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Dins d'una federació de xarxes, el factor més important és la interoperabilitat entre els sistemes que la integren a l'hora de compartir dades i permetre l'intercanvi d'informació entre ells. El present projecte defineix un conjunt d'estratègies i tècniques per aconseguir que aquesta transferència de coneixement, representat en models computacionals neuronals, sigui segura. La clau és que aquest saber après a través de l'entrenament sigui transmès per la compartició dels models entrenats però no permeti la inferència de dades privades o crítiques a partir de la seva anàlisi, ja sigui per la seva estructura, les seves entrades i sortides o la seva manera de tractar les dades. La solució passa per afegir complexitat i confusió al model transferit però sense alterar el seu rendiment ni el funcionament original. Per a una major seguretat, es proposa que els intercanvis es duguin a terme a través d'una Tecnologia de Registre Distribuït (DLT). A fi i efecte de fer el procés més eficient, s'estudia la reducció de la mida del model a transferir i la representació òptima de la seva estructura i del seu contingut. La investigació que ha portat a aquests resultats ha rebut finançament de Smart Networks and Services Joint Undertaking sota el marc del programa de recerca i innovació Horizon Europe de la Unió Europea en el marc de G.A. No. 101096120 (SEASON), del projecte MICINN IBON (PID2020-114135RB-I00) i de la Institució ICREA., Within a network federation, the most important factor is interoperability between the systems that make it up when it comes to sharing data and allowing the exchange of information between them. The present project defines a set of strategies and techniques to ensure that this transfer of knowledge, represented in neural computational models, is secure. The key is that this knowledge learned through training is transmitted by sharing the trained models but does not allow the inference of private or critical data from their analysis, either by their structure, their inputs and outputs or their way of treating the data. The solution is to add complexity and confusion to the transferred model but without altering its performance or the original functioning. For greater security, it is proposed that exchanges be carried out through a Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). In order to make the process more efficient, the reduction of the size of the model to be transferred and the optimal representation of its structure and content are studied. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Smart Networks and Services Joint Undertaking under the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under G.A. No. 101096120 (SEASON), the MICINN IBON (PID2020-114135RB-I00) project and from the ICREA Institution.

In an effort to make the aerospace industry more sustainable, GKN Aerospace is heavily investing both time and money into additive manufacturing technologies. A challenging aspect with additive manufacturing is finding a set of process parameters that produces high quality parts and components to a standard that the aerospace industry demands. To aid the process development, turning to simulations is a great alternative and with the prospect of adding to the tools available, the work of this thesis has been focused on developing a mathematical model of the cross sectional deposition geometry. Through a literature study, an initial approach to developing such a model, as well as gaps in knowledge was established. Validation data was gathered by laser scanning additively manufactured builds. A model based on a fourth degree polynomial was developed. The fourth degree polynomial model was validated with the laser scan data using the mean squared error value and coefficient of determination as a quantifiable method of determining the goodness of fit. It was found to be an improvement over the common parabolic model found in the literature based on a second degree polynomial. The improved model manages to capture a wide variety of contact angles and the overlap region better follows the smooth transition between beads.

En esta grabación screencast te iniciarás en el uso de efectos desde la Librería de Nodos de Toon Boom Harmony. Comenzaremos viendo cómo una capa de dibujo puede servir como máscara para otra capa de dibujo. Después, optimizaremos el uso de la herramienta reordenando elementos en la Vista de Nodos, e incorporaremos el uso de un nodo que sirve para aplicar máscaras a una composición entera: el Cutter. Luego, veremos cómo funciona el nodo Transparency y de qué forma pueden animarse la intensidad de estos efectos, poniéndoles claves. Por último, veremos una demostración del efecto Glow, que sirve para crear brillo y resplandor.

En esta grabación screencast te iniciarás en el uso de efectos desde la Librería de Nodos de Toon Boom Harmony. Comenzaremos viendo cómo una capa de dibujo puede servir como máscara para otra capa de dibujo. Después, optimizaremos el uso de la herramienta reordenando elementos en la Vista de Nodos, e incorporaremos el uso de un nodo que sirve para aplicar máscaras a una composición entera: el Cutter. Luego, veremos cómo funciona el nodo Transparency y de qué forma pueden animarse la intensidad de estos efectos, poniéndoles claves. Por último, veremos una demostración del efecto Glow, que sirve para crear brillo y resplandor.

In an effort to make the aerospace industry more sustainable, GKN Aerospace is heavily investing both time and money into additive manufacturing technologies. A challenging aspect with additive manufacturing is finding a set of process parameters that produces high quality parts and components to a standard that the aerospace industry demands. To aid the process development, turning to simulations is a great alternative and with the prospect of adding to the tools available, the work of this thesis has been focused on developing a mathematical model of the cross sectional deposition geometry. Through a literature study, an initial approach to developing such a model, as well as gaps in knowledge was established. Validation data was gathered by laser scanning additively manufactured builds. A model based on a fourth degree polynomial was developed. The fourth degree polynomial model was validated with the laser scan data using the mean squared error value and coefficient of determination as a quantifiable method of determining the goodness of fit. It was found to be an improvement over the common parabolic model found in the literature based on a second degree polynomial. The improved model manages to capture a wide variety of contact angles and the overlap region better follows the smooth transition between beads.

Das Marx-Engels-Forum in Berlin-Mitte weist einige Charakteristiken eines Nicht-Ortes auf – eines Ortes ohne Namen, ohne Identität, ohne Aufenthaltsqualität. Ein Ort, der von den Menschen lediglich als Durchgangsbereich in einer an Sehenswürdigkeiten reichen Umgebung hastig durchschritten wird. Die Bewohner der Stadt sind sich kaum bewusst, dass sich hier die Wiege der Stadt Berlin befindet. Diese Defizite wurden auch von der Berliner Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung erkannt und im Jahr 2021 wurde ein Ideen- und Realisierungswettbewerb für die Freiraumgestaltung des Marx-Engels-Forums ausgelobt, wobei der Platz bis heute in seiner bisherigen Form unverändert besteht. Berlin ist alt-slawisch und bedeutet „Ort im Sumpf“. An diesem Ort wurde 1250 die Doppelstadt Berlin-Cölln gegründet. Das älteste Siedlungsgebiet ist das Nikolaiviertel. Das Marx-Engels-Forum, welches im Rahmen dieses Projektes umgestaltet werden soll, befindet sich auf dem Areal des ersten Stadtausbaus von 1280 – dem Heilige-Geist-Viertel – von dessen Existenz lediglich noch die Marienkirche im Bereich des Rathausforums zu Füßen des Fernsehturms hindeutet. Nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg machte die DDR-Führung mit den beschädigten baulichen Strukturen Alt-Berlins Tabula rasa, um einen urbanen Raum gemäß den sozialistischen Vorstellungen zu gestalten, der den Repräsentations- und Machtansprüchen der DDR gerecht werden sollte. Vielgeschossige Wohn- und Geschäftsbauten sowie enorme Verkehrsachsen umrahmen das Marx-Engels-Forum, welches als wenig gestaltete Freifläche vor allem den Blick auf den Fernsehturm und den Palast der Republik freigeben sollte, an dessen Stelle heute das wiedererbaute Stadtschloss steht. Der historische Stadtgrundriss wurde vollkommen ausradiert. Ziel dieses Projektes ist es, zentrale Epochen der Geschichte dieses historisch bedeutsamen Ortes wieder ablesbar zu machen und gleichzeitig einen urbanen Freiraum zu gestalten, der – wie die Stadt Berlin – eng mit dem Element Wasser verbu, TIME-SPACES - An Urban Landscape Palimpsest The Marx-Engels-Forum in Berlin-Mitte exhibits some characteristics of a non-place – it is a nameless place without identity, a place that does not invite to linger, a place where people hastily pass through, an unattractive transit area in the very center of Berlin, in an urban environment that is rich in monuments and sights. Residents are hardly aware that the cradle of the city of Berlin is located right here. These deficits were also recognized by the Senate Department for Urban Development and in 2021 an architectural competition for redesigning the open space of the Marx-Engels Forum was announced. However, the square remains unchanged to this day. Berlin is Old Slavic and means “place in the swamp”. The twin city of Berlin-Cölln was founded at this location in 1250. The oldest settlement area is the Nikolaiviertel. The Marx-Engels Forum, the planning site of this project, is located in the area of the first city expansion from 1280 - the “Heilige-Geist-Viertel” - whose existence is only indicated by the St. Mary's Church, which is located close to the television tower. After the Second World War, the GDR leadership made tabula rasa with the damaged building structures of Alt-Berlin in order to design an urban space according to socialist ideas that would meet the GDR's aspirations for representation and power. Multi-story residential and commercial buildings as well as enormous traffic axes surround the Marx-Engels Forum, which, as a poorly designed open space, was primarily intended to provide a view of the television tower and the Palace of the Republic, where the rebuilt city palace now stands. The historic urban fabric was completely erased. The aim of this project is to make central epochs in the history of this historically significant place visible again and at the same time to create an urban open space that - like the city of Berlin - is closely linked to the element of water. The design envisions an urban, Fabian Löser, Bildbeschreibungen teilweise in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2024

En esta grabación screencast te iniciarás en el uso de efectos desde la Librería de Nodos de Toon Boom Harmony. Comenzaremos viendo cómo una capa de dibujo puede servir como máscara para otra capa de dibujo. Después, optimizaremos el uso de la herramienta reordenando elementos en la Vista de Nodos, e incorporaremos el uso de un nodo que sirve para aplicar máscaras a una composición entera: el Cutter. Luego, veremos cómo funciona el nodo Transparency y de qué forma pueden animarse la intensidad de estos efectos, poniéndoles claves. Por último, veremos una demostración del efecto Glow, que sirve para crear brillo y resplandor.

En esta grabación screencast te iniciarás en el uso de efectos desde la Librería de Nodos de Toon Boom Harmony. Comenzaremos viendo cómo una capa de dibujo puede servir como máscara para otra capa de dibujo. Después, optimizaremos el uso de la herramienta reordenando elementos en la Vista de Nodos, e incorporaremos el uso de un nodo que sirve para aplicar máscaras a una composición entera: el Cutter. Luego, veremos cómo funciona el nodo Transparency y de qué forma pueden animarse la intensidad de estos efectos, poniéndoles claves. Por último, veremos una demostración del efecto Glow, que sirve para crear brillo y resplandor.

The use of sophisticated machine learning (ML) models, such as graph neural networks (GNNs), to predict complex molecular properties or all kinds of spectra has grown rapidly. However, ensuring the interpretability of these models’ predictions remains a challenge. For example, a rigorous understanding of the predicted X-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) generated by such ML models requires an in-depth investigation of the respective black-box ML model used. Here, this is done for different GNNs based on a comprehensive, custom-generated XAS data set for small organic molecules. We show that a thorough analysis of the different ML models with respect to the local and global environments considered in each ML model is essential for the selection of an appropriate ML model that allows a robust XAS prediction. Moreover, we employ feature attribution to determine the respective contributions of various atoms in the molecules to the peaks observed in the XAS spectrum. By comparing this peak assignment to the core and virtual orbitals from the quantum chemical calculations underlying our data set, we demonstrate that it is possible to relate the atomic contributions via these orbitals to the XAS spectrum.

Surface lattice resonance supported on nanoparticle arrays is a promising candidate for enhancing fluorescent effects in both absorption and emission. The optical enhancement provided by surface lattice resonance is primarily through light confinement beyond the diffraction limit, where the nanoparticle arrays can enhance light–matter interaction for increased absorption as well as provide more local density of states for enhanced spontaneous emission. In this work, we optimize the in-coupling efficiency of the fluorescent molecules by finding the conditions to maximize the absorption, also known as the critical coupling condition. We studied the transmission characteristics and the fluorescent emission of a TiO2 nanoparticle array embedded in an index-matching layer with a fluorescent dye at various concentrations. A modified coupled-mode theory that describes the nanoparticle array was then derived and verified by numerical simulations. With the analytical model, we analyzed the experimental measurements and discovered the condition to critically couple light into the fluorescent dye, which is demonstrated as the strongest emission. This study presents a useful guide for designing efficient energy transfer from the excitation beam to the emitters, which maximizes the external conversion efficiency.

Multicomponent inorganic compounds containing post-transition-metal cations such as Sn, Pb, and Bi are a promising class of photocatalysts, but their structure–property relationships remain difficult to decipher. Here, we report three novel bismuth-based layered oxyiodides, the Sillén–Aurivillius phase Bi₄NbO₈I, Bi₅BaTi₃O₁₄I, and Bi₆NbWO₁₄I. We show that the interlayer Bi–Bi interaction is a key to controlling the electronic structure. The replacement of the halide layer from Cl to I negatively shifts not only the valence band but also the conduction band, thus providing lower electron affinity without sacrificing photoabsorption. The suppressed interlayer chemical interaction between the 6p orbitals of the Bi lone-pair cations reduces the conduction bandwidth. These oxyiodides have narrower band gaps and show much higher water oxidation activities under visible light than their chloride counterparts. The design strategy has not only provided three novel Bi-based photocatalysts for water splitting but also offers a pathway to control the optoelectronic properties of a wider class of lone-pair (ns²np⁰) semiconductors.

© 2003 American Institute of Physics. The authors wish to thank D. C. Look, H. Morkoc¸ and J. van Nostrand for providing the investigated material. C. D.-G. acknowledges M. E. C. D. for a postdoctoral research grant. This work has been partially supported by MCYT through Project No. MAT2000-2119., Time-resolved cathodoluminescence (TRCL) and photocurrent (PC) spectroscopies have been applied to the study of the yellow band of Si-doped GaN. Measurements carried out combining both techniques unambiguously reveal the complex nature of this broad emission and confirm that different deep defect levels are involved in the observed luminescence. Five emission bands centered at 1.89, 2.03, 2.16, 2.29, and 2.38 eV were found by steady state and time-resolved CL investigations, while PC spectra showed four transitions at about 2.01, 2.14, 2.28, and 2.43 eV. The behavior of the deep-level emissions intensity as a function of the excitation pulse width as well as their decay times were investigated by TRCL. A decay time of 245 mus was measured for the 2.29 eV emission band, while longer decay times of 315 and 340 mus were found, respectively, for the 2.16 and 2.38 eV bands, in agreement with TRCL spectra. The appearance of the 2.03, 2.16, 2.29 eV and 2.38-2.43 eV peaks both in PC and CL spectra suggests that these bands are related to deep acceptor to band transitions, as supported by the single exponential character of the corresponding decay transients., MCYT, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd. This work has been supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Spain under a Ramon y Cajal Contract, by the project MAT2003-09873 and by the project MEC (MAT 2003-00455)., The luminescence of porous InP prepared by electrochemical etching is investigated by cathodoluminescence (CL) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Anodization causes a strong reduction of CL intensity as well as a blue spectral shift. Additional blue shift and enhancement of CL intensity is observed in samples cracked in vacuum by the effect of the SEM electron beam, which is explained by the reduction of the influence of surface states on the recombination mechanism. The relationship of the CL spatial distribution with the multilayer porous structure is described., España. Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd. This work was supported by MEC through projects MAT2006-01259 and MAT2009-07882., CuO nanostructures with different morphologies, such as single-crystal nanowires, nanoribbons and nanorods, have been grown by thermal oxidation of copper in the 380–900 °C temperature range. Cathodoluminescence spectra of the nanostructures show a band peaked at 1.31 eV which is associated with near band gap transitions of CuO. Two additional bands centred at about 1.23 and 1.11 eV, suggested to be due to defects, are observed for nanostructures grown at high temperatures. The magnetic behaviour of nanowires with lengths in the range of several micrometres and diameters of 50–120 nm has been investigated. Hysteresis loops of the nanowires show ferromagnetic behaviour from 5 K to room temperature., MEC (Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, España), Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2015 AIP Publishing. The study has been supported by the Spanish TEC2011 under Grant No. 27292-C02-01, TEC2013-41730-R funded by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, and the P2013/MAE-2780 funded by the Comunidad de Madrid. Research of E. Perez was supported by a University of Valladolid FPI Grant. J. Olea acknowledge financial support from the MICINN within the program Juan de la Cierva (JCI-2011-10402), under which this research was undertaken. Research by E. Garcia-Hemme was also supported by a PICATA predoctoral fellowship of the Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM)., In the attempt to form an intermediate band in the bandgap of silicon substrates to give it the capability to absorb infrared radiation, we studied the deep levels in supersaturated silicon with titanium. The technique used to characterize the energy levels was the thermal admittance spectroscopy. Our experimental results showed that in samples with titanium concentration just under Mott limit there was a relationship among the activation energy value and the capture cross section value. This relationship obeys to the well known Meyer-Neldel rule, which typically appears in processes involving multiple excitations, like carrier capture/emission in deep levels, and it is generally observed in disordered systems. The obtained characteristic Meyer-Neldel parameters were Tmn = 176 K and kTmn = 15 meV. The energy value could be associated to the typical energy of the phonons in the substrate. The almost perfect adjust of all experimental data to the same straight line provides further evidence of the validity of the Meyer Neldel rule, and may contribute to obtain a deeper insight on the ultimate meaning of this phenomenon. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Comunidad de Madrid, University of Valladolid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM), Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

©2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This work was supported by MEC (Project MAT2006-01259)., Mn doped GaN films have been studied by conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Cathodoluminescence (CL) and Electron Beam Induced Current (EBIC). AFM measurements revealed the presence of pinholes with diameters between 130 and 380 nm. The distribution, density and size of the pinholes depend on the Mn doping concentration. AFM Leakage Current images (LC) show a defined contrast at the pinhole planes {101 (1) over bar} in the sample with Mn concentration of 6.2 x 10(20) cm(-3). For the sample with an Mn concentration of 1.1 X 10(20) cm(-3), LC contrast appears around the pinholes, while no LC contrast was observed for sample with lower Mn concentration. CL measurements indicate that the samples exhibit strain related to Mn incorporation. In correlation with LC measurements, EBIC images show that pinholes are recombination sites. The combination of these techniques enabled us to analyze the Frenkel-Poole conduction in the samples and its relationship with the residual strain and the doping concentration in the films, which would exclude the mechanism of conduction through dislocations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., MEC, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. The study has been supported by the Spanish TEC2014 under Grant No. 52152-C3-3-R, TEC2013 41730-R funded by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, and the P2013/MAE-2780 funded by the Comunidad de Madrid. Research of E. Pérez was supported by a University of Valladolid FPI Grant. J. Olea acknowledges financial support from the MICINN within the program Juan de la Cierva (JCI-2011-10402), under which this research was undertaken. Research by E. García-Hemme was also supported by a PICATA predoctoral fellowship of the Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM)., The energy levels created in supersaturated n-type silicon substrates with titanium implantation in the attempt to create an intermediate band in their band-gap are studied in detail. Two titanium ion implantation doses (1013 cm-2 and 1014 cm-2) are studied in this work by conductance transient technique and admittance spectroscopy. Conductance transients have been measured at temperatures of around 100 K. The particular shape of these transients is due to the formation of energy barriers in the conduction band, as a consequence of the band-gap narrowing induced by the high titanium concentration. Moreover, stationary admittance spectroscopy results suggest the existence of different energy level configuration, depending on the local titanium concentration. A continuum energy level band is formed when titanium concentration is over the Mott limit. On the other hand, when titanium concentration is lower than the Mott limit, but much higher than the donor impurity density, a quasi-continuum energy level distribution appears. Finally, a single deep center appears for low titanium concentration. At the n-type substrate, the experimental results obtained by means of thermal admittance spectroscopy at high reverse bias reveal the presence of single levels located at around Ec-425 and Ec-275 meV for implantation doses of 1013 cm2 and 1014 cm2, respectively. At low reverse bias voltage, quasi continuously distributed energy levels between the minimum of the conduction bands, Ec and Ec-450 meV, are obtained for both doses. Conductance transients detected at low temperatures reveal that the high impurity concentration induces a band gap narrowing which leads to the formation of a barrier in the conduction band. Besides, the relationship between the activation energy and the capture cross section values of all the energy levels fits very well to the Meyer-Neldel rule. As it is known, the Meyer Neldel rule typically appears in processes involving multiple excitations, like carr, Comunidad de Madrid, Spanish TEC2014, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), University of Valladolid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM)., Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2012 American Chemical Society. This work has been supported by MICINN through projects MAT2009-07882 and CSD2009-0013 and by BSCH-CM (Project GR35-10A-910146). The authors are grateful to Dr. Luca Gregoratti at the Sincrotron Trieste for useful advises on XPS measurements., The influence of indium doping on morphology, structural, and luminescence properties of gallium oxide micro- and nanostructures is reported. Indium-doped gallium oxide micro- and nanostructures have been grown by thermal oxidation of metallic gallium in the presence of indium oxide. The dominant morphologies are beltlike structures, which in many cases are twisted leading to springlike structures, showing that In diffusion in Ga2O3 influences the microstructure shapes. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy has revealed the presence of twins in the belts, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has detected a segregation of indium impurities at the edges of planar structures. These results suggest that indium plays a major role in the observed morphologies and support the assumption of a layer by layer model as growth mechanism. An additional assessment of indium influence on the defect structure has been performed by cathodoluminescence in the SEM, X-ray photoelectron microscopy, and spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy., MICINN, BSCH-UCM, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This work was supported by MEC (Project MAT2006-01259). International Workshop on Beam Injection Assessment of Microstructure in Semiconductors (9. 2008. Toledo). (BIAMS 2008), Mn doped GaN films have been studied by conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Cathodoluminescence (CL) and Electron Beam Induced Current (EBIC). AFM measurements revealed the presence of pinholes with diameters between 130 and 380 nm. The distribution, density and size of the pinholes depend on the Mn doping concentration. AFM Leakage Current images (LC) show a defined contrast at the pinhole planes {101ī} in the sample with Mn concentration of 6.2 x 10_20 cm_-3. For the sample with an Mn concentration of 1.1 X 10_20 cm_-3, LC contrast appears around the pinholes, while no LC contrast was observed for sample with lower Mn concentration. CL measurements indicate that the samples exhibit strain related to Mn incorporation. In correlation with LC measurements, EBIC images show that pinholes are recombination sites. The combination of these techniques enabled us to analyze the Frenkel-Poole conduction in the samples and its relationship with the residual strain and the doping concentration in the films, which would exclude the mechanism of conduction through dislocations., MEC, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2003 American Institute of Physics. This work was supported by MCYT (Project No. MAT2000-2119). R. Molnar and D. C. Look are gratefully acknowledged for providing the samples., The temporal behavior of deep-level luminescence emissions in undoped hydride-vapor-phase-epitaxy GaN layers of different thicknesses has been investigated by time-resolved cathodoluminescence (TRCL). The complex nature of the yellow luminescence is revealed in the TRCL spectra by the presence of two bands peaked at 2.22 and 2.03 eV. A red band with a decay time of 700 mus, centered at about 1.85 eV, dominates spectra recorded for long delay times. Exponential transients with associated decay times of hundreds of mus were measured at 87 K for all the deep-level emissions found in the layers., MCYT, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2002 The American Physical Society. We thank Professor Ivan Schuller for helpful conversations and interesting suggestions. This work was supported by Spanish CICYT MAT 2000 1468. Work at LBNL/NCEM was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098., We report on the growth mechanism of YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-x). Our study is based on an analysis of ultrathin YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-x) (YBCO) layers in c-axis-oriented YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-x)/PrBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7)superlattices. We have found that the release of epitaxial strain in very thin YBCO layers triggers a change in the dimensionality of the growth mode. Ultrathin epitaxially strained YBCO layers with thickness below 3 unit cells grow in a blockby-block two -dimensional mode that is coherent over large lateral distances. Meanwhile, when the thickness increases and the strain relaxes, layer growth turns three-dimensional, resulting in rougher layers and interfaces., Spanish CICYT, Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy, Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2004 American Institute of Physics. This work has been supported by MCYT (Project No. MAT2003-00455)., The effect of mechanical milling on the structure and luminescent properties of CdSe powder has been investigated by means of cathodoluminescence (CL) in the scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction. The starting powders were ball milled for times between 5 and 20h. TEM of the milled samples reveals the presence of nanocrystals with a wide range of sizes including nanocrystals of 10 nm and smaller. The CL spectra of the untreated samples show the characteristic band edge emission centered at 1.8 eV. In the milled samples a band centered at about 2.5 eV is observed which appears to be associated to the presence of nanocrystals. The evolution of defect structure with milling time has been monitored by recording infrared cathodoluminescence spectra. A partial phase transformation from wurtzite to zinc blende structure also has been observed., MCYT, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

©2010 American Chemical Society. This work was supported by MEC Project No. MAT2006-01259., Mixtures of InN and SnO2 powders, with it weight ratio of 10:1, have been used as precursors for the thermal growth of arrow-shaped and other elongated micro- and nanostructures of indium-tin oxide (ITO) containing about 2.6 atom % of Sit. The temperatures used in the process, in the range 650-750 degrees C, favor the decomposition of InN and oxidation of In, with it limited incorporation of Sit in the resulting compound. Arrow-shaped indium-tin oxide structures are obtained and formation of stannates during the process is avoided. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that tin incorporates into the In2O3 lattice mainly as Sn4+. Luminescence of the ITO microstructures has been studied by cathodoluminescence in the scanning electron microscope., MEC, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

© 2002 The American Physical Society. This work was supported by CICYT MAT2000-1468, Fundación Ramón Areces and CAM07N/0008/2001., We report the effects of epitaxial strain and deoxygenation on high quality [YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-x)(YBCO)_(N) /PrBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7)(PBCO)_(5)]_(1000 Å) superlattices, with 1 < N < 12 unit cells. High-spatialresolution electron energy loss spectroscopy shows that strained, fully oxygenated YBCO layers are underdoped. Irrespective of whether underdoping is induced by strain or deoxygenation, x-ray diffraction analysis shows that T_(c) correlates directly with separation of the CuO_(2) bilayers., CICYT, Fundación Ramón Areces, CAM, Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

The synthesis of stoichiometric two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) over large areas remains challenging. Using a combination of X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrate the advantages of using a thin amorphous layer of S-rich MoS2 (MoS4 in this paper) for the growth of well-ordered crystalline MoS2 films via annealing at 900 degrees C. In contrast to the crystallization of stoichiometric amorphous MoS2, the crystallization of the as-depo sited amorphous MoS4 phase shows the strong preferred ordering of layered MoS2 on a Si/SiOx nontemplating substrate with the dominant (002) crystallographic plane and accompanying Kiessig fringes, which indicate the improved crystallinity of the MoS2 layers. A similar effect can only be achieved by the templated crystallization of an amorphous MoS2 thin film deposited on a c-plane sapphire substrate. We suggest that the crystal growth improvement originates from the lower coordination number (CN) of the Mo atoms in the MoS4 amorphous phase (CN = 4) in comparison with that of amorphous MoS2 (CN = 6) and the gradual release of free sulfur atoms from the thin film during crystallization., Syntéza stechiometrických dvourozměrných (2D) dichalkogenidů přechodných kovů (TMDC) na velké plochy je stále výzvou. Pomocí kombinace rentgenové difrakce a rentgenové absorpční spektroskopie demonstrujeme výhody použití tenké amorfní vrstvy MoS2 bohatého na S (MoS4 v tomto článku) pro růst dobře uspořádaných krystalických filmů MoS2 prostřednictvím žíhání při 900 °C. Na rozdíl od krystalizace stechiometrického amorfního MoS2, krystalizace amorfní MoS4 fáze vykazuje silně preferované uspořádání vrstveného MoS2 na Si/SiOx netemplátovém substrátu s dominantní (002) krystalografickou rovinou a doprovodnými Kiessigovými oscilacemi, které indikují vylepšené uspořádání vrstev MoS2. Podobného efektu lze dosáhnout pouze templátovou krystalizací amorfního tenkého filmu MoS2 naneseného na safírovém substrátu s orientací v rovině c. Domníváme se, že zlepšení růstu krystalů je způsobeno nižším koordinačním číslem (CN) atomů Mo v amorfní fázi MoS4 (CN = 4) ve srovnání s amorfním MoS2 (CN = 6) a postupným uvolňováním volných atomů síry z tenkého filmu během krystalizace.

PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiofen) polystyrensulfonát) je směs polymerů, která je významná pro svou elektrickou vodivost, optickou propustnost a flexibilitu. Tento vodivý polymer lze využít například pro vývoj nových mikrostruktur k elektrickému monitorování a stimulaci buněk v OOC (Organ-on-a-chip) a to na bázi flexibilního substrátu. Studovali jsme vrstvy PEDOT:PSS s různým poměrem PEDOT a PSS připravené metodou spirálového nanášení. Pro syntézu PEDOT:PSS byly použity dva různé postupy. Bylo provedeno měření tloušťky nanesené vrstvy PEDOT:PSS na pokladovém sklíčku. Měření bylo prováděno profilometrem a naměřené tloušťky byly porovnány s výsledky získanými z optické metody elipsometrie. Pomocí této metody byly také určeny spektrální závislosti optických konstant (indexu lomu a extinkčního koeficientu). Následně byla vyhodnocena data z transmise, ze kterých byly zjištěny hodnoty absorpčních koeficientů. Na jednotlivých vzorcích byl změřen elektrický odpor pomocí čtyřbodové metody. Z výsledků je patrná změna hodnot tloušťky a elektrického odporu na několika místech v rámci jednoho vzorku. Lze pozorovat rozdíly v specifickém odporu vrstvy závisející zejména na poměru PEDOT:PSS v dané vrstvě., PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate) is a polymer blend that is notable for its electrical conductivity, optical transmission, and flexibility. This conductive polymer can be used, for example, for the development of new microstructures for electrical monitoring and stimulation of cells in OOC (Organ-on-a-chip) based on a flexible substrate. We studied PEDOT:PSS layers with different ratios of PEDOT and PSS prepared by the spiral deposition method. Two different procedures were used to synthesize PEDOT:PSS. A measurement of the thickness of the deposited PEDOT:PSS layer on the slide was performed. The measurement was carried out with a profilometer and the measured thicknesses were compared with the results obtained from the ellipsometry. Using this method, the spectral dependences of the optical constants (refractive index and extinction coefficient) were also determined. Subsequently, the data from the transmission was evaluated, from which the values of the absorption coefficients were determined. The electrical resistance was measured on individual samples using the four-point method. The results show a change in thickness and electrical resistance values at several locations within one sample. Differences in the specific resistance of the layer can be observed depending mainly on the PEDOT:PSS ratio in the given layer.

Hybrid two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have emerged as an important class of high-performance semiconductors because of their excellent physical properties and structural diversity. Here, we report a new family of hybrid 2D Ge-based perovskites that have the Dion-Jacobson structure type, with the general formula A(MA)n-1GenX3n+1, where A = 2-(aminomethyl)pyridinium (2AMPY), 3-(aminomethyl)pyridinium (3AMPY), 4-(aminomethyl)pyridinium (4AMPY), or 4-(aminomethyl)piperidinium (4AMP), X = Br or I, and n = 1 or 2. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that most of the bromide structures are centrosymmetric, whereas the iodide analogues are all non-centrosymmetric. The optical band gaps are effectively regulated by the level of octahedral distortion of the corresponding [GeX6], where a larger distortion corresponds to a larger band gap. These compounds exhibit relatively weak photoluminescence, which can be observed at low temperatures. All of the Ge-based iodide perovskites exhibit good second-harmonic generation (SHG) responses, with the highest reaching 0.53 × AgGaS2 for (4AMPY)GeI4, where their particle-dependent SHG has been investigated. First-principles calculations of the SHG properties are in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, layer transformation can be achieved from the (100)- to (110)-oriented configuration by mixing the halides, which is a rare example. These results showcase the versatility and diversity of employing an asymmetric dication and the Ge2+ metal to achieve SHG active non-centrosymmetric materials, providing new strategies for the design of lead-free alternatives with interesting photophysical properties.

Vapor-phase film deposition of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) would facilitate the integration of these materials into electronic devices. We studied the vapor-phase layer-by-layer deposition of zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF-8) by consecutive, self-saturating reactions of diethyl zinc, water, and 2-methylimidazole on a substrate. Two approaches were compared: (1) Direct ZIF-8 “molecular layer deposition” (MLD), which enables a nanometer-resolution thickness control and employs only self-saturating reactions, resulting in smooth films that are crystalline as-deposited, and (2) two-step ZIF-8 MLD, in which crystallization occurs during a postdeposition treatment with additional linker vapor. The latter approach resulted in a reduced deposition time and an improved MOF quality, i.e., increased crystallinity and probe molecule uptake, although the smoothness and thickness control were partially lost. Both approaches were developed in a modified atomic layer deposition reactor to ensure cleanroom compatibility.

In the present study, electrospun nanofibers of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), a biodegradable polyester, containing natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were obtained and reported for the first time, exhibiting an unreported 3D morphology and enhanced charge retention properties. Choline chloride (ChCl)/urea/water in a molar ratio of 1:2:1 was used as the NADES model system. Electrospun nanofibers were produced from a 10 wt % solution of PHBV containing 26 wt % NADES with respect to the polymer and were deposited on different substrates, that is, aluminum foil and non-woven spunbond polypropylene (PP). The morphology and charge retention ability were characterized under different conditions and on different substrates. The attained fiber morphology for the NADES-containing mats showed an average fiber diameter of around 300 nm, whereas the pure PHBV polymer under the same conditions produced electrospun fibers of around 880 nm. However, the deposition of PHBV/ChCl/urea/water fibers resulted in a surprising macroscopic rugose 3D surface morphology made of aligned nanofibers when processed at 50% relative humidity (RH). The nanofiber grammages above which this 3D morphology, associated with NADES-induced charge retention, formed was found to be dependent on the substrate used and RH. This morphology was not seen at 20% RH nor when pure PHBV was produced. Charge stability studies revealed that PHBV/ChCl/urea/water nanofibers exhibited lasting charge retention, especially when sandwiched between spunbond polypropylene textiles. Finally, such multilayer structures containing a very thin double layer of PHBV/ChCl/urea/water fibers after corona treatment exhibited improved paraffin aerosol penetration, which was ascribed to the combination of thinner fibers and their charge retention capacity. The here-developed electrospun PHBV fibers containing NADES demonstrated for the first time a new potential application as electret filter media.

The route to reliable quantum nanoelectronic devices hinges on precise control of the electrostatic environment. For this reason, accurate methods for electrostatic simulations are essential in the design process. The most widespread methods for this purpose are the Thomas-Fermi (TF) approximation, which provides quick approximate results, and the Schrodinger-Poisson (SP) method, which better takes into account quantum mechanical effects. The mentioned methods suffer from relevant shortcomings: the TF method fails to take into account quantum confinement effects that are crucial in heterostructures, while the SP method suffers severe scalability problems. This paper outlines the application of an orbital-free approach inspired by density functional theory. By introducing gradient terms in the kinetic energy functional, our proposed method incorporates corrections to the electronic density due to quantum confinement while it preserves the scalability of a theory that can be expressed as a functional minimization problem. This method offers a new approach to addressing large-scale electrostatic simulations of quantum nanoelectronic devices.

The route to reliable quantum nanoelectronic devices hinges on precise control of the electrostatic environment. For this reason, accurate methods for electrostatic simulations are essential in the design process. The most widespread methods for this purpose are the Thomas-Fermi (TF) approximation, which provides quick approximate results, and the Schrodinger-Poisson (SP) method, which better takes into account quantum mechanical effects. The mentioned methods suffer from relevant shortcomings: the TF method fails to take into account quantum confinement effects that are crucial in heterostructures, while the SP method suffers severe scalability problems. This paper outlines the application of an orbital-free approach inspired by density functional theory. By introducing gradient terms in the kinetic energy functional, our proposed method incorporates corrections to the electronic density due to quantum confinement while it preserves the scalability of a theory that can be expressed as a functional minimization problem. This method offers a new approach to addressing large-scale electrostatic simulations of quantum nanoelectronic devices.

Conventional epitaxy plays a crucial role in current state-of-the art semiconductor technology, as it provides a path for accurate control at the atomic scale of thin films and nanostructures, to be used as the building blocks in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, sensors, etc. Four decades ago, the terms “van der Waals” (vdW) and “quasi-vdW (Q-vdW) epitaxy” were coined to explain the oriented growth of vdW layers on 2D and 3D substrates, respectively. The major difference with conventional epitaxy is the weaker interaction between the epi-layer and the epi-substrates. Indeed, research on Q-vdW epitaxial growth of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has been intense, with oriented growth of atomically thin semiconductors on sapphire being one of the most studied systems. Nonetheless, there are some striking and not yet understood differences in the literature regarding the orientation registry between the epi-layers and epi-substrate and the interface chemistry. Here we study the growth of WS2 via a sequential exposure of the metal and the chalcogen precursors in a metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system, introducing a metal-seeding step prior to the growth. The ability to control the delivery of the precursor made it possible to study the formation of a continuous and apparently ordered WO3 mono- or few-layer at the surface of a c-plane sapphire. Such an interfacial layer is shown to strongly influence the subsequent quasi-vdW epitaxial growth of the atomically thin semiconductor layers on sapphire. Hence, here we elucidate an epitaxial growth mechanism and demonstrate the robustness of the metal-seeding approach for the oriented formation of other TMDC layers. This work may enable the rational design of vdW and quasi-vdW epitaxial growth on different material systems.

Motivated by the successful synthesis of the porous graphitic carbon nitride (C6N7) monolayer very recently, we investigate the structural and electronic properties of C6N7 with doped and embedded with various atoms by means of spin-polarized density functional theory calculations. C6N7 monolayers doped with B, N, C, and O atoms have been revealed as stable and predicted to be feasible for experimental fabrication as free-standing monolayers based on the energy and thermal stability. Our computations demonstrate that while the C6N7 is a semiconductor, the doped C6N7 monolayers can be metal, dilute-magnetic semiconductor or half-metal. Further, a non magnetic moment is discovered in three of the doped C6N7 models and their electronic properties are disclosed to depend strongly on the spin configurations. The electronic properties of C6N7 depend on the doping atoms and doping sites. Furthermore, the effect of embedding of common nonmetal atoms such as B, C, N, S, O, Al, Si and P as well as transition metal including Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn atoms on the electronic and magnetic behavior of the C6N7 are studied. The charge transfer analysis shows that all embedded atoms act as electron donors, expect N, O and S atoms which act as electron acceptors when interacting with C6N7. The modification of the electronic band structure of C6N7 as the underlying mechanism for the changes in its electronic properties has been investigated. The intention is to demonstrate how entering the above mentioned impurities changes the nature of C6N7 into a metal, ferromagnetic-metal or dilute-magnetic semiconductor. These findings give not only an insight into the physical properties of doped and embedded C6N7 monolayer by different atoms, but also can serve as a guide to discover future possible applications of this novel material., National Research Foundation of Korea - Korean government [NRF-2015M2B2A4033123], This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean government (NRF-2015M2B2A4033123) . Computational resources were provided by TUBITAK ULAKBIM, at the High Performance and Grid Computing Center (TR-Grid e-Infrastructure) .

Biosecurity in poultry farms represents the first line of defense against the entry and spread of pathogens that may have animal health, food safety, and economic consequences. The aim of this study was to assess biosecurity compliance in poultry farms located in a densely populated poultry area in North East Italy. A total of 259 poultry farms (i.e., broilers, turkeys, and layers) were surveyed between 2018 and 2019 using standardized checklists, and differences in biosecurity compliance between the poultry sectors and years (only for turkey farms) were tested for significance. Among the three sectors, turkey farms showed the highest compliance. Farm hygiene, infrastructure condition, cleaning and disinfection tools, and procedures were the biosecurity measures most complied with. Some deficiencies were observed in the cleanliness of the farm hygiene lock in broiler farms, as well as the presence of the house hygiene lock in broiler and layer farms and an adequate coverage of built-up litter in turkey and broiler farms. In conclusion, this study highlighted a generally high level of biosecurity in the visited poultry farms (probably due to the stringent national regulation and the integration of the poultry industry) and identified some measures that still need to be improved.

The use of antimicrobials in the livestock sector has been identified as a driver for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and AMR has become a growing public health and economic threat in the Lao PDR. We conducted surveillance for AMR in five provinces of the Lao PDR, in order to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from caecal samples from slaughtered pigs at slaughterhouses and from slaughtered chickens at markets during two different time periods: 2018/2019 and 2020/2021. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using a panel of 14 antimicrobials using the broth microdilution technique. E. coli and Salmonella from chickens (62% and 33%, respectively) and pigs (88% and 81%, respectively) exhibited resistance to ≥3 classes of antimicrobials. Of important public health concern was the detection of Salmonella resistant to cefotaxime/ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and colistin, deemed as critically important antimicrobials in human medicine. This study aimed to evaluate a national sampling strategy at slaughterhouses and wet markets, and to pilot the laboratory methodologies for bacterial recovery and AMR testing. Experiences from this study will inform capacity development for a national AMR surveillance program, and these early data could serve as reference points for monitoring the impact of the Lao PDR’s national action plan to contain AMR.

“The music is not in the notes, but in the silence between.” Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart With this short statement, the famous composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart aptly captures the essence of the Interval spaces that this thesis was defining. Those are left-over or side-effect spaces, which have many programs but are not programmed. They emerged over time as a consequence of placing other primal and secondary objects. They become used by different agents in unprogrammed or instinctive ways. Due to their undefined nature, they become places of possibilities, change, freedom, and availability. The aspect of time plays an important role both in creating them, and in their constant development. Firstly, they are created as a consequence of many layers of elements assembled at different time periods. They form a three-dimensional patchwork of layers of history, human actions, nature’s impact, and urban and architectural decisions. All the different layers leave traces on the site, which have an impact on one another. Their constant transformation never ends. Those spaces always evolve. Even if the primal elements do not change for a period- new human activities are always emerging there. This is a fundamental aspect of the intervals- they give a sense of freedom and possibility. The agents feel liberated to express themselves and use the space in an undesigned way and sometimes even random. This thesis focused on first defining and exploring the Interval Spaces and later using them to analyse the Project Site and imply their spatial logic into Architectural Design. A site in Marseille city center was mapped and analysed. It contained ancient ruins from various periods. The design focused on creating a spatial situation that would enable experiencing them in a completely new way. The logic of Interval Spaces was used to create spatiality and the experience for the visitors. This approach helped to create a completely new approach to designing, Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Borders and Territories

Semi transparent three-dimensional macroporous (3DM) photoanodes based on quaternary oxynitrides have the potential to simultaneously realize superior light harvesting and efficient charge transfer in a tandem photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell. A 3DM CaTaO2N photoanode was prepared for the first time on a GaN/Al2O3 substrate via a chemical route, and it exhibits a high transmittance of > 60% in the wide solar spectrum and a photoresponse onset at -0.3 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (V-RHE) under simulated solar illumination. In particular, a plateau photocurrent density of 0.21 mA cm(-2) was achieved at a low potential of 0.4 V-RHE , which was 1.6-fold and more than 50-fold higher than a two-dimensional macroporous (2DM) CaTaO2N/GaN/Al2O3 photoanode and a conventional particle-based CaTaO2N/GaN/Al2O3 photoanode, respectively. The bicontinuous, interconnected pore structure within this 3DM film can improve charge carrier separation and collection by reducing the average diffusion distance for minority carriers toward the electrolyte. Optical measurements and simulations verified the enhanced sunlight harvesting in the 3DM photoanode, which was ascribed to the concentrated distribution of the electric field and multiple scattering. This study provides guidance for future synthesis of highly efficient semitransparent 3DM quaternary oxynitride-based photoanodes for a tandem PEC device.

The ability of the brain to integrate motion information originating from separate sensory modalities is fundamental to efficiently interact with our dynamic environment. The human occipito-temporal region hMT+/V5 is known to be highly specialized to process visual motion directions. In addition to its role in processing the dominant visual information, it was recently suggested that this region may also engage in crossmodal motion processing from the auditory modality. How multisensory information is represented in this region remains however poorly understood. To further investigate the multisensory nature of hMT+/V5, we characterized single-subject activity with ultra-high field (UHF) fMRI when participants processed horizontal and vertical motion stimuli delivered through vision, audition, or a combination of both modalities simultaneously. Our preliminary results confirmed that in addition to a robust selectivity for visual motion, portion of hMT+/V5 selectively responds to moving sounds. We are now further characterizing the brain activity in the cortical depths using UHF fMRI combined with vascular space occupancy (VASO) recording at high spatial resolution (.75mm isotropic). We hypothesize that hMT+/V5 might encode auditory and visual motion information in separate cortical layers, reflecting the feed-forward versus feed-back nature of how sensory information flows into those regions. This project will shed new lights on how crossmodal information is represented across the depth of the cortical layers of motion selective human brain areas.

The ability of the brain to integrate motion information originating from separate sensory modalities is fundamental to efficiently interact with our dynamic environment. The human occipito-temporal visual region hMT+/V5 and the auditory area Planum Temporale (PT) are known to be highly specialized to process visual and auditory motion directions, respectively. In addition to their role in processing the dominant sensory information, it was recently suggested that these regions may also engage in crossmodal motion processing. How multisensory information is represented in these regions remain however poorly understood. To further investigate the multisensory nature of hMT+/V5 and PT, we characterized single-subject activity with ultra-high field (UHF) fMRI (7T) when participants processed horizontal and vertical motion stimuli delivered through vision, audition, or a combination of both modalities simultaneously. Our preliminary results confirmed that in addition to a robust selectivity for visual motion, portion of hMT+/V5 selectively responds to moving sounds and a portion of PT responds to moving visual stimuli. We are now further characterizing the brain activity in the cortical depths using UHF fMRI combined with vascular space occupancy (VASO) recording at high spatial resolution (.75mm isotropic). We hypothesize that hMT+/V5 and PT might encode auditory and visual motion information in separate cortical layers, reflecting the feed-forward versus feed-back nature of how sensory information flows into those regions. This project will shed new lights on how crossmodal information is represented across the depth of the cortical layers of motion selective human brain areas.

The ability of the brain to integrate motion information originating from separate sensory modalities is fundamental to efficiently interact with our dynamic environment. The human occipito-temporal visual region hMT+/V5 and the auditory area Planum Temporale (PT) are known to be highly specialized to process visual and auditory motion directions, respectively. In addition to their role in processing the dominant sensory information, it was recently suggested that these regions may also engage in crossmodal motion processing. How multisensory information is represented in these regions remain however poorly understood. To further investigate the multisensory nature of hMT+/V5 and PT, we characterized single-subject activity with ultra-high field (UHF) fMRI (7T) when participants processed horizontal and vertical motion stimuli delivered through vision, audition, or a combination of both modalities simultaneously. Our preliminary results confirmed that in addition to a robust selectivity for visual motion, portion of hMT+/V5 selectively responds to moving sounds and a portion of PT responds to moving visual stimuli. We are now further characterizing the brain activity in the cortical depths using UHF fMRI combined with vascular space occupancy (VASO) recording at high spatial resolution (.75mm isotropic). We hypothesize that hMT+/V5 and PT might encode auditory and visual motion information in separate cortical layers, reflecting the feed-forward versus feed-back nature of how sensory information flows into those regions. This project will shed new lights on how crossmodal information is represented across the depth of the cortical layers of motion selective human brain areas.

Diversos estudios se han realizado con el fin de determinar el rendimiento de los disipadores de energía propuestos por diferentes autores, analizando principalmente los bucles histeréticos de carga y descarga. De igual manera, los autores han buscado tener diseños simples, de fácil fabricación y económicos. Con base a lo anterior, se presenta el análisis de un sistema bidireccional pasivo de disipación de energía por fricción seca, cuya principal característica es la implementación de elementos lámina como estructura, además de no requerir tornillos o resortes para la aplicación de la precarga. El estudio se realiza mediante modelado numérico utilizando el software de elemento finito Abaqus. Se presenta el análisis de disipación de energía mediante ciclos de histéresis, para diferentes tipos de precarga y cantidad de elementos lámina apilados. El dispositivo mediante una de las configuraciones analizada, presenta la capacidad de disipar 52 J de energía, siendo un diseño innovador y funcional.

Aquest treball ha consistit en desenvolupar una webapp per mostrar quines són i com funcionen les funcionalitats de SITMUN, un software de suport al territori que permet la creació i gestió d'aplicacions web personalitzades en l'àmbit dels sistemes d'informació geogràfica. Aquesta webapp està pensada per donar documentació als desenvolupadors que hauran d'implementar aquest sistema a les seves respectives organitzacions. Aquest treball s'ha realitzat utilitzant les tecnologies d'Angular i OpenLayers. El seu desenvolupament s'ha fet a través de l'organització inLab FIB., This work has involved developing a webapp to show what the functionality of SITMUN is and how it works, SITMUN is a territory support software that allows the creation and management of custom web applications in the core scope of geographic information systems. This webapp is intended to provide documentation to developers who will have to implement this system in their respective organizations. This work has been done using Angular and OpenLayers technologies. Its development has been done through the inLab FIB., Este trabajo ha consistido en desarrollar una webapp para mostrar cuales son y como funcionan las funcionalidades de SITMUN, un software de soporte al territorio que permite la creación y gestión de aplicaciones web personalizadas en el ámbito de sistemas de la información geográfica. Esta webapp está pensada para ofrecer una documentación a los desarrolladores que tendrán que implementar este sistema a sus respectivas organizaciones. Este trabajo se ha realizado usando las tecnologías de Angular y OpenLayers. Su desarrollo se ha realizado en la organización inLab FIB.

Graphene–oxide–semiconductor (GOS) planar-type electron emission devices with a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) protective layer have demonstrated improved oxidation resistance while maintaining their emission performance. The devices with a monolayer or a multilayer (13 nm in thickness) h-BN protective layer can emit electrons even after oxygen plasma exposure (ashing). Remarkably, the device with a monolayer h-BN was able to emit electrons with a maximum efficiency of 11% after a 4-min ashing, showing that a thin h-BN protection layer can provide oxygen tolerance to GOS devices without a significant emission loss. The thicker multilayer h-BN imparted higher oxidation resistance to the device but with decreased emission efficiency compared with the device with monolayer h-BN. Thus, the use of h-BN necessitates a trade-off between the device’s emission performance and its oxidation resistance. In addition, the etching rate of h-BN by the oxygen plasma treatment was found to increase by exposure to air after the first plasma treatment, which indicates that the adherence of H2O to the surface of h-BN is one probable cause of h-BN etching during the ashing process.

Graphene–oxide–semiconductor (GOS) planar-type electron emission devices with a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) protective layer have demonstrated improved oxidation resistance while maintaining their emission performance. The devices with a monolayer or a multilayer (13 nm in thickness) h-BN protective layer can emit electrons even after oxygen plasma exposure (ashing). Remarkably, the device with a monolayer h-BN was able to emit electrons with a maximum efficiency of 11% after a 4-min ashing, showing that a thin h-BN protection layer can provide oxygen tolerance to GOS devices without a significant emission loss. The thicker multilayer h-BN imparted higher oxidation resistance to the device but with decreased emission efficiency compared with the device with monolayer h-BN. Thus, the use of h-BN necessitates a trade-off between the device’s emission performance and its oxidation resistance. In addition, the etching rate of h-BN by the oxygen plasma treatment was found to increase by exposure to air after the first plasma treatment, which indicates that the adherence of H2O to the surface of h-BN is one probable cause of h-BN etching during the ashing process.

This study addresses the singularities of the work carried out by women in rural and agrarian contexts in the province of Mendoza from a perspective that crosses contributions from gender, social, agrarian and migratory studies. Linardelli, Pessolano, and Agüero focus on the recent history of a regional economy historically characterized by the work of hundreds of women, whose contributions have not been valued or systematized by statistics, public policies, and sociohistorical studies. From the introduction of the feminist perspective and the gender perspective, the authors give an account of hidden features by other studies of the Mendoza economy, as well as in relation to territorial inequalities., Este estudo aborda as singularidades do trabalho realizado por mulheres em contextos rurais e agrários na província de Mendoza a partir de uma perspectiva que cruza contribuições dos estudos de gênero, sociais, agrários e migratórios. Linardelli, Pessolano e Agüero focalizam a história recente de uma economia regional caracterizada historicamente pelo trabalho de centenas de mulheres, cujas contribuições não foram valorizadas ou sistematizadas por estatísticas, políticas públicas e estudos sócio-históricos. A partir da introdução da perspectiva feminista e da perspectiva de gênero, as autoras dão conta de traços ocultos por outros estudos da economia mendonza, bem como em relação às desigualdades territoriais., Entre fincas y puestos… es un libro que aborda las singularidades del trabajo realizado por mujeres en contextos rurales y agrarios de la provincia de Mendoza a través de una perspectiva que cruza aportes de los estudios de género, sociales agrarios y migratorios. Así, María Florencia Linardelli, Daniela Pessolano, Laura Rodríguez Agüero se enfocan en la historia reciente de una economía regional que se caracteriza históricamente por la labor de cientos de mujeres, cuyas contribuciones no han sido valoradas ni sistematizadas por parte de la estadística, las políticas públicas y los estudios sociohistóricos.

A systematic investigation of the structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of puckered penta-like PdPSeX (X=O, S and Te) Janus monolayers has been performed by means of the plane wave density functional theory. It is confirmed that the pentagonal PdPSeX monolayers are dynamically and mechanical stable by means of analysis of their phonon dispersion curves and the Born condition under harmonic approximation, respectively. The PdPSeX Janus monolayers are disclosed as brittle two-dimensional materials (2DMs). The PBE (HSE06)-based calculations exhibit they are indirect semiconductors with bandgap values of 0.65 (1.44) eV, 1.20 (2.02) eV, and 0.98 (1.70) eV for PbPSeO, PbPSeS, and PbPSeTe monolayer, sequentially. The computational results demonstrate the PdPSeTe monolayer as the best suited candidate for visible light absorption and photocatalytic water splitting within the considered pentagonal PdPSeX monolayers. Our ab-initio-based outcomes provide an insight into the fundamental properties of the penta-like PdPSeX Janus structures and surely would motivate further experimental and theoretical studies to reveal the full application potential of this new type of 2DMs., National Research Foundation of Korea - Korean government [NRF-2015M2B2A4033123]; TUBITAK ULAKBIM, Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean government (NRF-2015M2B2A4033123) . Computational resources were provided by TUBITAK ULAKBIM, at the High Performance and Grid Computing Center (TR-Grid e-Infrastructure) .

Low-symmetry penta-PdPSe (Pd4P4Se4) with intrinsic in-plane anisotropy was synthesized successfully [P. Li et al., Adv. Mater., 2021, 2102541]. Motivated by this experimental discovery, we investigate the structural, mechanical, electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of PdPSe nanosheets via density functional theory calculations. The phonon dispersion, molecular dynamics simulation, and cohesive energy mechanical properties of the penta-PdPSe are verified to confirm its stability. The phonon spectrum represents a striking gap between the high-frequency and the low-frequency optical branches and an out-of-plane flexure mode with a quadratic dispersion in the long-wavelength limit. The Poisson's ratio indicates that penta-PdPSe is a brittle nanosheet. The penta-PdPSe is a semiconductor with an indirect bandgap of 1.40 (2.07) eV using the PBE functional (HSE06 hybrid functional). Optical properties simulation suggests that PdPSe is capable of absorbing a substantial range of visible to ultraviolet light. Band alignment analysis also reveals the compatibility of PdPSe for water splitting photocatalysis application. By combining the electrical and thermal transport properties of PdPSe, we show that a high power factor is achievable at room temperature, thus making PdPSe a candidate material for thermoelectric applications. Our findings reveal the strong potential of penta-PdPSe nanosheets for a wide array of applications, including optoelectronic, water splitting and thermoelectric device applications.

A systematic investigation of the structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of puckered penta-like PdPSeX (X=O, S and Te) Janus monolayers has been performed by means of the plane wave density functional theory. It is confirmed that the pentagonal PdPSeX monolayers are dynamically and mechanical stable by means of analysis of their phonon dispersion curves and the Born condition under harmonic approximation, respectively. The PdPSeX Janus monolayers are disclosed as brittle two-dimensional materials (2DMs). The PBE (HSE06)-based calculations exhibit they are indirect semiconductors with bandgap values of 0.65 (1.44) eV, 1.20 (2.02) eV, and 0.98 (1.70) eV for PbPSeO, PbPSeS, and PbPSeTe monolayer, sequentially. The computational results demonstrate the PdPSeTe monolayer as the best suited candidate for visible light absorption and photocatalytic water splitting within the considered pentagonal PdPSeX monolayers. Our ab-initio-based outcomes provide an insight into the fundamental properties of the penta-like PdPSeX Janus structures and surely would motivate further experimental and theoretical studies to reveal the full application potential of this new type of 2DMs., National Research Foundation of Korea - Korean government [NRF-2015M2B2A4033123]; TUBITAK ULAKBIM, Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean government (NRF-2015M2B2A4033123) . Computational resources were provided by TUBITAK ULAKBIM, at the High Performance and Grid Computing Center (TR-Grid e-Infrastructure) .

Low-symmetry penta-PdPSe (Pd4P4Se4) with intrinsic in-plane anisotropy was synthesized successfully [P. Li et al., Adv. Mater., 2021, 2102541]. Motivated by this experimental discovery, we investigate the structural, mechanical, electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of PdPSe nanosheets via density functional theory calculations. The phonon dispersion, molecular dynamics simulation, and cohesive energy mechanical properties of the penta-PdPSe are verified to confirm its stability. The phonon spectrum represents a striking gap between the high-frequency and the low-frequency optical branches and an out-of-plane flexure mode with a quadratic dispersion in the long-wavelength limit. The Poisson's ratio indicates that penta-PdPSe is a brittle nanosheet. The penta-PdPSe is a semiconductor with an indirect bandgap of 1.40 (2.07) eV using the PBE functional (HSE06 hybrid functional). Optical properties simulation suggests that PdPSe is capable of absorbing a substantial range of visible to ultraviolet light. Band alignment analysis also reveals the compatibility of PdPSe for water splitting photocatalysis application. By combining the electrical and thermal transport properties of PdPSe, we show that a high power factor is achievable at room temperature, thus making PdPSe a candidate material for thermoelectric applications. Our findings reveal the strong potential of penta-PdPSe nanosheets for a wide array of applications, including optoelectronic, water splitting and thermoelectric device applications.