma people are likely Europe’s most discriminated and marginalized minority. In the past years, increasing attention has been paid to their migration to Western Europe and their limited social mobility in their countries of destination. Our article focuses on the "post‐return" experiences of Roma and the changes generated by return migration in their communities of origin, a topic largely neglected so far. We build on recent debates around post‐return positionality, asking how adult and old Roma returnees experience return. We thus contribute to the growing literature on return migration and lifecourse that distinguishes between the return migration of children and youth, that of adults, and that of older migrants. Focusing on Roma returnees, we employ an understanding of migration not just as a means of generating resources, but also as a learning process where the Roma population acquires new ideas and a sense of agency and dignity. Informed by long‐term fieldwork in ethnically mixed localities in Romania (including participant observation and 76 semi‐structured interviews), we inquire into the ethnic relations and negotiations between Roma and non‐Roma populations. Migration results in a weakening of the economic dependency of the Roma on the non‐Roma. In this new context, which is still marred by ethnic prejudice and inequality, we analysed how local interethnic relations were reshaped by the returned Roma’s new consumption practices, new modes of communication, and new claims for equality. While adult Roma tend to demand equality and decent treatment, setting in motion a process of ethnic change, older returned Roma tend to maintain more submissive practices.

Mündliche Stegreiferzählungen von selbsterlebten Erfahrungen sind in mehrerlei Hinsicht leibliche und verkörperte soziale Handlungen. Biographische Erfahrungen werden körperlich gemacht, später erinnernd einverleibt und beim Erzählen performativ kommuniziert. Zu einer mündlich dargebrachten biographischen Erzählung gehören zuhörende Menschen, die während des Erzählhandelns in die erlebte Vergangenheit des/der Erzählenden reisen. Die Verwobenheit des Körperlich-Leiblichen mit dem Gesprochenen in mündlichen autobiographischen Erzählungen führt so zu gemeinschaftlich konstruiertem, biographischem „Gestalten“. Obwohl leiblich-körperliches Erleben, Erinnern und Erzählen in der kommunikativen Konstruktion von Biographie somit höchste Bedeutung haben, wurde dieser Aspekt in der Analyse biographischer Selbstpräsentationen bisher nur wenig beleuchtet. Die methodologischen Überlegungen des Beitrages, veranschaulicht an Datenmaterial aus einem ethnographisch angelegten Interview, das in Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel, mit einer an chronischen Schmerzen leidenden Frau geführt wurde, sollen zu einer stärkeren Einbindung körperlich-leiblicher Aspekte in biographischen Fallrekonstruktionen anregen.

Based on a qualitative analysis of 12 solo self-employed women’s work biographies, this article investigates the (re)structuring effects of solo self-employment on the professional and private lives of women in Germany in their mid- and late-career stages. While solo self-employment has been gaining significance in the German labour market in the last two decades, it is largely an underresearched subject from the perspective of female labour market participation. Our study shows that the transition to working solo self-employed constitutes a marked break in female work biographies with lasting restructuring effects on their life courses. Constituting a deviation from the female standard life course, this move can be understood as a coping strategy of biographical discontinuities, which translates into specific patterns against the background that women (still) assume most of the care and housework responsibilities. How the transition to solo self-employment is being prepared and managed and what role learning and risk management play in the transition process is the focus of our article. Our aim is to better understand the underlining rationalisation logics of female solo self-employment in terms of labour market participation, reconciling work and family life, and professional self-realisation. While in the German welfare system solo self-employed bear higher risks of precarity and financial old age insecurity, solo self-employment is functional as an individual strategy for action, giving women the opportunity to do justice to their (mid) life courses and intrinsic needs to pursue both professional work and freedom of choice when and how to work. This may act as a corrective for gender inequalities in the world of work, especially when it comes to working in a self-determined way.

This article analyzes the impact of marital status and spousal employment on the timing of retirement in Germany and Spain. Retirement behavior is examined by means of event–history models, with a competing risks framework being used to distinguish between voluntary and involuntary work-exit transitions. To take account of the role of social policies, we adopt a comparative approach. Data are drawn from a 2006 special retirement module implemented analogously in national labor force surveys. The results show that spousal labor market participation plays a large role in work-exit transitions, even when retirement is involuntary. This finding questions the widespread belief that coretirement is exclusively due to preference for joint retirement shared among spouses. Moreover, widows and widowers tend to retire prematurely in Germany, whereas no such effect could be found in Spain. This finding is explained by reference to specific economic incentives arising from national pension legislation.

This paper analyses social variability in retirement timing. It draws on a social stratification perspective, which arguably provides a richer theoretical framework than one-dimensional pull or push approaches. The first objective is to establish how class membership influences both the timing of retirement as well as the degree of accessibility to different pathways to retirement. The second objective is to elucidate the interplay of gender and class in work-exit dynamics. The empirical analysis uses data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to estimate a series of event-history models for a sample of respondents from 11 Western European countries. The results show that social class exerts a strong influence on retirement processes, over and beyond other socio-economic characteristics, and especially on the risk of involuntary retirement. Employment constraints (push factors) and economic incentives (pull factors) affect workers in different class positions in markedly different ways. While there exist significant gender differences in retirement behaviour, these appear to be largely driven by women’s lower class positions. The article concludes that ill health and unemployment remain heavy obstacles to prolonging working life in contemporary Western Europe.

This article examines interconnections between place‐based education and the Latin American Canadian migratory life course. It presents findings of a grounded theory study that utilized in‐depth interviews of 15 Latin American Canadian immigrant older adults (55 years and older) who participate in a mobile adult day support programme in northwest Toronto. The study explored the experiences of service‐users of place‐based education aimed at developing or strengthening their livelihood strategies. Findings revealed that many ageing immigrants view place‐based education as a vital resource that supports their ability to access culturally specific and mainstream services, expands their social networks, and can boost their life chances at successive life course stages. However, findings also indicated that immigrants also view place‐based education as inadequate and ill‐timed and would have preferred greater access to education when they first settled in Canada. The article contributes to emergent scholarship on ageing, transnational migration, and localized education for settlement and integration. Conceptually, it advances a life course justice approach to racialized immigrants' later‐life learning by underscoring the utility of integrating a critical pedagogy of place into community education.

How are activation programs for the young unemployed implemented? How do street-level bureaucrats deal with competing rationalities and demands for action? Transition policies increasingly aim at promoting self-regulation and constructing employable subjects. The author explores the practical regulation of biographical transitions in activation programs for the young unemployed by focusing on the interactive accomplishment of activation work. The study reveals how the critical tensions of activation policies are continually re-interpreted and adapted to local contingencies and describes the various organisational technologies used for creating employable subjects.

Dieser Aufsatz dokumentiert die computergestützte Sekundäranalyse des Interviewbestands aus dem Oral History-Projekt Lebensgeschichte und Sozialkultur im Ruhrgebiet. Durch Anwendung des Text Mining-Verfahrens Topic Modeling wurde das Interviewkorpus statistisch vermessen und anschließend entlang inhaltsbeschreibender Keywords explorativ untersucht. Auf diese Weise konnte systematisch vom Allgemeinen - der Erfahrung von Industriearbeit im Ruhrgebiet - zum unter der Oberfläche der Sammlung schlummernden Besonderen vorgedrungen werden: die Rolle von Frauen, die in der Nachkriegszeit zunehmend in die Verwaltungen der Industrieunternehmen des Ruhrgebiets einzogen, bei der Automatisierung und Computerisierung von Verwaltungsvorgängen. In einem anschließenden Close Reading der gefilterten Interviews fielen die nach Geschlecht divergierenden Narrative und Wertungen von Modernisierungsprozessen auf.

This article tackles the issue of professional inclusion of "knowledgeable" migrants under consideration of the paradigmatic life course framework. It thus aims to contribute to international research on human capital valorisation. The comparative analysis of this study is grounded on qualitative data from 30 in‐depth interviews with German, Romanian, and Italian qualified movers in Italy and Germany, who did not migrate for reasons resulting from economic hardship or poverty, but rather to improve their living conditions on familial (tied movers), professional, or socio‐cultural level. Our research aimed to investigate their professional trajectories and corresponding skill utilisation. Findings of the study confirm two predominant tracks of professional integration in the labour host context characterised either by transcultural competence transfer and utilisation or by professional re‐invention and skills acquisition. Particular attention within the data analysis and corresponding conclusions has been paid to potential dynamics for social and economic up and downward mobility and the role of the three heterogenous (more and less privileged) national and cultural backgrounds for brain circulation.

Durch die Deutsche Einheit konnten in Ostdeutschland alle Generationen Zugewinne an politischer und wirtschaftlicher Freiheit erlangen. Die Auswirkungen des Einheitsprozesses auf die Lebensläufe und Lebenssituationen sind dagegen sehr unterschiedlich auf die Generationen verteilt. Einige haben in erheblichem Maße profitiert, während in anderen Generationen viele Personen mit Herausforderungen und Verlusterfahrungen konfrontiert waren. Von den wirtschaftlichen Herausforderungen des Einheitsprozesses waren besonders die zwischen 1960 und 1985 geborenen Personen betroffen. Diese "Wendegeneration" befand sich in den Zeiten des Umbruchs in einer Lebensphase, in der die Weichen für das Erwerbsleben und die Familiengründung gestellt werden. Viele Personen der Wendegeneration konnten ihr Leben dennoch erfolgreich gestalten, wobei ein nicht unerheblicher Teil dabei die Heimatregion verlassen hat. Daneben findet sich in dieser Generation aber auch ein höherer Anteil von Personen, bei denen der Umbruch deutliche Spuren in den Lebensläufen hinterlassen hat. Die besonderen Herausforderungen, mit welchen diese Wendegeneration konfrontiert war, stehen kaum im öffentlichen Fokus.

Obwohl grundsätzlich die Funktion der Adoleszenz als psychosoziales Moratorium weithin anerkannt ist, scheinen zugleich normative Erwartungen omnipräsent, die sich letztlich auf berufliche Qualifikationsziele richten. Aus einer biografischen Studie von Siegert (2021), die den Titel "Lebenswege erzählen" trägt, lassen sich Zeitbedarfe, Zeitverwendungsmuster und Lebensthemen rekonstruieren, die vor der Verständnisfolie eines linearen Übergangs von der Schule in den Beruf nicht erkennbar sind und auch vom Konzept eines psychosozialen Moratoriums nur unzureichend erfasst werden. Dem Beitrag liegt empirisches Material zugrunde, das illustriert und diskutiert wird. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der Umgang mit der eigenen Gesundheit und Beziehungen zeitintensive Lebens- und Übergangsthemen der Jugendlichen sind, die zeitgleich zum Übergang Schule-Beruf bearbeitet werden., Despite a general recognition of the function of adolescence as a psycho-social moratorium, normative expectations focused primarily on vocational qualifications seem omnipresent. The study "Lebenswege erzählen" by Siegert (2021) provides the empirical basis for the analysis in this article. It contains biographical interviews which allow for the reconstruction of time requirements and patterns and real-life topics occupying adolescents that are not obvious when considering a linear transition from school to work and are also insufficiently covered by the concept of a psycho-social moratorium. It is shown that dealing with one's own health and relationships are time-intensive life and transition topics for young people, which are dealt with at the same time as the transition from school to work.

Lifecourse transitions from adulthood into older age are particularly complex for transnationalmigrants, bringing additional challenges and opportunities. Adding to the growing literature on ageing and migration, this article illustrates the ways ICTs facilitate the transnational lifecourse transitions of Vietnamese migrant grandparents in Australia through lifecourse digital learning. Research findings highlight the crucial role that digital citizenship plays in supporting migrant grandparents' adaptation to increasingly mobile lives through practices of digital kinning and digital homing. These practices include using technological tools to maintain social support networks, exchange transnational caregiving, tackle language, navigation, and social integration barriers, and consume culturally relevant media, all of which support migrant identities and belongings. Findings confirm the importance of ICTs in promoting lifecourse digital learning for older migrants who are often stereotyped for their poor learning capacities and ability to adapt to new living arrangements because of their older age.

Dieser Beitrag untersucht den Wiedereinstieg von Frauen* mit Behinderung oder chronischer Erkrankung nach einer Unterbrechung als zentralen Übergang in der beruflichen Laufbahn in Zusammenhang mit dem gesamten Berufs- und Lebensverlauf. Die weit unterdurchschnittliche Teilhabe von Frauen* mit Behinderung an Erwerbsarbeit weist auf die Relevanz weitergehender Erkenntnisse hin. Wir verbinden das soziale Modell von Behinderung aus den Disability Studies mit einem geschlechtersoziologischen Ansatz der Soziologie des Lebenslaufs. Mit einem erweiterten Begriff von Arbeit, der Care-Arbeit und Arbeit, die mit einer Behinderung erforderlich wird, einbezieht, analysieren wir, wie sich Familienzyklus und Behinderungszyklus auf die berufliche Laufbahn auswirken. Mit diesem erweiterten Arbeitsbegriff können wir in der Pilotstudie auf der Grundlage von qualitativen Expert*inneninterviews in Beratungsstellen in einer ländlichen Region zeigen, dass u. a. fehlende Kapazitäten und Ressourcen sowie kumulative Benachteiligungen aufgrund von Geschlecht und Behinderung zu Berufsunterbrechungen bei Frauen* mit Behinderung führten. Weitere Forschung zu den Erfahrungen von Frauen* mit Behinderung selbst sollte sich Bildungsungleichheiten sowie Differenzen aufgrund von Behinderung und Alter widmen., This article analyses the re-entry to work of women with disabilities or chronic disease following an interruption as an important transition in their working life, in relation to their entire career and life course. Women with disabilities' disproportionately low participation in gainful employment highlights the need for further examination of this issue. We combine the social model of disability in disability studies with a gender analysis approach in the sociology of the life course to analyse the topic. Based on a broader concept or work - which includes care work and work related to disability - we analyse the impact of the family cycle and the disabling cycle on women's career trajectories. Our pilot study, which is based on qualitative expert interviews conducted in counselling centres in a rural region of Germany, gives us an insight into the conditions of disabled women’s return to work. Applying a broadened concept of work, we can demonstrate how a lack of capacities, resources and cumulative disadvantages based on gender and disability led to interruptions in employment for women with disability and chronic disease. Further research is needed on the experiences of women with disabilities or chronic disease themselves which specifically takes account of educational inequalities and differences in terms of disability and age.

Existing research has found that since the late 1960s, the pathway to adulthood in Western countries has undergone complex changes, but few studies have investigated such changes and the effect of childhood family background on the transition to adulthood within the Chinese context. This study aims to examine the role of childhood family background in the transition to adulthood among Chinese youth born between 1930 and 1979. We identified four clusters of trajectories to adulthood in both the family and occupational domain. In the occupational domain, more than a quarter of respondents fall into the cluster of high studies & non-agricultural employment and in the family domain, nearly one-third of the sample follows the clusters of marriage & one child and staying single longer, reflecting the increasing diversity and delay in transition to adulthood. Parents' occupations during childhood had a significant effect on both occupational trajectory and family trajectory. Higher occupational status of parents delayed the transition to adulthood, while lower occupational status of parents promoted the transition to adulthood. Family economic status during childhood had a greater effect on occupational trajectories. Young people with worse family financial situations in childhood were more likely to enter the labour market earlier, while those with better family financial situations were more likely to receive long-term education and delay entering the workforce. The mother's religious belief had a more significant effect on the family life course. Youths with non-religious mothers were more likely to fall into the unmarried or childless cluster. In the Chinese context, the political status of the father played an important role in adult transition. A father's Communist party membership in childhood was positively correlated with the likelihood that individuals would follow the pattern of trajectory to adulthood characterised by long-term education.

Der Beitrag untersucht mittels kleinräumiger Wanderungsdaten der Stadt Leipzig für die Region Leipzig, wie sich Suburbanisierungstrends junger Familien im Zeitraum zwischen 2015 und 2020 entwickelt haben. Dabei werden insbesondere Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie und der Wohnungsmarktentwicklungen auf die Stadt-Umland-Wanderungen betrachtet. Führt die Corona-Pandemie zu „Stadtflucht“ und zu einer Neubewertung des Lebens „auf dem Land“, wie in den Medien dargestellt? Ist angesichts ungebremst steigender Mieten und Immobilienpreise in den Kernstädten eine verstärkte Abwanderung junger Familien in die Umlandgemeinden zu beobachten? Mit der hin&weg-Anwendung werden die Bevölkerungsbewegungen analysiert und visualisiert, um aktuelle Muster der Familienwanderungen in der Region aufzudecken.

In general, the literature about social support networks (SSNs) has been divided into two different statements: On the one hand, social support is a safety net that helps the ego confront disadvantages in life. On the other hand, studies have shown how SSNs could act as sources of constraints for ego, especially in poverty. In this study, we looked into the SSNs of older people over time and found how those two paths co‐exist and depend on the socioeconomic status of ego. Then, this article aims to discover how cumulative social inequalities intersect with social networks in facilitating or hampering social support over time, impacting retirement experience. Specifically, we want to observe if and how the life trajectories of older people from different socioeconomic statuses affect how people build their SSNs in terms of structure and composition. This article presents a mixed‐method project that collected qualitative life history interviews from 30 older women and men in Santiago, Chile. The results show that socioeconomic status plays a role in shaping individual experiences of retirement but that these experiences are shaped through SSNs structural and compositional characteristics. People identify salient life events and the relevant networks and conjointly discuss supportive and/or exploitative aspects of their networks. The amount of support they give to others or that they receive from their alters accumulates over time, resulting in a progressive social inclusion or exclusion mechanism. This article concludes that SSNs during retirement are shaped by the ego’s socioeconomic status and life history.

How are gendered work-family life courses associated with financial well-being in retirement? In this article we compare the cohorts born 1920-1950 in West Germany and Switzerland, whose adult life courses are characterized by similar strong male-breadwinner contexts in both countries. The countries differ in that Switzerland represented a liberal pension system, whereas Germany represented a corporatist protective pension system when these cohorts retired. We therefore assess how gendered work-family life courses that developed in similar male-breadwinner contexts are related to financial well-being in retirement in different pension systems. Using data from the SHARELIFE survey we conduct multichannel sequence analysis and cluster analysis to identify groups of typical work-family life courses from ages 20 to 59. Regression models estimate how these groups are associated with the individual pension income and household income in retirement. Results show that women who combined motherhood with part time work and extended periods out of the labour force have even lower individual pension income in Switzerland compared to their German peers. This relative disadvantage partly extends to lower household income in retirement. Findings support that male breadwinner policies earlier in life combined with liberal pension policies later in life, as in Switzerland, intensify pension penalties for typical female work-family life courses of early motherhood and weak labour force attachment. We conclude that life course sensitive social policies should harmonize regulations, which are in effect earlier in life with policies later in life for specific birth cohorts.

The German Ageing Survey (DEAS), funded by the Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth (BMFSFJ), is a nationwide representative cross-sectional and longitudinal survey of the German middle-aged and older population. The German Centre of Gerontology in Berlin (DZA) is responsible for the conduct and ongoing development of thestudy. The primary goal of the DEAS survey program is to provide a representative national database containing information describing the living conditions and to study the diversity within the older section of the population, the process of ageing as it affects individuals and processes of social change as they relate to old age and ageing. The DEAS covers a wide range of topics. The data obtained provide information on socioeconomic and demographic attributes as well as household composition, housing, family structure, social networks, psychological resources, attitudes as well as and physical and mental health. The comprehensive examination of people over 40 provides micro data for use both in social and behavioral scientific research and in reporting on social developments. The data thus provides a source of information for decision-makers, the general public and for scientific research. Microdata of the German Ageing Survey (DEAS) are available free of charge to scientific researchers for non-profitable purposes. The Research Data Centre (FDZ-DZA) provides access and support to scholars interested in using DEAS data for their research. Data and documentations from completed DEAS waves are available by the FDZ-DZA (https://www.dza.de/en/research/fdz). However, for reasons of data protection, signing a data distribution contract is required before data can be obtained. The DEAS applies a cohort-sequential design, which allows the users to analyze societal trends and individual trajectories (embedded inside societal trends) and to disentangle age effects from cohort effects. The first DEAS survey wave took place in

Although extensive research investigates the consequences of teenage motherhood, there is still very limited research exploring young mothers' experiences in their own voices. This gap is particularly evident for those non-Western developing countries in which women's voices are largely muted. This paper explores women's perceptions and evaluations of their early motherhood, drawing on their lived experiences and retrospective accounts. This study also investigates how early first birth influences these mother's subsequent fertility. The study adopts a qualitative method based on interviews with a total of 17 women in several cities in Turkey who had their first birth at a young age (ages 17-22). A qualitative approach is most suitable for this research area, which aims to explore young mothers' interpretations of their fertility timing and the consequences of this event for their lives in general, including subjective evaluations and subtle meanings. A key finding of this study is that the interviewees describe early childbearing as a negative event in their life course, convey regret for having had an early first birth, and report a feeling of dissatisfaction with being a young mother. A second finding concerns the influence of early first birth on subsequent childbearing. The women's accounts indicate that subsequent fertility operated as a compensation for the missed feelings of motherhood and served as an opportunity to heal from hurtful experiences. This study points to the importance of social context in determining the consequences of early fertility.

According to the individualization of the life–course hypothesis, a largest set of institutionalized options available should facilitate individuals in realizing their preferences for the timing of life–course transitions. This study contributes to the literature by considering differences by gender and education (and their interaction) in the ability to fulfil preferences for early retirement across welfare states. We use longitudinal data from the SHARE survey as it includes information on preferences for early retirement expressed before actual retirement: we therefore avoid biases driven by the assessment of preferences for the timing of retirement after it occurred. We estimate discrete time regression models and find that positive preferences for early retirement are associated with an actual anticipation of retirement with respect to the statutory age. Although the size of the effect is small, it remains statistically significant even after models are adjusted for a number of potential confounding factors. However, no differences by gender and education (or their interaction) exist in the strength of the correspondence between preferences and behaviour. Finally, these results do not vary across welfare regimes. This evidence suggests that the timing of the transition to retirement is only marginally shaped by preferences and it is still strongly institutionalized, being a by-product of "agency-within-structure" mechanisms rather than an individualized process.

Der Deutsche Alterssurvey (DEAS) ist eine vom Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) geförderte Langzeitstudie des Deutschen Zentrums für Altersfragen (DZA) zum Wandel der Lebenssituationen und Alternsverläufe von Menschen, die sich in der zweiten Lebenshälfte befinden. Grundlage sind bundesweit repräsentative Befragungen im Quer- und Längsschnitt von jeweils mehreren tausend Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern im Alter ab 40 Jahren. Die beteiligten Personen werden umfassend zu ihren objektiven und subjektiven Lebensbedingungen befragt. Hinzu kommen Testverfahren zur Erhebung der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit und körperlichen Gesundheit. Aufgrund seines kohortensequenziellen Längsschnittdesigns, seiner Themenbreite, seiner nationalen Repräsentativität mit vergleichsweise hoher Fallzahl und der bereits relativ langen Beobachtungsdauer stellt der DEAS eine in Deutschland einzigartige Datenquelle zur interdisziplinären Erforschung der Lebenssituationen und Lebensverläufe sowie der subjektiven Sichtweisen und Lebenspläne älterwerdender und alter Menschen dar.

The German Ageing Survey (DEAS) is a nationwide representative cross-sectional and longitudinal survey of the German population aged over 40. It is funded by the Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth (BMFSFJ). The German Centre of Gerontology in Berlin (DZA) is responsible for the conduct and ongoing development of the study. The primary goal of the DEAS-Survey program is to provide a representative national database containing information describing the living conditions of the country's middle-aged and older population and to study the diversity within the older section of the population, the process of ageing as it affects individuals and processes of social change as they relate to old age and ageing. The DEAS covers a wide range of topics. The data obtained provide information on socioeconomic and demographic attributes as well as household composition, housing, family structure, social networks, psychological resources, attitudes as well as and physical and mental health. The comprehensive examination of people in mid- and older adulthood provides micro data for use both in social and behavioral scientific research and in reporting on social developments. The data thus provides a source of information for decision-makers, the general public and for scientific research. Microdata of the German Ageing Survey (DEAS) are available free of charge to scientific researchers for non-profitable purposes. The Research Data Centre (FDZ-DZA) provides access and support to scholars interested in using DEAS data for their research. Data and documentations from completed DEAS waves are available by the FDZ-DZA (https://www.dza.de/en/research/fdz). However, for reasons of data protection, signing a data distribution contract is required before data can be obtained. The DEAS applies a cohort-sequential design, which allows the users to analyze societal trends and individual trajectories (embedded inside societal trends) and to disentangle age ef

Die Studie rekonstruiert zunächst, mit Hilfe der Gesellschaftstheorie Niklas Luhmanns, die besondere strukturelle Problemlage des modernen Erziehungssystems. Dabei wird insbesondere hervorgehoben, wie die Erfüllung der Funktion des Erziehungssystems (die Qualifizierung für Lebensläufe und Karrieren) durch die inzwischen erreichte Dynamik moderner Gesellschaft erschwert wird: Das System hat für Lebensläufe in einer in ihren Einzelheiten immer weniger voraussehbaren Zukunft zu qualifizieren; es agiert unter Bedingungen immer offensichtlicher werdender Ungewissheit. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird dann gezeigt, dass geisteswissenschaftliche "Bildung durch Wissenschaft" eine dieser Lage besonders gut anpasste Problemlösung darstellt: Während "praxisorientierte" Bildung Fertigkeiten vermittelt, die unmittelbar auf bestimmte Anforderungen zielen, vermittelt "Bildung durch Wissenschaft" Fertigkeiten, die auch noch mittelbar nützlich sind, wenn gesellschaftliche Anforderungen sich fundamental ändern - wie in den zurückliegenden zwei Jahrzehnten. Darum wird dieser Zeitraum hier auch wie ein "Testfall" für die genannte These behandelt. Da in dieser Zeit immer mehr Geisteswissenschaftler auf den allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt drängten, ist es sozusagen zu einer unmittelbaren Konfrontation von "Bildung durch Wissenschaft" mit den Übergängen zur Risiko- und dann zur Wissensgesellschaft gekommen. In so angeleiteten Auseinandersetzungen mit der jüngeren Vergangenheit ergibt sich im Hinblick auf "Bildung durch Wissenschaft" schließlich eine Bilanz, vor deren Hintergrund der aktuelle Übergang zu sehr weitgehender Praxisorientierung im Studium zumindest riskant erscheint.

The German Ageing Survey (DEAS), funded by the Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth (BMFSFJ), is a nationwide representative cross-sectional and longitudinal survey of the German middle-aged and older population. The German Centre of Gerontology in Berlin (DZA) is responsible for the conduct and ongoing development of the study. The primary goal of the DEAS survey program is to provide a representative national database containing information describing the living conditions and to study the diversity within the older section of the population, the process of ageing as it affects individuals and processes of social change as they relate to old age and ageing. The DEAS covers a wide range of topics. The data obtained provide information on socioeconomic and demographic attributes as well as household composition, housing, family structure, social networks, psychological resources, attitudes as well as and physical and mental health. The comprehensive examination of people over 40 provides micro data for use both in social and behavioral scientific research and in reporting on social developments. The data thus provides a source of information for decision-makers, the general public and for scientific research. The DEAS applies a cohort-sequential design, which allows the users to analyze societal trends and individual trajectories (embedded inside societal trends) and to disentangle age effects from cohort effects. The first DEAS survey wave took place in 1996, further waves followed in 2002, 2008, 2011, 2014, 2017 and 2020. The 6th wave in 2017 considered a cross-sectional sample as well as a panel sample of study participants who had entered the DEAS earlier. Sampling and fieldwork for all waves (1996-2017) have been carried out by the Bonn-based Institute for Applied Social Sciences (infas), scanning and coding of the additional questionnaires by the DB Profi-Kontor GMBH in Butzbach.

Ausgangspunkt der Sichtung von Theoretisierungen, Befunden und Erfahrungen zum Zusammenhang von sozialer Mobilität und biografischen Konstruktionen ist die These, dass sich mit der Prekarisierung und der Transnationalisierung von Lebensführungen in westeuropäischen Gesellschaften die Konzepte von sozialer Mobilität und Biografie substanziell verschieben. Im Beitrag werden aktuelle Forschungen zu transnationalen Biografien und Fluchtmigration aufgegriffen, um Impulse aus den raumzeitlichen Konstellationen der postmigrantischen Gesellschaft für den Zusammenhang von sozialer Mobilität und Biografie aufzunehmen. Schauplatz aktueller Verhandlungen um soziale Mobilität ist auch die Universität, an der heterogen situierte Studierende mit ihren Fragestellungen universitäre Methodenausbildung herausfordern und neu ausrichten., This review of theorizations, findings and experiences about the connection between social mobility and biographical constructions is based on the thesis that the concepts of social mobility and biography are shifting substantially with the increasing precarization and transnationalization of lifestyles in Western European societies. The article takes up current research on transnational biographies and forced migration in order to then incorporate new ideas on the spatiotemporal constellations of postmigrant societies in relation to the link between social mobility and biography. Social mobility is currently also being negotiated in higher education, where heterogeneously situated students are challenging and reorienting tertiary-level methodological education through their issues.

Durch die Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Pandemie verändert sich für viele das Zeiterleben dramatisch: Zukunft ist aufgeschoben und Gegenwart entweder extrem verdichtet oder prekär geworden. Dies betrifft insbesondere Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene, von denen viele immer weniger in der Lage sind, ihre Übergänge in Ausbildung und Arbeit planen zu können; und gleichzeitig sind sie diejenigen, die unter den Einschränkungen des Jugendlebens in der Gegenwart, im Kontext von Peerkulturen, Freundschaften und romantischen Beziehungen, besonders leiden. Der Beitrag nimmt diese Situation zum Anlass, um grundsätzlich über die Dimension der Zeitlichkeit in der Hervorbringung von Übergängen im Lebenslauf nachzudenken. Er erinnert dabei an das temporal entworfene Agency-Konzept von Mustafa Emirbayer und Ann Mische (1998), das hierfür grundsätzlich anschlussfähig ist. Gerade mit Blick auf den starken normativen Erwartungsdruck, dem die Übergangsgestaltung Jugendlicher und junger Erwachsener unterliegt, ist dieses Konzept um eine kritische Perspektive auf (Chrono-)Normativitäten zu erweitern. Denn letztere werden derzeit extrem herausgefordert - mit offenem Ende., Measures for fighting the spread of COVID-19 have a deep impact on the experience of time: Future is delayed, and presence is either extremely compacted or has become precarious. Youth and young adults are especially affected by this change of temporalities: a big part of them have less and less opportunities for planning their future, i.e. their transitions into training and work; and at the same time they are the group who suffers most from the restrictions to live their youth life, which is depending on gathering in the presence, among peers, or in romantic relationships. The article takes their present situation as a starting point in order to reflect more fundamentally on the dimension of temporality within the constitution of life course transitions. It recalls the temporal concept of agency developed by Mustafa Emirbayer and Ann Mische (1998), which is highly compatible in this regard. However, and especially with regard to the normative pressure under which young people have to do their transitions, this concept has to be enlarged by a critical perspective on (chrono-)normativities. It is exactly these normativities which are currently challenged - with open end.

Der Deutsche Alterssurvey (DEAS) ist eine vom Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) geförderte Langzeitstudie des Deutschen Zentrums für Alters-fragen (DZA) zum Wandel der Lebenssituationen und Alternsverläufe von Menschen, die sich in der zweiten Lebenshälfte befinden. Grundlage sind bundesweit repräsentative Befragungen im Quer- und Längsschnitt von jeweils mehreren tausend Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern im Alter ab 40 Jahren. Die beteiligten Personen werden umfassend zu ihren objektiven und subjektiven Lebensbedingungen befragt. Hinzu kommen Testverfahren zur Erhebung der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit und körperlichen Gesundheit. Aufgrund seines kohorten-sequenziellen Längsschnittdesigns, seiner Themenbreite, seiner nationalen Repräsentativität mit vergleichsweise hoher Fallzahl und der bereits relativ langen Beobachtungsdauer stellt der DEAS eine in Deutschland einzigartige Datenquelle zur interdisziplinären Erforschung der Lebenssituationen und Lebensverläufe sowie der subjektiven Sichtweisen und Lebenspläne älterwerdender und alter Menschen dar.

Objective: The aim of this study is to extend our knowledge about uncertainty in fertility intentions from a life course perspective. We want to find out if life course markers such as economic circumstances, relationship status, family size, and the so-called "biological clock" (getting older) influence uncertainty in fertility intentions. Uncertainty in fertility intentions is the state in which individuals are not sure whether they will have (more) children. Background: Determining what drives uncertainty in fertility intentions may lead to a better understanding of fertility decision-making and its outcomes. Method: We use German panel data (German Family Panel, pairfam) for three birth cohorts (1971-73, 1981-83, 1991-93), and employ multinomial fixed-effects logit models as well as bivariate analyses based on waves 1 to 11. Results: Uncertainty in fertility intentions is volatile across an individual's life course, serving as a transitional phase between certainly intending and not intending to have any (more) children. Approaching the end of the reproductive life span (getting older), separating from a partner, having two or more children, and, for men, subjective economic fears increase the odds of being uncertain. Conclusion: By showing that uncertainty in fertility intentions is a volatile concept and that relevant life course markers shape this volatility, we provide new insights into the process of fertility decision-making., Fragestellung: Ziel dieser Studie ist es, unser Wissen über die Unsicherheit von Fertilitätsabsichten aus der Perspektive des Lebenslaufs zu erweitern. Wir analysieren, ob die Unsicherheit der Fertilitätsabsichten von Lebensverlaufsereignissen wie wirtschaftlichen Umständen, Beziehungsstatus, Familiengröße und der so genannten "biologischen Uhr" (Älterwerden) beeinflusst wird. Unsicherheit in den Fertilitätsabsichten ist der Zustand, in dem Individuen nicht sicher sind, ob sie tatsächlich (weitere) Kinder haben werden. Hintergrund: Die Bestimmung der Determinanten der Unsicherheit von Fertilitätsabsichten kann zu einem besseren Verständnis von Fertilitätsentscheidungen und damit letztlich auch derer Ergebnisse führen. Methode: Wir verwenden deutsche Paneldaten für insgesamt drei Geburtskohorten (1971-73, 1981-83, 1991-93) und nutzen multinomiale Fixed-Effect-Logit-Modelle sowie bivariate Analysen auf der Basis der Wellen 1 bis 11 des Beziehungs- und Familienpanels pairfam. Ergebnisse: Unsicherheit in den Fertilitätsabsichten erweist sich als nicht stabil über den Lebenslauf eines Individuums und dient als Übergangsphase zwischen sicherer und fehlender Intention (weitere) Kinder haben zu wollen. Das Ende der reproduktiven Lebensspanne (Älterwerden), die Trennung von einem Partner und bereits zwei oder mehr Kinder zu haben, erhöhen die Chancen, unsicher hinsichtlich der Fertilitätsintentionen zu sein für Frauen und Männer. Die subjektiv wahrgenommene Veränderung der wirtschaftlichen Lage ist lediglich für Männer relevant. Schlussfolgerung: Indem wir zeigen, dass Unsicherheit in den Fertilitätsabsichten ein volatiles Konzept ist und dass relevante Marker des Lebenslaufs diese Unbeständigkeit prägen, liefern wir neue Einsichten in den Prozess der Fertilitätsentscheidung.

This paper examines the role of secondary property ownership (SPO) in Europe (EU). Focusing predominantly on residential properties used as rental-investments, it explores their role in the political economy of housing and welfare, contributing to respectively newer and older literatures about housing wealth and asset-based welfare and the ‘really big trade-off’ between outright homeownership and generous pensions. Both have hitherto largely been viewed as related to ownership of the primary residence. The empirical part of this paper is based on the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS), carried out by the European Central Bank in 2014, and providing information about property ownership by samples of households in 20 member states of the EU. The results show that the total wealth held in the form of SPO is considerable while also varying considerably from country to country. SPO held as an investment in the form of landlordism is most prevalent in countries characterised as corporatist-conservative or liberal welfare regimes. In the corporatist-conservative countries, SPO can be seen as a since long established proactive asset-based welfare strategy that compensates for the limitations of their fragmented pension systems, especially for the self-employed. In liberal welfare states, the recent upswing of buy-to-let landlordism is a manifestation of the concentration of housing wealth and limited access to homeownership for starters, which makes SPO an ever more attractive investment.

Der Übergang ins Erwachsenenleben stellt sich für Care Leaver in besonderer Weise als herausfordernd dar. Sie müssen, wie andere junge Menschen auch, die Kernherausforderungen der Qualifizierung, Verselbstständigung und Selbstpositionierung bewältigen, können dabei aber auf weniger strukturelle und soziale Unterstützungsressourcen zurückgreifen. Dies ist insbesondere durch ein oft zu frühzeitiges Hilfeende und generell geringen bzw. fehlenden sozialen Beziehungen der jungen Menschen zu erklären. Wie junges Erwachsensein und daran geknüpfte erforderliche Hilfestrukturen im Leaving-Care-Prozess von den jungen Menschen erfahren werden und welche Bedeutung 'doing relationships' hinsichtlich der sozialen Unterstützung einnimmt, ist Anliegen des Beitrags., The transition to adulthood is especially challenging for care leavers. Like their peers, they have to cope with the main challenges 'qualification', 'becoming independent' and 'self-positioning', but they have less structural and social support resources. This can be explained by a premature end of care amongst care leavers and by a scarcity or lack of social relationships in general. The aim of this paper is to show how young adulthood and the need of support structures in the process of leaving care is experienced by the young people. Further, the meaning which 'doing relationships' has within social support will also be explored.

Since the 1990s, Peru has enjoyed sustained economic and social stability, which is the backdrop for a generation born during one of the worst crises in the country's history. This "Ochentas" generation (1980s) grew up during the neoliberal revival, under which the expansion of private education was dazzling, and employment grew strongly but also more flexible. In addition, the patriarchal family model tends to evolve into new forms, including the erosion of gender roles and parental authority. In this context, where historical social inequalities persist, young people of the generation studied have gone out of college and faced the first decisive choices for their future, choices framed by specific possibilities and meanings depending on the social milieu they are from. The thesis deals with post-school transitions at the level of education (in higher education) and work trajectories in the city of Lima. It offers an in-depth look at the chronological dimension and the social mechanisms that influence it. On the one hand, it examines the social heterogeneity of transitions, in particular the influence of the family context in the pursuit of studies and professional integration, taking into account its educational, socioeconomic, demographic and migratory characteristics. On the other hand, it identifies specificities of the male and female routes at the end of secondary education. Finally, she analyzes the specific influence of access to higher education in the environment of the young person, in the household and the neighborhood of residence. To trace the trajectories and socialization of the Ochentas generation, the work articulates an unprecedented quantitative approach (descriptive and multivariate analyzes) of the 2007 census data with a qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews conducted in 2017. The results show considerable differences in educational and vocational transitions after high school, particularly in terms of inequalities of access to hi

Mit dem Anstieg der Anzahl unbegleiteter minderjähriger Geflüchteter, die vor allem in den Jahren 2015 und 2016 nach Deutschland kamen, gewann auch ihre Unterbringung in Pflegefamilien an Bedeutung und wurde mit zahlreichen Hoffnungen für die Entwicklung der jungen Menschen verbunden. Inwiefern dieses Setting aus der subjektiven Perspektive der jungen Geflüchteten jedoch einen sozialen Bezugsrahmen in welchem individuelle Ermöglichungsräume geschaffen oder andersherum möglicherweise auch eingeschränkt bzw. verhindert werden, ist bis dato offen. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht dieser Frage mit Blick auf Prozesse des Selbstständigwerdens nach und zieht hierfür vier Interviews mit jungen Geflüchteten heran., With the increase of the number of unaccompanied minor refugees who came to Germany, especially in 2015 and 2016, their placement in foster care also gained in importance and was associated with many hopes for the development of the young people. However, it remains open to what extent this setting can represent a social context in which individual enabling spaces are created or, conversely, possibly also restricted or prevented. This article examines this question with a view to processes of becoming independent, drawing on four interviews with young refugees.