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Urban Design

The unprecedented rate of urbanization, along with the increase in the aging and disabled populations, bring about an increasing demand for public services and an inclusive urban environment that allows easy access to those facilities. Spatial Accessibility is a measure to assess how inclusive a city is and how easily public facilities can be reached from a specific location through movement in physical space or built environment. A detailed geodata source of accessibility features is needed for reliable spatial accessibility assessment, such as sidewalk width, surface type, and incline. However, such data are not readily available due to the huge implication costs. Remote crowdsourcing data collection using Street View Imagery, so-called 'virtual audits' have been introduced as a valid, cost-efficient tool for accessibility data enrichment at scales compared to conventional methods because it enables involving more participants, saving more time by avoiding field visits and covering a larger area. Therefore, in our pilot project, ZuriACT: Zurich Accessible CiTy, with the help of digital tools that allow for virtual inspections and measurements of accessibility features, we want to contribute to collecting and enriching accessibility information in the city of Zurich embedded in a citizen science project that will have both scientific and social impacts. With the help of additional accessibility data produced in this project, the issues of an inclusive urban environment can be demonstrated by mapping the potential spatial inequalities in access to public facilities for disabled or restricted people in terms of mobility. Thus, this project provides helpful insight into implementing policy interventions for overcoming accessibility biases to ensure equitable services, particularly for people with disabilities, and contributes to creating an inclusive and sustainable urban environment. It goes without saying that an inclusive city is beneficial and impacts the quality

The Netherlands is currently facing an overloaded housing market. This has the consequence that many people cannot find a suitable dwelling. To solve this issue the government made the plan to build one million houses between 2020 and 2030. Apart from the quantitative problem of too little houses what is even more important is to figure out what type of houses to build. Where should the houses be build? For whom should they be build? How do these people want to live? These questions need to be answered to make certain the houses that will be build have the potential to solve the housing shortage. Demographic data of The Netherlands and the design location the city of Rotterdam shows that most household growth in the coming years will occur among families with children and singles of all age categories with the largest increase in the 65+ age category. Looking at the current housing situation of families and elderly people living in the city it seems like there is already a shortage of suitable housing. With the prognosis pointing out that there will be a growth in these households the shortage will only get worse unless action is taken. Living environment plays a crucial role in people’s lives especially in the most vulnerable parts when growing up as kids or when nearing the last stage of life. This is because when we are young but also when we grow old we are dependent on caregivers and on what our direct environment can offer to meet our needs. This thesis therefore looks into an intergenerational housing approach based on the thought that by creating buildings in such a way that they help with bringing people together and by creating inclusive communities many issues concerning families and elderly people living in the city can be alleviated. The building design serves as an example for the many opportunities there are to improve life in the city by keeping people in mind instead of only focusing on creating more houses to solve the, AR3AD100 Advanced Housing Design Graduation Studio, Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Dwelling

The paper explores the concept of ‘listening to unheard voices’ in the urban environment as a design intention and strategy that contributes to an inclusive and alternative approach to urban public space, considering and promoting the imperatives of caring that such space should deliver to the city and its inhabitants. The ideas discussed in the paper find their background in the research on the concept of care in feminist urbanism and feminist studies in general, and specifically in relation to the model of the Caring City, promoting a city that places care at its centre, and aims to include a wider selection of citizens in the construction of the public good. Through the analysis of two case studies of public spaces designed by solo-women architecture practices, this paper identifies an alternative relational paradigm which gives space to unheard voices in the urban environment through processes of inclusion and participation. The two cases, Plaça d’en Baró in Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Barcelona, Spain), designed by Catalan architectural collective Equal Saree, and Ruskin Square in the London Borough of Croydon (London, UK) designed by British architectural practice muf architecture/art, have implemented the concept of listening to ‘unheard voices’ offering insights into the contribution of women to the urban environment and how it is transformed, shaped, and used., El artículo explora el concepto de ‘escuchar a voces no escuchadas’ en el entorno urbano como intención y estrategia de diseño urbano que contribuya a una perspectiva alternativa y inclusiva del espacio público, considerando y promoviendo las tareas de cuidado que el espacio público tendría que ofrecer a la ciudad y sus habitantes. Las ideas presentadas en este artículo encuentran su contexto en la investigación sobre el tema de los cuidados en el urbanismo feminista y en los estudios feministas en general, en particular en relación al modelo de la Ciudad Cuidadora, la cual promueve una ciudad que ponga el cuidado en el centro, apoyándolo y distribuyéndolo, y que aspira a incluir grupos de población más amplios para la construcción del bien común. A través de la análisis de dos casos de estudio diseñados por equipos de mujeres arquitectas, el artículo identifica un paradigma relacional alternativo que da espacio a voces no escuchadas en el entorno urbano a través de procesos de inclusión y participación. Los dos casos, Plaça d’en Baró en Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Barcelona, España), diseñado por el colectivo feminista Equal Saree, y Ruskin Square en London Borough of Croydon (Londres, Reino Unido), diseñado por el estudio de arquitectura muf architecture/art, ha implementado el concepto de dar voz a las voces no escuchadas de maneras diversas y ricas, ofreciendo ideas sobre la contribución de las mujeres al entorno urbano y cómo ello se transforma, se forma y se usa.

The Netherlands is currently facing an overloaded housing market. This has the consequence that many people cannot find a suitable dwelling. To solve this issue the government made the plan to build one million houses between 2020 and 2030. Apart from the quantitative problem of too little houses what is even more important is to figure out what type of houses to build. Where should the houses be build? For whom should they be build? How do these people want to live? These questions need to be answered to make certain the houses that will be build have the potential to solve the housing shortage. Demographic data of The Netherlands and the design location the city of Rotterdam shows that most household growth in the coming years will occur among families with children and singles of all age categories with the largest increase in the 65+ age category. Looking at the current housing situation of families and elderly people living in the city it seems like there is already a shortage of suitable housing. With the prognosis pointing out that there will be a growth in these households the shortage will only get worse unless action is taken. Living environment plays a crucial role in people’s lives especially in the most vulnerable parts when growing up as kids or when nearing the last stage of life. This is because when we are young but also when we grow old we are dependent on caregivers and on what our direct environment can offer to meet our needs. This thesis therefore looks into an intergenerational housing approach based on the thought that by creating buildings in such a way that they help with bringing people together and by creating inclusive communities many issues concerning families and elderly people living in the city can be alleviated. The building design serves as an example for the many opportunities there are to improve life in the city by keeping people in mind instead of only focusing on creating more houses to solve the, AR3AD100 Advanced Housing Design Graduation Studio, Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Dwelling

“In which way can the design of the residential environment contribute to the social self-reliance of young people with a mild intellectual disability?” We are facing a huge challenge in the Netherlands: we have to build up to ‘1 Million Homes’ by 2030. But such a huge assignment raises the question if those new dwellings will be inclusive enough for all different users. What about young people with a mild intellectual disability? Due to the entrance of the ‘Wet Maatschappelijke Ondersteuning’ (WMO) in 2015 it is no longer possible to apply for their housing via the care for disabled people. They stay longer at home, because of their need of support. This despite their willingness to live independently, just like others., Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Dwelling

Keilewijk is a collective housing design for one-parent families in the M4H region in Rotterdam. The M4H is an area where, in the past, heavy dock work was carried out. Space has now been made to expand residential Rotterdam with high-density housing and facilities and to transform the area into a working-living environment. Children and their families’ presence in this future city is essential for the vitality of it, and quality of life in it. At the same time, a family home does not consist out of one type. In recent decades the composition of the standard family (the family of a father, a mother, and an average of two children) is fragmented into a wide variety of family compositions. The one-parent family, a family in which one parent raises one or more children without a second parent in the picture, is one of them. This type of family has an increasing share in our society. In addition, a large number of these families live in Rotterdam. It would be beneficial to keep it that way. The Keilewijk design offers housing for one-parent families in future Rotterdam. Keilewijk pays attention to a clear division between the domain of the public, the collective, the family and the individual. The design offers suitable homes and collective spaces for one-parent families, which at the same time -based on American sociologist Richard Senett's theories of the Open City- can contribute to the support of inclusiveness in future Rotterdam. Keilewijk represents a design in which a wide variety of suitable homes stacked together form an intimate vertical neighbourhood. A design that offers room for children to, step by step, take distance from their front door and to gradually get to know their city of Rotterdam., Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Dwelling

The concept of circular economy (CE) offers an innovative and systematical approach to address a number of urban sustainability issues, via exploring symbiotic ways to design circular urban systems and optimizing the materials and energy metabolism of cities, so as to mitigate environmental footprints. Urban sustainability is highlighted as a critical issue in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposed by United Nations; hence, in nature, circular economy could offer a number of solutions towards SDGs in urban scope. As trade-offs, circular economy also potentially causes negative impacts to business-as-usual scenario, which is easily to be ignored. To highlight this scientific issue, this paper identified and matched the role of circular economy in realizing 17 SDGs in urban scope. How circular economy strategy could potentially affect the SDGs, whether positive or negative, were comprehensively evaluated. We expect such findings could support an equilibrium decision-making on circular economy promotion in cities, rather than an optimum solution to a single target under the triple bottom line of sustainability., Accepted Author Manuscript, Integral Design and Management

Many local governments engaging in sustainable urban development also have a growing interest in becoming inclusive too, brand themselves as such and develop policies to become inclusive cities. However, knowing what exactly this entails and how it can be achieved is not always quite straightforward and requires thorough theoretical and empirical exploration. Consequently, we present a systematic deconstruction of the inclusive city concept in order to develop a better understanding of the main features and dimensions; this is done by means of both a bibliometric analysis and qualitative literature review. The results indicate that inclusiveness is multidimensional and comprised of spatial, social, environmental, economic, and political dimensions in which the characteristics of participation, equity, accessibility and sustainability are sometimes interwoven. Overall, the inclusive city is not merely a precondition for the creation of just space, well-being, and environmental responsibility, but also an opportunity to take stock of interests of stakeholders in cities and to create local public value. The findings have implications for urban policy and practice, more specifically, the clarification of the inclusive city concept and conceptual dimensions will provide significant reference for policymakers and practitioners to make prudent decisions in the process of creating an inclusive city., Integral Design and Management

The monograph “Transit Oriented Development: how to make cities more compact, connected and coordinated” derives from the work carried out by the IDB, MDR and IDOM on Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in Brazil. The main objective of the publication is to present recommendations for the application of TOD systems in the context of developing countries. The publication includes detailed research to design, analyze and understand Brazilian legal, financial and institutional frameworks, as well as map limitations and opportunities to implement TOD systems, based on lessons learned from national and international cases.

The concept of circular economy (CE) offers an innovative and systematical approach to address a number of urban sustainability issues, via exploring symbiotic ways to design circular urban systems and optimizing the materials and energy metabolism of cities, so as to mitigate environmental footprints. Urban sustainability is highlighted as a critical issue in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposed by United Nations; hence, in nature, circular economy could offer a number of solutions towards SDGs in urban scope. As trade-offs, circular economy also potentially causes negative impacts to business-as-usual scenario, which is easily to be ignored. To highlight this scientific issue, this paper identified and matched the role of circular economy in realizing 17 SDGs in urban scope. How circular economy strategy could potentially affect the SDGs, whether positive or negative, were comprehensively evaluated. We expect such findings could support an equilibrium decision-making on circular economy promotion in cities, rather than an optimum solution to a single target under the triple bottom line of sustainability., Accepted Author Manuscript, Integral Design & Management

Many local governments engaging in sustainable urban development also have a growing interest in becoming inclusive too, brand themselves as such and develop policies to become inclusive cities. However, knowing what exactly this entails and how it can be achieved is not always quite straightforward and requires thorough theoretical and empirical exploration. Consequently, we present a systematic deconstruction of the inclusive city concept in order to develop a better understanding of the main features and dimensions; this is done by means of both a bibliometric analysis and qualitative literature review. The results indicate that inclusiveness is multidimensional and comprised of spatial, social, environmental, economic, and political dimensions in which the characteristics of participation, equity, accessibility and sustainability are sometimes interwoven. Overall, the inclusive city is not merely a precondition for the creation of just space, well-being, and environmental responsibility, but also an opportunity to take stock of interests of stakeholders in cities and to create local public value. The findings have implications for urban policy and practice, more specifically, the clarification of the inclusive city concept and conceptual dimensions will provide significant reference for policymakers and practitioners to make prudent decisions in the process of creating an inclusive city., Integral Design & Management

Keilewijk is a collective housing design for one-parent families in the M4H region in Rotterdam. The M4H is an area where, in the past, heavy dock work was carried out. Space has now been made to expand residential Rotterdam with high-density housing and facilities and to transform the area into a working-living environment. Children and their families’ presence in this future city is essential for the vitality of it, and quality of life in it. At the same time, a family home does not consist out of one type. In recent decades the composition of the standard family (the family of a father, a mother, and an average of two children) is fragmented into a wide variety of family compositions. The one-parent family, a family in which one parent raises one or more children without a second parent in the picture, is one of them. This type of family has an increasing share in our society. In addition, a large number of these families live in Rotterdam. It would be beneficial to keep it that way. The Keilewijk design offers housing for one-parent families in future Rotterdam. Keilewijk pays attention to a clear division between the domain of the public, the collective, the family and the individual. The design offers suitable homes and collective spaces for one-parent families, which at the same time -based on American sociologist Richard Senett's theories of the Open City- can contribute to the support of inclusiveness in future Rotterdam. Keilewijk represents a design in which a wide variety of suitable homes stacked together form an intimate vertical neighbourhood. A design that offers room for children to, step by step, take distance from their front door and to gradually get to know their city of Rotterdam., Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Dwelling

“In which way can the design of the residential environment contribute to the social self-reliance of young people with a mild intellectual disability?” We are facing a huge challenge in the Netherlands: we have to build up to ‘1 Million Homes’ by 2030. But such a huge assignment raises the question if those new dwellings will be inclusive enough for all different users. What about young people with a mild intellectual disability? Due to the entrance of the ‘Wet Maatschappelijke Ondersteuning’ (WMO) in 2015 it is no longer possible to apply for their housing via the care for disabled people. They stay longer at home, because of their need of support. This despite their willingness to live independently, just like others., Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Dwelling

Along with unprecedented urbanization in the last few decades, cities have experienced rapid social and economic transformation in China. A major challenge facing urban authorities in the immediate future is how to plan and govern cities such that they can serve as inclusive systems where everyone is enabled and empowered to fully participate in and contribute to socioeconomic life. A first step towards realizing this is to conceptualize an integrated framework that allows analysts and decision-makers to delineate, evaluate, and guide the development of these cities towards inclusiveness. In this study, we conducted a conceptual analysis of urban inclusiveness and then proposed a multidimensional framework for the evaluation of inclusive development. This is followed by the presentation of the case of Xiong'an, for which inclusive development indicators (IDIs) were selected. By comparing the state before the establishment of Xiong'an with its current development progress, and analyzing the area's management structure and policy measures, the inclusive development challenges are identified. Subsequently, suggestions are given on how to direct Xiong'an toward higher levels of inclusiveness, including offering equal access to public services and employment opportunities, preserving environmental health and sustainable use of natural resources through waste recycling, and encouraging public participation in decision-making to bring higher levels of inclusion within reach.

The year 2015 has become the year of migration. In total, around 60,000 people applied for asylum in the Netherlands, the highest number in the last 25 years. In addition, around 70 percent of this number has been granted a permit to stay in the Netherlands for an indefinite period of time (Dagevos & Odé, 2016). Therefore, these refugees now have become a permanent Dutch citizen. They can either be treated as an asset to Dutch society or treated as a burden for which the society must pay in order to maintain them according to the laws of humanity. However, treating them as an asset has got a long way to go, since the majority of the status holders are in a poor socio-economic position; the part of working people is low, social security dependency is alarmingly high, and a substantial part has an income below the poverty line (Dagevos & Odé, 2016). Only a small part of this large group of status holders have got a paid job during the first years of their stay. Labor participation indeed will become bigger as their stay will extend, but the group of family status holders who have come to the Netherlands in the same period as the singles, will stay behind (Bakker, 2016). Numbers show that only giving refugees a residence permit isn’t enough.These yet to be formed group of people have to be transformed and molded into an asset for the Dutch society. Data shows, that the current strategy isn’t working good enough and many of these people are still depending on the dividend from the state. This is despite the fact that so many municipalities already offer extra help to these target groups., Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Dwelling

Along with unprecedented urbanization in the last few decades, cities have experienced rapid social and economic transformation in China. A major challenge facing urban authorities in the immediate future is how to plan and govern cities such that they can serve as inclusive systems where everyone is enabled and empowered to fully participate in and contribute to socioeconomic life. A first step towards realizing this is to conceptualize an integrated framework that allows analysts and decision-makers to delineate, evaluate, and guide the development of these cities towards inclusiveness. In this study, we conducted a conceptual analysis of urban inclusiveness and then proposed a multidimensional framework for the evaluation of inclusive development. This is followed by the presentation of the case of Xiong'an, for which inclusive development indicators (IDIs) were selected. By comparing the state before the establishment of Xiong'an with its current development progress, and analyzing the area's management structure and policy measures, the inclusive development challenges are identified. Subsequently, suggestions are given on how to direct Xiong'an toward higher levels of inclusiveness, including offering equal access to public services and employment opportunities, preserving environmental health and sustainable use of natural resources through waste recycling, and encouraging public participation in decision-making to bring higher levels of inclusion within reach., Integral Design and Management, Projects

The process of globalization of the economy created the idea of a global urban hierarchy. Within this context, the Olympic Games and its legacy started to be seen as a tool for cities to attract large scale investment and be projected in this global economic perspective. In the case of the 2016 Olympic Games held in Rio de Janeiro, massive dislocation of people and substantial public investments in exclusive areas left behind a legacy of empty venues, gentrification, and real estate speculation, further contributing to increasing the already existing social-spatial inequality within the city. This project proposes building upon this legacy of the Olympics to create more inclusive planning for the city of Rio de Janeiro, reintegrating segregated areas into the city and designing strategies for better use of Olympic venues. It focuses on the possibilities of acting on the legacies left behind once the Games are over in order to revert the negative social and spatial impacts of hosting such a mega-event and put them in the agenda of future urban plans., Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Complex Cities

This graduation project is focused on a re-interpretation of the design of a high-rise building from an urban design perspective, to contribute to a more inclusive city. This is captured by the main research question: In which manner could the design of a high-rise building in the context of the Binckhorst The Hague, from the perspective of urban design, contribute to the development of a more inclusive city? The urgency of the subject follows on the trend of high-rise developments in Europe, The Netherlands and The Hague. The Hague is predicted to grow substantially in population until 2040. The municipality has chosen a strategy of high-rise developments, to house the increasing population and to improve spatial quality. The Binckhorst plays an important role in this strategy. In the design of high-rise buildings there is a set of social challenges that should be accounted for: a rigid structure, homogeneity; and vertical segregation. The lack of a humanistic approach and the high amount of residents per building create the urge to approach the design of high-rise buildings from an urban design perspective. The Hague is dealing with a set of social challenges like segregation, loneliness, and social exclusion. This should be understood in the light of a hyper-diverse population with the nature of constantly changing needs and values of the residents. The main design value is inclusivity, as a part of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, it answers to the most fundamental ethical consideration for the development of our cities. Related to the theories of Just Diversity and the Open-City, the sub-design values that contribute to a more inclusive city and answer to the social context of The Hague are formulated. The design values taken from these theories are recognition, encounter and adaptability. Recognition addresses the different needs and values of people, adaptability responds to the changing needs and values and encounter is aimed at facil, City of the Future, Urban Fabrics, Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Urbanism

Information and data have become a new working tool for many disciplines including urbanism. Its incorporation into the field of urban planning is currently a process with great development potential. within this context, citizens are one of the most important sources of data, providing relevant information for better smart city planning, adapted to their preferences and needs. In this sense, social networks are very powerful tools that city planners have to know directly from users the use they make of public space. It is clear that this information cannot be left out of the process of smart planning and design of today’s cities. Specifically, this work focuses on the study of sport social networks and aims to determine which sport social networks offer the greatest potential for improving urban planning processes. To this end, the main existing social networks in this field are studied and, as a conclusion, the advantages and disadvantages that make these sports networks an opportunity to move towards smarter, more participatory and inclusive urban planning are discussed.

Information and data have become a new working tool for many disciplines including urbanism. Its incorporation into the field of urban planning is currently a process with great development potential. within this context, citizens are one of the most important sources of data, providing relevant information for better smart city planning, adapted to their preferences and needs. In this sense, social networks are very powerful tools that city planners have to know directly from users the use they make of public space. It is clear that this information cannot be left out of the process of smart planning and design of today’s cities. Specifically, this work focuses on the study of sport social networks and aims to determine which sport social networks offer the greatest potential for improving urban planning processes. To this end, the main existing social networks in this field are studied and, as a conclusion, the advantages and disadvantages that make these sports networks an opportunity to move towards smarter, more participatory and inclusive urban planning are discussed.

This article aims to reflect, in an introductory way, on accessibility and inclusion of the Deaf in the contemporary city, from a geographical approach. The reflections developed here are an excerpt of discussions that are being carried out in doctoral research in Geography (UFRN) that intends to explore the deficiencies of cities in the perspective of the Deaf individual. We will start from the discussion about contemporary city, to funnel thought to the inclusive city debate with an emphasis on the Deaf and their community. The Deaf exist and live in urban spaces, therefore, they are par excellence geographic subjects, they are also invisible to the eyes of the majority. The inclusion and accessibility debate is present in other Social Sciences, therefore, Geography can corroborate these researches by approaching themes that are latent in the urban space, since they follow the dynamics of the city's complexity, the debates about the minorities and geographic science itself. The methodology of this work is based on the theoretical-conceptual discussion about the contemporary city, the inclusive city and the possibilities of thinking the urban space from the perspective of the Deaf subject., Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir, de maneira introdutória, sobre acessibilidade e inclusão dos Surdos na cidade contemporânea, a partir de uma abordagem geográfica. As reflexões desenvolvidas aqui são um recorte de discussões que estão sendo realizadas em pesquisa de doutoramento em Geografia (UFRN) que pretende explorar as deficiências das cidades na perspectiva do sujeito Surdo. Partiremos da discussão sobre cidade contemporânea, para afunilar o pensamento até o debate da cidade inclusiva com ênfase nos Surdos e sua comunidade. Os Surdos vivem nos espaços urbanos, portanto, são sujeitos geográficos por excelência, são também invisíveis aos olhos da maioria. O debate da inclusão e acessibilidade está presente em outras Ciências Sociais, portanto, a Geografia pode corroborar com essas pesquisas ao aproximar-se de temas que estão latentes no espaço urbano, uma vez que acompanham a dinâmica da complexidade da cidade, dos debates sobre as minorias e da própria ciência geográfica. A metodologia deste trabalho se dá a partir da discussão teórico-conceitual sobre a cidade contemporânea, a cidade inclusiva e as possibilidades de pensar o espaço urbano a partir do olhar do sujeito Surdo., Este artículo pretende reflexionar, de forma introductoria, sobre la accesibilidad e inclusión de las personas Sordas en la ciudad contemporánea, desde un enfoque geográfico. Las reflexiones desarrolladas aquí son un extracto de las discusiones que se están llevando a cabo en la investigación de doctorado en Geografía (UFRN) que tiene la intención de explorar las deficiencias de las ciudades en la perspectiva del individuo Sordo. Comenzaremos desde la discusión sobre la ciudad contemporánea, para canalizar el pensamiento hacia el debate sobre la ciudad inclusiva con énfasis en los Sordos y su comunidad. Los Sordos existen y viven en espacios urbanos, por lo tanto, son sujetos geográficos por excelencia, también son invisibles a los ojos de la mayoría. El debate sobre la inclusión y la accesibilidad está presente en otras ciencias sociales, por lo tanto, la geografía puede corroborar estas investigaciones al abordar temas que están latentes en el espacio urbano, ya que siguen la dinámica de la complejidad de la ciudad, los debates sobre el minorías y ciencia geográfica en sí. La metodología de este trabajo se basa en la discusión teórico-conceptual sobre la ciudad contemporánea, la ciudad inclusiva y las posibilidades de pensar el espacio urbano desde la perspectiva del sujeto Sordo.

Along with unprecedented urbanization in the last few decades, cities have experienced rapid social and economic transformation in China. A major challenge facing urban authorities in the immediate future is how to plan and govern cities such that they can serve as inclusive systems where everyone is enabled and empowered to fully participate in and contribute to socioeconomic life. A first step towards realizing this is to conceptualize an integrated framework that allows analysts and decision-makers to delineate, evaluate, and guide the development of these cities towards inclusiveness. In this study, we conducted a conceptual analysis of urban inclusiveness and then proposed a multidimensional framework for the evaluation of inclusive development. This is followed by the presentation of the case of Xiong'an, for which inclusive development indicators (IDIs) were selected. By comparing the state before the establishment of Xiong'an with its current development progress, and analyzing the area's management structure and policy measures, the inclusive development challenges are identified. Subsequently, suggestions are given on how to direct Xiong'an toward higher levels of inclusiveness, including offering equal access to public services and employment opportunities, preserving environmental health and sustainable use of natural resources through waste recycling, and encouraging public participation in decision-making to bring higher levels of inclusion within reach., Integral Design & Management, Projects

This graduation project is focused on a re-interpretation of the design of a high-rise building from an urban design perspective, to contribute to a more inclusive city. This is captured by the main research question: In which manner could the design of a high-rise building in the context of the Binckhorst The Hague, from the perspective of urban design, contribute to the development of a more inclusive city? The urgency of the subject follows on the trend of high-rise developments in Europe, The Netherlands and The Hague. The Hague is predicted to grow substantially in population until 2040. The municipality has chosen a strategy of high-rise developments, to house the increasing population and to improve spatial quality. The Binckhorst plays an important role in this strategy. In the design of high-rise buildings there is a set of social challenges that should be accounted for: a rigid structure, homogeneity; and vertical segregation. The lack of a humanistic approach and the high amount of residents per building create the urge to approach the design of high-rise buildings from an urban design perspective. The Hague is dealing with a set of social challenges like segregation, loneliness, and social exclusion. This should be understood in the light of a hyper-diverse population with the nature of constantly changing needs and values of the residents. The main design value is inclusivity, as a part of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, it answers to the most fundamental ethical consideration for the development of our cities. Related to the theories of Just Diversity and the Open-City, the sub-design values that contribute to a more inclusive city and answer to the social context of The Hague are formulated. The design values taken from these theories are recognition, encounter and adaptability. Recognition addresses the different needs and values of people, adaptability responds to the changing needs and values and encounter is aimed at facil, City of the Future, Urban Fabrics, Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Urbanism

The year 2015 has become the year of migration. In total, around 60,000 people applied for asylum in the Netherlands, the highest number in the last 25 years. In addition, around 70 percent of this number has been granted a permit to stay in the Netherlands for an indefinite period of time (Dagevos & Odé, 2016). Therefore, these refugees now have become a permanent Dutch citizen. They can either be treated as an asset to Dutch society or treated as a burden for which the society must pay in order to maintain them according to the laws of humanity. However, treating them as an asset has got a long way to go, since the majority of the status holders are in a poor socio-economic position; the part of working people is low, social security dependency is alarmingly high, and a substantial part has an income below the poverty line (Dagevos & Odé, 2016). Only a small part of this large group of status holders have got a paid job during the first years of their stay. Labor participation indeed will become bigger as their stay will extend, but the group of family status holders who have come to the Netherlands in the same period as the singles, will stay behind (Bakker, 2016). Numbers show that only giving refugees a residence permit isn’t enough.These yet to be formed group of people have to be transformed and molded into an asset for the Dutch society. Data shows, that the current strategy isn’t working good enough and many of these people are still depending on the dividend from the state. This is despite the fact that so many municipalities already offer extra help to these target groups., Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Dwelling

The process of globalization of the economy created the idea of a global urban hierarchy. Within this context, the Olympic Games and its legacy started to be seen as a tool for cities to attract large scale investment and be projected in this global economic perspective. In the case of the 2016 Olympic Games held in Rio de Janeiro, massive dislocation of people and substantial public investments in exclusive areas left behind a legacy of empty venues, gentrification, and real estate speculation, further contributing to increasing the already existing social-spatial inequality within the city. This project proposes building upon this legacy of the Olympics to create more inclusive planning for the city of Rio de Janeiro, reintegrating segregated areas into the city and designing strategies for better use of Olympic venues. It focuses on the possibilities of acting on the legacies left behind once the Games are over in order to revert the negative social and spatial impacts of hosting such a mega-event and put them in the agenda of future urban plans., Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Complex Cities

The location and context in which people live influences and conditions their opportunities in life. This becomes relevant in a world subject to rapid urban and demographic growth, in which different economic, social, and political forces generate and accentuate disparities in cities. The foregoing generates an unequal distribution of the different social groups in the territory known as socio-spatial segregation. The study of this phenomenon incorporates a large number of variables belonging to different dimensions. Nonetheless, few studies have addressed socio-spatial segregation with a multivariate analysis approach. In addition, the existing studies may have obtained misleading outcomes by not acknowledging the inherent compositional nature of their variables. The objective of the present study is twofold: (i) To assess whether the phenomenon of socio-spatial segregation in Guadalajara, Mexico exists; and (ii) to introduce and stress the use of compositional techniques for the study of socio-spatial segregation. The study applied principal component analysis and cluster analysis considering the compositional nature of census variables, particularly from economic and educative indicators. In addition, the study used geographical information tools to depict and interpret the results. The results are intended to serve in the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals towards inclusive and sustainable cities., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

This graduation project is a collaboration between the Inclusive City Hub (part of Delft Design Labs) and the Gemeente Delft. This project focuses on the topic of participation for creating people–centered cities. The initial problem definition of the project was to understand how the municipality of Delft can design with the people of the city by moving towards a participatory approach such that they can address the needs of people at optimal moments during the process. Based on the analysis and findings from research the problem addressed by this project was redefined. The redefined problem was how can we reduce the threshold of the municipality to embrace and adopt participation as a part of their daily way of working. From this question the two problem areas to be addressed were defined as; one, a lack in ability of the municipality to act on participatory frameworks and two, a lack of willingness of the municipality to make participation a part of their culture. The resulting solution and final outcome proposed was to design a sensitizing participation journal or booklet for use by the people working in the municipality. The main goal of this journal is to equip folks at the municipality to act on the participatory framework of Delfts Doen by means of the tools provided in it. The journal also hopes to inspire and sensitize the municipality about participation, paving the way to increase the willingness and bring about a culture change in the municipality regarding participation. To conclude, the challenges with participatory design lie in the adoption of a new mindset within large organizations such as municipalities, since this mindset strongly challenges the existing power structure and hierarchy within an organization. It is expected that the findings of this thesis can contribute to this knowledge by building on how these challenges can be overcome by focusing on the needs that must be fulfilled for people working in organizat, Strategic Product Design

Nowadays more and more people lose their home due to bad luck, like a divorce, a calamity in their dwelling or economic problems. There is no proper place for these people to go to, so with this design I wanted to make one. A family with children should be placed as easily as a single person, so flexibility is a mayor issue in this project. To generate this flexibility, the buildings are made cylindrical, apartments can be joint or used separately, and there is a certain flexibility within the apartments., Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Dwelling

This article summarizes the urban proposal of the team led by Professor Estanislau Roca, consisting of professors and students of the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), for the International Student Urban Design Competition for Shanghai Railway Station presented in 2015 at the Haishang Cultural Ce nter in Shanghai. Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Te chnology (MIT), Tong ji University, Cardiff University, Southeast University of Nanjing and UPC participated in the competition. The UPC team won a second ex aequo prize with MIT. The UPC proposal represents the urban redeve lopment of an extensive area located in the heart of the city of Shanghai, where the creation of a park comprising about 40 hectares was conceived. The park is designed to form a vast new spac e in the city, in an area covered by railroad tracks east of the Shanghai Railway Station, which form a great barrier that divides the Zhabei Dist rict into two disconnected parts. In the framework of the Shanghai Master Plan 2020–2040, the metropolitan scale is reflected at the local level. The proposal re inforces the continuity of green and blue through strategies that connect the new park with other existing open urban spaces and rivers. Furthermore, it enhances ecological continuity and stimulates regeneration. The project contributes to improving problems with air pollution while at the same time making the currently adopted measures more economically sustainable. Conceived from a holistic perspective, the idea is modelled on a harmonious, inclusive, friendly, smart, accessible, sustainable ci ty networked through the state-of-the-art technology that is essential for such comple x urban transformations. What is more, it rigorously pursues economic viability thro ughout each stage of implementation by guaranteeing that each phase finances itself while maintaining the ledger in a positive balance., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

This graduation project is a collaboration between the Inclusive City Hub (part of Delft Design Labs) and the Gemeente Delft. This project focuses on the topic of participation for creating people–centered cities. The initial problem definition of the project was to understand how the municipality of Delft can design with the people of the city by moving towards a participatory approach such that they can address the needs of people at optimal moments during the process. Based on the analysis and findings from research the problem addressed by this project was redefined. The redefined problem was how can we reduce the threshold of the municipality to embrace and adopt participation as a part of their daily way of working. From this question the two problem areas to be addressed were defined as; one, a lack in ability of the municipality to act on participatory frameworks and two, a lack of willingness of the municipality to make participation a part of their culture. The resulting solution and final outcome proposed was to design a sensitizing participation journal or booklet for use by the people working in the municipality. The main goal of this journal is to equip folks at the municipality to act on the participatory framework of Delfts Doen by means of the tools provided in it. The journal also hopes to inspire and sensitize the municipality about participation, paving the way to increase the willingness and bring about a culture change in the municipality regarding participation. To conclude, the challenges with participatory design lie in the adoption of a new mindset within large organizations such as municipalities, since this mindset strongly challenges the existing power structure and hierarchy within an organization. It is expected that the findings of this thesis can contribute to this knowledge by building on how these challenges can be overcome by focusing on the needs that must be fulfilled for people working in organizat, Strategic Product Design

Nowadays more and more people lose their home due to bad luck, like a divorce, a calamity in their dwelling or economic problems. There is no proper place for these people to go to, so with this design I wanted to make one. A family with children should be placed as easily as a single person, so flexibility is a mayor issue in this project. To generate this flexibility, the buildings are made cylindrical, apartments can be joint or used separately, and there is a certain flexibility within the apartments., Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Dwelling

There is a growing social awareness about accessibility. The accessibility in cities and public spaces has become in an important issue in official agendas due to recent European directives. There are several studies on the way to improve accessibility in cities but they do not offer the possibility of view if solutions applied are valid over time. This paper proposes a method to measure the degree of accessibility of a city or urban area by using data from conflicting accessibility points collected by the own citizens. It will allow us to visualize in a concise way how accessible a city is and its progression in the time.

The Smart City concept has transformed the meaning of citizen participation. Smart Cities are characterized by being inclusive cities, i.e., cities for all. But the concept of inclusive city refers both to make it easy for citizens to use urban spaces and to involve citizens in the planning, design and management of cities. Citizens leave a trace when using public space and this information can be known, thanks to the last technological advances in the field of Information and Communication Technology It is the citizens themselves who voluntarily make these data available via social networking websites. It is therefore a new form of public participation. Knowing the real citizens’ use of public space is essential for the planning and design of Smart Cities. However, information in general is not and does not produce knowledge itself. Knowledge does not simply come from having access to large amounts of information. It is necessary to understand the databases and structure the information to ensure proper use of it. This research delves into problem solving on how to collect and how to process this information. Specifically, this paper focuses on obtaining data from social networking websites relating to the sports field. The main goal of this research is to introduce a citizen-centric urban planning approach by analysing the possibilities offered by the citizen-generated data retrieved from social networks for sport. As a result, the graphic representation of aggregated geospatial information in an urban context is proposed in order to improve the decision-making process for its planning and design.

Within the context of the changes provoked by globalization and overurbanization in recent decades, cities face the challenge of conceiving new and more competitive and sustainable development models. To this effect, the Smart City is proposed as a new model of urban development. However, the concept of Smart City has developed in such a way (in most cases completely alien to the area of Urbanism) that, in a way, cities have begun to face the risk of losing their soul. Clear examples of this are the new ‘intelligent’ cities created from scratch as mere efficient functional structures, without history and even without inhabitants, and lacking understanding of the very complexity and nature of cities, which are first and foremost dynamic places to be experienced. This is why, one of the main challenges with which Urbanism of the 21st century is confronted, is to work on redefining the concept of Smart City, redirecting its development to humanize and give soul back to these near future ‘intelligent’ cities. In this direction, the main objective of this research is to contribute as urban planners in this redefinition of the concept of Smart City as a new model of urban development. From the work carried out, the proposal of a model, sensitive to the environment (natural, cultural and urban) but above all a model focused on people, their preferences, opinions and needs is concluded.

There is a growing social awareness about accessibility. The accessibility in cities and public spaces has become in an important issue in official agendas due to recent European directives. There are several studies on the way to improve accessibility in cities but they do not offer the possibility of view if solutions applied are valid over time. This paper proposes a method to measure the degree of accessibility of a city or urban area by using data from conflicting accessibility points collected by the own citizens. It will allow us to visualize in a concise way how accessible a city is and its progression in the time.

The Smart City concept has transformed the meaning of citizen participation. Smart Cities are characterized by being inclusive cities, i.e., cities for all. But the concept of inclusive city refers both to make it easy for citizens to use urban spaces and to involve citizens in the planning, design and management of cities. Citizens leave a trace when using public space and this information can be known, thanks to the last technological advances in the field of Information and Communication Technology It is the citizens themselves who voluntarily make these data available via social networking websites. It is therefore a new form of public participation. Knowing the real citizens’ use of public space is essential for the planning and design of Smart Cities. However, information in general is not and does not produce knowledge itself. Knowledge does not simply come from having access to large amounts of information. It is necessary to understand the databases and structure the information to ensure proper use of it. This research delves into problem solving on how to collect and how to process this information. Specifically, this paper focuses on obtaining data from social networking websites relating to the sports field. The main goal of this research is to introduce a citizen-centric urban planning approach by analysing the possibilities offered by the citizen-generated data retrieved from social networks for sport. As a result, the graphic representation of aggregated geospatial information in an urban context is proposed in order to improve the decision-making process for its planning and design.

[EN] Within the context of the changes provoked by globalization and over-urbanization in recent decades, cities face the challenge of conceiving new and more competitive and sustainable development models. To this effect, the Smart City is proposed as a new model of urban development. However, the concept of Smart City has developed in such a way (in most cases completely alien to the area of Urbanism) that, in a way, cities have begun to face the risk of losing their soul. Clear examples of this are the new 'intelligent' cities created from scratch as mere efficient functional structures, without history and even without inhabitants, and lacking understanding of the very complexity and nature of cities, which are first and foremost dynamic places to be experienced. This is why, one of the main challenges with which Urbanism of the 21st century is confronted, is to work on redefining the concept of Smart City, redirecting its development to humanize and give soul back to these near future 'intelligent' cities. In this direction, the main objective of this research is to contribute as urban planners in this redefinition of the concept of Smart City as a new model of urban development. From the work carried out, the proposal of a model, sensitive to the environment (natural, cultural and urban) but above all a model focused on people, their preferences, opinions and needs is concluded.

[EN] Within the context of the changes provoked by globalization and over-urbanization in recent decades, cities face the challenge of conceiving new and more competitive and sustainable development models. To this effect, the Smart City is proposed as a new model of urban development. However, the concept of Smart City has developed in such a way (in most cases completely alien to the area of Urbanism) that, in a way, cities have begun to face the risk of losing their soul. Clear examples of this are the new 'intelligent' cities created from scratch as mere efficient functional structures, without history and even without inhabitants, and lacking understanding of the very complexity and nature of cities, which are first and foremost dynamic places to be experienced. This is why, one of the main challenges with which Urbanism of the 21st century is confronted, is to work on redefining the concept of Smart City, redirecting its development to humanize and give soul back to these near future 'intelligent' cities. In this direction, the main objective of this research is to contribute as urban planners in this redefinition of the concept of Smart City as a new model of urban development. From the work carried out, the proposal of a model, sensitive to the environment (natural, cultural and urban) but above all a model focused on people, their preferences, opinions and needs is concluded.

[EN] Within the context of the changes provoked by globalization and over-urbanization in recent decades, cities face the challenge of conceiving new and more competitive and sustainable development models. To this effect, the Smart City is proposed as a new model of urban development. However, the concept of Smart City has developed in such a way (in most cases completely alien to the area of Urbanism) that, in a way, cities have begun to face the risk of losing their soul. Clear examples of this are the new 'intelligent' cities created from scratch as mere efficient functional structures, without history and even without inhabitants, and lacking understanding of the very complexity and nature of cities, which are first and foremost dynamic places to be experienced. This is why, one of the main challenges with which Urbanism of the 21st century is confronted, is to work on redefining the concept of Smart City, redirecting its development to humanize and give soul back to these near future 'intelligent' cities. In this direction, the main objective of this research is to contribute as urban planners in this redefinition of the concept of Smart City as a new model of urban development. From the work carried out, the proposal of a model, sensitive to the environment (natural, cultural and urban) but above all a model focused on people, their preferences, opinions and needs is concluded.

[EN] Within the context of the changes provoked by globalization and over-urbanization in recent decades, cities face the challenge of conceiving new and more competitive and sustainable development models. To this effect, the Smart City is proposed as a new model of urban development. However, the concept of Smart City has developed in such a way (in most cases completely alien to the area of Urbanism) that, in a way, cities have begun to face the risk of losing their soul. Clear examples of this are the new 'intelligent' cities created from scratch as mere efficient functional structures, without history and even without inhabitants, and lacking understanding of the very complexity and nature of cities, which are first and foremost dynamic places to be experienced. This is why, one of the main challenges with which Urbanism of the 21st century is confronted, is to work on redefining the concept of Smart City, redirecting its development to humanize and give soul back to these near future 'intelligent' cities. In this direction, the main objective of this research is to contribute as urban planners in this redefinition of the concept of Smart City as a new model of urban development. From the work carried out, the proposal of a model, sensitive to the environment (natural, cultural and urban) but above all a model focused on people, their preferences, opinions and needs is concluded.

[EN] Within the context of the changes provoked by globalization and over-urbanization in recent decades, cities face the challenge of conceiving new and more competitive and sustainable development models. To this effect, the Smart City is proposed as a new model of urban development. However, the concept of Smart City has developed in such a way (in most cases completely alien to the area of Urbanism) that, in a way, cities have begun to face the risk of losing their soul. Clear examples of this are the new 'intelligent' cities created from scratch as mere efficient functional structures, without history and even without inhabitants, and lacking understanding of the very complexity and nature of cities, which are first and foremost dynamic places to be experienced. This is why, one of the main challenges with which Urbanism of the 21st century is confronted, is to work on redefining the concept of Smart City, redirecting its development to humanize and give soul back to these near future 'intelligent' cities. In this direction, the main objective of this research is to contribute as urban planners in this redefinition of the concept of Smart City as a new model of urban development. From the work carried out, the proposal of a model, sensitive to the environment (natural, cultural and urban) but above all a model focused on people, their preferences, opinions and needs is concluded.

We are witnessing the transition from managerial toward entrepreneurial activities in cities, with the goal of finding new forms of competitive capitalism (Harvey 1989). As a consequence of economies of a globalized world, competitiveness of cities has a huge importance for realizing a better position of cities in the region and in the global network of cities. One possible and successful development scenario under mentioned circumstances is the implementation of a city development strategy based on knowledge and creativity. In accordance with the nature of the profession, the process of architectural and urban design is always under the influence of current economic, political, social and cultural events. Creative city could be defined as a place of diverse and inclusive arts and culture, as well as the place of economic innovation, creative talents and creative industries. Although such a concept could produce an exclusive place for living, it involves the application of inclusive design of a city, based on economic, social, environmental and cultural sensitive policies that allow everyone to improve economically. In the spirit of thus listed process characteristics, the development concept of the creative city becomes a very useful instrument. This paper presents a review of research done at the Faculty of Architecture, University in Belgrade (in the period from 2008 to 2015). The research task pertained to establishing spatial and functional potentials of various sites within the territory of Belgrade.

[EN] This document is the result of a research on management systems used in informal cities as Brazil, Peru and Colombia. Its main objective is to describe and analyze urban management systems, legality and financial ground. In order to propose a theoretical model of management, recent studies were taken into account. To achieve this objective, different management systems were compared in these countries, then, their strenghts and weaknesses were analyzed, and finally a theoretical model was proposed that can be applied and adapted to any casual city. In future research this model will be applied to the informal city of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia)., [CA] Aquest document és el resultat de la investigació realitzada sobre els sistemes de gestió que es presenten a les ciutats informals de Brasil, Perú i Colòmbia. El seu objectiu principal és realitzar una descripció i una anàlisi dels sistemes de gestió urbanística, de la legalitat del sòl i financera, tenint en compte els estudis realitzats fins avui, per a així poder plantejar un model teòric de gestió. Per a aconseguir aquest objectiu es va realitzar un estudi comparatiu dels diferents sistemes de gestió emprats en els esmentats països, per a posteriorment analitzar les seues fortaleses i debilitats, i finalment plantejar un model teòric que puga ser aplicat i adaptat a qualsevol ciutat informal. En futures línies d'investigació s¿aplicarà a la ciutat informal de Cartagena de Indias (Colòmbia)., [ES] Este documento es el resultado de la investigación realizada acerca de los sistemas de gestión que se presentan en las ciudades informales de Brasil, Perú y Colombia. Su objetivo principal es realizar una descripción y un análisis de los sistemas de gestión urbana, de la legalidad del suelo y financiera, teniendo en cuenta los estudios realizados hasta la fecha, para así poder plantear un modelo teórico de gestión. Para alcanzar este objetiVo se realizo una comparativa de los diferentes sistemas de gestión empleados en dichos países, para posteriormente analizar sus fortalezas y debilidades y finalmente plantear un modelo teórico que pueda ser aplicado y adaptado a cualquier ciudad informal. En futuras líneas de investigación será aplicado a la ciudad informal de Cartagena de Indias (Colombia).

[EN] This document is the result of a research on management systems used in informal cities as Brazil, Peru and Colombia. Its main objective is to describe and analyze urban management systems, legality and financial ground. In order to propose a theoretical model of management, recent studies were taken into account. To achieve this objective, different management systems were compared in these countries, then, their strenghts and weaknesses were analyzed, and finally a theoretical model was proposed that can be applied and adapted to any casual city. In future research this model will be applied to the informal city of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia)., [CA] Aquest document és el resultat de la investigació realitzada sobre els sistemes de gestió que es presenten a les ciutats informals de Brasil, Perú i Colòmbia. El seu objectiu principal és realitzar una descripció i una anàlisi dels sistemes de gestió urbanística, de la legalitat del sòl i financera, tenint en compte els estudis realitzats fins avui, per a així poder plantejar un model teòric de gestió. Per a aconseguir aquest objectiu es va realitzar un estudi comparatiu dels diferents sistemes de gestió emprats en els esmentats països, per a posteriorment analitzar les seues fortaleses i debilitats, i finalment plantejar un model teòric que puga ser aplicat i adaptat a qualsevol ciutat informal. En futures línies d'investigació s¿aplicarà a la ciutat informal de Cartagena de Indias (Colòmbia)., [ES] Este documento es el resultado de la investigación realizada acerca de los sistemas de gestión que se presentan en las ciudades informales de Brasil, Perú y Colombia. Su objetivo principal es realizar una descripción y un análisis de los sistemas de gestión urbana, de la legalidad del suelo y financiera, teniendo en cuenta los estudios realizados hasta la fecha, para así poder plantear un modelo teórico de gestión. Para alcanzar este objetiVo se realizo una comparativa de los diferentes sistemas de gestión empleados en dichos países, para posteriormente analizar sus fortalezas y debilidades y finalmente plantear un modelo teórico que pueda ser aplicado y adaptado a cualquier ciudad informal. En futuras líneas de investigación será aplicado a la ciudad informal de Cartagena de Indias (Colombia).

[EN] This document is the result of a research on management systems used in informal cities as Brazil, Peru and Colombia. Its main objective is to describe and analyze urban management systems, legality and financial ground. In order to propose a theoretical model of management, recent studies were taken into account. To achieve this objective, different management systems were compared in these countries, then, their strenghts and weaknesses were analyzed, and finally a theoretical model was proposed that can be applied and adapted to any casual city. In future research this model will be applied to the informal city of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia)., [CA] Aquest document és el resultat de la investigació realitzada sobre els sistemes de gestió que es presenten a les ciutats informals de Brasil, Perú i Colòmbia. El seu objectiu principal és realitzar una descripció i una anàlisi dels sistemes de gestió urbanística, de la legalitat del sòl i financera, tenint en compte els estudis realitzats fins avui, per a així poder plantejar un model teòric de gestió. Per a aconseguir aquest objectiu es va realitzar un estudi comparatiu dels diferents sistemes de gestió emprats en els esmentats països, per a posteriorment analitzar les seues fortaleses i debilitats, i finalment plantejar un model teòric que puga ser aplicat i adaptat a qualsevol ciutat informal. En futures línies d'investigació s¿aplicarà a la ciutat informal de Cartagena de Indias (Colòmbia)., [ES] Este documento es el resultado de la investigación realizada acerca de los sistemas de gestión que se presentan en las ciudades informales de Brasil, Perú y Colombia. Su objetivo principal es realizar una descripción y un análisis de los sistemas de gestión urbana, de la legalidad del suelo y financiera, teniendo en cuenta los estudios realizados hasta la fecha, para así poder plantear un modelo teórico de gestión. Para alcanzar este objetiVo se realizo una comparativa de los diferentes sistemas de gestión empleados en dichos países, para posteriormente analizar sus fortalezas y debilidades y finalmente plantear un modelo teórico que pueda ser aplicado y adaptado a cualquier ciudad informal. En futuras líneas de investigación será aplicado a la ciudad informal de Cartagena de Indias (Colombia).

[EN] This document is the result of a research on management systems used in informal cities as Brazil, Peru and Colombia. Its main objective is to describe and analyze urban management systems, legality and financial ground. In order to propose a theoretical model of management, recent studies were taken into account. To achieve this objective, different management systems were compared in these countries, then, their strenghts and weaknesses were analyzed, and finally a theoretical model was proposed that can be applied and adapted to any casual city. In future research this model will be applied to the informal city of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia)., [CA] Aquest document és el resultat de la investigació realitzada sobre els sistemes de gestió que es presenten a les ciutats informals de Brasil, Perú i Colòmbia. El seu objectiu principal és realitzar una descripció i una anàlisi dels sistemes de gestió urbanística, de la legalitat del sòl i financera, tenint en compte els estudis realitzats fins avui, per a així poder plantejar un model teòric de gestió. Per a aconseguir aquest objectiu es va realitzar un estudi comparatiu dels diferents sistemes de gestió emprats en els esmentats països, per a posteriorment analitzar les seues fortaleses i debilitats, i finalment plantejar un model teòric que puga ser aplicat i adaptat a qualsevol ciutat informal. En futures línies d'investigació s¿aplicarà a la ciutat informal de Cartagena de Indias (Colòmbia)., [ES] Este documento es el resultado de la investigación realizada acerca de los sistemas de gestión que se presentan en las ciudades informales de Brasil, Perú y Colombia. Su objetivo principal es realizar una descripción y un análisis de los sistemas de gestión urbana, de la legalidad del suelo y financiera, teniendo en cuenta los estudios realizados hasta la fecha, para así poder plantear un modelo teórico de gestión. Para alcanzar este objetiVo se realizo una comparativa de los diferentes sistemas de gestión empleados en dichos países, para posteriormente analizar sus fortalezas y debilidades y finalmente plantear un modelo teórico que pueda ser aplicado y adaptado a cualquier ciudad informal. En futuras líneas de investigación será aplicado a la ciudad informal de Cartagena de Indias (Colombia).

The Neighborhood Recuperation Program of the Housing and Urbanism Minister of Chile is an innovative effort in public policy. Its objective is to build integral proposals in the urban development field, coming from the joint participation of the local community, local government and central government. It is an expression of the new relationship between the State and citizenship in building the city., El Programa Recuperación de Barrios del Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo, constituye un esfuerzo de innovación en política social, cuyo objetivo es construir propuestas de desarrollo urbano integral, surgidas del trabajo conjunto de la comunidad, los gobiernos locales y el gobierno central, como expresión de una nueva relación entre el Estado y la ciudadanía en la construcción de ciudad.

La quête de sens est une motivation essentielle pour les jeunes diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur. Ainsi, des acteurs de l’aménagement, de l’architecture ou du spectacle intègrent depuis quelques années l’économie sociale et solidaire. Ils fondent leur pratique sur des appels à projets et ils inventent des lieux hybrides qui associent mixité sociale et créativité.Si ce type de management vise l’innovation, ces pratiques bouleversent l’intervention sociale : les modes de financement sollicités modifient profondément le rapport au temps et à l’action. Partant de l’observation d’un tiers-lieu marseillais et de son environnement, cet article expose les tensions qui naissent des différences de pratiques et de cultures entre les porteurs d’un projet d’urbanisme transitoire et les structures sociales pérennes et plus traditionnelles qui l’environnent. Si la temporalité est pointée du doigt pour expliquer ces tensions, n’y aurait-il pas là l’expression d’un différend logique, qui engagerait la rationalité même du projet, interrogeant sa capacité à prendre réellement en compte les questions sociales auxquelles il prétend se confronter ?, The search for meaning is fundamental for young graduates. Thus, several actors from urban planning, architecture or entertainment integrate the social economy. They base their practices on calls for projects and they invent hybrid places, where social mix and creativity are combined. This kind of management aims for innovation, but this method disrupts the social sector. Indeed, this fund format involves a different relationship with time and action. Following the observation of Coco Velten, a third-place downtown Marseille, this article shows the tensions appearing develop between a temporary town planning project and its environment. The time scale difference of both approaches is commonly invoking. This argument is relevant but the rationality cutting across the project is probably also a decisive underlying factor.