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To ensure the economic and environmental sustainability of the fisheries and aquaculture industries, it is necessary to address issues related to fuel consumption, environmental degradation, and fish welfare. Hence, we need a thorough understanding of the filtration efficiency and the hydrodynamic forces acting on towed fishing gears and netting structures. Here we apply a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) CFD method to model the flow through netting panels, where we vary the operational and design parameters of flow speed, netting solidity, twine diameter, mesh opening angle and the incidence angle of the flow to the panel. Thus, we create a simulated data set which we analyze to provide a fundamental understanding of the functional relationships for the pressure drop and tangential drag coefficients, and the flow deflection in terms of these parameters. We pay particular attention to the effect of mesh opening angle, a parameter that has not received much attention in the literature. We demonstrate that it has a large influence on the drag and lift coefficients and consequently on the hydrodynamic efficiency of netting panels. These results will be particularly useful for reducing the hydrodynamic forces on netting structures and improving the fuel efficiency of towed fishing gear operations.

The length-weight relationship is usable for estimating biomass of organisms, determining the “wellbeing” of the individual and as input data in stock assessment models. The objective of this work was to establish the length-weight relationship of 26 species of fish present in artisanal fishery along the Ecuadorian continental coast. Total length and weight were recorded monthly, between 2012 and 2014, at sampling sites located in the coastal provinces of Ecuador. The length-weight relationship was estimated using the power model. A total of 24 commercials and two non-commercial species were analyzed, including demersal and benthic organisms. The value of the intercept was less than 0.03, while the coefficient of determination was greater than 0.98. The slope values showed three species with negative allometry (b < 3), nine species with positive allometry (b > 3) and 14 species with isometry (b = 3). Allometry is a specific characteristic of the species and intraspecific variations can be related to genetically determined effects, as well as, by sex, stage of maturity, spawning period. The parameters of the length-weight relationship presented should be taken with caution considering that they are given regardless of sex., La relación talla-peso es utilizable en estimaciones de biomasa de organismos, en la determinación del “bienestar” del individuo y como datos de entrada en modelos de evaluación de stock. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer la relación talla-peso de 26 especies de peces capturadas en la pesca artesanal, a lo largo de la costa continental ecuatoriana. La talla y peso total fueron registrados mensualmente, entre 2012 y 2014, en sitios de muestreo ubicados en las provincias costeras de Ecuador. La relación talla-peso se estimó mediante el modelo potencial. Se analizaron 24 especies comerciales y dos no-comerciales, que incluyen organismos demersales y bentónicos. El valor del intercepto fue inferior a 0,03 mientras que, el coeficiente de determinación mayor a 0,98. Los valores de las pendientes mostraron tres especies con alometría negativa (b < 3), nueve especies con alometría positiva (b > 3) y 14 especies con isometría (b = 3). La alometría es una característica específica de la especie y las variaciones intraespecíficas se pueden relacionar con efectos determinados genéticamente, así como, por el sexo, estadio de madurez, periodo de desove. Los parámetros de la relación talla-peso presentados deben tomarse con cautela considerando que, son dados indistintamente del sexo.

Se presenta en el trabajo una línea de investigación dividida en dos bloques fundamentalmente. En una primera parte se da una imagen global de la situación actual acerca de la demanda, consumo, reciclaje y desechos plásticos a nivel mundial y europeo. Además, se presenta la problemática que supone la pérdida o extravío de las redes de pesca en los mares y océanos, así cómo las distintas organizaciones e instituciones que se encargan de la recogida y reciclado de estos desechos. Una vez comprendida la magnitud del problema, se propone una solución basada en la adición del residuo a morteros de yeso y cemento para su utilización en el campo de la construcción, más concretamente para la producción de sistema de fachadas SATE (Sistemas de Aislamiento Térmico por el Exterior)., The document presents a line of investigation divided into two main parts. In the first one, a global image of the current situation regarding the demandt, consumption, recycling and plastic waste at aglobal and European level is given. Furthermore, the problem of the loss of fishing gears in the seas and oceans is presented, as well as the different organizations and institutions that are responsible for the collection and recycling of these wastes. Once the magnitude of the problem is understood, a solution is proposed based on the addition of the residue to plaster and cement mortars for use in the construction field, more specifically for the production of a ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems) façade system.

Se presenta en el trabajo una línea de investigación dividida en dos bloques fundamentalmente. En una primera parte se da una imagen global de la situación actual acerca de la demanda, consumo, reciclaje y desechos plásticos a nivel mundial y europeo. Además, se presenta la problemática que supone la pérdida o extravío de las redes de pesca en los mares y océanos, así cómo las distintas organizaciones e instituciones que se encargan de la recogida y reciclado de estos desechos. Una vez comprendida la magnitud del problema, se propone una solución basada en la adición del residuo a morteros de yeso y cemento para su utilización en el campo de la construcción, más concretamente para la producción de sistema de fachadas SATE (Sistemas de Aislamiento Térmico por el Exterior)., The document presents a line of investigation divided into two main parts. In the first one, a global image of the current situation regarding the demandt, consumption, recycling and plastic waste at aglobal and European level is given. Furthermore, the problem of the loss of fishing gears in the seas and oceans is presented, as well as the different organizations and institutions that are responsible for the collection and recycling of these wastes. Once the magnitude of the problem is understood, a solution is proposed based on the addition of the residue to plaster and cement mortars for use in the construction field, more specifically for the production of a ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems) façade system.

Se presenta en el trabajo una línea de investigación dividida en dos bloques fundamentalmente. En una primera parte se da una imagen global de la situación actual acerca de la demanda, consumo, reciclaje y desechos plásticos a nivel mundial y europeo. Además, se presenta la problemática que supone la pérdida o extravío de las redes de pesca en los mares y océanos, así cómo las distintas organizaciones e instituciones que se encargan de la recogida y reciclado de estos desechos. Una vez comprendida la magnitud del problema, se propone una solución basada en la adición del residuo a morteros de yeso y cemento para su utilización en el campo de la construcción, más concretamente para su aplicación en capas de compresión de pavimentaciones continuas., The document presents a line of investigation divided into two main parts. In the first one, a global image of the current situation regarding the demandt, consumption, recycling and plastic waste at a global and European level is given. Furthermore, the problem of the loss of fishing gears in the seas and oceans is presented, as well as the different organizations and institutions that are responsible for the collection and recycling of these wastes. Once the magnitude of the problem is understood, a solution is proposed based on the addition of the residue to plaster and cement mortars for use in the construction field, more specifically for application incompression layers of continuous paving.

Se presenta en el trabajo una línea de investigación dividida en dos bloques fundamentalmente. En una primera parte se da una imagen global de la situación actual acerca de la demanda, consumo y reciclaje de plásticos a nivel tanto mundial como europeo. Además, se presenta la problemática que supone la pérdida o extravío de las redes de pesca en los mares y océanos, así cómo las distintas organizaciones e instituciones que se encargan de la recogida y reciclado de estos desechos. Una vez comprendida la magnitud del problema, se propone una solución basada en la adición del residuo a morteros de yeso y cemento para su utilización en el campo dela construcción, más concretamente para la producción de placas de yeso laminadas y reforzadas mediante la adición de las fibras de las redes de pesca. Por último, se pondrá de manifiesto las ventajas de este producto a través de la aplicación a un caso práctico, donde se constará el impacto medioambiental que supondría la utilización del mismo., The document presents a line of investigation divided into two mainparts. In the first one, a global image of the current situation regarding the demandt, consumption, recycling and plastic waste at a global and European level is given. Furthermore, the problem of the loss of fishing gears in the seas and oceans is presented, as well as the different organizations and institutions that are responsible for the collection and recycling of thesewastes. Once the magnitude of the problem is understood, a solution is proposed based on the addition of the residue to plaster and cement mortars for use in the construction field, more specifically for the production of gypsum laminated and reinforced boards, by addition of fishing gear fibers. Finally, the advantages of this product will be revealed through the application to a study case, where the environmental impact will be stated.

Elasmobranchs associated to artisanal fisheries in the Gulf of Salamanca has been studied poorly. In particular, the absence of assessments of the impact that fisheries activity occurs on the abundances of these resources, which is necessary to determine both the composition of the catches of fishing gear that catch elasmobranches as constructive and operational characteristics of these gears. By analyzing information from fishing landings and traditional knowledge, the present study evaluated artisanal gillnet fishery operating in the Gulf of Salamanca. The analysis showed an increase in fishing power, highlighting the recent addition of hooks to gillnets, whose practice began 20 years ago but massified since 2010, increasing efficiency of elasmobranchs catches. A historical decrease in mesh size (from 127.0 to 88.9 mm) was documented, which however did not produced changes in the trend of catch per unit of effort, but it was accompanied by a progressive expansion of the spatial distribution of fishing area. As perceived by the fishermen, incorporating hooks makes gillnets have a greater impact on shark catches. The results contribute to the identification of management measures aimed at conservation of elasmobranchs., La captura de elasmobranquios asociada a la pesca artesanal en el golfo de Salamanca ha sido poco estudiada. Particularmente, se carece de evaluaciones del impacto que la actividad extractiva produce sobre las abundancias de estos recursos, por lo cual resulta necesario determinar la composición de las capturas e los artes de pesca y las características constructivas y operativas de dichas artes. Mediante análisis de información de desembarcos pesqueros y de conocimiento tradicional, se evaluó la pesquería artesanal de redes de enmalle que opera en el golfo de Salamanca. El análisis evidenció un aumento en el poder de pesca, y la reciente incorporación de anzuelos a las redes de enmalle, cuya práctica inició hace 20 años pero se masificó desde 2010, lo que incrementa la eficiencia en la captura incidental de elasmobranquios. Se documentó una disminución histórica en el tamaño de malla (de 127,0 a 88,9 mm), la cual no introdujo cambios en la tendencia de la captura por unidad de esfuerzo, pero sí estuvo acompañada por una ampliación progresiva de la distribución espacial de la zona de pescas. Según la percepción de los pescadores, la incorporación de anzuelos hace que las redes de enmalle tengan una mayor incidencia en la captura de tiburones. Los resultados obtenidos contribuyen a la identificación de medidas de manejo orientadas a la conservación de elasmobranquios.

Elasmobranchs associated to artisanal fisheries in the Gulf of Salamanca has been studied poorly. In particular, the absence of assessments of the impact that fisheries activity occurs on the abundances of these resources, which is necessary to determine both the composition of the catches of fishing gear that catch elasmobranches as constructive and operational characteristics of these gears. By analyzing information from fishing landings and traditional knowledge, the present study evaluated artisanal gillnet fishery operating in the Gulf of Salamanca. The analysis showed an increase in fishing power, highlighting the recent addition of hooks to gillnets, whose practice began 20 years ago but massified since 2010, increasing efficiency of elasmobranchs catches. A historical decrease in mesh size (from 127.0 to 88.9 mm) was documented, which however did not produced changes in the trend of catch per unit of effort, but it was accompanied by a progressive expansion of the spatial distribution of fishing area. As perceived by the fishermen, incorporating hooks makes gillnets have a greater impact on shark catches. The results contribute to the identification of management measures aimed at conservation of elasmobranchs., La captura de elasmobranquios asociada a la pesca artesanal en el golfo de Salamanca ha sido poco estudiada. Particularmente, se carece de evaluaciones del impacto que la actividad extractiva produce sobre las abundancias de estos recursos, por lo cual resulta necesario determinar la composición de las capturas e los artes de pesca y las características constructivas y operativas de dichas artes. Mediante análisis de información de desembarcos pesqueros y de conocimiento tradicional, se evaluó la pesquería artesanal de redes de enmalle que opera en el golfo de Salamanca. El análisis evidenció un aumento en el poder de pesca, y la reciente incorporación de anzuelos a las redes de enmalle, cuya práctica inició hace 20 años pero se masificó desde 2010, lo que incrementa la eficiencia en la captura incidental de elasmobranquios. Se documentó una disminución histórica en el tamaño de malla (de 127,0 a 88,9 mm), la cual no introdujo cambios en la tendencia de la captura por unidad de esfuerzo, pero sí estuvo acompañada por una ampliación progresiva de la distribución espacial de la zona de pescas. Según la percepción de los pescadores, la incorporación de anzuelos hace que las redes de enmalle tengan una mayor incidencia en la captura de tiburones. Los resultados obtenidos contribuyen a la identificación de medidas de manejo orientadas a la conservación de elasmobranquios.

Shelled molluscs are comprised of bivalves and gastropods. They are settled mainly on the continental shelf as benthic and sedentary animals due to their heavy protective shell. They can stand a wide range of environmental conditions. They are found in the whole trophic chain and are particle feeders, herbivorous, carnivorous, and predators. Exploited mollusc species are numerous. The main groups of gastropods are the whelks, conchs, abalones, tops, and turbans; and those of bivalve species are oysters, mussels, scallops, and clams. They are mainly used for food, but also for ornamental purposes, in shellcraft industries and jewelery. Consumed species are produced by fisheries and aquaculture, the latter representing 75% of the total 11.4 millions metric tons landed worldwide in 1996. Aquaculture, which mainly concerns bivalves (oysters, scallops, and mussels) relies on the simple techniques of producing juveniles, natural spat collection, and hatchery, and the fact that many species are planktivores.

Trawls energy efficiency is greatly affected by the drag, as well as by the swept area regarding pelagic trawls and by the swept width for bottom ones. The drag results in an increase of the energy consumption and the sweeping influences the catch. In order to reduce the drag per swept area (or width) a numerical tool dedicated to the automatic optimisation of the trawl design has been developed. Based on a finite element method model for flexible netting structures, the tool modifies step by step a reference design. For each step the best-modified design, in terms of drag per swept area (or width), is kept. Such a methodology was used in two cases: which show a 43% increase in energy efficiency regarding the pelagic trawl case and 27% for the bottom trawl one. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Shelled molluscs are comprised of bivalves and gastropods. They are settled mainly on the continental shelf as benthic and sedentary animals due to their heavy protective shell. They can stand a wide range of environmental conditions. They are found in the whole trophic chain and are particle feeders, herbivorous, carnivorous, and predators. Exploited mollusc species are numerous. The main groups of gastropods are the whelks, conchs, abalones, tops, and turbans; and those of bivalve species are oysters, mussels, scallops, and clams. They are mainly used for food, but also for ornamental purposes, in shellcraft industries and jewelery. Consumed species are produced by fisheries and aquaculture, the latter representing 75% of the total 11.4 millions metric tons landed worldwide in 1996. Aquaculture, which mainly concerns bivalves (oysters, scallops, and mussels) relies on the simple techniques of producing juveniles, natural spat collection, and hatchery, and the fact that many species are planktivores.

Trawls energy efficiency is greatly affected by the drag, as well as by the swept area regarding pelagic trawls and by the swept width for bottom ones. The drag results in an increase of the energy consumption and the sweeping influences the catch. In order to reduce the drag per swept area (or width) a numerical tool dedicated to the automatic optimisation of the trawl design has been developed. Based on a finite element method model for flexible netting structures, the tool modifies step by step a reference design. For each step the best-modified design, in terms of drag per swept area (or width), is kept. Such a methodology was used in two cases: which show a 43% increase in energy efficiency regarding the pelagic trawl case and 27% for the bottom trawl one. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Shelled molluscs are comprised of bivalves and gastropods. They are settled mainly on the continental shelf as benthic and sedentary animals due to their heavy protective shell. They can stand a wide range of environmental conditions. They are found in the whole trophic chain and are particle feeders, herbivorous, carnivorous, and predators. Exploited mollusc species are numerous. The main groups of gastropods are the whelks, conchs, abalones, tops, and turbans; and those of bivalve species are oysters, mussels, scallops, and clams. They are mainly used for food, but also for ornamental purposes, in shellcraft industries and jewelery. Consumed species are produced by fisheries and aquaculture, the latter representing 75% of the total 11.4 millions metric tons landed worldwide in 1996. Aquaculture, which mainly concerns bivalves (oysters, scallops, and mussels) relies on the simple techniques of producing juveniles, natural spat collection, and hatchery, and the fact that many species are planktivores.

Trawls energy efficiency is greatly affected by the drag, as well as by the swept area regarding pelagic trawls and by the swept width for bottom ones. The drag results in an increase of the energy consumption and the sweeping influences the catch. In order to reduce the drag per swept area (or width) a numerical tool dedicated to the automatic optimisation of the trawl design has been developed. Based on a finite element method model for flexible netting structures, the tool modifies step by step a reference design. For each step the best-modified design, in terms of drag per swept area (or width), is kept. Such a methodology was used in two cases: which show a 43% increase in energy efficiency regarding the pelagic trawl case and 27% for the bottom trawl one. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Shelled molluscs are comprised of bivalves and gastropods. They are settled mainly on the continental shelf as benthic and sedentary animals due to their heavy protective shell. They can stand a wide range of environmental conditions. They are found in the whole trophic chain and are particle feeders, herbivorous, carnivorous, and predators. Exploited mollusc species are numerous. The main groups of gastropods are the whelks, conchs, abalones, tops, and turbans; and those of bivalve species are oysters, mussels, scallops, and clams. They are mainly used for food, but also for ornamental purposes, in shellcraft industries and jewelery. Consumed species are produced by fisheries and aquaculture, the latter representing 75% of the total 11.4 millions metric tons landed worldwide in 1996. Aquaculture, which mainly concerns bivalves (oysters, scallops, and mussels) relies on the simple techniques of producing juveniles, natural spat collection, and hatchery, and the fact that many species are planktivores.

This report is a result of a contract between Ifremer and the French Ministry of Industry. The aim was to provide map the fisheries activity and landings for french fishing vessels, located in the Eastern Channel and the Bay of Biscay during the year 2005. Two areas have been selected: - the "Eastern Channel" area, including 7 administrative departments : Nord, Pas-de-Calais, Somme, Seine-Maritime, Eure, Calvados and Manche. - the "Loire-Gironde" area, including 4 administrative departments : Loire-Atlantique, Vendée, Charente-Maritime and Gironde., Ce rapport est réalisé dans le cadre d'une convention Ifremer/Ministère de l'Industrie. Le but de ce travail est de cartographier l'activité et la production des navires français exploitant la Manche et le Golfe de Gascogne, pour l'année 2005. Deux secteurs ont été identifiés : - la façade « Manche est », constituée de 7 départements : Nord, Pas-deCalais, Somme, Seine-Maritime, Eure, Calvados et Manche, - la façade « Loire-Gironde », constituée de 4 départements : Loire-Atlantique, Vendée, Charente-Maritime et Gironde.

This report is a result of a contract between Ifremer and the French Ministry of Industry. The aim was to provide map the fisheries activity and landings for french fishing vessels, located in the Eastern Channel and the Bay of Biscay during the year 2005. Two areas have been selected: - the "Eastern Channel" area, including 7 administrative departments : Nord, Pas-de-Calais, Somme, Seine-Maritime, Eure, Calvados and Manche. - the "Loire-Gironde" area, including 4 administrative departments : Loire-Atlantique, Vendée, Charente-Maritime and Gironde., Ce rapport est réalisé dans le cadre d'une convention Ifremer/Ministère de l'Industrie. Le but de ce travail est de cartographier l'activité et la production des navires français exploitant la Manche et le Golfe de Gascogne, pour l'année 2005. Deux secteurs ont été identifiés : - la façade « Manche est », constituée de 7 départements : Nord, Pas-deCalais, Somme, Seine-Maritime, Eure, Calvados et Manche, - la façade « Loire-Gironde », constituée de 4 départements : Loire-Atlantique, Vendée, Charente-Maritime et Gironde.

This report is a result of a contract between Ifremer and the French Ministry of Industry. The aim was to provide map the fisheries activity and landings for french fishing vessels, located in the Eastern Channel and the Bay of Biscay during the year 2005. Two areas have been selected: - the "Eastern Channel" area, including 7 administrative departments : Nord, Pas-de-Calais, Somme, Seine-Maritime, Eure, Calvados and Manche. - the "Loire-Gironde" area, including 4 administrative departments : Loire-Atlantique, Vendée, Charente-Maritime and Gironde., Ce rapport est réalisé dans le cadre d'une convention Ifremer/Ministère de l'Industrie. Le but de ce travail est de cartographier l'activité et la production des navires français exploitant la Manche et le Golfe de Gascogne, pour l'année 2005. Deux secteurs ont été identifiés : - la façade « Manche est », constituée de 7 départements : Nord, Pas-deCalais, Somme, Seine-Maritime, Eure, Calvados et Manche, - la façade « Loire-Gironde », constituée de 4 départements : Loire-Atlantique, Vendée, Charente-Maritime et Gironde.

This report is a result of a contract between Ifremer and the French Ministry of Industry. The aim was to provide map the fisheries activity and landings for french fishing vessels, located in the Eastern Channel and the Bay of Biscay during the year 2005. Two areas have been selected: - the "Eastern Channel" area, including 7 administrative departments : Nord, Pas-de-Calais, Somme, Seine-Maritime, Eure, Calvados and Manche. - the "Loire-Gironde" area, including 4 administrative departments : Loire-Atlantique, Vendée, Charente-Maritime and Gironde., Ce rapport est réalisé dans le cadre d'une convention Ifremer/Ministère de l'Industrie. Le but de ce travail est de cartographier l'activité et la production des navires français exploitant la Manche et le Golfe de Gascogne, pour l'année 2005. Deux secteurs ont été identifiés : - la façade « Manche est », constituée de 7 départements : Nord, Pas-deCalais, Somme, Seine-Maritime, Eure, Calvados et Manche, - la façade « Loire-Gironde », constituée de 4 départements : Loire-Atlantique, Vendée, Charente-Maritime et Gironde.

This document is mainly a catalogue of the different types of fishing gears noticed all around Martinique during a ten years period (1985-1994)The technical description of these gears and their plans are presented, according to FAO standards. Besides these descriptions, the origins of the introduction in Martinique of the main categories of gears are related .Moreover,, the operating conditions of each fishing gear as well as the targeted species are dealt with. In addition, recent gears and techniques such as fishing aggregating devices (FADs) and associated fishing techniques are described. These ones appeared in Guadeloupe and Martinique during the last eighties years. Furthermore, the main characteristics of the martinican fishing fleet structure are mentioned at the beginning of this work, with a special attention to dug-out canoes, because of their progressive disappearance., Cet ouvrage est essentiellement un catalogue des différents types d'engins de pêche observés le long du littoral de la Martinique, entre 1985 et 1994. Les caractéristiques techniques de ces: engins et leurs plans sont présentés selon les normes FAO. En dehors de ces descriptions, on s'est à chaque fois que possible attaché à rappeler l'introduction à la Martinique des grandes catégories d'engins de pêche. En outre, les conditions pratiques de mise en oeuvre de chaque engin ainsi que les principales espèces recherchées sont précisées au mieux. Sont également décrits des engins et techniques récents,tels que les dispositifs de concentration de poissons (DCP) et des techniques de pèche qui leur sont associées, apparues dans les eaux de la Guadeloupe et de la Martinique à la fin des années quatre vingt. Enfin, les grands traits de la structure de la flottille de pêche martiniquaise sont rappelés en début d'ouvrage, avec un développement particulier pour les gommiers, en raison de leur disparition progressive.

This document is mainly a catalogue of the different types of fishing gears noticed all around Martinique during a ten years period (1985-1994)The technical description of these gears and their plans are presented, according to FAO standards. Besides these descriptions, the origins of the introduction in Martinique of the main categories of gears are related .Moreover,, the operating conditions of each fishing gear as well as the targeted species are dealt with. In addition, recent gears and techniques such as fishing aggregating devices (FADs) and associated fishing techniques are described. These ones appeared in Guadeloupe and Martinique during the last eighties years. Furthermore, the main characteristics of the martinican fishing fleet structure are mentioned at the beginning of this work, with a special attention to dug-out canoes, because of their progressive disappearance., Cet ouvrage est essentiellement un catalogue des différents types d'engins de pêche observés le long du littoral de la Martinique, entre 1985 et 1994. Les caractéristiques techniques de ces: engins et leurs plans sont présentés selon les normes FAO. En dehors de ces descriptions, on s'est à chaque fois que possible attaché à rappeler l'introduction à la Martinique des grandes catégories d'engins de pêche. En outre, les conditions pratiques de mise en oeuvre de chaque engin ainsi que les principales espèces recherchées sont précisées au mieux. Sont également décrits des engins et techniques récents,tels que les dispositifs de concentration de poissons (DCP) et des techniques de pèche qui leur sont associées, apparues dans les eaux de la Guadeloupe et de la Martinique à la fin des années quatre vingt. Enfin, les grands traits de la structure de la flottille de pêche martiniquaise sont rappelés en début d'ouvrage, avec un développement particulier pour les gommiers, en raison de leur disparition progressive.

This document is mainly a catalogue of the different types of fishing gears noticed all around Martinique during a ten years period (1985-1994)The technical description of these gears and their plans are presented, according to FAO standards. Besides these descriptions, the origins of the introduction in Martinique of the main categories of gears are related .Moreover,, the operating conditions of each fishing gear as well as the targeted species are dealt with. In addition, recent gears and techniques such as fishing aggregating devices (FADs) and associated fishing techniques are described. These ones appeared in Guadeloupe and Martinique during the last eighties years. Furthermore, the main characteristics of the martinican fishing fleet structure are mentioned at the beginning of this work, with a special attention to dug-out canoes, because of their progressive disappearance., Cet ouvrage est essentiellement un catalogue des différents types d'engins de pêche observés le long du littoral de la Martinique, entre 1985 et 1994. Les caractéristiques techniques de ces: engins et leurs plans sont présentés selon les normes FAO. En dehors de ces descriptions, on s'est à chaque fois que possible attaché à rappeler l'introduction à la Martinique des grandes catégories d'engins de pêche. En outre, les conditions pratiques de mise en oeuvre de chaque engin ainsi que les principales espèces recherchées sont précisées au mieux. Sont également décrits des engins et techniques récents,tels que les dispositifs de concentration de poissons (DCP) et des techniques de pèche qui leur sont associées, apparues dans les eaux de la Guadeloupe et de la Martinique à la fin des années quatre vingt. Enfin, les grands traits de la structure de la flottille de pêche martiniquaise sont rappelés en début d'ouvrage, avec un développement particulier pour les gommiers, en raison de leur disparition progressive.

This document is mainly a catalogue of the different types of fishing gears noticed all around Martinique during a ten years period (1985-1994)The technical description of these gears and their plans are presented, according to FAO standards. Besides these descriptions, the origins of the introduction in Martinique of the main categories of gears are related .Moreover,, the operating conditions of each fishing gear as well as the targeted species are dealt with. In addition, recent gears and techniques such as fishing aggregating devices (FADs) and associated fishing techniques are described. These ones appeared in Guadeloupe and Martinique during the last eighties years. Furthermore, the main characteristics of the martinican fishing fleet structure are mentioned at the beginning of this work, with a special attention to dug-out canoes, because of their progressive disappearance., Cet ouvrage est essentiellement un catalogue des différents types d'engins de pêche observés le long du littoral de la Martinique, entre 1985 et 1994. Les caractéristiques techniques de ces: engins et leurs plans sont présentés selon les normes FAO. En dehors de ces descriptions, on s'est à chaque fois que possible attaché à rappeler l'introduction à la Martinique des grandes catégories d'engins de pêche. En outre, les conditions pratiques de mise en oeuvre de chaque engin ainsi que les principales espèces recherchées sont précisées au mieux. Sont également décrits des engins et techniques récents,tels que les dispositifs de concentration de poissons (DCP) et des techniques de pèche qui leur sont associées, apparues dans les eaux de la Guadeloupe et de la Martinique à la fin des années quatre vingt. Enfin, les grands traits de la structure de la flottille de pêche martiniquaise sont rappelés en début d'ouvrage, avec un développement particulier pour les gommiers, en raison de leur disparition progressive.