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Several viruses have been described to infect sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera L.), but virus yellows disease is one of the most important diseases in many sugar beet growing areas. It is caused by four viruses in either single or mixed infection, including the poleroviruses beet western yellows virus (BWYV), beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV), and beet chlorosis virus (BChV) and a closterovirus, beet yellows virus (BYV) (Hossain et al. 2021; Stevens et al. 2005). In August 2019, five samples of sugar beet plants showing yellowing on interveinal leaf tissue were collected in a sugar beet crop in the Novi Sad locality (Vojvodina Province, Serbia). Double-antibody sandwich (DAS) ELISA commercial antisera (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) were used to test the collected samples for the presence of the most common sugar beet viruses: beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), BWYV, BMYV, BChV, and BYV. Commercial positive and negative controls were included in each ELISA test. BYV was serologically detected in all sugar beet samples, but no other viruses tested were found.

Prvi slučaj rezistentnosti divljeg sirka na inhibitore ACC-aze (HRAC 1) u Srbiji potvrđen je 2017. godine u opštini Bač. Najverovatniji uzrok ove pojave je preveliko oslanjanje na herbicide inhibitore ACC-aze u višegodišnjoj monokulturi soje, a takvo ponašanje rezultiralo je selekcijom rezistentnih biotipova divljeg sirka na FOP (ariloksifenoksi propionate) herbicide. Do 2021. godine u okolini Bača nije potvrđena rezistentnost na predstavnike podgrupe DIM (cikloheksandione) a koji su u ovom regionu intenzivno korišćeni kao alternativa FOP herbicidima na koje je divlji sirak razvio rezistentnost. Ovaj fenomen se nije zadržao na prethodnom nivou i lokalnog karaktera, a na ovo nas je upućivala slaba efikasnost ili izostajanje efekata FOP graminicida na drugim lokalitetima, uključujući i cikloksidim kao predstavnika DIM podgrupe. U cilju ispitivanja novih slučajeva rezistentnosti na pojedine inhibitore ACC-aze, uzeti su uzorci rizoma i semena sa lokaliteta Kuzmin, Zmajevo, Plavna i Vajska. Biljke poreklom iz rizoma sa lokaliteta Kuzmin iz 2021. godine i Zmajevo iz 2022. godine testirane su sa preporučenim i trostruko većim količinama preparata na bazi fluazifop-p-butila, cikloksidima i kletodima.

The genus Marphysa (Annelida: Eunicidae) is represented by only three species, Marphysa sanguinea, Marphysa aegypti and Marphysa birgeri, in the Mediterranean Sea. Combining morphological, molecular data (16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial loci) and environmental information, we present the first Mediterranean report of Marphysa chirigota, based on the specimens collected at Radès Station (Gulf of Tunis, W Mediterranean). The current information on species distribution in Marphysa strongly supports that M. sanguinea inhabits hard bottoms and has a restricted distribution close to its type location (south English coast and nearby NE European Atlantic). Radès Station specimens and all those reported as M. sanguinea along the Tunisian coast were found in shallow water soft bottoms. Therefore, we suggest that the presence of M. sanguinea in Tunisia seems doubtful, and all species reports of Marphysa from Tunisia might correspond to M. chirigota.

Despite their importance as potential biological control agents, only two species of family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) have so far been recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans) and Phytoseius macropilis (Banks). Here, we report native populations of Amblyseius andersoni (Chant), a widely used predator in biological control programs around the world, and Neoseiulella tuberculatus (Wainstein), from Bosnia and Herzegovina. These species are briefly re-described and illustrated based on female specimens, as some morphological features show small variations. Dorsal setae z4, used to separate species groups in Amblyseius, are somewhat longer in Bosnian specimens of A. andersoni than those of previous reports. The length of this seta is as long as 2/3 distance between its base and that of setae s4. In addition, asymmetry is observed in a female specimen of N. tuberculatus in terms of insertion of pre-anal setae ZV2 (out of shield in right side). Setae J2, Z1, Z4, Z5, S2, S4, and S5 arise on very small tubercules in the specimen of N. tuberculatus.

[EN] A new symptomatology was observed in celery (Apium graveolens) in Villena, Spain in 2008. Symptomatology included an abnormal amount of shoots per plant and curled stems. These vegetative disorders were associated with 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' and not with phytoplasmas. Samples from plant sap were immobilized on membranes based on the spot procedure and tested using a newly developed real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect 'Ca. L. solanacearum'. Then, a test kit was developed and validated by intralaboratory assays with an accuracy of 100%. Bacterial-like cells with typical morphology of 'Ca. Liberibacter' were observed using electron microscopy in celery plant tissues. A fifth haplotype of 'Ca. L. solanacearum', named E, was identified in celery and in carrot after analyzing partial sequences of 16S and 50S ribosomal RNA genes. From our results, celery (family Apiaceae) can be listed as a new natural host of this emerging bacterium.

[EN] A new symptomatology was observed in celery (Apium graveolens) in Villena, Spain in 2008. Symptomatology included an abnormal amount of shoots per plant and curled stems. These vegetative disorders were associated with 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' and not with phytoplasmas. Samples from plant sap were immobilized on membranes based on the spot procedure and tested using a newly developed real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect 'Ca. L. solanacearum'. Then, a test kit was developed and validated by intralaboratory assays with an accuracy of 100%. Bacterial-like cells with typical morphology of 'Ca. Liberibacter' were observed using electron microscopy in celery plant tissues. A fifth haplotype of 'Ca. L. solanacearum', named E, was identified in celery and in carrot after analyzing partial sequences of 16S and 50S ribosomal RNA genes. From our results, celery (family Apiaceae) can be listed as a new natural host of this emerging bacterium.

[EN] A new symptomatology was observed in celery (Apium graveolens) in Villena, Spain in 2008. Symptomatology included an abnormal amount of shoots per plant and curled stems. These vegetative disorders were associated with 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' and not with phytoplasmas. Samples from plant sap were immobilized on membranes based on the spot procedure and tested using a newly developed real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect 'Ca. L. solanacearum'. Then, a test kit was developed and validated by intralaboratory assays with an accuracy of 100%. Bacterial-like cells with typical morphology of 'Ca. Liberibacter' were observed using electron microscopy in celery plant tissues. A fifth haplotype of 'Ca. L. solanacearum', named E, was identified in celery and in carrot after analyzing partial sequences of 16S and 50S ribosomal RNA genes. From our results, celery (family Apiaceae) can be listed as a new natural host of this emerging bacterium.

The genus Discotylenchus is reported for the first time from Iran. Discotylenchus iranicus n. sp. is described and illustrated based on morphological and morphometric characters. The new species is characterized by a combination of the following morphological features: lip region continuous and smooth, tapering to an offset prominent labial disc, lateral field with four incisures, stylet length of 14–15 µm, vulva position at 70.8–76.5 %, tail length of 81–100 µm, conoid with a rounded tip and presence of males. The Iranian population of D. brevicaudatus shows a wider morphometric range compared to the original description and the male of this species is described for the first time. The morphological characters and range of morphometric data of D. discretus are in full agreement with the original population.

Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae is found on the larvae of sugarcane internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) under field conditions at Coimbatore. In laboratory tests, the fungus caused 20.0 to 83.3 per cent mortality in third instar larvae and 10.0 to 90.0 per cent mortality in fourth instar when treated with different doses ranging from 104 to 109 spores/ml. The time taken to kill the larvae varied from 5.6 to 13.1 days in third ins tar and 5.9 to 9.9 days in fourth instar. The mean number of spores produced per dead larva varied from 0.17 í— 109 to 0.48 í— 109 in third instar and 0.92 í— 109 to 1.52 í— 109 in fourth instar.

Oligochaetes living in the Mijares River close to the Sitjar reservoir, and polychaetes from the brackish and marine waters of a channel flowing into the Mediterranean Sea, both in the province of Castellón (Spain), were examined for the presence of actinosporea. An aurantiactinomyxon was isolated from 60 specimens of the oligochaete Branchiura sowerbyi collected from the river, but no actinospores were isolated from 160 polychaetes collected from the sea channel. The aurantiactinospores were detected by the cell-well plate method. The detected species are not identical with any of the aurantiactinomyxon forms hitherto described in the literature. This is the first report on the occurrence of an actinosporea in Spanish waters.