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BACKGROUND: Scalp reconstruction requires knowledge of scalp anatomy and reconstructive options. Advances in the field have led to numerous procedures being at the disposal of the reconstructive surgeon, expanding treatment options for patients. OBJECTIVE: To provide an algorithmic approach and general guidelines to consider when deciding on which scalp surgery will optimize cosmetic and functional outcomes. METHODS & MATERIALS: Previous literature was searched for the last 20 years to provide an updated guide. RESULTS: Taking into consideration the location, size and local scalp anatomy of a presenting defect will lead to optimal surgical outcomes. Other confounding factors such as bone exposure and extremely large defects will affect decision making. An algorithmic approach has been provided in this review. CONCLUSION: While many reconstructive surgical options are available, the best ones will depend on individual presentation of scalp defects. Location and size are first line considerations while local scalp anatomy will allow for tailoring of reconstructive options. This will help to maximize cosmetic and aesthetic considerations.

En esta investigación se presenta la figura de un personaje histórico como fue Luis II de Baviera (1845-1886) y la visión que sobre él y su reinado realizó para el cine el director italiano Luchino Visconti. Se plantea de manera analítica y precisa los paralelismos entre la figura histórica del rey, su representación fílmica y el director de la misma. También se muestra, a través de esta investigación exhaustiva,la descripción de una estética generada por directores como Visconti que marcaron una cima en la historia del cine europeo. Por último nos adentraremos en el rodaje de Ludwig, que pasó de ser un film de transición en la obra de Visconti a afectarle tanto psíquica como físicamente y que terminó ocasionándole severos problemas de salud cuyas secuelas que le abocaron finalmente a la muerte, ya que falleció cuatro años después de filmar esta película., This research presents Ludwig II of Baviera (1845-1886) as a historical figure and the vision of his reign the Italian director Luchino Visconti showed in his movies. This research states in an analytic and scrupulous way the relations between the historical figure, its filmic representation and the director himself. In addition, through an exhaustive research, this paper shows the aesthetics generated by directors like Visconti who rea-ched a remarkable peak in history of European film. Finally, this paper goes through the making of this film, which went from a transitional film within the Visconti oeuvre to one of his most troublesome and health-ris-king projects causing afterwards Visconti ́s death., Depto. de Ciencias de la Comunicación Aplicada, Fac. de Ciencias de la Información, TRUE, pub

These reflections are the result of a series of notes and intellectual curiosities araised from the contemplation of the work of the Mexican painter, deceased on November 1, 2021, Martha Pacheco, whose artistic production is mainly characterized by the representation of madness and death, through realistic paintings and etchings of bodies that no one claims, forgotten in the morgue or in the mental hospital, and faces marked by indigence, abandonment, or madness. The notion of infamy esthetic will be developed as a way of approaching the work of the Mexican artist, to explain the effects of representing dead bodies or faces with traces of madness, and the relationships between eroticism and death, between the sacred and the profane., Estas reflexões são o resultado de uma série de notas e preocupações derivadas da contemplação da obra da pintora mexicana, falecida em 1º de novembro de 2021, Martha Pacheco, cuja produção artística se caracteriza pela representação, principalmente, da loucura e da morte, através de pinturas e gravuras realistas de corpos não reclamados, esquecidos na morgue ou no hospício, e de rostos marcados pela indigência, abandono ou loucura. Será desenvolvida a noção de estética da infâmia como uma forma de abordagem da obra da artista mexicana, a fim de explicar os efeitos de representar corpos mortos ou rostos com vestígios de loucura e as relações entre erotismo e morte, entre o sagrado e o profano., Resumen Estas reflexiones son el resultado de una serie de notas e inquietudes derivadas de la contemplación de la obra de la pintora mexicana, finada el 1 de noviembre de 2021, Martha Pacheco, cuya producción artística se caracteriza por la representación, principalmente, de la locura y la muerte, a través de pinturas y grabados realistas de cuerpos que nadie reclama, olvidados en la morgue o en el manicomio, y de rostros marcados por la indigencia, el abandono o la locura. Se desarrollará la noción de estética de la infamia, como un modo de abordaje de la obra de la artista mexicana, para explicar los efectos de representar cuerpos muertos o rostros con rastros de locura, y la relaciones entre erotismo y muerte, entre lo sagrado y lo profano.

Crown lengthening is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in periodontics, with a prevalence of 10%. Aim. Describe a periodontal technique to lengthen a clinical crown. Materials and methods. Through a clinical case, we will report the surgical approach to lengthen the clinical crown in the anterior sector. This surgical technique is based on restoring the biological space towards a more apical position before a prosthetic treatment to avoid its invasion that could result in bone resorption, gingival recession, inflammation or hypertrophy. Results: The technique allowed an improvement in periodontal health and the continuation of prosthetic treatment. conclusions. Through this treatment it is possible to rehabilitate dental organs to serve as supports and/or pillars for future dental prostheses., El alargamiento de corona es uno de los procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados con mayor frecuencia en periodoncia, con una prevalencia del 10%. Objetivo. Describir una técnica periodontal para alargar una corona clínica. Materiales y métodos. Mediante un caso clínico relataremos el abordaje quirúrgico para realizar un alargamiento de corona clínica en el sector anterior. Esta técnica quirúrgica se basa en restablecer el espacio biológico hacia una posición más apical antes de un tratamiento protésico para evitar una invasión del mismo que podría resultar en reabsorción ósea, recesión gingival, inflamación o hipertrofia. Resultados: La técnica permitió una mejora en la salud periodontal y la continuación del tratamiento protésico. Conclusiones. Por medio de este tratamiento es posible rehabilitar órganos dentales para que sirvan de soportes y/o pilares de futuras prótesis dentales.

The apical migration of the gingival margin to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) is known as gingival recession or open interdental space. There are several non-surgical treatments for treating gingival recession defects, including establishing optimal plaque control, behavior modification therapies, removing overhanging subgingival restorations, and using desensitizing agents. The root surface can be covered with a variety of biomaterials and periodontal plastic surgery techniques to correct mucogingival problems. When a surgical approach is required, the most predictable treatments for single and multiple recession defects are considered to be a coronally advanced flap, tunnelling procedures combined with a connective tissue graft, and a laterally positioned flap. Periodontal plastic surgery has many drawbacks with varied success rates. The gingival veneer prosthesis helps in achieving excellent aesthetics and patient satisfaction, showing its efficacy and simple treatment option in several clinical situations. A gingival veneer is a more advanced and complex treatment, this may be a helpful temporary solution. When the cost or risk of further advanced therapy may be greater than the desired advantages, some patients may decide to wear the veneer as a long-term choice.

The apical migration of the gingival margin to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) is known as gingival recession or open interdental space. There are several non-surgical treatments for treating gingival recession defects, including establishing optimal plaque control, behavior modification therapies, removing overhanging subgingival restorations, and using desensitizing agents. The root surface can be covered with a variety of biomaterials and periodontal plastic surgery techniques to correct mucogingival problems. When a surgical approach is required, the most predictable treatments for single and multiple recession defects are considered to be a coronally advanced flap, tunnelling procedures combined with a connective tissue graft, and a laterally positioned flap. Periodontal plastic surgery has many drawbacks with varied success rates. The gingival veneer prosthesis helps in achieving excellent aesthetics and patient satisfaction, showing its efficacy and simple treatment option in several clinical situations. A gingival veneer is a more advanced and complex treatment, this may be a helpful temporary solution. When the cost or risk of further advanced therapy may be greater than the desired advantages, some patients may decide to wear the veneer as a long-term choice.

Background The online second-hand fashion market is a growing market that can be promoted with the help of social media and influencers. Influencers can help with store promotion as well as to promote sustainability and, therefore, promote this alternative fashion consumption style. Furthermore, in social media marketing videos, the aspects of education, entertainment, and esthetics have been noted to be important dimensions to consider. Purpose This study aims to describe what aspects of influencer marketing videos appeal to consumers in the second hand fashion online store market. Methodology The study took the form of a descriptive and qualitative study in order to describe what aspects of the dimensions of education, entertainment and esthetics appeal to consumers in the second hand fashion online stores. A pilot study with two participants was conducted in order to ensure that the interview guide was understandable for the main study. Six participants took part in the main study with online interviews. Findings The empirical data contributed to the consideration of the most relevant aspects within each dimension. In education, these were the type of information, the message delivery and the deliverer. For entertainment, this was the influencer’s personality and engagement. For esthetics, the visuality of the video was evidently to be considered. Conclusion The findings contribute to describing an appealing influencer marketing video from all of the three dimensions. For education, the importance lies in the delivering verbal information about sustainability and about the online store, as well as the influencer’s trustworthiness and persuasiveness. The findings of education are highly context specific for the second hand fashion market. Similarly, the persona was important regarding the perceived entertainment, as energetic and engaging persona successfully engaged, together with the aspect of suitable and interesting plot. For esthetics, the visuality, such a

PURPOSE: Skin and soft tissue aging has been an important topic of discussion among plastic surgeons and their patients. While botulinum toxin, facial fillers, chemical peels, and surgical lifts preside as the mainstay of treatment to restore appearance of youth, emergent technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, proteostasis, flap biology, and stem cell therapies, have gained traction in addressing the aging process of skin and soft tissue. Several studies have introduced these advancements, but it remains unclear how safe and effective these therapeutics are in facial rejuvenation, and how they may fit in the existent treatment workflow for soft tissue aging. MATERIALS/METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify and assess therapeutics utilized in addressing skin and soft tissue aging. Variables collected included year of publication, journal, article title, organization of study, patient sample, treatment modality, associated outcomes. In addition, we performed a market analysis of companies involved in promoting technologies and therapeutics within this space. PitchBook (Seattle, WA), a public market database, was utilized to classify companies, and record the amount of venture capital funding allocated to these categories. RESULTS: Initial review yielded four hundred and two papers. Of these, thirty-five were extracted after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Though previous literature regards CRISPR-Cas9 technology as the most favorable anti-aging innovation, after reviewing the current literature, stem cell therapies utilizing recipient chimerism appeared to be the superior skin anti-aging technique when accounting for possible disadvantages of various techniques. The psychosocial and cosmetic outcomes from using cell therapy to modulate allograft survival and tolerance may confer more long-term proposed benefits than the technologies in CRISPR-Cas9, flap biology innovations, and autologous platelet-rich plasma use. Market analysis

Background The online second-hand fashion market is a growing market that can be promoted with the help of social media and influencers. Influencers can help with store promotion as well as to promote sustainability and, therefore, promote this alternative fashion consumption style. Furthermore, in social media marketing videos, the aspects of education, entertainment, and esthetics have been noted to be important dimensions to consider. Purpose This study aims to describe what aspects of influencer marketing videos appeal to consumers in the second hand fashion online store market. Methodology The study took the form of a descriptive and qualitative study in order to describe what aspects of the dimensions of education, entertainment and esthetics appeal to consumers in the second hand fashion online stores. A pilot study with two participants was conducted in order to ensure that the interview guide was understandable for the main study. Six participants took part in the main study with online interviews. Findings The empirical data contributed to the consideration of the most relevant aspects within each dimension. In education, these were the type of information, the message delivery and the deliverer. For entertainment, this was the influencer’s personality and engagement. For esthetics, the visuality of the video was evidently to be considered. Conclusion The findings contribute to describing an appealing influencer marketing video from all of the three dimensions. For education, the importance lies in the delivering verbal information about sustainability and about the online store, as well as the influencer’s trustworthiness and persuasiveness. The findings of education are highly context specific for the second hand fashion market. Similarly, the persona was important regarding the perceived entertainment, as energetic and engaging persona successfully engaged, together with the aspect of suitable and interesting plot. For esthetics, the visuality, such a

Amid the rapid advancements in clinical aesthetics, there lies an intricate gap between the artistic and sensory experience of facial aesthetics and the technical approach of medical sciences. As the field of clinical aesthetics veers further into the realm of the ideal, tensions arise between patient expectations and the practitioner's delivery. Central to this issue is the growing reliance on technology, which often overlooks the immediate sensory experience crucial for aesthetic satisfaction. Drawing inspiration from the arts and humanities, this dissertation introduces "Phenoesthetics" as an epistemological bridge, harmonizing the seemingly disparate domains of sensory experience and scientific analysis. By using visual art, particularly the composite works of the Renaissance artist Giuseppe Arcimboldo, as an illustrative tool, this work seeks to elucidate the dual nature of facial aesthetics perception: the universal, tangible forms and the more abstract, cultural interpretations. By weaving together elements from the arts, humanities, and sciences, this study propounds a Phenoesthetics approach — a comprehensive method designed to enhance understanding and communication in clinical aesthetics. The aim is to provide practitioners with a robust framework, fostering more aligned expectations and improving satisfaction rates in the field of aesthetic medicine., 2023, Includes bibliography., Degree granted: Dissertation (PhD)--Florida Atlantic University, 2023., Collection: FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The transformation of urban areas into more self-sufficient and carbon-free places is indispensable in the fight against climate change. 36% of global energy consumption comes from buildings, mainly in cities. If all available and suitable surfaces of these buildings were covered with solar devices, up to 22% of the electricity demand could be supplied, according to an EU study. One of the most advanced and aesthetically pleasing techniques is that of building- integrated technologies, whether they are photovoltaic modules producing electricity or solar thermal collectors producing heat. The main objective of this thesis is to carry out an extended literature review of all existing building- integrated technologies and the methods used to integrate them. In addition, a small compilation of the most relevant projects completed to date will be presented, and proposals will be made for Cranfield University to move closer to zero-emission energy consumption.

This commentary evaluates trends in the factors influencing consumer decision-making for cosmetic dermatologic procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. This is a follow-up national survey to one that was published 1 year ago. This study compares the data from Summer 2020 to early Summer 2021, which presents a stark contrast. Our results demonstrate that consumers are now more interested in cosmetic dermatologic procedures compared to 1 year prior. Additionally, they still value the overall safety of the clinic, so physicians should ensure that certain safety measures remain in place despite any decreasing rates of COVID-19 positivity. Our survey sheds more light on current consumer perspectives, which may in turn help physicians adjust their practices to meet current demand. It is important for physicians to be knowledgeable regarding the patterns of consumer decision-making in order to deliver appropriate patient education and provide proper patient outreach during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The transformation of urban areas into more self-sufficient and carbon-free places is indispensable in the fight against climate change. 36% of global energy consumption comes from buildings, mainly in cities. If all available and suitable surfaces of these buildings were covered with solar devices, up to 22% of the electricity demand could be supplied, according to an EU study. One of the most advanced and aesthetically pleasing techniques is that of building- integrated technologies, whether they are photovoltaic modules producing electricity or solar thermal collectors producing heat. The main objective of this thesis is to carry out an extended literature review of all existing building- integrated technologies and the methods used to integrate them. In addition, a small compilation of the most relevant projects completed to date will be presented, and proposals will be made for Cranfield University to move closer to zero-emission energy consumption.

This commentary evaluates trends in the factors influencing consumer decision-making for cosmetic dermatologic procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. This is a follow-up national survey to one that was published 1 year ago. This study compares the data from Summer 2020 to early Summer 2021, which presents a stark contrast. Our results demonstrate that consumers are now more interested in cosmetic dermatologic procedures compared to 1 year prior. Additionally, they still value the overall safety of the clinic, so physicians should ensure that certain safety measures remain in place despite any decreasing rates of COVID-19 positivity. Our survey sheds more light on current consumer perspectives, which may in turn help physicians adjust their practices to meet current demand. It is important for physicians to be knowledgeable regarding the patterns of consumer decision-making in order to deliver appropriate patient education and provide proper patient outreach during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To analyze fluorosis in children aged 5-9 years in the Illahua Chico community, Tungurahua, Ecuador. Methods: Descriptive observational study. Results: Participation was voluntary, random and with prior informed consent of the adults responsible for 35 children aged 5 to 9 years. Conclusion: The levels of fluorosis determined in this research in the community of Illahua Chico in children from 5 to 9 years of age are related to the consumption of water without previous treatment process, for this reason samples were taken to later carry out the treatment and avoid an increase in the risk of coloration in the permanent dentition., Objetivo: Analizar la fluorosis en niños de 5-9 años de la comunidad Illahua Chico, Tungurahua, Ecuador. Método: Descriptivo observacional. Resultados: La participación fue voluntaria, aleatoria y con previo consentimiento informado de los adultos responsables de 35 niños de 5 a 9 años de edad. Conclusión: Los niveles de fluorosis determinados en esta investigación, en la comunidad de Illahua Chico en niños de 5 a 9 años está relacionada con el consumo de agua sin previo proceso de tratamiento, por esta razón se realizó la toma de muestras para posteriormente realizar el tratamiento y evitar que exista un aumento del riesgo de coloración en la dentición permanente.

Objective: To know the mechanism by which fluoride causes consequences at the level of dental health in people, as well as to know a little about its beneficial and harmful effects at the systemic level. Method: Descriptive documentary with a bibliographic review of 15 articles located in the databases PubMed, Scopus, WOS, Scielo. Conclusion: Fluoride intake is regularly used to prevent dental caries; however, the excessive and continuous intake of fluoride negatively affects human health, causing chronic fluorosis, an endemic disease that affects not only hard tissues such as bones and teeth, but also the functioning of the nervous system, kidneys, liver and cardiovascular system, to produce skeletal fluorosis in humans., Objetivo: Conocer el mecanismo por el cual el flúor causa consecuencias a nivel de la salud odontológica en las personas, así como también conocer un poco de sus efectos beneficiosos como perjudiciales a nivel sistémico. Método: Descriptivo documental con una revisión bibliográfica de 15 artículos ubicados en base de datos PubMed, Scopus, WOS, Scielo. Conclusión: La ingesta de flúor, regularmente se usa para prevenir la caries dental sin embargo, la ingesta excesiva y continuada de flúor afecta negativamente a la salud humana, causando fluorosis crónica, una enfermedad endémica que afecta no sólo a los tejidos duros como los huesos y los dientes, sino también al funcionamiento del sistema nervioso, los riñones, el hígado y el sistema cardiovascular, para que produzca la fluorosis del esqueleto en los seres humanos.

Objective: To analyze the aesthetic intervention of the gingival smile using botulinum toxin as a minimally invasive technique. Method: Descriptive documentary review of 15 articles. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin in dentistry has become one of the most important treatments in the marketing and social relations industry in the last decade, as it is a treatment that provides the patient with an almost immediate effect on the harmony of his smile, it is undoubtedly the main option before surgical treatments due to its easy recovery. It should be noted that it is temporary and needs to undergo retreatments, the specialist should be related to the instructions of the commercial manufacturer of botulinum toxin in order to offer the patient the correct application and information., Objetivo: Analizar la intervención estética de la sonrisa gingival mediante uso de la toxina botulínica como técnica mínimamente invasiva. Método: Descriptivo documental con revisión de 15 artículos. Conclusión: La toxina botulínica en odontología se ha vuelto parte de uno de los tratamientos que más importancia a tenido en la industria del marketing y relaciones sociales en la última década, al ser un tratamiento que brinda al paciente un efecto casi inmediato en la armonía de su sonrisa es sin duda la principal opción antes de tratamientos quirúrgicos por su fácil recuperación, cabe destacar que es temporal y necesita someterse a retratamientos, el especialista debe estar relacionado con las instrucciones del fabricante comercial de la toxina botulínica para así ofrecerle al paciente la aplicación e información correcta.

Objective: To identify different anesthetic techniques used in the mandible. Method: Descriptive documentary review of 15 articles located in PubMed database. Conclusion: The anesthetic technique with the best results in the mandible is the truncal technique, since it blocks all the nerves of the mandibular branch, i.e. inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve, buccal nerve, mylohyoid nerve and auriculotemporal nerve. The infiltrative technique is also very useful for blocking mandibular nerves, especially in the anterior sector or as a complement to the truncular technique., Objetivo: Identificar diferentes técnicas anestésicas usadas en mandíbula. Método: Descriptivo documental con revisión de 15 artículos ubicados en base de datos PubMed. Conclusión: La técnica de anestesia en mandíbula con mejores resultados es la troncular, ya que logra bloquear todos los nervios de la rama mandibular, es decir nervio alveolar inferior, nervio lingual, nervio bucal, nervio milohioideo y auriculotemporal. La técnica infiltrativa también es de gran utilidad para el bloqueo de nervios mandibulares especialmente en el sector anterior o como complemento de la técnica troncular.

Objective: To analyze implant-supported fixed dental prostheses with microblock. Method: Descriptive documentary with a bibliographic review of 15 articles located in PubMed, Scopus and WOS databases. Conclusion: Total fixed implant-supported restorations can represent a highly successful alternative to conventional dental treatment. A correct treatment plan with a surgical and prosthodontic approach can achieve adequate functional and esthetic goals that can significantly improve the oral quality of life of the edentulous patient., Objetivo: Analizar la prótesis dental fija implantosoportada con microbloqueo. Método: Descriptivo documental con una revisión bibliográfica de 15 artículos ubicados en base de datos PubMed, Scopus, WOS. Conclusión: Las rehabilitaciones totales fijas sobre implantes pueden representar una alternativa con un éxito elevado a los tratamientos odontológicos convencionales. Un correcto plan de tratamiento con un enfoque quirúrgico y prostodóncico puede conseguir unos objetivos funcionales y estéticos adecuados que mejore notablemente la calidad de vida oral del paciente edéntulo total.

The biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT) has revolutionized the execution of fixed prosthetic treatments, ensuring tissue stability and the integration of the gingival tissue with the prosthetic restorations. BOPT follows both a clinical and laboratory sequence; the two must be perfectly integrated and synchronized, with the phase of preparation and temporary restorations in the clinic correlating with a well-founded and protocolized execution of the laboratory steps. In turn, prosthetic work returned to the clinic must show perfect integration between the prosthesis, the preparation, and the periodontal tissue, with a balance between pink and white esthetics. The clinical case in the present article illustrates the close relationship between the clinical and laboratory steps, including the technical laboratory procedures, that make it possible to achieve these objectives. The aim of the article is to introduce the concept of the prosthetic adaptation profile of new restorations, establishing the definition, importance, and direct relationship of this profile with the success of the rehabilitation treatment.

The musical artistic proposals of the20th and 21st centuries have incorporatedall kinds of sounds into artisticactions, changing the perception of thework of art, and fostering a new way oflistening to the environment. The universeof sound has expanded enormouslyand artistic practices have opened up tonew realities, emerging technologies andconceptions of global and open listening.In this article we analyze the sound resourcesof some essential proposals inthe sound journey of the 20th and 21stcenturies. In the first place, the figure ofa Spanish inventor and visionary, JoséAntonio García Castillejo, el Cura Castillejo,as the absolute forerunner of electronicmusic with his electro composerdevice, and his visionary conceptions ofmusic and art. Second, the proposals ofJohn Cage. Third, the ideas of MurrayShafer in Canada and his Soundscape.Fourth, the genius of Llorenç Barber inSpain, to finally end with the conceptionof artistic research by Alex Arteaga., Las propuestas artísticas musicales delsiglo XX y XXI han incorporado todotipo de sonidos a las acciones artísticas,cambiando la percepción de la obra dearte, y fomentado una forma nueva deescuchar el entorno. En este artículo analizamoslos recursos sonoros de algunaspropuestas imprescindibles en el viaje sonorode los siglos XX y XXI. En primerlugar, la figura de un inventor y visionarioespañol, José Antonio García Castillejo,el Cura Castillejo, como precursor absolutode la música electrónica con su aparatoelectro compositor, y sus visionariasconcepciones de la música y del arte. Ensegundo lugar, las propuestas de JohnCage. En tercer lugar, las ideas de MurrayShafer en Canadá y su Paisaje sonoro.En cuarto lugar, la genialidad de LlorençBarber en España, para terminar finalmentecon la concepción de la investigaciónartística de Alex Arteaga. El análisisde estas propuestas nos permite señalar enla conclusión cómo el universo sonoro seha ampliado enormemente y las prácticasartísticas se han abierto a realidades nuevas,a las tecnologías emergentes y concepcionesde una escucha global y abierta.

BACKGROUND: Function and cosmesis are crucial in upper extremity reconstruction. Yet, there persists a lack of outcome evaluations, particularly regarding differences between free flap types.METHODS: In a single-center retrospective analysis, outcomes were compared between patients with cutaneous or muscle free flaps for distal upper extremity reconstruction between 2008 and 2018. The Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand -Score, Michigan-Hand (MHQ), and Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) Questionnaires were assessed, motor function was quantified, and self-reported measures of cosmesis were compared, including the Vancouver Scar-Scale (VSS), MHQ aesthetics-subscale (MAS), and Moscona's cosmetic validation-score (CVS).RESULTS: One-hundred forty-one cases were identified, with a shift toward cutaneous flaps over the study period. Muscle flaps were used for larger defects (251 vs. 142 cm2, p = 0.008). Losses, thromboses, and donor-site complications were equally distributed. Partial necroses were more frequent in muscle flaps (11 vs. 1%, p = 0.015). Seventy patients with 53 cutaneous versus 17 muscle flaps were reexamined. There was no difference in the timing of flap coverage (after 16 vs. 15 days, p = 0.79), number of preceding (2 vs. 1.7, p = 0.95), or subsequent operations (19/53 vs. 5/17, p = 0.77). Patients with cutaneous flaps showed higher grip strength (25 vs. 17 kg, p = 0.046) and reported better hand function (MHQ: 58 vs. 47, p = 0.044) and general health (SF-36: 70 vs. 61, p = 0.040), as well as more favorable appearance (MAS: 71 vs. 57, p = 0.044, CVS: 77 vs. 72, p = 0.048), and scar burden (VSS: 0 vs. 3, p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Cutaneous flaps yielded better motor function, self-perceived cosmesis, patient satisfaction, and quality of life in our cohort of distal upper extremity reconstructions.

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The transformation of urban areas into more self-sufficient and carbon-free places is indispensable in the fight against climate change. 36% of global energy consumption comes from buildings, mainly in cities. If all available and suitable surfaces of these buildings were covered with solar devices, up to 22% of the electricity demand could be supplied, according to an EU study. One of the most advanced and aesthetically pleasing techniques is that of building- integrated technologies, whether they are photovoltaic modules producing electricity or solar thermal collectors producing heat. The main objective of this thesis is to carry out an extended literature review of all existing building- integrated technologies and the methods used to integrate them. In addition, a small compilation of the most relevant projects completed to date will be presented, and proposals will be made for Cranfield University to move closer to zero-emission energy consumption.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of female dentate patients' most appealing incisal edge embrasure designs. METHODOLOGY: The sample consisted of 385 female dentate patients between 18 to 40 years of age visiting Sardar Begum Dental College and Hospital, Peshawar, from January 2021 to June 2021. The subject's perception was recorded by having the subjects visualize a set of five photographs showing different categories of incisal edge embrasure designs classified by Foulger and Tredwin. The labels of these different photograph categories were obscured using a non-transparent tape, and A, B, C, D, and E; names were assigned to them, respectively, to avoid bias. Means and standard deviations were calculated for quantitative variables like age, while the frequency was calculated in percentage for categorical variables for the most appealing incisal edge embrasure design. RESULTS: The most attractive incisal edge embrasure design amongst the female dentate patients was the "Ideal" design with 33.8%. The second most attractive design displayed "Equal" incisal edge embrasures with 31.4. The "Reversed" and "None" categories had 12.2% and 9.9% percentages. The least attractive design amongst these females was with "Exaggerated" incisal edge embrasures. CONCLUSION: Female dentate patients' most appealing incisal edge embrasure design displays the "Ideal" incisal edge embrasure form.

Why and How Empathy Matters in Aesthetic Experiences

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of female dentate patients' most appealing incisal edge embrasure designs. METHODOLOGY: The sample consisted of 385 female dentate patients between 18 to 40 years of age visiting Sardar Begum Dental College and Hospital, Peshawar, from January 2021 to June 2021. The subject's perception was recorded by having the subjects visualize a set of five photographs showing different categories of incisal edge embrasure designs classified by Foulger and Tredwin. The labels of these different photograph categories were obscured using a non-transparent tape, and A, B, C, D, and E; names were assigned to them, respectively, to avoid bias. Means and standard deviations were calculated for quantitative variables like age, while the frequency was calculated in percentage for categorical variables for the most appealing incisal edge embrasure design. RESULTS: The most attractive incisal edge embrasure design amongst the female dentate patients was the "Ideal" design with 33.8%. The second most attractive design displayed "Equal" incisal edge embrasures with 31.4. The "Reversed" and "None" categories had 12.2% and 9.9% percentages. The least attractive design amongst these females was with "Exaggerated" incisal edge embrasures. CONCLUSION: Female dentate patients' most appealing incisal edge embrasure design displays the "Ideal" incisal edge embrasure form.

In this article are opened: a number of the features influencing process of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, optimal conditions the providing success and efficiency of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language. The main stages of skilled and experimental work on formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, structure of creation of process of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, and the recommendation about formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language are offered: &nbsp

In this article are opened: a number of the features influencing process of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, optimal conditions the providing success and efficiency of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language. The main stages of skilled and experimental work on formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, structure of creation of process of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, and the recommendation about formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language are offered: &nbsp

In this article are opened: a number of the features influencing process of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, optimal conditions the providing success and efficiency of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language. The main stages of skilled and experimental work on formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, structure of creation of process of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, and the recommendation about formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language are offered: &nbsp

In this article are opened: a number of the features influencing process of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, optimal conditions the providing success and efficiency of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language. The main stages of skilled and experimental work on formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, structure of creation of process of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, and the recommendation about formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language are offered: &nbsp

In this article are opened: a number of the features influencing process of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, optimal conditions the providing success and efficiency of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language. The main stages of skilled and experimental work on formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, structure of creation of process of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, and the recommendation about formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language are offered: &nbsp

In this article are opened: a number of the features influencing process of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, optimal conditions the providing success and efficiency of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language. The main stages of skilled and experimental work on formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, structure of creation of process of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, and the recommendation about formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language are offered: &nbsp

The severity of preoperative symptoms at which patients are likely to achieve a minimal important change and patient acceptable symptom state after surgery may help the decision to perform surgery for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. The study objective was to define these thresholds for pain at rest and during activities as well as for the brief Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire. One hundred and fifty-one patients were examined before surgery and 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. The minimal important change after surgery was 1.9, 3.9 and 16 scores for pain at rest, pain during activities and the brief Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, respectively. The respective patient acceptable symptom state values were 1.5, 2.5 and 70 after surgery. Our results show that patients with baseline pain values between 3.5 and 5.5 at rest, between 6.5 and 7.5 during activities and a presurgery brief Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire score of about 47, have the greatest chance of achieving a relevant symptom change and an acceptable symptom state. The information from this study may help surgeons in deciding the surgical indications and help patients in their expectation in symptom relief after surgery. Level of evidence: IV.

Introducción: tras décadas de progresiva transformación de los patrones de estética corporal, el período poscrisis puede haber alterado ese proceso. Uno de los segmentos poblacionales que puede estar más afectado por esas transformaciones es el alumnado universitario. Los objetivos del presente estudio son conocer las prácticas estéticas del alumnado de la Universidad de Alicante (UA), conocer la autopercepción del propio cuerpo, establecer diferencias en función del sexo y del IMC, y comparar los resultados de la encuesta de 2018 con una equiparable de 2003. Material y métodos: se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal repetido, cuya estrategia de investigación es la encuesta. El tipo de muestreo es por cuotas (sexo y rama de estudios). La unidad de análisis son alumnos de grado y máster de la UA matriculados durante el curso 2017/2018 (en 2003 eran alumnos de 1º y 2º ciclos de la UA matriculados durante el curso 2002/2003). Universo poblacional: 23.827 alumnos (en 2003 eran 28.483). Tamaño de la muestra: 402 (en 2003 eran 375). Resultados: el 78,1% está satisfecho con su propio cuerpo (70% en 2003); el 48,1% cree que su peso debería ser como el actual (42,4% en 2003). En relación al IMC, el 40% tiene una actitud desajustada con la realidad, en 2003 esta cifra superaba el 50%. Conclusiones: en 2018 se ha constatado una mayor satisfacción con el propio cuerpo y una autopercepción menos sometida a la presión del ideal de delgadez con respecto al 2003. Asimismo, se aprecia un ajuste entre sexos., Introduction: The post-crisis period may have had an impact on the body image of university students, after decades of progressive transformation in patterns of body aesthetics in Western countries. The objective of this study is to know the aesthetic practices of the students of the University of Alicante, their body self-perception and to compare the difference in the results of two surveys (2018 and 2003), and analyse if there are any differences according to sex and BMI. Material and methods: This is a descriptive repeated cross-sectional study that uses a survey and quota sampling (by sex and field of study). The units of analysis are the University of Alicante’s bachelor’s and master’s degree students enrolled during the 2017/2018 school year (in 2003 these were students of the first and second cycles enrolled in the school year 2002/2003). Universe: 23,827 students in 2017 (28,483 in 2003). Sample size: 402 in 2017 and 375 in 2003. Results: 78.1% were satisfied with their own body (compared to 70% in 2003). 48.1% thought their weight was fine as it is (42.4% in 2003). In relation to the BMI, 40% have an unadjusted attitude towards reality, in 2003 this figure exceeded 50%. Conclusions: Students in 2018 showed of more satisfaction with their bodies and seemed to perceive less pressure to be thin compared to 2003. Also, there is an adjustment between genders.

I analyze the topic of sickness in relation to 19th and 20th Century Literature in the Germanophile area. In particular, I examine Kierkegaard’s and Kafka’s perspectives. In the case of Kierkegaard, he principally wrote about sickness in his diaries, and in two important books: The Concept of Anxiety and The Sickness unto Death. However, Kafka wrote about the same theme in all his diaries. Therefore, in this study, I will compare the different perspectives of these two authors in relation to both sickness and literature. Through this, I will attempt to extract any key aspects that can be used for identifying a more general relation between sickness and literature in the 19th and 20th Centuries. To achieve this aim, I will firstly scrutinize Kierkegaard’s posture, and then Kafka’s posture. Following this, I will compare the findings to draw general conclusions, En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la relación entre literatura y enfermedad, concentrando la atención en la perspectiva de Kierkegaard y de Kafka. Después de analizar la postura kierkegaardiana (Diarios, El concepto de Angustia y La enfermedad mortal) se pasa a la kafkiana (Diarios, Carta al padre y Cartas a Felice) y, finalmente, se comparan los resultados obtenidos. De este modo, se pueden apreciar las diferencias entre los dos planteamientos y, sucesivamente, utilizar los elementos en común para esbozar unas características interesantes sobre la relación entre literatura y enfermedad en los siglos XIX y XX en el contexto de influencia alemana. Esto nos lleva a reflexionar sobre las conexiones causales entre la enfermedad y la literatura, y sobre el contexto social o íntimo en el cual estas se desarrollan

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of static and dynamic hamstring muscles stretching on kinematics and esthetics of grand battement (high velocity kicks) in adolescent recreational dancers. Sixteen participants were assessed before and immediately after both stretching modalities. Kinematics of movement was measured by an optoelectronic system and esthetics was scored by a jury of professional dancers. Both stretching modalities led to significant kinematic differences compared with without stretching. Significant linear correlations between kinematic parameters and esthetic scores have been observed: improving dancers' physical performances has noticeable impact on the perception of their movements.

In this article are opened: a number of the features influencing process of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, optimal conditions the providing success and efficiency of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language. The main stages of skilled and experimental work on formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, structure of creation of process of formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language, and the recommendation about formation of esthetic culture of future teacher of a foreign language are offered: &nbsp

I analyze the topic of sickness in relation to 19th and 20th Century Literature in the Germanophile area. In particular, I examine Kierkegaard’s and Kafka’s perspectives. In the case of Kierkegaard, he principally wrote about sickness in his diaries, and in two important books: The Concept of Anxiety and The Sickness unto Death. However, Kafka wrote about the same theme in all his diaries. Therefore, in this study, I will compare the different perspectives of these two authors in relation to both sickness and literature. Through this, I will attempt to extract any key aspects that can be used for identifying a more general relation between sickness and literature in the 19th and 20th Centuries. To achieve this aim, I will firstly scrutinize Kierkegaard’s posture, and then Kafka’s posture. Following this, I will compare the findings to draw general conclusions, En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la relación entre literatura y enfermedad, concentrando la atención en la perspectiva de Kierkegaard y de Kafka. Después de analizar la postura kierkegaardiana (Diarios, El concepto de Angustia y La enfermedad mortal) se pasa a la kafkiana (Diarios, Carta al padre y Cartas a Felice) y, finalmente, se comparan los resultados obtenidos. De este modo, se pueden apreciar las diferencias entre los dos planteamientos y, sucesivamente, utilizar los elementos en común para esbozar unas características interesantes sobre la relación entre literatura y enfermedad en los siglos XIX y XX en el contexto de influencia alemana. Esto nos lleva a reflexionar sobre las conexiones causales entre la enfermedad y la literatura, y sobre el contexto social o íntimo en el cual estas se desarrollan

Introduction: The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) is considered an essential tool in the association of the aesthetic and clinical elements of occlusion. It plays a key role in the timely and essential orthodontic treatment. Objective: to determine the orthodontic treatment required in students of a Peruvian public institution using the DAI. Material and Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out during the months of June to July 2016 in a Peruvian educational institution. The sample consisted of 120 students. The use of the DAI allowed to assess the orthodontic treatment required, through the 10 occlusal conditions and regression indicators that constitute a linear formula, with the following components: no treatment required, elective treatment, desirable treatment, and priority treatment, according to the severity of the malocclusion as normal, defined, severe, and very severe, respec tively. Results: 53.3% (64) of the students required priority orthodontic treatment due to presenting DAI=43.03. Between the ages of 12-14 years, 56.7% (34), 8.3% (5), and 28.3% (17) required priority, desirable, and elective orthodontic treatment, respectively. The need for priority orthodontic treatment was more prevalent in females accounting for 57.6% (38). 95% (57) of the students from rural areas required orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: The need for orthodontic treatment in a Peruvian sample using the Dental Aesthetic Index was priority orthodontic treatment, mostly in females with ages ranging between 12-14 years ., Introducción: El Índice Estético Dental (DAI) es considerada una herramienta indispensable en la aso-ciación de los elementos estéticos y clínicos de la oclusión, influyendo directamente en el tratamiento de ortodoncia oportuno y requerido. Objetivo: determinar el tratamiento de ortodoncia requerido en estudiantes de una institución pública peruana haciendo uso del DAI. Material y Métodos: Estudio de diseño descriptivo, observacional, con corte transversal, ejecutado durante los meses junio a julio de 2016, en una institución educativa peruana. La muestra fueron 120 estudiantes. La observación mediante el uso del instrumento DAI permitió valorar el tratamiento de ortodoncia requerido, mediante las 10 condiciones oclusales e indicadores de regresión que constituyen una fórmula lineal, con categorías de: No requiere tratamiento, tratamiento electivo, trata-miento deseable, tratamiento prioritario, de acuerdo a la severidad de la maloclusión presente como oclusión normal, definida, severa y muy severa, respectivamente. Resultados: Estudio de diseño descriptivo, observacional, con corte transversal, ejecutado durante los meses junio a julio de 2016, en una institución educativa peruana. La muestra fueron 120 estudiantes. La observación mediante el uso del instrumento DAI permitió valorar el tratamiento de ortodoncia requerido, mediante las 10 condiciones oclusales e indicadores de regresión que constituyen una fórmula lineal, con categorías de: No requiere tratamiento, tratamiento electivo, tratamiento deseable, tratamiento prioritario, de acuerdo a la severidad de la maloclusión presente como oclusión normal, definida, severa y muy severa, respectivamente. Conclusion: La necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico en una muestra peruana mediante el Índice Estético Dental fue tratamiento de ortodoncia prioritario, predominando el género femenino entre los 12 -14 a ñ o s .

Background: To correlate the need for orthodontic treatment between the self-perception of Chilean adolescents from 14 to 18 years old with the observation of a dentist using the same assessment scale, as well as to determine if covariates such as gender, age and type of school influence the self-perception of the adolescent and the examiner. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study of adolescents aged 14 to 18 years from public, subsidized and private schools in Temuco, Chile. The probability sample is stratified by course, from first to fourth year, a total of 414 students participated, according to the eligibility criteria. The photographic score of the aesthetic component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used. The statistical analysis of the data was performed with the SPSS Statistics program v.23. Results: 94.9% of the adolescents perceived themselves as having good aesthetics. The examiner considered that 77% presented this condition, p<0.00. Males perceived themselves better than females. At age 15, 1.7% of students considered themselves to have poor aesthetics, p<0.01. From the examiner's perspective, aesthetics are related to type of school, p<0.00. Conclusion: Adolescents perceive themselves better aesthetically than do the evaluators. The school type factor, according to the IOTN-AC examiner, shows a higher proportion of students with no need for orthodontic treatment in private schools, and a threshold need in municipal and subsidized institutions., Objetivo: Correlacionar la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico, entre la autopercepción de adolescentes con el diagnóstico de un evaluador odontólogo, utilizando la misma escala de valoración, así también determinar si las variables como el género, la edad y la dependencia educacional influyen en la autopercepción del adolescente y la observación del examinador. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en adolescentes de 14 a 18 años de escuelas públicas, subvencionadas y privadas de Temuco-Chile. Muestreo probabilístico estratificado por cursos, de primero a cuarto medio con una muestra de 414 estudiantes, según los criterios de elegibilidad. Se utilizó el score fotográfico del componente estético (AC) del Índice de Necesidad de Tratamiento de Ortodoncia (INTO). El análisis estadístico de los datos fue realizado con el programa SPSS Statistics v.23. Resultados: El 94,9% de los adolescentes se autoperciben con una buena estética, el examinador considera que un 77% presenta esta condición, p<0,00. Los varones se perciben mejor que las damas. Los adolescentes de 15 años un 1,7% considera tener mala estética, p<0,01. Desde la perspectiva del examinador la estética se relaciona con la dependencia educacional, p<0,01. Conclusión: Los adolescentes se autoperciben mejor estéticamente que lo diagnosticado por evaluadores odontólogos. El factor dependencia educacional según INTO-AC examinador, muestra mayor proporción de estudiantes sin necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico en los establecimientos privados, y necesidad límite en los públicos y subvencionados.

A gummy smile is a form of excessive gingival display when smiling. The excessive gingival display due to altered eruption is likely to benefit from crown lengthening surgery in order to restore the esthetic smile. Case Report: The potential complications of the crown lengthening surgery include possible esthetic deformities, dentine hypersensitivity, transient mobility, and root resorption. The present case report reveals a rare complication happened after an esthetic crown lengthening surgery which was performed to correct the gummy smile of a 37-year-old female. The patient experienced dull throbbing pain and mild tender to percussion on tooth 11, 3 weeks after the surgery, and the symptoms did not improve after the composite restorations were placed at the cervical regions. Instead, the tooth was tender to percussion and palpation with a sign of coronal discoloration. Pulp necrosis was confirmed with the clinical tests. A cone-beam computed tomography was taken after the root canal treatment, and apical fenestration on tooth 11 was noted. Therefore, this case report shows the possible correlation between crown lengthening surgery on a tooth with apical fenestration and pulp necrosis, if the apical vasculature is severed accidentally during the procedure. Conclusion: A cone-beam computed tomography should be considered prior to the surgery and extra precaution during the surgery may reduce the risk of severing the apical vasculature if apical fenestration is evidenced., Una sonrisa gingival es una forma de exhibición gingival excesiva al sonreír. Es probable que el despliegue gingival excesivo debido a una erupción alterada se beneficie de la cirugía de alargamiento de la corona para restaurar la sonrisa estética. Reporte de Caso: Las posibles complicaciones de la cirugía de alargamiento coronal incluyen posibles deformidades estéticas, hipersensibilidad de la dentina, movilidad transitoria y reabsorción radicular. El presente reporte de caso revela una rara complicación ocurrida luego de una cirugía estética de alargamiento coronal que fue realizada para corregir la sonrisa gingival de una mujer de 37 años. El paciente experimentó un dolor sordo pulsátil y leve sensibilidad a la percusión en el diente 11, tres semanas después de la cirugía, y los síntomas no mejoran después de que se colocaron las restauraciones de composite en las regiones cervicales. En cambio, el diente presentaba sensibilidad a la percusión y la palpación con signos de decoloración coronal. La necrosis pulpar se confirmó con pruebas clínicas. Se tomó una tomografía computarizada de haz cónico después del tratamiento del conducto radicular y se observó una fenestración apical en el diente 11. Por lo tanto, este reporte de caso muestra la posible correlación entre la cirugía de alargamiento de corona en un diente con fenestración apical y necrosis pulpar, si la vasculatura apical se corta accidentalmente durante el procedimiento. Conclusión: Se debe considerar una tomografía computarizada de haz cónico antes de la cirugía y una precaución adicional durante la cirugía puede reducir el riesgo de seccionar la vasculatura apical si se evidencia una fenestración apical.

Introduction: The post-crisis period may have had an impact on the body image of university students, after decades of progressive transformation in patterns of body aesthetics in Western countries. The objective of this study is to know the aesthetic practices of the students of the University of Alicante, their body self-perception and to compare the difference in the results of two surveys (2018 and 2003), and analyse if there are any differences according to sex and BMI. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive repeated cross-sectional study that uses a survey and quota sampling (by sex and field of study). The units of analysis are the University of Alicante’s bachelor’s and master’s degree students enrolled during the 2017/2018 school year (in 2003 these were students of the first and second cycles enrolled in the school year 2002/2003). Universe: 23,827 students in 2017 (28,483 in 2003). Sample size: 402 in 2017 and 375 in 2003. Results: 78.1% were satisfied with their own body (compared to 70% in 2003). 48.1% thought their weight was fine as it is (42.4% in 2003). In relation to the BMI, 40% have an unadjusted attitude towards reality, in 2003 this figure exceeded 50%.Conclusions: Students in 2018 showed of more satisfaction with their bodies and seemed to perceive less pressure to be thin compared to 2003. Also, there is an adjustment between genders., Introducción: Tras décadas de progresiva transformación de los patrones de estética corporal, el período poscrisis puede haber alterado ese proceso. Uno de los segmentos poblacionales que puede estar más afectado por esas transformaciones es el alumnado universitario. Los objetivos del presente estudio son conocer las prácticas estéticas del alumnado de la Universidad de Ali-cante (UA), conocer la autopercepción del propio cuerpo, establecer diferencias en función del sexo y del IMC, y comparar los resultados de la encuesta de 2018 con una equiparable de 2003. Material y Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal repetido, cuya estrategia de in-vestigación es la encuesta. El tipo de muestreo es por cuotas (sexo y rama de estudios). La unidad de análisis son alumnos de grado y máster de la UA matriculados durante el curso 2017/2018 (en 2003 eran alumnos de 1º y 2º ciclos de la UA matriculados durante el curso 2002/2003). Universo poblacional: 23.827 alumnos (en 2003 eran 28.483). Tamaño de la muestra: 402 (en 2003 eran 375). Resultados: El 78,1% está satisfecho con su propio cuerpo (70% en 2003); el 48,1% cree que su peso debería ser como el actual (42,4% en 2003). En relación al IMC, el 40% tiene una actitud desajustada con la realidad, en 2003 esta cifra superaba el 50%. Conclusiones: En 2018 se ha constatado una mayor satisfacción con el propio cuerpo y una au-topercepción menos sometida a la presión del ideal de delgadez con respecto al 2003. Asimismo, se aprecia un ajuste entre sexos.

Introducción: tras décadas de progresiva transformación de los patrones de estética corporal, el período poscrisis puede haber alterado ese proceso. Uno de los segmentos poblacionales que puede estar más afectado por esas transformaciones es el alumnado universitario. Los objetivos del presente estudio son conocer las prácticas estéticas del alumnado de la Universidad de Alicante (UA), conocer la autopercepción del propio cuerpo, establecer diferencias en función del sexo y del IMC, y comparar los resultados de la encuesta de 2018 con una equiparable de 2003. Material y métodos: se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal repetido, cuya estrategia de investigación es la encuesta. El tipo de muestreo es por cuotas (sexo y rama de estudios). La unidad de análisis son alumnos de grado y máster de la UA matriculados durante el curso 2017/2018 (en 2003 eran alumnos de 1º y 2º ciclos de la UA matriculados durante el curso 2002/2003). Universo poblacional: 23.827 alumnos (en 2003 eran 28.483). Tamaño de la muestra: 402 (en 2003 eran 375). Resultados: el 78,1% está satisfecho con su propio cuerpo (70% en 2003); el 48,1% cree que su peso debería ser como el actual (42,4% en 2003). En relación al IMC, el 40% tiene una actitud desajustada con la realidad, en 2003 esta cifra superaba el 50%. Conclusiones: en 2018 se ha constatado una mayor satisfacción con el propio cuerpo y una autopercepción menos sometida a la presión del ideal de delgadez con respecto al 2003. Asimismo, se aprecia un ajuste entre sexos., Introduction: The post-crisis period may have had an impact on the body image of university students, after decades of progressive transformation in patterns of body aesthetics in Western countries. The objective of this study is to know the aesthetic practices of the students of the University of Alicante, their body self-perception and to compare the difference in the results of two surveys (2018 and 2003), and analyse if there are any differences according to sex and BMI. Material and methods: This is a descriptive repeated cross-sectional study that uses a survey and quota sampling (by sex and field of study). The units of analysis are the University of Alicante’s bachelor’s and master’s degree students enrolled during the 2017/2018 school year (in 2003 these were students of the first and second cycles enrolled in the school year 2002/2003). Universe: 23,827 students in 2017 (28,483 in 2003). Sample size: 402 in 2017 and 375 in 2003. Results: 78.1% were satisfied with their own body (compared to 70% in 2003). 48.1% thought their weight was fine as it is (42.4% in 2003). In relation to the BMI, 40% have an unadjusted attitude towards reality, in 2003 this figure exceeded 50%. Conclusions: Students in 2018 showed of more satisfaction with their bodies and seemed to perceive less pressure to be thin compared to 2003. Also, there is an adjustment between genders.

To date, research on the user experience of Virtual Reality (VR) games is sparse even though VR and immersive gaming experiences are emerging as a substantial consumer based within the videogame industry. Using facial electromyography and skin conductance response measurement, the current research presents the first psychophysiological evidence to show that: (1) VR games may heighten affective responses such as fear and arousal; (2) different levels of immersion in various gameplay modes may evoke higher affective responses; and (3) these heightened affective responses significantly correlate with users’ experience of enjoyment at the precise onset of the affective response. Due to the second-by-second nature of psychophysiological measurement, the study's findings also pinpoint a specific sequence (i.e., entrapment in a dark room) within the gameplay that significantly evoked nearly 2.5-times higher fear with arousal as well as enjoyment. These findings contribute to the ongoing study of VR in the fields of media psychology, media studies, human-computer interaction studies, and marketing by demonstrating the strong link between immersion, affective responses, and positive user experience toward a horror VR game and their marketing implications.

The severity of preoperative symptoms at which patients are likely to achieve a minimal important change and patient acceptable symptom state after surgery may help the decision to perform surgery for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. The study objective was to define these thresholds for pain at rest and during activities as well as for the brief Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire. One hundred and fifty-one patients were examined before surgery and 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. The minimal important change after surgery was 1.9, 3.9 and 16 scores for pain at rest, pain during activities and the brief Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, respectively. The respective patient acceptable symptom state values were 1.5, 2.5 and 70 after surgery. Our results show that patients with baseline pain values between 3.5 and 5.5 at rest, between 6.5 and 7.5 during activities and a presurgery brief Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire score of about 47, have the greatest chance of achieving a relevant symptom change and an acceptable symptom state. The information from this study may help surgeons in deciding the surgical indications and help patients in their expectation in symptom relief after surgery. Level of evidence: IV.

Background/Aim: Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are the most common neoplasms worldwide and their incidence has been proven to increase in recent years and their treatment should aim at cancer cure as well as cosmetic and functional results. The aim of the study was to report the results of our mono-institutional series of high-dose-rate radiotherapy (cHDR-RT) in NMSC, based on a homogenous technique and two different treatment schedules. Patients and Methods: All patients affected by NMSC who were consecutively evaluated and treated at our Interventional Oncology Center from October 2018 to August 2020, were included. Patients underwent cHDR-RT using flap applicators and remotely afterloaded Ir-192 sources. Results: Overall, 51 patients were treated for a total of 67 lesions. Local control (LC) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were 94.0% and 100%, respectively. Grade 1, grade 2, grade 3 and grade 4 acute toxicity rates were 24.6%, 3.5%, 3.5%, and 0.0%, respectively. The cosmetic results were graded as excellent/good, fair, and poor in 73.7%, 19.3%, and 7.0%. Conclusion: cHDR-RT of NMSC is an effective alternative to surgery due to excellent outcomes both in terms of local control and aesthetic results especially in the face.

Introduction: The desire to improve one’s physical appearance through simple and economical methods has resulted in the indiscriminate application of modeling substances. As a result, iatrogenic allogenosis has emerged as an increasingly prevalent disease in Latin America.Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics and adverse effects arising from the use of modeling substances in a group of patients from Cali, Colombia.Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of patients who consulted for complications arising from the use of modeling substances during a six-year period.Results: A total of 1,322 patients were included of whom 95.5% were women. Patients’ ages ranged from 19 to 83 years, with an average of 39 years. The most infiltrated anatomical site showing adverse effects due to modeling substances was the buttocks. The asymmetry and increased volume of the infiltrated site were the most common signs while pain, mood disturbances, and depression or anxiety were the most commonly perceived symptoms. A total of 41.8% of patients ignored what substances they had received, and 28.5% received biopolymers; these procedures were mostly performed by non-qualified personnel.Conclusions: The care of these patients requires multidisciplinary teams to establish treatment alternatives to improve their quality of life. In addition, the regulation of establishments, as well as the surveillance, inspection, and control of the imports and use of these substances should be warranted., Introducción. El deseo de mejorar la apariencia física mediante métodos sencillos y económicos, ha generado la aplicación indiscriminada de sustancias modelantes y, con ello, el surgimiento de la alogenosis iatrogénica, enfermedad cada vez más prevalente en Latinoamérica.Objetivo. Describir las características epidemiológicas y los efectos adversos de las sustancias modelantes en un grupo de pacientes de Cali, Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una revisión retrospectiva de las historias clínicas de los pacientes que acudieron a consulta por complicaciones producidas por sustancias modelantes durante un sexenio.Resultados. Se incluyeron 1.322 pacientes, 95,5 % de ellos mujeres. Las edades oscilaron entre los 19 y los 83 años, con una media de 39 años. El sitio anatómico de infiltración con sustancias modelantes con mayor frecuencia de efectos adversos, fueron los glúteos. La asimetría y el aumento del volumen en el sitio infiltrado fueron los signos más comunes, en tanto que el dolor, las alteraciones del ánimo y la depresión o la ansiedad fueron los síntomas más percibidos. El 33,6 % de los pacientes desconocía la sustancia aplicada y el 28,1 % refirió haberse aplicado biopolímeros. La mayoría de estos procedimientos estuvo a cargo de personal sin la debida formación.Conclusiones. Estos pacientes requieren la atención de equipos multidisciplinarios para establecer alternativas de tratamiento que mejoren su calidad de vida. Además, se necesitan la regulación de los establecimientos, y las medidas de vigilancia, inspección y control en la importación y el uso de estas sustancias.

In this article we compare two traditional aesthetic landscape assessment models, the psychophysical model and the psychological model. Our aim is to determine how close both theoretical frameworks are and to what extent they produce similar results, both thematically and spatially. We conduct the psychophysical model using a mapping procedure based on the use of geographic information systems, and the psychological one through a public participation geographic information system, and compare both using spatial analysis techniques. The results indicate that the two models produce divergent results, although both tend to coincide in locating positive ratings. The psychological model generates more and better ratings. Also, a correlation is revealed between the places visited by the users and the places with the best assessment. The main reason for the divergence between the two models is their different rationale. Neither model must be understood as a replacement for the other, but rather as a complement to each other, because together they generate information that cannot be provided separately.