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Prevention of complications of ulcers on the feet of DM patients is by proper foot care. Foot care education is needed to increase DM patient knowledge about foot care to reduce the risk of complications of foot ulcers. A descriptive study that uses an assessment of a Mobile app’s usability was used to collect data. This research is a systematic review of the approach PRISM, an overview systematic using PICO. The Search database is Science Direct, Pubmed, Ebsco, and Google Scholar, with keywords “mobile application” AND “knowledge” AND “foot care” AND” diabetes mellitus”. Therefore, the authors are interested in discussing more deeply and evaluating further the usability of a mobile application in increasing knowledge of diabetes mellitus foot Care. From the article, the search found 1,674 articles and only 8 articles were analyzed from 2012-2022; it was found that the Mobile application proved effective in increasing knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus Foot Care. Interventions are provided using mobile applications in various forms of smartphone applications, WhatsApp, and short messages. These interventions can increase knowledge about diabetes mellitus foot care. The use of mobile applications is very useful and very helpful in increasing the knowledge of foot care in patients with diabetes mellitus.

[Abstract] Objectives: To assess quality of life or factors related to the foot and general health and to determine the impact taking into account foot health status in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: 50 subjects with MS and 50 healthy subjects were studied using the Foot Health Status Questionnaire, that is a validated and is reliable tool was used to assess foot health and quality of life. This instrument comprise four domains for evaluate the foot health (foot function, foot pain, footwear and general foot health) in the first section and for measure the general health comprise four domains (general health, physical activity, social capacity and vigor) for second section and was use for all participants. Results: In both groups of the sample, 50% (n = 15) were men and 50% (n = 35) women, and the mean age in the case group was 48.04 ± 10.49 and the control group was 48.04 ± 10.45 were recruited. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was shown for foot function, general foot health, general health, physical activity and vigor domains, stating that people with MS have a lower related to foot health (lower FHSQ scores) compared to healthy subjects who have higher FHSQ scores. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) for the scores of the other domains of the FHSQ (foot pain, footwear and social capacity). Conclusion: Patients with MS suffer a negative impact on the quality of life related to foot health, which appears to be associated with the chronic disease.

Objectives Regular foot screening by a knowledgeable health provider is the cornerstone of ulcer and amputation prevention in people with diabetes. However, information on foot screening practices among Canadians with diabetes remains sparse. Therefore, we sought to synthesize available data on the frequency and approach to diabetic foot screening across Canada. Methods We conducted a scoping review by searching MEDLINE and Embase databases, alongside a grey literature search, for both English- and French-language reports. Data on patients’ demographics, setting as well as the frequency and approach to foot screening were abstracted. Title and abstract screening, full-text review and data abstraction were conducted in duplicate, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Results The search yielded 21 reports including information on diabetic foot screening practices in Canada. In a consolidated study sample of 13,388 Canadians with diabetes, 7,277 (53%) reported receiving a foot examination by a health-care provider at least once in the past year. The majority of reports did not provide information on the demographics of patients being screened or details on the approach to foot screening. No report mentioned the use of a triage algorithm applied to the results of foot screening. Conclusions In this work, we identified the limited frequency and uncertain quality of diabetic foot screening across Canada. Further research should focus on better understanding disparities and barriers to regular diabetic foot screening. Résumé Objectifs Le dépistage systématique du pied par un professionnel de la santé compétent est le pilier de la prévention de l’ulcère et de l’amputation chez les personnes diabétiques. Toutefois, l’information sur les pratiques de dépistage du pied chez les Canadiens diabétiques demeure fragmentaire. Par conséquent, nous avons cherché à faire la synthèse des données disponibles sur la fréquence et l’approche en matière de dépistage du pied diabé

Objectives Regular foot screening by a knowledgeable health provider is the cornerstone of ulcer and amputation prevention in people with diabetes. However, information on foot screening practices among Canadians with diabetes remains sparse. Therefore, we sought to synthesize available data on the frequency and approach to diabetic foot screening across Canada. Methods We conducted a scoping review by searching MEDLINE and Embase databases, alongside a grey literature search, for both English- and French-language reports. Data on patients’ demographics, setting as well as the frequency and approach to foot screening were abstracted. Title and abstract screening, full-text review and data abstraction were conducted in duplicate, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Results The search yielded 21 reports including information on diabetic foot screening practices in Canada. In a consolidated study sample of 13,388 Canadians with diabetes, 7,277 (53%) reported receiving a foot examination by a health-care provider at least once in the past year. The majority of reports did not provide information on the demographics of patients being screened or details on the approach to foot screening. No report mentioned the use of a triage algorithm applied to the results of foot screening. Conclusions In this work, we identified the limited frequency and uncertain quality of diabetic foot screening across Canada. Further research should focus on better understanding disparities and barriers to regular diabetic foot screening. Résumé Objectifs Le dépistage systématique du pied par un professionnel de la santé compétent est le pilier de la prévention de l’ulcère et de l’amputation chez les personnes diabétiques. Toutefois, l’information sur les pratiques de dépistage du pied chez les Canadiens diabétiques demeure fragmentaire. Par conséquent, nous avons cherché à faire la synthèse des données disponibles sur la fréquence et l’approche en matière de dépistage du pied diabé

Epidemiological data suggest that approximately 30% to 40% of adults with type 2 diabetes have distal peripheral neuropathy (DPN), at risk for foot ulcers (diabetic ulcers). That is the importance of applying science in performing foot care. The results of the implementation of community service that have been carried out show an increase in the knowledge of participants (elderly families) after health education about foot care in the elderly with DM and awareness of the elderly in independence in carrying out daily activities will improve the quality of life and health of the elderly. The conclusion from the implementation of community service participants in community service can understand and understand the role of the family about the importance of foot care. There are two evaluations carried out in this community service, namely: Pre-test and post-test evaluations, namely in the pretest activities, the results of the 25 participants were 40% good and 60% bad after the post-test activity was carried out, the score was 80% good and 20% bad.

Epidemiological data suggest that approximately 30% to 40% of adults with type 2 diabetes have distal peripheral neuropathy (DPN), at risk for foot ulcers (diabetic ulcers). That is the importance of applying science in performing foot care. The results of the implementation of community service that have been carried out show an increase in the knowledge of participants (elderly families) after health education about foot care in the elderly with DM and awareness of the elderly in independence in carrying out daily activities will improve the quality of life and health of the elderly. The conclusion from the implementation of community service participants in community service can understand and understand the role of the family about the importance of foot care. There are two evaluations carried out in this community service, namely: Pre-test and post-test evaluations, namely in the pretest activities, the results of the 25 participants were 40% good and 60% bad after the post-test activity was carried out, the score was 80% good and 20% bad.

Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou péče o nohy u seniorů. Teoretická část se člení do několika kapitol. Úvodní část je věnována stáří, demografickým údajům a péči o seniory. Dále popisuji některá onemocnění, patologické nálezy a potíže vyskytující se na nohách seniorů včetně diagnostiky. Jádro práce je zaměřené na péči o nohy a možnosti prevence. Výzkumná část prezentuje data, který byla získána fyzikálním vyšetřením a rozhovory s respondenty. Výstupem této diplomové práce je edukační materiál určený seniorům a pečujícím o ně., The thesis deals with issues of foot care for seniors. The theoretical part has been divided into several chapters where the introductory part is devoted to old age, demographic data, and care for seniors. Furthermore, some diseases are described, pathological findings, as well as some ailments related to feet of seniors, including diagnostics. The core of the thesis is focused on foot care and prevention options. The research part presents data which was obtained by physical examination and interviews with respondents. The output of the thesis is an educational material intended for seniors and carers., Fakulta zdravotnických studií, Doplňující otázky pro obhajobu závěrečné práce: Byla třeba v rámci předvýzkumu provést nějaké úpravy ve znění položek dotazníku? Obhajoba diplomové práce s prezentací výborná., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Purpose: Diabetes education for those patients at risk of diabetes complications remains a mainstay of diabetes treatment. This study aimed primarily to determine the retention of foot health information 6 months post delivery of education. The secondary aim was to determine the type and delivery method of diabetes-specific foot health information during a podiatry consultation. Method(s): This study was a prospective cohort study with two groups: patients with diabetes and their treating podiatrist. Baseline data collection included educational topics and delivery methods discussed during the consultation. The Problem Areas in Diabetes Questionnaire (PAID) and perceived key educational message were collected from each group's perspective at baseline and 6 months afterwards. Result(s): Three podiatrists and 24 participants with diabetes provided information at the two time points. At baseline, the key messages of 14 (58%) patient participant responses differed from their podiatrists and 15 (63%) differed 6 months later. Education covered up to seven separate topics, including neurological impact of diabetes, vascular supply and general foot care. The majority of consultations (n = 23, 96%) covered three or more topics. Conclusion(s): Education is vital to effective treatment of people with diabetes. Current common approaches used in individual consultations such as verbal explanations appear ineffective in aiding the learning and retention of podiatry-specific diabetes education. This study highlights the need for research investigating more effective methods to deliver key education to this population to aid retention and therefore assist behaviour change.Copyright © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Purpose: Diabetes education for those patients at risk of diabetes complications remains a mainstay of diabetes treatment. This study aimed primarily to determine the retention of foot health information 6 months post delivery of education. The secondary aim was to determine the type and delivery method of diabetes-specific foot health information during a podiatry consultation. Method(s): This study was a prospective cohort study with two groups: patients with diabetes and their treating podiatrist. Baseline data collection included educational topics and delivery methods discussed during the consultation. The Problem Areas in Diabetes Questionnaire (PAID) and perceived key educational message were collected from each group's perspective at baseline and 6 months afterwards. Result(s): Three podiatrists and 24 participants with diabetes provided information at the two time points. At baseline, the key messages of 14 (58%) patient participant responses differed from their podiatrists and 15 (63%) differed 6 months later. Education covered up to seven separate topics, including neurological impact of diabetes, vascular supply and general foot care. The majority of consultations (n = 23, 96%) covered three or more topics. Conclusion(s): Education is vital to effective treatment of people with diabetes. Current common approaches used in individual consultations such as verbal explanations appear ineffective in aiding the learning and retention of podiatry-specific diabetes education. This study highlights the need for research investigating more effective methods to deliver key education to this population to aid retention and therefore assist behaviour change.Copyright © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Introduction: Diabetic foot is a group of syndromes in which neuropathy, ischemia and infection lead to the destruction of tissue, resulting in morbidity and sometimes amputation. The purpose of this paper was to establish and investigate the frequency of diabetic foot in patients with diabetes. Methods: Mixed methods research was used in the study. The data collection technique was a questionnaire distributed to 60 patients with diabetes and a partially structured interview with two nurses working in a diabetes clinic. Quantitative data were analysed with descriptive and bivariate statistics. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis.Results: We have found that leg amputation is not a common complication of a diabetic foot (U = 4.4, p = 0.217), and that it cannot be claimed that the incidence of a diabetic foot is more common in men than in women (U = 0.6, p = 0.417), and that the patients are well educated about diabetic foot care and proper footwear.Discussion and conclusion: What matters most in diabetic foot health education for patients, is that the patients are educated about diabetic foot verbally and in writing. Most often diabetic foot affects the patient’s quality of life. This research could be followed by using a higher number of patients.&nbsp, Uvod: Diabetično stopalo je skupina sindromov, pri katerih nevropatija, ishemija in infekcija pripeljejo do destrukcije tkiva, končna posledica je zbolevnost, lahko pa tudi amputacija. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti pogostost pojava diabetičnega stopala pri pacientih s sladkorno boleznijo.Metode: V raziskavi je bila uporabljena raziskava mešanih metod. Tehnika zbiranja podatkov je bilo anketiranje 60 pacientov s sladkorno boleznijo in delno strukturiran intervju z dvema medicinskima sestrama, ki delata v diabetološki ambulanti. Kvantitativni podatki so bili analizirani z opisno in bivariatno statistiko. Kvalitativni podatki so bili analizirani s pomočjo metode analize vsebine.Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da amputacija noge ni pogost zaplet diabetičnega stopala (U = 4,4, p = 0,217) in da ne moremo trditi, da je diabetično stopalo pogostejše pri moških kot pri ženskah (U = 0,6, p = 0,417), ter da so pacienti zelo dobro poučeni glede nege stopal in pravilne obutve.Diskusija in zaključek: Najpomembnejša informacija o zdravstveni vzgoji pri diabetičnem stopalu za paciente je, da so o tem zapletu ozaveščeni pisno in ustno. Diabetično stopalo za paciente najpogosteje prinese spremembo v kakovosti življenja. Možnost za nadaljevanje raziskave bi bila izvedba enake raziskave na večjem številu pacientov.

Introduction: Diabetic foot is a group of syndromes in which neuropathy, ischemia and infection lead to the destruction of tissue, resulting in morbidity and sometimes amputation. The purpose of this paper was to establish and investigate the frequency of diabetic foot in patients with diabetes. Methods: Mixed methods research was used in the study. The data collection technique was a questionnaire distributed to 60 patients with diabetes and a partially structured interview with two nurses working in a diabetes clinic. Quantitative data were analysed with descriptive and bivariate statistics. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis.Results: We have found that leg amputation is not a common complication of a diabetic foot (U = 4.4, p = 0.217), and that it cannot be claimed that the incidence of a diabetic foot is more common in men than in women (U = 0.6, p = 0.417), and that the patients are well educated about diabetic foot care and proper footwear.Discussion and conclusion: What matters most in diabetic foot health education for patients, is that the patients are educated about diabetic foot verbally and in writing. Most often diabetic foot affects the patient’s quality of life. This research could be followed by using a higher number of patients.&nbsp, Uvod: Diabetično stopalo je skupina sindromov, pri katerih nevropatija, ishemija in infekcija pripeljejo do destrukcije tkiva, končna posledica je zbolevnost, lahko pa tudi amputacija. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti pogostost pojava diabetičnega stopala pri pacientih s sladkorno boleznijo.Metode: V raziskavi je bila uporabljena raziskava mešanih metod. Tehnika zbiranja podatkov je bilo anketiranje 60 pacientov s sladkorno boleznijo in delno strukturiran intervju z dvema medicinskima sestrama, ki delata v diabetološki ambulanti. Kvantitativni podatki so bili analizirani z opisno in bivariatno statistiko. Kvalitativni podatki so bili analizirani s pomočjo metode analize vsebine.Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da amputacija noge ni pogost zaplet diabetičnega stopala (U = 4,4, p = 0,217) in da ne moremo trditi, da je diabetično stopalo pogostejše pri moških kot pri ženskah (U = 0,6, p = 0,417), ter da so pacienti zelo dobro poučeni glede nege stopal in pravilne obutve.Diskusija in zaključek: Najpomembnejša informacija o zdravstveni vzgoji pri diabetičnem stopalu za paciente je, da so o tem zapletu ozaveščeni pisno in ustno. Diabetično stopalo za paciente najpogosteje prinese spremembo v kakovosti življenja. Možnost za nadaljevanje raziskave bi bila izvedba enake raziskave na večjem številu pacientov.

Introduction: Previous research shows that knowledge and practice was low in type 2 diabetes patients and that women had better practice/self-care than men. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practices regarding foot-care among patients with type 2 diabetes in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and also investigate if there was any difference between genders in knowledge and practicing of foot care. Method: This study was a descriptive and cross-sectional design with quantitative method. The data was collected at the out-patient clinic of the University Medical Center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and 100 patients participated voluntarily to answer questionnaire. Orem’s self-care theory was used as theoretical framework. Data were analysed by using statistics. Result: The result shows that more than 70% of the patients had good knowledge of foot care and no significant differences between the genders in the knowledge. Their foot care practices were various. There was significant difference between men and women about using a hot water bottle or heating pad on the feet, and more women than men did. For type of shoes, there were differences between genders in wearing broad, round toes and shoes made of leather or canvas, and more men than women did. Conclusion: The knowledge of foot care was good, but the practice of foot care was low. There was not found any significant difference between the genders in knowledge, but some differences in the foot care practices. More information about foot care is needed to prevent complications with type 2 diabetes., Introduktion: Tidigare forsknings resultat visar att kunskapen om egenvård och utförande av fotvård hos patienter med diabetes typ 2 var låg. Kvinnorna var dock bättre på att utföra egenvården än männen. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka kunskapen och utförandet av egenvård hos patienter med diabetes typ 2 i Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, samt att undersöka om det fanns några skillnader mellan män och kvinnor i kunskapen om egenvård inom fotvård samt dess utförande. Metod: För att undersöka detta gjordes en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med hjälp av enkäter. Det var 100 patienter på en mottagning vid University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, som deltog frivilligt. Orems egenvård teori användes som teoretiskt ramverk i detta arbete. Data analyserades av statistik. Resultat: Resultatet i denna studie påvisar att mer än 70 % av patienternas visade god kunskap och inga signifikanta skillnader fanns mellan kvinnor och män gällande kunskapsnivån. Utförandes av fotvården visade sig dock vara varierande och det fanns signifikanta skillnader mellan kvinnor och män gällande fotvården. Kvinnor använde sig oftare av varma pads och flaskor på deras fötter än vad männen gjorde. Kvinnor och män använde också olika typer av skor. Männen använde oftare breda skor med rundad tå, skor av läder eller canvas skor än vad kvinnorna gjorde. Slutsats: Kunskapen om fotvård hos diabetes patienter i Ho Chi Minh City var god, dock var utförandet av fotvården varierande i denna studie. Det visades ingen signifikant skillnad mellan kvinnor och män angående kunskapsnivån, dock fanns det skillnader angående utförandet av fotvården. Det behövs fortsatt information om fotvård för att patienter med typ 2 diabetes ska förhindra komplikationer

Introduction: Previous research shows that knowledge and practice was low in type 2 diabetes patients and that women had better practice/self-care than men. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practices regarding foot-care among patients with type 2 diabetes in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and also investigate if there was any difference between genders in knowledge and practicing of foot care. Method: This study was a descriptive and cross-sectional design with quantitative method. The data was collected at the out-patient clinic of the University Medical Center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and 100 patients participated voluntarily to answer questionnaire. Orem’s self-care theory was used as theoretical framework. Data were analysed by using statistics. Result: The result shows that more than 70% of the patients had good knowledge of foot care and no significant differences between the genders in the knowledge. Their foot care practices were various. There was significant difference between men and women about using a hot water bottle or heating pad on the feet, and more women than men did. For type of shoes, there were differences between genders in wearing broad, round toes and shoes made of leather or canvas, and more men than women did. Conclusion: The knowledge of foot care was good, but the practice of foot care was low. There was not found any significant difference between the genders in knowledge, but some differences in the foot care practices. More information about foot care is needed to prevent complications with type 2 diabetes., Introduktion: Tidigare forsknings resultat visar att kunskapen om egenvård och utförande av fotvård hos patienter med diabetes typ 2 var låg. Kvinnorna var dock bättre på att utföra egenvården än männen. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka kunskapen och utförandet av egenvård hos patienter med diabetes typ 2 i Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, samt att undersöka om det fanns några skillnader mellan män och kvinnor i kunskapen om egenvård inom fotvård samt dess utförande. Metod: För att undersöka detta gjordes en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med hjälp av enkäter. Det var 100 patienter på en mottagning vid University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, som deltog frivilligt. Orems egenvård teori användes som teoretiskt ramverk i detta arbete. Data analyserades av statistik. Resultat: Resultatet i denna studie påvisar att mer än 70 % av patienternas visade god kunskap och inga signifikanta skillnader fanns mellan kvinnor och män gällande kunskapsnivån. Utförandes av fotvården visade sig dock vara varierande och det fanns signifikanta skillnader mellan kvinnor och män gällande fotvården. Kvinnor använde sig oftare av varma pads och flaskor på deras fötter än vad männen gjorde. Kvinnor och män använde också olika typer av skor. Männen använde oftare breda skor med rundad tå, skor av läder eller canvas skor än vad kvinnorna gjorde. Slutsats: Kunskapen om fotvård hos diabetes patienter i Ho Chi Minh City var god, dock var utförandet av fotvården varierande i denna studie. Det visades ingen signifikant skillnad mellan kvinnor och män angående kunskapsnivån, dock fanns det skillnader angående utförandet av fotvården. Det behövs fortsatt information om fotvård för att patienter med typ 2 diabetes ska förhindra komplikationer

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, 11(2), p.76; 2012

[Resumen] La existencia en la sociedad actual de un gran número de enfermedades, inicialmente no relacionadas con patologías en los pies (por ej. diabetes, obesidad, trastornos cardiovasculares, estrés..), con potencial para mermar la calidad de vida del paciente, ha favorecido la aparición de conductas eventualmente generadoras de riesgo de enfermedad en los pies.En la medida en que tales enfermedades suponen transformaciones importantes en la morfología estructural del cuerpo en general, y del pie en particular, plantean demandas que, a su vez, requieren la adopción de medidas concretas de intervención podológica.En este artículo se describen los resultados de un estudio cuantitativo llevado a cabo a través de internet por medio de una aplicación telemática que evalúa conductas generadoras de riesgo de la salud del pie.Los resultados hacen hincapié en la importancia de los estudios relacionados con la percepción social del podólogo y de las patologías de los pies, así como en la necesidad de incorporar información subjetiva al análisis de la problemática del pie y de aquellos comportamientos que implican riesgos para la salud podal del ser humano. Esta perspectiva contribuye a la realización de análisis en profundidad del significado social de la podología, y el modo mejor de afrontar el cada vez mayor número de enfermedades que pueden mermar la calidad de vida, debido a la persistencia de determinadas conductas, potencialmente generadoras de riesgo de enfermedades en los pies., [Abstract] he existence in today’s society a large number of diseases, initially unrelated to foot pathology (eg. Diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, stress...), with the potential to diminish the quality of life for patients, has resulted the emergence of behavior eventually generating disease risk in the feet. To the extent that these diseases represent major changes in the structural morphology of the body in general and in particular standing pose demands, in turn, require the adoption of concrete measures podiatric intervention.In this article, results of a quantitative study carried out with 200 patients of both genders, without restrictions of age who attend a podiatry clinic, are described.For collecting data, a questionnaire ad hoc was designed. It allowed to obtain accurate information about the profile of the patient, in general, and of the specific characteristics of that profile: socio-demographical, behavior linked to lifestyles, everyday habits, subjective relevance, preventing behaviours, as well as perception and motivation.Results focus in the relevance of social perception studies of podologist and foot diseases, as well as in the need of incorporating subjective information in the analysis of the foot problems, and those behaviours involving risks for foot health of the human beings. This perspective contribute to the deeper analysis of the social meaning of podology, and the best way to deal with the increasing number of diseases that can reduce the quality of life, due the persistence of some behaviours, potentially generating risk of foot diseases.

Evidence shows that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have the highest national percentage of morbidity in relation to diabetes. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people also suffer the greatest risk of amputation as a complication of diabetes. This participatory action research project sought to discover the opinions of a range of people, including registered nurses, general practitioners, Aboriginal health workers, cross-cultural liaison officers and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with diabetes. Focus groups provided valuable information regarding relevant issues of foot care education in the Northern Territory. The emergent themes included communication issues, educational resources, changing behaviour and other practical resources required for health education. The themes provided evidence of the inherent issues of foot care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and guidance for the development of a visual educational tool. The results have lead to the development of a foot care educational tool that will be used by health-care professionals and clients in urban, community, rural and remote areas. The use of a participant action research process will ensure that the educational tool will be owned by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People and health-care professionals.

Evidence shows that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have the highest national percentage of morbidity in relation to diabetes. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people also suffer the greatest risk of amputation as a complication of diabetes. This participatory action research project sought to discover the opinions of a range of people, including registered nurses, general practitioners, Aboriginal health workers, cross-cultural liaison officers and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with diabetes. Focus groups provided valuable information regarding relevant issues of foot care education in the Northern Territory. The emergent themes included communication issues, educational resources, changing behaviour and other practical resources required for health education. The themes provided evidence of the inherent issues of foot care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and guidance for the development of a visual educational tool. The results have lead to the development of a foot care educational tool that will be used by health-care professionals and clients in urban, community, rural and remote areas. The use of a participant action research process will ensure that the educational tool will be owned by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People and health-care professionals.

Trade card advertising Allen's Foot-Ease, a product prepared by Allen S. Olmsted, LeRoy, N.Y. The figure's four moveable feet are a wheel attached to the bottom of the card.