Search

Virtual reality (VR) in educational settings is often promoted by commercial actors as a way to experience environments outside the classroom and a soon-to-be part of everyday teaching and learning. This study follows the development of an educational software package in a Swedish municipality that combines VR technology with 360° live footage from museums and science centers to enable students to visit these spaces from the classroom via their headsets. By focusing on the workarounds and configurations intuitively performed by teachers, students, museum staff, and technicians in this pilot project, different kinds of articulation work performed to make the technology fit with local conditions are identified, from hands-on repair and maintenance to the facilitation of interaction and presence. The collective effort put into making the technology disappear and create a feeling of unmediated experience or immediacy shows how global imaginaries about VR as an immersive technology are enacted by the participants, at the same time as the work put into the project made them challenge the idea of VR as a new everyday technology. This tension between the desire for immediacy and the hands-on work in the physical environment that goes into fulfilling these imaginaries points to the need for local production of educational technologies that recognizes their co-constructive, embodied, and situated nature.

In this contribution, I will draw on my experience as a translator of the textual component of plurisemiotic objects (i.e., creations that are received by the user through more than one channel: visual, aural, iconic, textual) in three different media: cinema, theatre, and comics. After a brief introduction, I will illustrate my point of view with the help of some examples.

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to describe the experiences of instructor social presence and immediacy on student success for asynchronous online students at universities that offer asynchronous learning in Southern California. The theory guiding this study was Short’s theory of social presence, as it explains the real and present interaction that affects the saliency and interpersonal relationships of the participants. The methodology for this qualitative study followed a hermeneutical phenomenological design of 10 asynchronous online students enrolled in universities in Southern California. Data were collected using individual interviews, letter writing, and a focus group. The data analysis included a phenomenological reduction of data coding to identify common themes and trends. These themes and trends were compared and contrasted against outlying experiences and synthesized to identify merging themes. Three themes and six sub-themes emerged from the study. The three themes included quality of instructor-student interaction, socialization and connectedness with instructors and peers, and effectiveness of online learning. Findings from this study will help current and future asynchronous online instructors use social presence and immediacy to improve students’ academic success.

Objective: Analyze the elements related to the satisfaction of the m-commerce consumer residing in the city of Tijuana. Methodology: Review about the concept of m-commerce. A questionnaire was applied to 600 m-commerce consumers residing in the city of Tijuana. Results: By applying the statistical technique of multiple linear regression, it was found that there is a positive association between the independent variables (efficiency of the purchasing process, optimization and design of the website or mobile app, monitoring during and after the sale, security of the platform or mobile app), with the dependent variable (m-commerce satisfaction). Limitations: The study focuses on the experience of m-commerce consumers in the city of Tijuana. It is necessary in a new investigation to identify the coincidences and differences with the strategies used to satisfy the needs of users by micro and small entrepreneurs in Tijuana who use m-commerce as one of their main sales channels. Conclusions: The contemporary consumer has been adapting to new purchasing modalities and systems, resolving opportunity, speed, convenience, exploration, and diversity from their mobile device., Objetivo: analizar los elementos relacionados con la satisfacción del consumidor del m-commerce con residencia en la ciudad de Tijuana. Metodología: revisión de literatura acerca del concepto del m-commerce. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 600 consumidores del m-commerce con residencia en la ciudad de Tijuana. Resultados: mediante la aplicación de la técnica estadística de regresión lineal múltiple, se encontró que existe asociación positiva entre las variables independientes (eficiencia del proceso de compra, optimización y diseño del sitio web o app móvil, seguimiento durante y posterior a la venta, seguridad de la plataforma o app móvil), con la variable dependiente (satisfacción del m-commerce). Limitaciones: el estudio se concentra en la experiencia de los consumidores del m-commerce de la ciudad de Tijuana. Es necesario en una nueva investigación identificar las coincidencias y diferencias con las estrategias empleadas para satisfacer las necesidades de los usuarios por los micro y pequeños empresarios de Tijuana que utilizan el m-commerce como uno de sus canales de venta principal. Conclusiones: el consumidor contemporáneo se ha estado adaptando a nuevas modalidades y sistema de compra, resolviendo la oportunidad, rapidez, conveniencia, exploración y diversidad desde su dispositivo móvil.

Virtual reality’s (VR) ability to reconcile immediacy and hyper-mediation is one of the most fascinating and contradictory aspects of it: hyper-mediated as the reality it allows access to is entirely constructed and made of media objects, and because the access is mediated by devices, VR is immediate as it fully involves the senses to which it is addressed, excluding other external stimuli. This aspect of exclusion is crucial for understanding the nature and potential of VR: today, immersing oneself in VR does not only mean temporarily estranging oneself from reality, but from a reality clogged with information flows, sensorial stimuli, diversion of attention; it means, in other words, artificially recreating the possibility of focus and daydream, a condition that has been made inaccessible – according to neuroscience – by hyperactivity and information overload. A daydream that’s guided and designed by the author of the VR environment, based on an unprecedented relationship between work and user and precisely for this reason capable of enabling the viewer with a new kind of autonomy and an attitude for digression. Through a selection of VR artworks as case studies, this paper wants to demonstrate how VR, often related to Surrealism for its ability to give life to alternative worlds and to host fragments of the unconscious, is rather closer to the “meridian dream” of De Chirico’s metaphysics, and able to stimulate flows of consciousness, inward looking and abstract thought.

El presente artículo analiza la vulneración del derecho a la defensa del procesado mediante la conexión por medios telemáticos en la audiencia de juicio, por ello, la obligación de celebrar audiencias virtuales debido a la pandemia COVID 19, instauró cambios en el modelo de asistir al trabajo basado en la presencialidad. A pesar de que nuestro Código Orgánico Integral Penal en el artículo 565 establece que las audiencias telemáticas u otros medios similares, son permitidos, ello, a la luz de esta investigación podría en ciertos casos afectar garantías constitucionales del procesado. En este sentido, la presente investigación se enmarca en una temática de actualidad referente a las audiencias por vía telemáticas, lo cual podría llegar a trasgredir principalmente el derecho a la defensa del procesado a estar físicamente presente en la audiencia de juicio (lo cual como se explicara en este artículo es un derecho derivado de la lectura armónica e integral de la constitución, tratados internaciones de derechos humanos y el COIP), de igual manera el principio de igualdad de armas y sobretodo la inmediación de los jueces con la presentación de las pruebas en la audiencia de juicio.

This essay concentrates on philosophizing that happens outside and in addition to planned philosophical discussions, philosophizing that comes alive in practice, that is intensified in childrens encounters with the world, with others, with language, in play. It contemplates how adults, educators and parents encounter children and are affected by childrens philosophical explorations. What is the role of the adult in childrens philosophical questioning? How can we respond to childrens philosophizing? What does it mean to do so? The essay explores philosophical exercises for early childhood educators in a range of examples from literature - memoirs, autobiographies, fiction and works that play in between those. By thinking through these literary examples, it investigates how educators can prepare for philosophical encounters with children through exercises of reading and thinking. In doing so the essay experiments with a form of writing that itself becomes a philosophical exercise. Through the examples and exercises the essay suggests how early childhood educators can train for a pedagogical immediacy that involves listening to the philosophical and existential questioning in childrens play, tantrums, and silences. The investigations and readings of the examples are not meant to lead to conclusions that can be directly applied in pedagogical practices; neither do they work as arguments for listening or listening in a particular way to children. What we get, and what I am looking for, is rather the experience of working and thinking through these examples.

This essay concentrates on philosophizing that happens outside and in addition to planned philosophical discussions, philosophizing that comes alive in practice, that is intensified in childrens encounters with the world, with others, with language, in play. It contemplates how adults, educators and parents encounter children and are affected by childrens philosophical explorations. What is the role of the adult in childrens philosophical questioning? How can we respond to childrens philosophizing? What does it mean to do so? The essay explores philosophical exercises for early childhood educators in a range of examples from literature - memoirs, autobiographies, fiction and works that play in between those. By thinking through these literary examples, it investigates how educators can prepare for philosophical encounters with children through exercises of reading and thinking. In doing so the essay experiments with a form of writing that itself becomes a philosophical exercise. Through the examples and exercises the essay suggests how early childhood educators can train for a pedagogical immediacy that involves listening to the philosophical and existential questioning in childrens play, tantrums, and silences. The investigations and readings of the examples are not meant to lead to conclusions that can be directly applied in pedagogical practices; neither do they work as arguments for listening or listening in a particular way to children. What we get, and what I am looking for, is rather the experience of working and thinking through these examples.

Virtual reality’s (VR) ability to reconcile immediacy and hyper-mediation is one of the most fascinating and contradictory aspects of it: hyper-mediated as the reality it allows access to is entirely constructed and made of media objects, and because the access is mediated by devices, VR is immediate as it fully involves the senses to which it is addressed, excluding other external stimuli. This aspect of exclusion is crucial for understanding the nature and potential of VR: today, immersing oneself in VR does not only mean temporarily estranging oneself from reality, but from a reality clogged with information flows, sensorial stimuli, diversion of attention; it means, in other words, artificially recreating the possibility of focus and daydream, a condition that has been made inaccessible – according to neuroscience – by hyperactivity and information overload. A daydream that’s guided and designed by the author of the VR environment, based on an unprecedented relationship between work and user and precisely for this reason capable of enabling the viewer with a new kind of autonomy and an attitude for digression. Through a selection of VR artworks as case studies, this paper wants to demonstrate how VR, often related to Surrealism for its ability to give life to alternative worlds and to host fragments of the unconscious, is rather closer to the “meridian dream” of De Chirico’s metaphysics, and able to stimulate flows of consciousness, inward looking and abstract thought.

El presente artículo analiza la vulneración del derecho a la defensa del procesado mediante la conexión por medios telemáticos en la audiencia de juicio, por ello, la obligación de celebrar audiencias virtuales debido a la pandemia COVID 19, instauró cambios en el modelo de asistir al trabajo basado en la presencialidad. A pesar de que nuestro Código Orgánico Integral Penal en el artículo 565 establece que las audiencias telemáticas u otros medios similares, son permitidos, ello, a la luz de esta investigación podría en ciertos casos afectar garantías constitucionales del procesado. En este sentido, la presente investigación se enmarca en una temática de actualidad referente a las audiencias por vía telemáticas, lo cual podría llegar a trasgredir principalmente el derecho a la defensa del procesado a estar físicamente presente en la audiencia de juicio (lo cual como se explicara en este artículo es un derecho derivado de la lectura armónica e integral de la constitución, tratados internaciones de derechos humanos y el COIP), de igual manera el principio de igualdad de armas y sobretodo la inmediación de los jueces con la presentación de las pruebas en la audiencia de juicio.

This study takes phenomenological formulations of schizophrenia as disturbance of common-sense organisation (Stanghellini, 2004; Thoma & Fuchs, 2018b) to pursue an ethnomethodological reading of schizophrenic language-in-interaction. It integrates phenomenological readings of schizophrenia as self disturbance with interactional analyses of intersubjectivity to suggest that schizophrenic heterogeneity might receive account in terms of a loss of integration between five global domains of meaning: the phenomenological-experiential, the domain of interactional haecceity, the distal-discursive domain, the determinate order and a fifth, which lies beyond these other four. It performs exploratory analysis on seven interviews with schizophrenia diagnosees. This focal project is motivated within a wider frame that conceptualizes schizophrenia as phenomena of disrupted meaning, leading to a critical examination of the schizophrenia construct through a lens of language-in-interaction, where schizophrenic dysfunction is used to reverse engineer understandings of normative language function. The direction of enquiry is from those breaches of meaning coordination that occur in schizophrenia towards an understanding of the processes of everyday achievement, coordination, and maintenance of a meaningful world-in-common within the natural attitude. The approach taken foregrounds phenomena of intersubjectivity and social organisation of common sense. Integration of Husserlian phenomenology and ethnomethodological enquiry is attempted via Schutz’s recommendation of complementary method. Transcripts of semi structured interviews with schizophrenia diagnosees are analysed in ways that frame schizophrenic concretism in terms of dynamic equilibration between linguistically-mediated abstract world formations and coordinated immediacies of the interactional situation. Schizophrenic autism is considered as disturbed equilibration between an ‘encysted’ subjectivity and dynamics of intersubjec

This study examined the within-dyad association of immediacy (i.e., a skill that therapists use to work with the therapeutic relationship in the here-and-now) with the strength and congruence of the working alliance across 1352 sessions of 58 adult community clients seeing 11 doctoral student therapists in individual psychodynamic-interpersonal psychotherapy. As a preliminary step, the factor structure and validity were tested for the Metacommunication in Session Questionnaire–Client Form (MSQ-C), a client-rated measure of immediacy adapted from the supervisory MSQ (Calvert, Deane, & Grenyer, 2020). After every session, clients and therapists completed the Working Alliance Inventory–Short Revised (WAI-SR; Hatcher & Gillaspy, 2006) and clients completed the MSQ-C. Factor analysis supported a two-factor structure for MSQ-C (Open Communication and Managing Disagreement/Discomfort factors). Validity of the MSQ-C was supported by predicted correlations with measures of helping skills, sessions quality, alliance, and therapist reported immediacy use, although some associations varied depending on the client or therapist rater perspective. Results of multilevel, latent variable models found that when clients reported more immediacy in a session compared to their average session, they tended to report a stronger alliance; and this effect was strongest in earlier sessions, weaker in magnitude in middle sessions, and non-significant in later sessions. Results of multilevel truth-and-bias models showed that therapist alliance ratings were temporally congruent with client alliance ratings, but client-perceived immediacy did not predict alliance congruence. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

The objective of this paper is to theoretically substantiate which are the reporting principles of the execution of custodial sentences within the framework of the current world legal scenario. For its structure, basic methods of legal research were employed, especially the legal-doctrinal method and the method of legal content itself. As main results, it is possible to expose basic and updated doctrinal questions about the execution, as a crucial phase in the criminal process based on the situation of vulnerability that characterizes the prisoners in close correlation with the improvement of due process and with the protection of human rights in the judicial and penitentiary fields, plus a broad theoretical foundation of its informing axioms in the contemporary legal environment, with emphasis on the principles of executive legality, resocialization, jurisdictionality (judicial control of execution) and immediacy, around which the conclusions reached are also articulated, El objetivo del presente artículo es fundamentar teóricamente cuáles son los postulados informadores de la ejecución de las penas privativas de libertad en el marco del escenario jurídico mundial actual. Para su conformación se utilizaron métodos básicos de las investigaciones jurídicas, especialmente el método jurídico-doctrinal y el método de contenido propiamente jurídico. Como principales resultados se alcanzan a exponer cuestiones doctrinales básicas y actualizadas sobre la ejecución, como fase crucial dentro del proceso penal, partiendo de la situación de vulnerabilidad que caracteriza a los internos, en estrecha correlación con el perfeccionamiento del debido proceso y con la protección de los derechos humanos en el ámbito judicial y penitenciario, más una amplia fundamentación teórica de sus axiomas informadores en el entorno jurídico contemporáneo, con realce para los principios de legalidad ejecutiva, resocialización, jurisdiccionalidad (control judicial de la ejecución) e inmediación, en torno a los cuales versan también las conclusiones a las que se arriba.

The criminal proceedings which take place in La Plata, Buenos Aires province, are carried out -with exceptions- without holding the hearings that the law mandates in order to provide opportunities for prosecutors and judges to meet face to face with the people that they will charge/judge later in court. Hence, since the beginnings of the investigations until the moment of the trial (oral or written one -‘shorten’-), judicial authorities make important decisions such as allowing an accused person to remain free until trial or, on the contrary, imposing pre-trial detention, without even a minimum of immediacy with those who will bear their serious decisions. Nevertheless, that despersonalizating inertia is exceptionally interrupted, as it happened in Cristian’s case, when a young man provisionally detained from La Plata’s city, managed to meet face to face with the judges and prosecutors of his case, and thanks to that,he regained his freedom. This paper narrates Cristian’s case, and it aims to be a reflection on the influence that, in criminal proceedings, has o can have the direct contact between prosecutors/judges and the people that are being acussed or judged., Los procesos penales ordinarios transcurren en La Plata, Prov. de Buenos Aires, sin que se lleven adelante -salvo excepciones-las instancias orales procesalmente previstas para que los/as magistrados/as (fiscales y jueces/zas) conozcan cara a cara a las personas que luego acusarán/juzgarán en el juicio. Así, desde el comienzo de las investigaciones hasta el momento del inicio del debate (oral o escrito -abreviado-), las autoridades judiciales adoptan resoluciones tan trascendentales como, por ejemplo, definir si una persona acusada permanecerá en libertad durante el proceso o si, por el contrario, será encarcelada preventivamente hasta el momento del juicio, sin siquiera haber tenido un mínimo de inmediación con quienes soportarán el grave tenor de sus resoluciones. Sin embargo, excepcionalmente esa inercia despersonalizante es conmovida, tal y como sucedió en el caso de Cristian, un joven platense quien, encarcelado cautelarmente, logró luego tomar contacto cara a cara con los/as magistrados/as de su expediente, recobrando gracias a ello su libertad. Este trabajo es el relato de dicho caso, engarzado éste en una reflexión sobre la capacidad de incidencia que, en los procesos penales, tiene o puede tener el contacto directo entre juzgadores/as y juzgados/as.

The criminal proceedings which take place in La Plata, Buenos Aires province, are carried out -with exceptions- without holding the hearings that the law mandates in order to provide opportunities for prosecutors and judges to meet face to face with the people that they will charge/judge later in court. Hence, since the beginnings of the investigations until the moment of the trial (oral or written one -‘shorten’-), judicial authorities make important decisions such as allowing an accused person to remain free until trial or, on the contrary, imposing pre-trial detention, without even a minimum of immediacy with those who will bear their serious decisions. Nevertheless, that despersonalizating inertia is exceptionally interrupted, as it happened in Cristian’s case, when a young man provisionally detained from La Plata’s city, managed to meet face to face with the judges and prosecutors of his case, and thanks to that,he regained his freedom. This paper narrates Cristian’s case, and it aims to be a reflection on the influence that, in criminal proceedings, has o can have the direct contact between prosecutors/judges and the people that are being acussed or judged., Los procesos penales ordinarios transcurren en La Plata, Prov. de Buenos Aires, sin que se lleven adelante -salvo excepciones-las instancias orales procesalmente previstas para que los/as magistrados/as (fiscales y jueces/zas) conozcan cara a cara a las personas que luego acusarán/juzgarán en el juicio. Así, desde el comienzo de las investigaciones hasta el momento del inicio del debate (oral o escrito -abreviado-), las autoridades judiciales adoptan resoluciones tan trascendentales como, por ejemplo, definir si una persona acusada permanecerá en libertad durante el proceso o si, por el contrario, será encarcelada preventivamente hasta el momento del juicio, sin siquiera haber tenido un mínimo de inmediación con quienes soportarán el grave tenor de sus resoluciones. Sin embargo, excepcionalmente esa inercia despersonalizante es conmovida, tal y como sucedió en el caso de Cristian, un joven platense quien, encarcelado cautelarmente, logró luego tomar contacto cara a cara con los/as magistrados/as de su expediente, recobrando gracias a ello su libertad. Este trabajo es el relato de dicho caso, engarzado éste en una reflexión sobre la capacidad de incidencia que, en los procesos penales, tiene o puede tener el contacto directo entre juzgadores/as y juzgados/as.

Most articles and theories about borderline personality disorder (BPD), either in the psychoanalytical field or the cognitivist one, explicitly or implicitly inscribe themselves in a topographical framework that either carry a fundamental representational a priori or give prominence to causal explanations. Less is written about the phenomenological everyday life-world of borderline people. This article aims to contribute to the description of such a world. Drawing upon clinical sequences that give prominence to the first-person perspective, we will analyse the experience of some typical "symptoms"of BPD in a phenomenological and topological way. We will be led to conclude that the borderline stimmung seems to display the following characteristics: a pervading immediacy of lived experience, a territorialization that tends towards ubiquity, a certain difficulty to deal with the unity and difference poles, a quite horizontal concern with ecstasy and elation, and a waning of reflexivity in the lived space., SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

We know that science is a precious ally for the judge in the search for truth. But we also know that every coin has its flipside. Science can in fact constitute a false ally for the judge, dangerously channeling the process towards judicial error. The matter is well known. Criminal justice now draws heavily on the results of science, but has to deal with its overt fallibility. Often the process becomes the place where experts and consultants reveal the gaps in those same disciplines that should instead correctly orientate the decisions of criminal judges. Therefore, the Criminal trial always needs witnesses. Especially witnesses against the accused, of course. However testimonial evidence as a fundamental judicial decision making tool is in crisis today. A crisis that has come about as a result of the downsizing of the right of the accused to effectively cross-examine the witnesses testifying against him (or her), thereby reducing the chances for the judge to perceive the witness's story in the best possible way. Hence the risk of significantly lowering the quality standard of criminal sentences. The crisis of testimony in the criminal trial can be attributed to two factors. The first reason. The multiplication of protected witnesses on the trial scene. Figures who, as a sort of counterpart for their contribution to the assessment, require high, constant and diversified levels of protection: "fragile" and vulnerable people, minors, the mentally ill, witnesses of justice, or "anonymous" witnesses" (undercover agents). As we can see, as a rule, we are dealing with persons who usually testify against the accused. At the level of European and Italian law and jurisprudence the trend is clear. The needs of protection for these categories of witnesses result in a reduction in the number of hearings, and therefore the opportunities for dialectical confrontation between the accused and the witness. The may also result in the push to "personalization" of the methods used for, Sabemos que a ciência é uma preciosa aliada do juiz na busca pela verdade. Mas também sabemos que toda moeda tem a sua outra cara. A ciência pode, de fato, ser uma falsa aliada do juiz, potencializando perigosamente o erro judicial no processo. O assunto é bem conhecido. A justiça criminal agora se fundamenta fortemente nos resultados da ciência, mas tem que lidar com sua sabida falibilidade. Muitas vezes, o processo torna-se o lugar onde peritos e pareceristas revelam as lacunas nessas mesmas disciplinas que deveriam orientar corretamente as decisões dos juízes criminais. Portanto, o juízo criminal sempre precisa de testemunhas. Especialmente testemunhas contra o acusado, é claro. No entanto, atualmente a prova testemunhal como instrumento essencial de tomada de decisão judicial está em crise. Uma crise que surgiu como resultado da redução do direito do acusado de efetivamente questionar as testemunhas que depõem contra ele (ou ela), restringindo as chances de o juiz perceber a versão da testemunha da melhor maneira possível. Esse é o risco de baixar significativamente o standard de qualidade das sentenças criminais. A crise da prova testemunhal no processo penal pode ser atribuída a dois fatores. A primeira razão. A multiplicação de testemunhas protegidas no processo. Figuras que, como uma espécie de contrapartida à sua contribuição para o julgamento, requerem níveis de proteção elevados, constantes e diversificados: pessoas "frágeis" e vulneráveis, menores, pessoas com transtornos mentais, delatores ou testemunhas "anônimas". Como podemos ver, em regra, trata-se de pessoas que costumam testemunhar contra os arguidos. Em relação ao direito e à jurisprudência europeia e italiana a tendência é clara. As necessidades de proteção dessas categorias de testemunhas resultam em redução do número de audiências e, portanto, das oportunidades de confronto dialético entre acusado e testemunha. Isso pode resultar também no impulso para a "personalização" dos métodos utilizados

This essay concentrates on philosophizing that happens outside and in addition to planned philosophical discussions, philosophizing that comes alive in practice, that is intensified in childrens encounters with the world, with others, with language, in play. It contemplates how adults, educators and parents encounter children and are affected by childrens philosophical explorations. What is the role of the adult in childrens philosophical questioning? How can we respond to childrens philosophizing? What does it mean to do so? The essay explores philosophical exercises for early childhood educators in a range of examples from literature - memoirs, autobiographies, fiction and works that play in between those. By thinking through these literary examples, it investigates how educators can prepare for philosophical encounters with children through exercises of reading and thinking. In doing so the essay experiments with a form of writing that itself becomes a philosophical exercise. Through the examples and exercises the essay suggests how early childhood educators can train for a pedagogical immediacy that involves listening to the philosophical and existential questioning in childrens play, tantrums, and silences. The investigations and readings of the examples are not meant to lead to conclusions that can be directly applied in pedagogical practices; neither do they work as arguments for listening or listening in a particular way to children. What we get, and what I am looking for, is rather the experience of working and thinking through these examples.

This essay concentrates on philosophizing that happens outside and in addition to planned philosophical discussions, philosophizing that comes alive in practice, that is intensified in childrens encounters with the world, with others, with language, in play. It contemplates how adults, educators and parents encounter children and are affected by childrens philosophical explorations. What is the role of the adult in childrens philosophical questioning? How can we respond to childrens philosophizing? What does it mean to do so? The essay explores philosophical exercises for early childhood educators in a range of examples from literature - memoirs, autobiographies, fiction and works that play in between those. By thinking through these literary examples, it investigates how educators can prepare for philosophical encounters with children through exercises of reading and thinking. In doing so the essay experiments with a form of writing that itself becomes a philosophical exercise. Through the examples and exercises the essay suggests how early childhood educators can train for a pedagogical immediacy that involves listening to the philosophical and existential questioning in childrens play, tantrums, and silences. The investigations and readings of the examples are not meant to lead to conclusions that can be directly applied in pedagogical practices; neither do they work as arguments for listening or listening in a particular way to children. What we get, and what I am looking for, is rather the experience of working and thinking through these examples.

En la actualidad el mundo se enfrenta ante el auge de las noticias falsas, generalmente conocidas como las fake news, las cuales ha cobrado gran popularidad, especialmente debido a intereses en diversos contextos y grupos sociales. Muchos periodistas, medios de comunicación, instituciones y la sociedad en general, asimilan la situación con mucha preocupación, puesto que últimamente la información alterada se extiende con rapidez. Debido a ello han resurgido organizaciones de fact-checking para frenar la inmediatez de la desinformación, siendo el portal web Ecuador Verifica uno de ellos. El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación se enmarca en analizar los procesos de publicación, contrastación y periodicidad del sitio de chequeo durante tres meses del 2021. La metodología empleada tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, siendo la etnografía, el instrumento utilizado para la obtención de datos. Los resultados reflejan que durante aquel periodo hubo un enfoque por noticias con categoría de política, y que por lo general recurren a fuentes originales para la respectiva verificación, dando a notar su contribución a la calidad del periodismo, sin embargo, la cantidad de noticias chequeadas no soslayan la avalancha de desinformación, sino que el portal funciona como un aliciente social momentáneo., Currently the world is facing the rise of fake news, generally known as fake news, which has become very popular, especially due to interests in various contexts and social groups. Many journalists, media, institutions and society in general, assimilate the situation with great concern since lately the altered information spreads rapidly. Due to this fact-checking organizations have re-emerged to curb the immediacy of misinformation, the web portal Ecuador Verifica being one of them. The objective of this research work is framed in analyzing the processes of publication, contrast and periodicity of the check site during three months of 2021. The methodology used had a qualitative approach, with ethnography being the instrument used to obtain data. The results reflect that during that period there was a focus on news with a political category, and that they generally resort to original sources for the respective verification, noting their contribution to the quality of journalism, however, the amount of news checked they do not ignore the avalanche of misinformation, but rather the portal works as a momentary social incentive., Atualmente o mundo enfrenta o surgimento das fake news, geralmente conhecidas como fake news, que se tornaram muito populares, principalmente devido aos interesses em diversos contextos e grupos sociais. Muitos jornalistas, meios de comunicação, instituições e sociedade em geral, assimilam a situação com grande preocupação, já que ultimamente as informações alteradas se espalham rapidamente. Devido a isso, organizações de verificação de fatos ressurgiram para conter o imediatismo da desinformação, sendo o portal da web Ecuador Verifica uma delas. O objetivo deste trabalho de investigação enquadra-se na análise dos processos de publicação, contraste e periodicidade do site de verificação durante três meses de 2021. A metodologia utilizada teve uma abordagem qualitativa, sendo a etnografia o instrumento utilizado para obter os dados. Os resultados refletem que nesse período houve um enfoque nas notícias com categoria política, e que geralmente recorrem a fontes originais para a respetiva verificação, constatando o seu contributo para a qualidade do jornalismo, no entanto, a quantidade de notícias verificadas não ignore a avalanche de desinformação, mas sim o portal funciona como um incentivo social momentâneo.

This quantitative research study focuses on the relationship between college teachers’ nonverbal communication behaviors and the influence that those behaviors have on college students’ perception of immediacy. Understanding the factors of immediacy, or trust and rapport with another, is imperative for educators as the current literature suggests that how students feel toward their instructors plays a role in the retention or attrition of students. Although nonverbal communication is only one part of a complex set of variables that go into the equation of student retention, it is an important aspect of the equation to study because nonverbal communication is constantly happening in every lecture and every student-instructor interaction. By gathering Likert scale data from over 1,800 college students across the nation, this study found that the most highly correlated nonverbal categories (haptics and proxemics) were the two that required individualized interactions with students. The findings from this study suggest a correlation between student-instructor immediacy and educators who go out of their way to connect with students on an individual and personal basis. This study has theoretical implications within the nonverbal immediacy field and practical implications for educators and higher education. Keywords: immediacy, nonverbal communication, college student, relationships

This essay concentrates on philosophizing that happens outside and in addition to planned philosophical discussions, philosophizing that comes alive in practice, that is intensified in childrens encounters with the world, with others, with language, in play. It contemplates how adults, educators and parents encounter children and are affected by childrens philosophical explorations. What is the role of the adult in childrens philosophical questioning? How can we respond to childrens philosophizing? What does it mean to do so? The essay explores philosophical exercises for early childhood educators in a range of examples from literature - memoirs, autobiographies, fiction and works that play in between those. By thinking through these literary examples, it investigates how educators can prepare for philosophical encounters with children through exercises of reading and thinking. In doing so the essay experiments with a form of writing that itself becomes a philosophical exercise. Through the examples and exercises the essay suggests how early childhood educators can train for a pedagogical immediacy that involves listening to the philosophical and existential questioning in childrens play, tantrums, and silences. The investigations and readings of the examples are not meant to lead to conclusions that can be directly applied in pedagogical practices; neither do they work as arguments for listening or listening in a particular way to children. What we get, and what I am looking for, is rather the experience of working and thinking through these examples.

This chapter explores how recent virtual reality experiences (from 2010 onward) have remediated musical “protocols” of older audiovisual media such as film, video games, and music videos while creating a number of new affordances that draw attention to the newness of VR. Soundtrack and music video protocols in 360° videos such as Lost and Gorillaz’s “Saturnz Barz” emphasize the affordance of looking for a sound source, while the addition of an ambient musical soundtrack to the VR remediation of Google Earth emphasizes the user’s bodily presence in the virtual environment. Critiquing and expanding the notion of VR as a form of what Bolter and Grusin would call “transparent immediacy,” the chapter suggests that the music in these VR applications also facilitates experiences of hypermediacy, foregrounding the apparatus and idiosyncrasies of a new medium.

The present paper explores the rhetorical concept of «kairós» as a decisive factor of the argumentative success of scientific communications to highlight the linguistic shape it takes in science blogs. Science blogs are a discourse genre increasingly used by scientists and international research groups to engage publics of experts and non-experts in the modern scientific enterprise. The approach is both rhetorical and linguistic. It draws from studies of popular science genres by Carolyn Miller and fellow rhetoricians and bases its linguistic analysis on frequency observations in a corpus of blogs maintained by scientists in different areas.

Many elements of our political systems have a theoretical foundation, a profound study of the theoretical and practical principles that explain their adoption. On the contrary, the vice presidency has received very little attention, even in countries where this institution has been gaining remarkable political weight. The combination of this weight with the aforementioned lack of theoretical support produces notable deviations in the analyses of the institution and its performance — they try to study the fruit without knowing the roots. The aim of this article is to carry out a first theoretical reflection in this field, analysing the vice presidency in presidential systems in light of two theoretical principles — immediacy and availability of power., Numerosos elementos de nuestros sistemas políticos cuentan con un fundamento teórico, con un estudio profundo de los principios teóricos y prácticos que explican su adopción. Por el contrario, la vicepresidencia ha recibido muy escasa atención, aún en países donde esa institución ha ido incrementando su peso político. La combinación de ese gran peso con la mencionada falta de sustento teórico produce notables desviaciones en los análisis de la institución y su desempeño: procuran estudiar el fruto sin conocer las raíces. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un primer esfuerzo de reflexión teórica en este ámbito, analizando la vicepresidencia en sistemas presidencialistas a la luz de dos principios teóricos: el de inmediatez y el de disponibilidad del poder.

Immediacy in times of crisis involves sharing research findings expeditiously, the socialization of results must be intertwined with ethics and scientific responsibility. The purpose of the article is to examine the immediacy in the response of high impact information science journals to the Covid-19 pandemic. An empirical-inductive approach was assumed, 88 high-impact information science journals were evaluated classified in the 2 main Scopus quartiles (Q1: 43 and Q2: 45), their web pages were revised, establishing as criteria: evidence of information on covid-19 published at the date in open access. 17 journals referring to the pandemic were finally identified, some extending the deadlines, others calling numbers and others granting remote access to their institutional subscribers. However, in terms of immediacy, only two of them have immediately published the documents received and present content related to Covid-19 in open access. It is concluded that it is necessary to improve the response of magazines in other areas, since it is just in the first scenario, it remains to wait for the new normal., La inmediatez en tiempos de crisis implica compartir los hallazgos de investigación de manera expedita, la socialización de los resultados debe estar imbricado con la ética y la responsabilidad científica. El artículo tiene como propósito examinar la inmediatez en la respuesta de las revistas de alto impacto de ciencias de la información en casos como la pandemia del Covid-19. Se asumió un enfoque empírico-inductivo se evaluaron 88 revistas de ciencias de la información clasificadas en los 2 principales cuartiles de Scopus (Q1: 43 y Q2: 45), se revisaron sus páginas web, estableciendo como criterios: Evidencia de información sobre Covid-19 publicada a la fecha en acceso abierto. Se identificaron finalmente 17 revistas que hacen referencia a la pandemia, algunas que amplían los plazos de recepción, otras que convocan números y otras que otorgan acceso remoto a sus suscriptores institucionales. Sin embargo, en cuanto a inmediatez, solo 2 de ellas han publicado inmediatamente los documentos recibidos y presentan el contenido relacionado al Covid-19 en acceso abierto. Se concluye, que es necesario mejorar la respuesta de revistas en otras áreas, puesto que apenas se está en el primer escenario, queda esperar la nueva normalidad.

This practice-led research project comprises artworks produced for the Grant Street Theatre Exhibition titled Indeterminate Self, and the written dissertation. The research asks two key questions: ‘can an experimental approach to the video medium challenge a conventional way of seeing and knowing when what is seen and known cannot be determined?’ and, ‘can a video art practice provide a model for a way of living when the indeterminate way of seeing and knowing challenges and renews a sense of Self?’ The artistic practice responds to these research questions by grounding the exploration of the elusive onto-epistemological relation between indeterminacy and the Self in three series of video experiments: Time Experiments, Super(im)position and Hypnagogia, focusing on three primary aspects: time, space and light and how they provide the shifting perceptual condition to evoke the indeterminacy’s nature of in-process and coexisting through the viewing experience. The written dissertation provides a detailed investigation of the experimental outcomes and philosophical discoveries. This project identifies a predicament in the experimental video self-portrait: the equivocal relation between subjectivity and immediacy in the artist’s act of projecting and receiving perspectives of disruptive self-imagery through the video medium. It reveals an indeterminacy between to see what happens and seeing what is happening; between seeing with and without a Self, explored through artistic video experiments, using devices such as flickering light and rapid intercutting video editing method, this can induce the condition for the ‘Indeterminate Self.’ This research uses a metaphorical approach to theoretical language and definition to freely traverse between various fields of study without being determined and restricted by specific meaning attached to a particular context. These different fields of study include visual perception, theory of quantum physics, film and digital medium studie

Numerosos elementos de nuestros sistemas políticos cuentan con un fundamento teórico, con un estudio profundo de los principios teóricos y prácticos que explican su adopción. Por el contrario, la vicepresidencia ha recibido muy escasa atención, aún en países donde esa institución ha ido incrementando su peso político. La combinación de ese gran peso con la mencionada falta de sustento teórico produce notables desviaciones en los análisis de la institución y su desempeño: procuran estudiar el fruto sin conocer las raíces. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un primer esfuerzo de reflexión teórica en este ámbito, analizando la vicepresidencia en sistemas presidencialistas a la luz de dos principios teóricos: el de inmediatez y el de disponibilidad del poder., Many elements of our political systems have a theoretical foundation, a profound study of the theoretical and practical principles that explain their adoption. On the contrary, the vice presidency has received very little attention, even in countries where this institution has been gaining remarkable political weight. The combination of this weight with the aforementioned lack of theoretical support produces notable deviations in the analyses of the institution and its performance — they try to study the fruit without knowing the roots. The aim of this article is to carry out a first theoretical reflection in this field, analysing the vice presidency in presidential systems in light of two theoretical principles — immediacy and availability of power.

The present paper explores the rhetorical concept of «kairós» as a decisive factor of the argumentative success of scientific communications to highlight the linguistic shape it takes in science blogs. Science blogs are a discourse genre increasingly used by scientists and international research groups to engage publics of experts and non-experts in the modern scientific enterprise. The approach is both rhetorical and linguistic. It draws from studies of popular science genres by Carolyn Miller and fellow rhetoricians and bases its linguistic analysis on frequency observations in a corpus of blogs maintained by scientists in different areas.

During the confinement due to the Covid-19 pandemic, Amazon faced crushing demands. The firm chose to extend delivery times for non-essential in-stock goods and to hire more workers. These strategies contrast with Amazon’s usual core of business: making delivery always faster and replace as soon as possible most workers by robots. By describing this transient episode of voluntarily extended delivery times by Amazon and by inscribing it in the history of immediacy as a paradoxical horizon of mediations, as discussed in the field of media theory, the article shows that Amazon’s strategies of adaptation during the Covid-19 pandemic reveal once again what media studies had already emphasized: that many technological, logistic and human mediations are required to fulfill an online order as soon as possible, tangentially immediately. The article finally highlights an understated aspect of mediations: the importance ofeconomic factors in shaping our societies, where shrinking spatial distances by getting separate things closer ever faster is economically profitable in spite of hidden and disastrous consequences on work conditions, on the global organization of the retailing and circulation of goods, and on the environment.

Immediacy in times of crisis involves sharing research findings expeditiously, the socialization of results must be intertwined with ethics and scientific responsibility. The purpose of the article is to examine the immediacy in the response of high impact information science journals to the Covid-19 pandemic. An empirical-inductive approach was assumed, 88 high-impact information science journals were evaluated classified in the 2 main Scopus quartiles (Q1: 43 and Q2: 45), their web pages were revised, establishing as criteria: evidence of information on covid-19 published at the date in open access. 17 journals referring to the pandemic were finally identified, some extending the deadlines, others calling numbers and others granting remote access to their institutional subscribers. However, in terms of immediacy, only two of them have immediately published the documents received and present content related to Covid-19 in open access. It is concluded that it is necessary to improve the response of magazines in other areas, since it is just in the first scenario, it remains to wait for the new normal., La inmediatez en tiempos de crisis implica compartir los hallazgos de investigación de manera expedita, la socialización de los resultados debe estar imbricado con la ética y la responsabilidad científica. El artículo tiene como propósito examinar la inmediatez en la respuesta de las revistas de alto impacto de ciencias de la información en casos como la pandemia del Covid-19. Se asumió un enfoque empírico-inductivo se evaluaron 88 revistas de ciencias de la información clasificadas en los 2 principales cuartiles de Scopus (Q1: 43 y Q2: 45), se revisaron sus páginas web, estableciendo como criterios: Evidencia de información sobre Covid-19 publicada a la fecha en acceso abierto. Se identificaron finalmente 17 revistas que hacen referencia a la pandemia, algunas que amplían los plazos de recepción, otras que convocan números y otras que otorgan acceso remoto a sus suscriptores institucionales. Sin embargo, en cuanto a inmediatez, solo 2 de ellas han publicado inmediatamente los documentos recibidos y presentan el contenido relacionado al Covid-19 en acceso abierto. Se concluye, que es necesario mejorar la respuesta de revistas en otras áreas, puesto que apenas se está en el primer escenario, queda esperar la nueva normalidad.

Philosophy finds in Borges’ literature a unique place to reflect on its own problems. In this essay, I shall examine the tensions and contradictions that arise from a metaphysical paradigm of immediacy and intuition. Reading the story «Funes, el memorioso», I will show that a system of signs and a perceptive faculty that ignores the necessary difference between the real and the representation is impossible for men. Human life is unhuman if it is affirmed in its ideal of an absolute knowledge, of an uninterrupted vision. Man live in between mediations and interruptions; human beings remember because they forget, awakens because they sleep, know because they ignore, look because their eyes have also eyelashes., La filosofía ha encontrado en la literatura de Jorge Luis Borges un ámbito único para reflexionar en torno de sus propios problemas. En este ensayo examinaré las tensiones y contradicciones que afloran dentro del paradigma metafísico de la inmediación y de la intuición. El cuento de «Funes, el memorioso» ofrece la ocasión para pensar en la imposibilidad del hombre de afirmar un sistema de signos o una facultad perceptiva que ignore el inexorable resto que guarde la diferencia entre lo real y lo representado. Una vida humana que se afirme en el ideal de un saber absoluto, de una visión ininterrumpida, es finalmente funesta. El hombre vive de las mediaciones y de las interrupciones, recuerda porque olvida, despierta porque sueña, conoce porque ignora: mira porque tiene párpados.

This essay investigates live-streamed guided tours made by Moderna Museet, so called sofa tours, streamed between February 2020­ and April 2021. The aim is to observe, describe and analyze the [Moderna Museet’s] sofa tours using a modality approach as well as relating the sofa tours to physical museum visits, using the concepts of media, mediation, remediation, immediacy and hypermediacy. The research questions concern ways of looking at art when participating in sofa tours and the differences compared to physically viewing art at the museum. In conclusion, the sofa tours made by Moderna Museet offers several alternatives to physical museum visits, not necessarily better or worse. Participants can actually modify their experience of participating in sofa tours and looking at art, for example by choosing to participate live or afterwards, with or without access to other participants comments, questions and reactions as well as choosing between using Facebook, Instagram, YouTube or the museum webpage to access the sofa tours. Comparing sofa tours to physical museum visits showed that both their principal function is to provide opportunities for people to view art together with other people, with or without the aid of a guide. However, most of the mediated space in the physical museum is unavailable to sofa tour participants. On the other hand, the sofa tour creates another set of unique mediations which do not exist in the physical museum space.

This essay investigates live-streamed guided tours made by Moderna Museet, so called sofa tours, streamed between February 2020­ and April 2021. The aim is to observe, describe and analyze the [Moderna Museet’s] sofa tours using a modality approach as well as relating the sofa tours to physical museum visits, using the concepts of media, mediation, remediation, immediacy and hypermediacy. The research questions concern ways of looking at art when participating in sofa tours and the differences compared to physically viewing art at the museum. In conclusion, the sofa tours made by Moderna Museet offers several alternatives to physical museum visits, not necessarily better or worse. Participants can actually modify their experience of participating in sofa tours and looking at art, for example by choosing to participate live or afterwards, with or without access to other participants comments, questions and reactions as well as choosing between using Facebook, Instagram, YouTube or the museum webpage to access the sofa tours. Comparing sofa tours to physical museum visits showed that both their principal function is to provide opportunities for people to view art together with other people, with or without the aid of a guide. However, most of the mediated space in the physical museum is unavailable to sofa tour participants. On the other hand, the sofa tour creates another set of unique mediations which do not exist in the physical museum space.

Numerosos elementos de nuestros sistemas políticos cuentan con un fundamento teórico, con un estudio profundo de los principios teóricos y prácticos que explican su adopción. Por el contrario, la vicepresidencia ha recibido muy escasa atención, aún en países donde esa institución ha ido incrementando su peso político. La combinación de ese gran peso con la mencionada falta de sustento teórico produce notables desviaciones en los análisis de la institución y su desempeño: procuran estudiar el fruto sin conocer las raíces. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un primer esfuerzo de reflexión teórica en este ámbito, analizando la vicepresidencia en sistemas presidencialistas a la luz de dos principios teóricos: el de inmediatez y el de disponibilidad del poder., Many elements of our political systems have a theoretical foundation, a profound study of the theoretical and practical principles that explain their adoption. On the contrary, the vice presidency has received very little attention, even in countries where this institution has been gaining remarkable political weight. The combination of this weight with the aforementioned lack of theoretical support produces notable deviations in the analyses of the institution and its performance — they try to study the fruit without knowing the roots. The aim of this article is to carry out a first theoretical reflection in this field, analysing the vice presidency in presidential systems in light of two theoretical principles — immediacy and availability of power.

Numerosos elementos de nuestros sistemas políticos cuentan con un fundamento teórico, con un estudio profundo de los principios teóricos y prácticos que explican su adopción. Por el contrario, la vicepresidencia ha recibido muy escasa atención, aún en países donde esa institución ha ido incrementando su peso político. La combinación de ese gran peso con la mencionada falta de sustento teórico produce notables desviaciones en los análisis de la institución y su desempeño: procuran estudiar el fruto sin conocer las raíces. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un primer esfuerzo de reflexión teórica en este ámbito, analizando la vicepresidencia en sistemas presidencialistas a la luz de dos principios teóricos: el de inmediatez y el de disponibilidad del poder., Many elements of our political systems have a theoretical foundation, a profound study of the theoretical and practical principles that explain their adoption. On the contrary, the vice presidency has received very little attention, even in countries where this institution has been gaining remarkable political weight. The combination of this weight with the aforementioned lack of theoretical support produces notable deviations in the analyses of the institution and its performance — they try to study the fruit without knowing the roots. The aim of this article is to carry out a first theoretical reflection in this field, analysing the vice presidency in presidential systems in light of two theoretical principles — immediacy and availability of power.

Philosophy finds in Borges’ literature a unique place to reflect on its own problems. In this essay, I shall examine the tensions and contradictions that arise from a metaphysical paradigm of immediacy and intuition. Reading the story «Funes, el memorioso», I will show that a system of signs and a perceptive faculty that ignores the necessary difference between the real and the representation is impossible for men. Human life is unhuman if it is affirmed in its ideal of an absolute knowledge, of an uninterrupted vision. Man live in between mediations and interruptions; human beings remember because they forget, awakens because they sleep, know because they ignore, look because their eyes have also eyelashes., La filosofía ha encontrado en la literatura de Jorge Luis Borges un ámbito único para reflexionar en torno de sus propios problemas. En este ensayo examinaré las tensiones y contradicciones que afloran dentro del paradigma metafísico de la inmediación y de la intuición. El cuento de «Funes, el memorioso» ofrece la ocasión para pensar en la imposibilidad del hombre de afirmar un sistema de signos o una facultad perceptiva que ignore el inexorable resto que guarde la diferencia entre lo real y lo representado. Una vida humana que se afirme en el ideal de un saber absoluto, de una visión ininterrumpida, es finalmente funesta. El hombre vive de las mediaciones y de las interrupciones, recuerda porque olvida, despierta porque sueña, conoce porque ignora: mira porque tiene párpados.

Numerosos elementos de nuestros sistemas políticos cuentan con un fundamento teórico, con un estudio profundo de los principios teóricos y prácticos que explican su adopción. Por el contrario, la vicepresidencia ha recibido muy escasa atención, aún en países donde esa institución ha ido incrementando su peso político. La combinación de ese gran peso con la mencionada falta de sustento teórico produce notables desviaciones en los análisis de la institución y su desempeño: procuran estudiar el fruto sin conocer las raíces. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un primer esfuerzo de reflexión teórica en este ámbito, analizando la vicepresidencia en sistemas presidencialistas a la luz de dos principios teóricos: el de inmediatez y el de disponibilidad del poder., Many elements of our political systems have a theoretical foundation, a profound study of the theoretical and practical principles that explain their adoption. On the contrary, the vice presidency has received very little attention, even in countries where this institution has been gaining remarkable political weight. The combination of this weight with the aforementioned lack of theoretical support produces notable deviations in the analyses of the institution and its performance — they try to study the fruit without knowing the roots. The aim of this article is to carry out a first theoretical reflection in this field, analysing the vice presidency in presidential systems in light of two theoretical principles — immediacy and availability of power.

Numerosos elementos de nuestros sistemas políticos cuentan con un fundamento teórico, con un estudio profundo de los principios teóricos y prácticos que explican su adopción. Por el contrario, la vicepresidencia ha recibido muy escasa atención, aún en países donde esa institución ha ido incrementando su peso político. La combinación de ese gran peso con la mencionada falta de sustento teórico produce notables desviaciones en los análisis de la institución y su desempeño: procuran estudiar el fruto sin conocer las raíces. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un primer esfuerzo de reflexión teórica en este ámbito, analizando la vicepresidencia en sistemas presidencialistas a la luz de dos principios teóricos: el de inmediatez y el de disponibilidad del poder., Many elements of our political systems have a theoretical foundation, a profound study of the theoretical and practical principles that explain their adoption. On the contrary, the vice presidency has received very little attention, even in countries where this institution has been gaining remarkable political weight. The combination of this weight with the aforementioned lack of theoretical support produces notable deviations in the analyses of the institution and its performance — they try to study the fruit without knowing the roots. The aim of this article is to carry out a first theoretical reflection in this field, analysing the vice presidency in presidential systems in light of two theoretical principles — immediacy and availability of power.

Immediacy in times of crisis involves sharing research findings expeditiously, the socialization of results must be intertwined with ethics and scientific responsibility. The purpose of the article is to examine the immediacy in the response of high impact information science journals to the Covid-19 pandemic. An empirical-inductive approach was assumed, 88 high-impact information science journals were evaluated classified in the 2 main Scopus quartiles (Q1: 43 and Q2: 45), their web pages were revised, establishing as criteria: evidence of information on covid-19 published at the date in open access. 17 journals referring to the pandemic were finally identified, some extending the deadlines, others calling numbers and others granting remote access to their institutional subscribers. However, in terms of immediacy, only two of them have immediately published the documents received and present content related to Covid-19 in open access. It is concluded that it is necessary to improve the response of magazines in other areas, since it is just in the first scenario, it remains to wait for the new normal., La inmediatez en tiempos de crisis implica compartir los hallazgos de investigación de manera expedita, la socialización de los resultados debe estar imbricado con la ética y la responsabilidad científica. El artículo tiene como propósito examinar la inmediatez en la respuesta de las revistas de alto impacto de ciencias de la información en casos como la pandemia del Covid-19. Se asumió un enfoque empírico-inductivo se evaluaron 88 revistas de ciencias de la información clasificadas en los 2 principales cuartiles de Scopus (Q1: 43 y Q2: 45), se revisaron sus páginas web, estableciendo como criterios: Evidencia de información sobre Covid-19 publicada a la fecha en acceso abierto. Se identificaron finalmente 17 revistas que hacen referencia a la pandemia, algunas que amplían los plazos de recepción, otras que convocan números y otras que otorgan acceso remoto a sus suscriptores institucionales. Sin embargo, en cuanto a inmediatez, solo 2 de ellas han publicado inmediatamente los documentos recibidos y presentan el contenido relacionado al Covid-19 en acceso abierto. Se concluye, que es necesario mejorar la respuesta de revistas en otras áreas, puesto que apenas se está en el primer escenario, queda esperar la nueva normalidad.

The essay traces some stages in the evolution of the principle of immediacy in the Italian criminal procedure, within the time span between the end of the eighteenth century and Finocchiaro-Aprile’s code (1913). After a brief review of the different definitions of the term and a mention of the distinction between immediacy and orality, the research begins with ideas offered by ‘pioneers’ such as Francesco Mario Pagano and Niccola Nicolini; than it examines the European (French and, especially, German) Literature which had the greatest influence on the Italian one; finally, it studies the Italian post-unitarian criminal science. The latter had to do with a still inquisitional code (1865). For their part, the scholars were by no means compact: the first commentaries and, even more, Carrara’s school considered immediacy a non-negotiable principle of the liberal justice; the positivist school feared that the rule could favour popular and emotional interferences in the trial. The long elaboration of Finocchiaro-Aprile’s code stimulated a heated debate and inserted the criminal procedure studies into the «orality movement» led by Giuseppe Chiovenda., Il saggio ripercorre alcune tappe dell’evoluzione del principio di immediatezza nella procedura penale italiana, entro l’arco cronologico compreso tra la fine del secolo XVIII e il codice Finocchiaro-Aprile del 1913. Dopo una breve rassegna delle diverse definizioni del lemma e un cenno diacronico alla demarcazione dal concetto di oralità, la ricerca muove dagli spunti offerti da ‘pionieri’ quali Francesco Mario Pagano e Niccola Nicolini; esamina la letteratura europea (francese e, soprattutto, tedesca) che permeò la riflessione dei giuristi italiani; quindi si addentra nella stagione post-unitaria. Quest’ultima fu contrassegnata dal divario tra un codice di rito (1865) ancora prettamente inquisitorio e le istanze d’una dottrina tutt’altro che compatta: se i primi commentari e, con maggiore intransigenza, la scuola carrariana classificavano l’immediatezza tra i canoni inderogabili della giustizia liberale, la scuola positiva vi scorgeva un indebito cedimento alle interferenze popolari ed emotive nel dibattimento. La lunga elaborazione del codice Finocchiaro-Aprile non solo stimolò un serrato confronto dottrinale ma risentí di quel movimento per l’oralità che, secondo Chiovenda, avrebbe modernizzato il rito civile e penale.

Many elements of our political systems have a theoretical foundation, a profound study of the theoretical and practical principles that explain their adoption. On the contrary, the vice presidency has received very little attention, even in countries where this institution has been gaining remarkable political weight. The combination of this weight with the aforementioned lack of theoretical support produces notable deviations in the analyses of the institution and its performance — they try to study the fruit without knowing the roots. The aim of this article is to carry out a first theoretical reflection in this field, analysing the vice presidency in presidential systems in light of two theoretical principles — immediacy and availability of power., Numerosos elementos de nuestros sistemas políticos cuentan con un fundamento teórico, con un estudio profundo de los principios teóricos y prácticos que explican su adopción. Por el contrario, la vicepresidencia ha recibido muy escasa atención, aún en países donde esa institución ha ido incrementando su peso político. La combinación de ese gran peso con la mencionada falta de sustento teórico produce notables desviaciones en los análisis de la institución y su desempeño: procuran estudiar el fruto sin conocer las raíces. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un primer esfuerzo de reflexión teórica en este ámbito, analizando la vicepresidencia en sistemas presidencialistas a la luz de dos principios teóricos: el de inmediatez y el de disponibilidad del poder.

Simultaneous chronicles, also known as live blogs, consist on written journalistic texts that are produced at the same time as the event they talk about takes place. The use of Twitter as a reporting tool from the news scene, allows them to create an enunciative scenography that has no parallel in traditional or retrospective news. Rather than to anything seen in previous products of written journalism, the result resembles the live “first hand” reports that have always been the hallmark of broadcasting mass media such as radio and television. Based on a semiotic approach, this paper analyses The Guardian’s coverage of Vladimir Putin’s speech following the Crimea referendum in 2014, and examines both the enunciative dimension and the sequential organization of the chronicles’ posts that result of an unexpected fact reported originally through Twitter., Las crónicas simultáneas, también conocidas como live blogs, son textos informativos escritos de manera concomitante al suceso del que tratan. El empleo de Twitter como herramienta para reportar desde el lugar de los hechos, permite a estos textos configurar una escenografía enunciativa que no tiene paralelo en las noticias tradicionales o retrospectivas. Más que remitir a otras manifestaciones de la prensa gráfica, el efecto de sentido generado presenta similitudes con el móvil en vivo de los medios de broadcasting, como la radio y la televisión. Desde un enfoque semiótico, y a partir de la cobertura que el periódico inglés The Guardian le dedicó al discurso de Vladimir Putin luego del referéndum de Crimea en 2014, se examina tanto la dimensión enunciativa como los modos de organización secuencial de las publicaciones de la crónica, en particular luego de la irrupción de un hecho imprevisto reportado originalmente a través de Twitter.

A partire dalla possibilità di sottoporre a bilanciamento, nel processo penale, il principio di immediatezza, si analizza criticamente la soluzione adottata dal Codice di procedura penale per i casi di mutamento della persona fisica del giudice del dibattimento (art. 525). In particolare, si evidenziano gli incerti fondamenti costituzionali e sovranazionali del principio; le sue contraddittorie relazioni con alcuni istituti codicistici (mezzi di impugnazione; incidente probatorio “speciale”); le sue controproducenti ricadute pratiche. Sulla scorta di un obiter dictum della Corte costituzionale, de lege ferenda se ne propone una relativizzazione, introducendo la videoregistrazione delle prove dichiarative come strumento fruibile dal nuovo organo giudicante. Si accenna infine a due recenti pronunce, della Corte di giustizia dell’Unione europea e delle Sezioni unite della Corte di cassazione, che hanno interessato il tema., Starting from the possibility to balance, in criminal proceedings, the principle of immediacy, the aim of this article is to critically analize the rule provided by the Italian Criminal Procedure Code for the cases in which the composition of the court does not remain the same in all the court hearings (art. 525). To do this, the article will focus on the uncertain constitutional and supranational justifications of the principle under study; on its contradictory relation with the appellate remedies and the special evidentiary hearing; on its counterproductive practical consequences. Basing upon an obiter dictum of the Italian Constitutional Court, the article will advance, with a de lege ferenda perspective, a reshape of the principle, by introducing the videorecording of the testimony, at the disposal of the new judge. Finally, two judgements will be analized: one delivered by the Court of Justice of the European Union and one by the United Chambers of the Italian Supreme Court.

Design activity, especially in architectural praxis, takes place in spatialand temporal remoteness from the use of its outputs. Thisremoteness impedes the ability to respond to actual needs that arise in situations of use. Ultimately itmakes design dependent on hypothesis.Aim of this essayis to introduce the notion of Immediate Systemswhichembed design and implementation in situations of use and thus overcome the limitations of remoteness. Immediate Systems,as defined by author, are cyber-physical systemscomprised of interacting digital, analogue, physical, and human components. As meta-systems they include people and environments in a tight loop between human intention and immediate adaptation. Immediacyin this contextindicates a state of continuously available adaptability at the speed of human intention. Such meta design systems take design methodology to an extreme whichparadoxically resembles the situation before design emerged as separate praxis. The essaycontains three theoretical contributions. The first one proposes and frames the very notion of Immediate Systems. The second one, presents and discusses a series of examples of such systems. The third contribution, identifies conditions forand characteristics ofImmediate Systems derived from the first two contributions., Architectural Engineering

Immediate Systems are defined as systems that overcome the limitations of remote design by embedding design and implementation in situations of use. This paper extends the theoretical framing of IS and traces three approaches towards IS in architecture: as adhocist mode of action, as acceleration of design transfer and as human-architecture symbiosis. These three approaches consider the same phenomenon from different perspectives respectively, that of the lived experience of the user-designer, that of the designer’s methodology and technology, and that of ecology., Architectural Engineering

Background: This study aims to examine the effects of voice enthusiasm (enthusiastic voice vs calm voice) on social ratings of the speaker, cognitive load and transfer performance in multimedia learning. Design/methodology/approach: Two laboratory experiments were conducted in which learners learned from a multimedia presentation about computer algorithm that was narrated by either an enthusiastic human voice or a calm human voice. Findings: Results from Experiment 1 revealed that the enthusiastic voice narration led to higher social ratings of the speaker and transfer performance when compared to the calm voice narration. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the enthusiastic voice led to higher affective social ratings (human-like and engaging) and transfer performance as compared to the calm voice. Moreover, it was shown that a calm voice prompted a higher germane load than an enthusiastic voice, which conforms to the argument that prosodic cues in voice can influence processing in multimedia learning among non-native speakers. Originality/value: This study extends from prior studies that examined voice effects related to mechanization, accent, dialect, and slang in multimedia learning to examining the effects of voice enthusiasm in multimedia learning.

The objective of the research was to study the immediacy in the dissemination of news in digital media and its verification process. The text presents a theoretical framework on journalism, how its insertion in the digital age is handled, and how information verifications are carried out. In addition, the article presents an analysis to last year’s fake news about the construction of a pediatric hospital by soccer player Cristiano Ronaldo in Chile. This analysis showed that none of the selected notes contained more than one source, and none of the sites made editions to change the errors., A pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a imediatez na divulgação de notícias nos meios digitais e seu processo de verificação. O texto apresenta um marco teórico sobre o jornalismo, como se maneja sua inserção na era digital e como se realizam as verificações de informação. Para além disso, se realizou uma análise a uma notícia falsa do ano passado: que o jogador de futebol Cristiano Ronaldo ia construir um hospital pediátrico no Chile. Dita análise concluiu que nenhuma das notas escolhida continha mais de uma fonte e que nenhum dos dites realizou edições para mudar os erros., La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo estudiar la inmediatez en la divulgación de noticias en los medios digitales y su proceso de verificación. El texto presenta un marco teórico sobre el periodismo, cómo se dio su inserción en la era digital y cómo se realizan las verificaciones de información en la actualidad. Además, se realizó un análisis a una noticia falsa del año pasado: que el jugador de fútbol Cristiano Ronaldo, supuestamente, construiría un hospital pediátrico en Chile. Dicho análisis arrojó que ninguna de las notas escogidas contenía más de una fuente y que ninguno de los sitios realizó ediciones para cambiar los errores.

Simultaneous chronicles, also known as live blogs, consist on written journalistic texts that are produced at the same time as the event they talk about takes place. The use of Twitter as a reporting tool from the news scene, allows them to create an enunciative scenography that has no parallel in traditional or retrospective news. Rather than to anything seen in previous products of written journalism, the result resembles the live “first hand” reports that have always been the hallmark of broadcasting mass media such as radio and television. Based on a semiotic approach, this paper analyses The Guardian’s coverage of Vladimir Putin’s speech following the Crimea referendum in 2014, and examines both the enunciative dimension and the sequential organization of the chronicles’ posts that result of an unexpected fact reported originally through Twitter., Las crónicas simultáneas, también conocidas como live blogs, son textos informativos escritos de manera concomitante al suceso del que tratan. El empleo de Twitter como herramienta para reportar desde el lugar de los hechos, permite a estos textos configurar una escenografía enunciativa que no tiene paralelo en las noticias tradicionales o retrospectivas. Más que remitir a otras manifestaciones de la prensa gráfica, el efecto de sentido generado presenta similitudes con el móvil en vivo de los medios de broadcasting, como la radio y la televisión. Desde un enfoque semiótico, y a partir de la cobertura que el periódico inglés The Guardian le dedicó al discurso de Vladimir Putin luego del referéndum de Crimea en 2014, se examina tanto la dimensión enunciativa como los modos de organización secuencial de las publicaciones de la crónica, en particular luego de la irrupción de un hecho imprevisto reportado originalmente a través de Twitter.

Design activity, especially in architectural praxis, takes place in spatialand temporal remoteness from the use of its outputs. Thisremoteness impedes the ability to respond to actual needs that arise in situations of use. Ultimately itmakes design dependent on hypothesis.Aim of this essayis to introduce the notion of Immediate Systemswhichembed design and implementation in situations of use and thus overcome the limitations of remoteness. Immediate Systems,as defined by author, are cyber-physical systemscomprised of interacting digital, analogue, physical, and human components. As meta-systems they include people and environments in a tight loop between human intention and immediate adaptation. Immediacyin this contextindicates a state of continuously available adaptability at the speed of human intention. Such meta design systems take design methodology to an extreme whichparadoxically resembles the situation before design emerged as separate praxis. The essaycontains three theoretical contributions. The first one proposes and frames the very notion of Immediate Systems. The second one, presents and discusses a series of examples of such systems. The third contribution, identifies conditions forand characteristics ofImmediate Systems derived from the first two contributions., Architectural Engineering