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Unit testing is a fundamental practice in software development and the goal is to create a test suite that tests the robustness of the software. It is challenging to create a test suite that covers every possible input to a system which can lead to security flaws not being detected. Fuzz testing is a technique that creates randomly generated, or fuzzy, input with the goal to uncover these areas of the input space potentially missed by the unit test suite. EtherNet/IP is an industrial communications protocol built on top of the TCP/IP suite. HMS Anybus develops hardware to use in secure networks in industrial settings utilizing the EtherNet/IP protocol. This report outlines the development of a Scapy-based fuzz testing tool capable of testing the implementation of the protocol on HMS devices. Additionally we propose a strategy for how the tool can be deployed in future testing. The resulting fuzz testing tool is capable of creating packets containing selected commands’ encapsulation headers and layering them with command specific data fields. These packets can be filled with static or fuzzy input depending on user configuration. The tool is implemented with the intention of providing HMS the capability for conducting fuzz testing. The report mentions multiple improvements that can be made using A.I. assisted generation of test cases and how the tool can be scaled in the future. This thesis project is a proof of concept that using Scapy to create a fuzz testing tool tailored to the EtherNet/IP protocol is possible.

Testing, verification and validation of sensors, components and systems is vital in the early-stage development of new cars with computer-in-the-car architecture. This can be done with the help of the existing technique, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing which, in the close loop testing case, consists of four main parts: Real-Time Simulation Platform, Sensor Simulation PC, Interface Unit (IU), and unit under test which is, for instance, a Vehicle Computing Unit (VCU). The purpose of this degree project is to research and develop a proof of concept for in-house development of an image injection solution (IIS) on the IU in the HIL testing environment. A proof of concept could confirm that editing, customizing, and having full control of the IU is a possibility. This project was initiated by Volvo Cars to optimize the use of the HIL testing environment currently available, making the environment more changeable and controllable while the IIS remains a static system. The IU is an MPSoC/FPGA based design that uses primarily Xilinx hardware and software (Vivado/Vitis) to achieve the necessary requirements for image injection in the HIL testing environment. It consists of three stages in series: input, image processing, and output. The whole project was divided in three parts based on the three stages and carried out at Volvo Cars in cooperation by three students, respectively. The author of this thesis was responsible for the output stage, where the main goal was to find a solution for converting, preferably, AXI4 RAW12 image data into data on CSI2 format. This CSI2 data can then be used as input to serializers, which in turn transmit the data via fiber-optic cable on GMSL2 format to the VCU. Associated with the output stage, extensive simulations and hardware tests have been done on a preliminary solution that partially worked on the hardware, producing signals in parts of the design that could be read and analyzed. However, a final definite solution that fully function

Rockfall, which is the detachment of rocks from a mountain, is a major hazard in the mining industry. To help combat this issue, this thesis aims to develop a sensor platform that is able to detect both the potential risk for rockfall and if any rocks do hit the ground. The platform requires wireless communication in order to output relevant information and in order to be part of an IoT-network of sensors.The design of the platform used three different sensors, a geophone, an accelerometer and a microphone. The main focus of the design process was to keep the platform low power, enabling long operation times. The final design had data output from both the microphone and accelerometer, with the accelerometer able to pick up the impact from a falling barbell. Wireless transmission of data is possible for up to 7.5 meters using Bluetooth Low Energy. The low power design was met, with an average current consumption of 26 milliamperes during transmission using Bluetooth Low Energy. That gives a theoretical operation time of 27 days with the battery used. As the accelerometer can pick up a falling object and with a theoretical lifetime of 27 days for the platform, it can be argued that the goals, except for detecting potential risk for rockfall, were met. In order to properly function, however, the platform needs more development, but the most important conclusion of the work is that it seems possible to build this type of platform. Further research and development outside the scope of the thesis is connecting several platforms together.

Testing, verification and validation of sensors, components and systems is vital in the early-stage development of new cars with computer-in-the-car architecture. This can be done with the help of the existing technique, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing which, in the close loop testing case, consists of four main parts: Real-Time Simulation Platform, Sensor Simulation PC, Interface Unit (IU), and unit under test which is, for instance, a Vehicle Computing Unit (VCU). The purpose of this degree project is to research and develop a proof of concept for in-house development of an image injection solution (IIS) on the IU in the HIL testing environment. A proof of concept could confirm that editing, customizing, and having full control of the IU is a possibility. This project was initiated by Volvo Cars to optimize the use of the HIL testing environment currently available, making the environment more changeable and controllable while the IIS remains a static system. The IU is an MPSoC/FPGA based design that uses primarily Xilinx hardware and software (Vivado/Vitis) to achieve the necessary requirements for image injection in the HIL testing environment. It consists of three stages in series: input, image processing, and output. The whole project was divided in three parts based on the three stages and carried out at Volvo Cars in cooperation by three students, respectively. The author of this thesis was responsible for the output stage, where the main goal was to find a solution for converting, preferably, AXI4 RAW12 image data into data on CSI2 format. This CSI2 data can then be used as input to serializers, which in turn transmit the data via fiber-optic cable on GMSL2 format to the VCU. Associated with the output stage, extensive simulations and hardware tests have been done on a preliminary solution that partially worked on the hardware, producing signals in parts of the design that could be read and analyzed. However, a final definite solution that fully function

Rockfall, which is the detachment of rocks from a mountain, is a major hazard in the mining industry. To help combat this issue, this thesis aims to develop a sensor platform that is able to detect both the potential risk for rockfall and if any rocks do hit the ground. The platform requires wireless communication in order to output relevant information and in order to be part of an IoT-network of sensors.The design of the platform used three different sensors, a geophone, an accelerometer and a microphone. The main focus of the design process was to keep the platform low power, enabling long operation times. The final design had data output from both the microphone and accelerometer, with the accelerometer able to pick up the impact from a falling barbell. Wireless transmission of data is possible for up to 7.5 meters using Bluetooth Low Energy. The low power design was met, with an average current consumption of 26 milliamperes during transmission using Bluetooth Low Energy. That gives a theoretical operation time of 27 days with the battery used. As the accelerometer can pick up a falling object and with a theoretical lifetime of 27 days for the platform, it can be argued that the goals, except for detecting potential risk for rockfall, were met. In order to properly function, however, the platform needs more development, but the most important conclusion of the work is that it seems possible to build this type of platform. Further research and development outside the scope of the thesis is connecting several platforms together.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) has been the traditional approach for configuring and monitoring network devices, but its limitations in security and automation have driven the exploration of alternative solutions. The Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) and Yet Another Next Generation (YANG) data modeling language significantly improve security and automation capabilities. This thesis aims to investigate the feasibility of implementing a NETCONF server on the Anybus CompactCom (ABCC) Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Security module, an embedded device with limited processing power and memory, running on a custom operating system, and using open source projects with MbedTLS as the cryptographic primitive library. The project will assess implementing a YANG model to describe the ABCC’s configurable interface, connecting with a NETCONF client to exchange capabilities, monitoring specific attributes or interfaces on the device, and invoking remote procedure call (RPC) commands to configure the ABCC settings. The goal is to provide a proof of concept and contribute to the growing trend of adopting NETCONF and YANG in the industry, particularly for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) platform of Hardware Meets Software (HMS).

Embedded Internet of Things (IoT) products are taking up a larger part of the market thanks to smaller, cheaper and more advanced components. For companies that spend time and resources on developing software for these products, it is important to keep that software secure to maintain the advantage gained. This can be done in multiple ways, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. One way is by utilizing code obfuscation to make the software more difficult to understand and therefore harder to reverse engineer. However, changing the code comes at a cost, this thesis aims to find out what that cost is. This is done by comparing two versions of code: the original code and its obfuscated version. These versions were compared with respect to execution time and readability. The results of the tests indicate a small increase in execution time for the obfuscated version, but it also showed a big increase in how difficult it was to read. This means that obfuscating code will have a small performance penalty, but is much more resilient to reverse engineering. It is also important no note that manually obfuscating code is not practical for a production environment, since a large part of the development time will be spent on obfuscating the code instead of improving it. Therefore, it is important to have an automated obfuscation tool., Inbyggda IoT produkter tar upp en större del av marknaden tackvare billigare, mindre och mer avancerade komponenter. För företagen som spenderar tid och resurser på att utveckla mjukvara till dessa produkter är det viktikgt att hålla den mjukvaran säker. Detta kan göras på många olika sätt, varje med sina fördelar och nackdelar. Ett sätt är att använda kodobfuskering för att göra mjukvaran svårare att förstå och darmed svårare att baklängeskonstruera (reverse engineer). Men, att ändra koden kommer med ett pris, denna uppsats försöker hitta vad den kostnaden är. Detta görs genom att gämföra två versioner av kod: orginalet och en obfuskerad version av den. Dessa versioner gämförs sedan på exekveringstid och lasbarhet. Resultatet av testet visar en liten ökning i exekveringstid för den obfuskerade versionen, men en stor ökning i hur svår den är att förstå. Detta betyder att obfuskerad kod kommer ha en lite sämre prestanda, men är mycket med tålig för baklängeskonstruktion (reverse engineering). Det är också viktigt att påpeka att manuell kod obfuskering inte är praktiskt för en produktionsmiljö, då mycket tid kommer läggas på att obfuskera koden istället för att förbättra den. Därför är det viktigt att ha ett aotumatisk obfuskerings verktyg.

Steganography is a technique that hides confidential information (which we call cover) in some other data without leaving any clear proof of data manipulation. All traditional steganographic techniques have limited ability to hide information. They can hide only 10% (or less) of the cover data. Although most recent research has focused on hiding data in images, many image solutions are more complex when applied as a cover to natural language text. Different applications are used by different requirements of well-known text steganography algorithms. We require both ultimate hidden and a huge amount of confidential data to be concealed which is defined by a shared petition. There are many approaches in steganography that try to detect statistical discrepancies in coverage in which availability of hidden information is predicted. Writings covering natural language must not only automatically collect analytical data, but also transmit it to the human reader’s minds.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) has been the traditional approach for configuring and monitoring network devices, but its limitations in security and automation have driven the exploration of alternative solutions. The Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) and Yet Another Next Generation (YANG) data modeling language significantly improve security and automation capabilities. This thesis aims to investigate the feasibility of implementing a NETCONF server on the Anybus CompactCom (ABCC) Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Security module, an embedded device with limited processing power and memory, running on a custom operating system, and using open source projects with MbedTLS as the cryptographic primitive library. The project will assess implementing a YANG model to describe the ABCC’s configurable interface, connecting with a NETCONF client to exchange capabilities, monitoring specific attributes or interfaces on the device, and invoking remote procedure call (RPC) commands to configure the ABCC settings. The goal is to provide a proof of concept and contribute to the growing trend of adopting NETCONF and YANG in the industry, particularly for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) platform of Hardware Meets Software (HMS).

Analyzing food consumption patterns can provide valuable insights into the development of obesity and eating disorders. The detection and quantification of chewing strokes are essential to facilitate this analysis. One approach to food intake analysis involves evaluating chewing sounds generated during the eating process. These sounds were recorded by microphones placed to the user’s outer ear canal. Aside from discovering the most accurate solution, the algorithms used must demonstrate sufficient efficiency to operate on low-power embedded ear-worn hardware. Three algorithms for automated chewing detection were evaluated with the help of two datasets. The first dataset consists of the food intake sounds from the consumption of three types of food. The second dataset consists of environmental noise. The data were manually labeled by recognizing mastication sounds’ visual and audio characteristics. Precision of over 80% was achieved by all algorithms in the dataset consisting of only chewing sounds. Finally, an efficient solution has been developed to distinguish between speech and chewing sounds., CSE3000 Research Project, Computer Science and Engineering

Traditional time series forecasting models often use all available variables, including potentially irrelevant or noisy features, which can lead to overfitting and poor performance. Feature selection can help address this issue by selecting the most informative variables in the temporal and feature dimensions. However, selecting the right features can be challenging for time series models. Embedded feature selection has been a popular approach, but many techniques do not include it in their design, including deep learning methods, which can lead to less efficient and effective feature selection. This paper presents a deep learning-based method for time series forecasting that incorporates feature selection to improve model efficacy and interpretability. The proposed method uses a multidimensional layer to remove irrelevant features along the temporal dimension. The resulting model is compared to several feature selection methods and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can improve forecasting accuracy while reducing model complexity.

Traditional time series forecasting models often use all available variables, including potentially irrelevant or noisy features, which can lead to overfitting and poor performance. Feature selection can help address this issue by selecting the most informative variables in the temporal and feature dimensions. However, selecting the right features can be challenging for time series models. Embedded feature selection has been a popular approach, but many techniques do not include it in their design, including deep learning methods, which can lead to less efficient and effective feature selection. This paper presents a deep learning-based method for time series forecasting that incorporates feature selection to improve model efficacy and interpretability. The proposed method uses a multidimensional layer to remove irrelevant features along the temporal dimension. The resulting model is compared to several feature selection methods and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can improve forecasting accuracy while reducing model complexity.

Smart keys are increasing in popularity due to the many benefits they bring. Access control and overview have never been more efficient than it is today. This thesis project automates the digital production of a new line of keys. Automating this production process improves the production in scalability, reliability, and efficiency. This report includes background research on critical components, methodologies to solve presented subproblems, the results of this project, and a discussion providing insight into the possible benefits of using an automated development line. This automation’s core elements are an integrated circuit holding a microcontroller, hardware components, and a graphical user interface. This project results in an automated production process capable of producing smart keys more efficiently than today. A report containing the most common errors using this production process and suggestions to improve scalability, reliability, and efficiency further., De många fördelar smarta nycklar bidrar med gör att de snabbt ökar i popularitet. Åtkomst och översikt över tillgång har aldrig varit så effektivt som det är idag. Detta examensarbete automatiserar den digitala produktionen av en ny serie elektroniska nycklar. Genom att automatisera den här processen kommer produktionens skalbarhet, pålitlighet och effektivitet att öka. Den här rapporten innehåller bakgrundsundersökningar gällande kritiska områden för utvecklingen, metoder för att lösa problemställningar, projektets resultat samt en diskussion gällande möjliga fördelar av produktionsautomatisering. Grundelementen i den här automatiseringen är ett kretskort med en mikrokontroller, hårdvarukomponenter samt ett grafiskt användargränssnitt. Projektet resulterar i en produktionsprocess kapabel att producera elektroniska nycklar effektivare än tidigare möjligt samt en rapport innehållande de mest förekommande produktionsfelen relaterade till den automatiserade processen. Rapporten innehåller även förslag på förbättringar för att ytterligare öka skalbarhet, pålitlighet och effektivitet.

With increasing popularity of indoor farming, more and more home growers are faced with sub-optimal lighting conditions in northern countries or poorly lit windows. We have designed and built a proof-of-concept system capable of reducing electricity cost and CO2 footprint of the electricity used for consumer grade grow lights without adversely impacting the grow cycle of the plant. Our system provides optimal grow light conditions for a given plant while using forecasts and live grid data from the ENTSO-E transparency platform to automatically use or store electricity during low-cost hours and avoid using grid electricity during high-cost hours, but can also be configured to prioritize electricity use when the available grid power’s carbon intensity is low. The system, consisting of a server and an embedded control unit, was designed and implemented according to Nunamaker and Chen’s five-step iterative systems development research method and later evaluated by simulating the system for 14 days using real world sunlight and grid data. The results of the simulation show a significant reduction in both spending and carbon emissions related to electricity use, with figures of 73% and 28%, respectively. However, when accounting for life-cycle cost and emissions from the battery, the prototype in its current configuration is neither profitable nor a net positive for the environment. With changes to battery type and taking advantage of economies of scale, a future version could be economically viable, but to be environmentally sustainable, further advances in eco-friendly battery production are needed.

Embedded system such as microcontrollers has become more powerful and cheaper during the past couple of years. This has led to more and more development of on-edge applications, one of which is anomaly detection using machine learning. This thesis investigates the ability to implement, deploy and run the unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm called Isolation Forest, and its modified version Mondrian Isolation Forest on a microcontroller. Both algorithms were successfully implemented and deployed. The regular Isolation Forest algorithm resulted in being able to function as an anomaly detection algorithm by using both data sets and streaming data. However, the Mondrian Isolation Forest was too resource hungry to be able to function as a proper anomaly detection application.

Smart keys are increasing in popularity due to the many benefits they bring. Access control and overview have never been more efficient than it is today. This thesis project automates the digital production of a new line of keys. Automating this production process improves the production in scalability, reliability, and efficiency. This report includes background research on critical components, methodologies to solve presented subproblems, the results of this project, and a discussion providing insight into the possible benefits of using an automated development line. This automation’s core elements are an integrated circuit holding a microcontroller, hardware components, and a graphical user interface. This project results in an automated production process capable of producing smart keys more efficiently than today. A report containing the most common errors using this production process and suggestions to improve scalability, reliability, and efficiency further., De många fördelar smarta nycklar bidrar med gör att de snabbt ökar i popularitet. Åtkomst och översikt över tillgång har aldrig varit så effektivt som det är idag. Detta examensarbete automatiserar den digitala produktionen av en ny serie elektroniska nycklar. Genom att automatisera den här processen kommer produktionens skalbarhet, pålitlighet och effektivitet att öka. Den här rapporten innehåller bakgrundsundersökningar gällande kritiska områden för utvecklingen, metoder för att lösa problemställningar, projektets resultat samt en diskussion gällande möjliga fördelar av produktionsautomatisering. Grundelementen i den här automatiseringen är ett kretskort med en mikrokontroller, hårdvarukomponenter samt ett grafiskt användargränssnitt. Projektet resulterar i en produktionsprocess kapabel att producera elektroniska nycklar effektivare än tidigare möjligt samt en rapport innehållande de mest förekommande produktionsfelen relaterade till den automatiserade processen. Rapporten innehåller även förslag på förbättringar för att ytterligare öka skalbarhet, pålitlighet och effektivitet.

With increasing popularity of indoor farming, more and more home growers are faced with sub-optimal lighting conditions in northern countries or poorly lit windows. We have designed and built a proof-of-concept system capable of reducing electricity cost and CO2 footprint of the electricity used for consumer grade grow lights without adversely impacting the grow cycle of the plant. Our system provides optimal grow light conditions for a given plant while using forecasts and live grid data from the ENTSO-E transparency platform to automatically use or store electricity during low-cost hours and avoid using grid electricity during high-cost hours, but can also be configured to prioritize electricity use when the available grid power’s carbon intensity is low. The system, consisting of a server and an embedded control unit, was designed and implemented according to Nunamaker and Chen’s five-step iterative systems development research method and later evaluated by simulating the system for 14 days using real world sunlight and grid data. The results of the simulation show a significant reduction in both spending and carbon emissions related to electricity use, with figures of 73% and 28%, respectively. However, when accounting for life-cycle cost and emissions from the battery, the prototype in its current configuration is neither profitable nor a net positive for the environment. With changes to battery type and taking advantage of economies of scale, a future version could be economically viable, but to be environmentally sustainable, further advances in eco-friendly battery production are needed.

Embedded system such as microcontrollers has become more powerful and cheaper during the past couple of years. This has led to more and more development of on-edge applications, one of which is anomaly detection using machine learning. This thesis investigates the ability to implement, deploy and run the unsupervised anomaly detection algorithm called Isolation Forest, and its modified version Mondrian Isolation Forest on a microcontroller. Both algorithms were successfully implemented and deployed. The regular Isolation Forest algorithm resulted in being able to function as an anomaly detection algorithm by using both data sets and streaming data. However, the Mondrian Isolation Forest was too resource hungry to be able to function as a proper anomaly detection application.

Cada impressora 3D fabricada actualment per BCN3D compta amb connectivitat amb el cloud. Per això cada impressora necessita un nombre de sèrie i claus úniques que han de ser instal·lades a la màquina en el darrer pas de la seva producció. Al marge d'això, també cal resetejar els seus valors de fàbrica després d'haver passat el testeig que es fa a cada màquina. Per complir amb aquest fi, actualment la línia de producció de BCN3D té un ordinador que mitjançant un terminal de Linux executa un bash script que realitza les rutines necessàries. Aquest procés pot ser tediós per a qualsevol persona que mai hagi interactuat amb una línia d'ordres. Aquest projecte té com a objectiu crear una interfície gràfica que pugui ser utilitzada per la línia de producció de BCN3D, per tal de facilitar el procés final de registre al cloud, instal·lació de certificats/número de sèrie en màquina i el seu reseteig de fàbrica. Això ajudarà l'operari a fer un procés més intuïtiu i menys propens a l'error humà. Un cop s'hagi complert el primer objectiu del projecte, es dissenyarà un sistema embegut per a l'aplicació. Per això se seleccionarà una SBC i mitjançant el projecte Yocto es desenvoluparà una distribució de Linux personalitzada per executar l'aplicació al maquinari seleccionat de la manera més eficient possible., Cada impresora 3D fabricada actualmente por BCN3D cuenta con conectividad con el cloud. Para ello cada impresora necesita un número de serie y claves únicas que deben ser instaladas en la máquina en el último paso de su producción. Al margen de esto, también es necesario resetear sus valores de fábrica después de haber pasado el testeo que se le hace a cada máquina. Para cumplir con este fin, actualmente la línea de producción de BCN3D tiene un ordenador que mediante un terminal de Linux ejecuta un bash script que realiza las rutinas necesarias. Este proceso puede ser tedioso para cualquier persona que nunca haya interactuado con una línea de comandos. Este proyecto tiene como objetivo crear una interfaz gráfica que pueda ser usada por la línea de producción de BCN3D, con tal de facilitar el proceso final de registro en el cloud, instalación de certificados/número de serie en máquina y su reseteo de fábrica. Esto ayudará al operario a realizar un proceso más intuitivo y menos propenso al error humano. Una vez se haya cumplido el primer objetivo del proyecto, se procederá a diseñar un sistema embebido para la aplicación. Para ello se seleccionará una SBC y mediante el proyecto Yocto se desarrollará una distribución de Linux personalizada para ejecutar la aplicación en el hardware seleccionado de la manera más eficiente posible., Every 3D printer currently manufactured by BCN3D has connectivity to the cloud. To accomplish this, each printer needs a serial number and unique keys that must be installed in the machine in the last step of its production. Apart from this, it is also necessary to reset its factory values ​ after having passed the testing that is done on each machine. To meet this goal, the BCN3D production line currently has a computer that, through a Linux terminal, executes a bash script that runs the necessary routines. This process can be tedious for anyone who has never interacted with a command line before. This project aims to create a graphical interface that can be used by the BCN3D production line, in order to facilitate the final process of registration in the cloud, installation of certificates/serial number on the machine and its factory reset. This will help the operator make the process more intuitive and less prone to human error. Once the first objective of the project has been fulfilled, an embedded system for the application will be designed. For this, an SBC will be selected and through the Yocto project a customized Linux distribution will be developed to run the application on the selected hardware in the most efficient way possible.

Recent developments in numerical simulations in the aerodynamics field are focused on reducing the computational cost of the solvers, targeting their use at the initial design steps. Under the right assumptions, potential solvers can be exploited to accomplish a valid solution of the flow field for streamlined bodies in subsonic and close to transonic flows. A fully embedded approach to solve the full-potential equation is presented, where both the geometry and the wake are defined implicitly with a level set function. Embedded methods allow simplifying the mesh generation process, as only a background mesh is required to perform the analysis. The presented method gives an automatic and fast option to solve subsonic flows, which is especially desirable in optimization workflows., This work has been supported by the European Commission through the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program under contract 800898 (ExaQUte project). The authors also acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness , through the “Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D” (CEX2018-000797-S)., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

[ES] Este trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar un sistema embebido que realice la medida de velocidad y par de un motor asincrónico del banco de ensayos de control de máquinas eléctricas. Este sistema permite la monitorización en el banco de ensayos con una pantalla LCD y mediante la conexión Bluetooth a una aplicación móvil, realizada con el kit de desarrollo Flutter, que facilita la toma, visualización y exportación de mediciones. Como software complementario, en el trabajo se desarrolla una plataforma para el internet de las cosas con una arquitectura de microservicios, donde los nodos registran sus mediciones y los usuarios de monitorización las visualizan desde una aplicación web SPA., [EN] The objectives of this project are the development of an embedded system that measures the speed and torque values of an induction motor at the electrical machines control test bench. These systems allow monitoring the test bench with an LCD screen and with a mobile application connected by the Bluetooth protocol to the embedded system. The application, made with Flutter SDK, eases the measurements, the visualization and the export of the data. In addition to the embedded system and the mobile application, this project develops an Internet of Things platform built with microservices, where the IoT nodes register their measurements and the monitoring users observe them in an SPA web application.

[ES] Este trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar un sistema embebido que realice la medida de velocidad y par de un motor asincrónico del banco de ensayos de control de máquinas eléctricas. Este sistema permite la monitorización en el banco de ensayos con una pantalla LCD y mediante la conexión Bluetooth a una aplicación móvil, realizada con el kit de desarrollo Flutter, que facilita la toma, visualización y exportación de mediciones. Como software complementario, en el trabajo se desarrolla una plataforma para el internet de las cosas con una arquitectura de microservicios, donde los nodos registran sus mediciones y los usuarios de monitorización las visualizan desde una aplicación web SPA., [EN] The objectives of this project are the development of an embedded system that measures the speed and torque values of an induction motor at the electrical machines control test bench. These systems allow monitoring the test bench with an LCD screen and with a mobile application connected by the Bluetooth protocol to the embedded system. The application, made with Flutter SDK, eases the measurements, the visualization and the export of the data. In addition to the embedded system and the mobile application, this project develops an Internet of Things platform built with microservices, where the IoT nodes register their measurements and the monitoring users observe them in an SPA web application.

[ES] El presente trabajo versa sobre la reducción de memoria en los módems MoCA de la compañía MaxLinear que incorporan soporte para el protocolo TR-069 o CWMP. Este protocolo permite gestionar remotamente los dispositivos conectados a una red a través de servidores de autoconfiguración o ACS. Estos dispositivos cuentan con una reducida memoria RAM y se ha detectado que dicho protocolo realiza un gran consumo de recursos. Con el fin de estudiar qué funciones están realizando un mayor consumo se ha puesto en marcha un simulador del dispositivo del cual se conocía su existencia pero no su estado ni cómo utilizarlo. Mediante la simulación se han llevado experimentos para conocer los consumos de memoria del cliente CWMP así como se ha desarrollado una propuesta que consiste en el envío fragmentado de los mensajes. La mejora presentada en este proyecto ha conseguido reducir en un 61% el uso de memoria realizado por el protocolo TR-069 en una operativa habitual., [EN] This work focuses on the memory reduction for MaxLinear’s MoCA modems that features TR-069 or CWMP protocol support. This protocol allows to remotely manage the network connected devices through an auto configuration server or ACS. These devices have a small amount of RAM memory and previous studies have detected that this protocol needs high amounts of resources. With the aim of studying which are the functions that have higher memory needs, a simulator has been used. Simulation allow us to launch several experiments to know memory consumptions and also helped with the development proposal that consists on a fragmented message sending. The proposal developed in this project has reduced by 61% the amount of memory need by TR-069 protocol during a normal operation mode.

[ES] El presente trabajo versa sobre la reducción de memoria en los módems MoCA de la compañía MaxLinear que incorporan soporte para el protocolo TR-069 o CWMP. Este protocolo permite gestionar remotamente los dispositivos conectados a una red a través de servidores de autoconfiguración o ACS. Estos dispositivos cuentan con una reducida memoria RAM y se ha detectado que dicho protocolo realiza un gran consumo de recursos. Con el fin de estudiar qué funciones están realizando un mayor consumo se ha puesto en marcha un simulador del dispositivo del cual se conocía su existencia pero no su estado ni cómo utilizarlo. Mediante la simulación se han llevado experimentos para conocer los consumos de memoria del cliente CWMP así como se ha desarrollado una propuesta que consiste en el envío fragmentado de los mensajes. La mejora presentada en este proyecto ha conseguido reducir en un 61% el uso de memoria realizado por el protocolo TR-069 en una operativa habitual., [EN] This work focuses on the memory reduction for MaxLinear’s MoCA modems that features TR-069 or CWMP protocol support. This protocol allows to remotely manage the network connected devices through an auto configuration server or ACS. These devices have a small amount of RAM memory and previous studies have detected that this protocol needs high amounts of resources. With the aim of studying which are the functions that have higher memory needs, a simulator has been used. Simulation allow us to launch several experiments to know memory consumptions and also helped with the development proposal that consists on a fragmented message sending. The proposal developed in this project has reduced by 61% the amount of memory need by TR-069 protocol during a normal operation mode.

[ES] Este trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar un sistema embebido que realice la medida de velocidad y par de un motor asincrónico del banco de ensayos de control de máquinas eléctricas. Este sistema permite la monitorización en el banco de ensayos con una pantalla LCD y mediante la conexión Bluetooth a una aplicación móvil, realizada con el kit de desarrollo Flutter, que facilita la toma, visualización y exportación de mediciones. Como software complementario, en el trabajo se desarrolla una plataforma para el internet de las cosas con una arquitectura de microservicios, donde los nodos registran sus mediciones y los usuarios de monitorización las visualizan desde una aplicación web SPA., [EN] The objectives of this project are the development of an embedded system that measures the speed and torque values of an induction motor at the electrical machines control test bench. These systems allow monitoring the test bench with an LCD screen and with a mobile application connected by the Bluetooth protocol to the embedded system. The application, made with Flutter SDK, eases the measurements, the visualization and the export of the data. In addition to the embedded system and the mobile application, this project develops an Internet of Things platform built with microservices, where the IoT nodes register their measurements and the monitoring users observe them in an SPA web application.

[ES] Este trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar un sistema embebido que realice la medida de velocidad y par de un motor asincrónico del banco de ensayos de control de máquinas eléctricas. Este sistema permite la monitorización en el banco de ensayos con una pantalla LCD y mediante la conexión Bluetooth a una aplicación móvil, realizada con el kit de desarrollo Flutter, que facilita la toma, visualización y exportación de mediciones. Como software complementario, en el trabajo se desarrolla una plataforma para el internet de las cosas con una arquitectura de microservicios, donde los nodos registran sus mediciones y los usuarios de monitorización las visualizan desde una aplicación web SPA., [EN] The objectives of this project are the development of an embedded system that measures the speed and torque values of an induction motor at the electrical machines control test bench. These systems allow monitoring the test bench with an LCD screen and with a mobile application connected by the Bluetooth protocol to the embedded system. The application, made with Flutter SDK, eases the measurements, the visualization and the export of the data. In addition to the embedded system and the mobile application, this project develops an Internet of Things platform built with microservices, where the IoT nodes register their measurements and the monitoring users observe them in an SPA web application.

[ES] El presente trabajo versa sobre la reducción de memoria en los módems MoCA de la compañía MaxLinear que incorporan soporte para el protocolo TR-069 o CWMP. Este protocolo permite gestionar remotamente los dispositivos conectados a una red a través de servidores de autoconfiguración o ACS. Estos dispositivos cuentan con una reducida memoria RAM y se ha detectado que dicho protocolo realiza un gran consumo de recursos. Con el fin de estudiar qué funciones están realizando un mayor consumo se ha puesto en marcha un simulador del dispositivo del cual se conocía su existencia pero no su estado ni cómo utilizarlo. Mediante la simulación se han llevado experimentos para conocer los consumos de memoria del cliente CWMP así como se ha desarrollado una propuesta que consiste en el envío fragmentado de los mensajes. La mejora presentada en este proyecto ha conseguido reducir en un 61% el uso de memoria realizado por el protocolo TR-069 en una operativa habitual., [EN] This work focuses on the memory reduction for MaxLinear’s MoCA modems that features TR-069 or CWMP protocol support. This protocol allows to remotely manage the network connected devices through an auto configuration server or ACS. These devices have a small amount of RAM memory and previous studies have detected that this protocol needs high amounts of resources. With the aim of studying which are the functions that have higher memory needs, a simulator has been used. Simulation allow us to launch several experiments to know memory consumptions and also helped with the development proposal that consists on a fragmented message sending. The proposal developed in this project has reduced by 61% the amount of memory need by TR-069 protocol during a normal operation mode.

In this study, the absence of enough usage of the agile methodology Test-driven development among embedded developers was highlighted, and a solution for getting more developers to start using that methodology was researched into. The research revolved around making the practice of unit testing, which is a large part of the test-driven development methodology, more available to developers by lowering the knowledge threshold of which unit testing framework to choose and how they work. The area of embedded development was narrowed down to the usage of microcontrollers and the development of software for those in the programming language C. This study managed to firstly gather the general opinion of developers of which the most sought after criteria was that a unit testing framework for embedded development should support. With the help of those criteria, an extensive comparison could be done between some of the most popular and recommended unit testing frameworks for embedded microcontroller development. The observations that was made during the experiment were then used to take away some lessons learned that could form recommendations containing information about which unit testing framework that should be used depending on which preferences a developer could have.

Im Flugzeug und im Automobil werden dem Piloten bzw. dem Fahrer immer mehr softwarebasierte Funktionen zur Verfügung gestellt. Dieser stetige Anstieg an Softwarefunktionen resultiert in einer steigenden Anzahl an dafür benötigten Steuergeräten. Als Kostenreduktion werden bereits heute Multicore-Prozessoren verwendet, auf welchen anschließend die entsprechenden Funktionen integriert (Hochintegration) werden. Um den Nutzungsgrad eines Multicore-Prozessors weiter zu verbessern, ist eine Alternative zu den bislang statisch konfigurierten Softwaresystemen erforderlich. Ausgangspunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit, bildet die Überlegung, dass viele Zusatzfunktionen während der Fahrt oder dem Flug nur phasenweise aktiv sind. Diese Arbeit beschreibt ein Konzept eines zur Laufzeit rekonfigurierbares Softwaresystem für Multicore-Embedded-Steuergeräte und dessen Referenzimplementierung. Durch die Berücksichtigung der phasenabhängigen Rechenzeit der ausgeführten Funktionen kann durch das beschriebene Konzept der Nutzungsgrad der Rechenleistung von hochintegrierten Steuergeräten weiter gesteigert werden.:1 Einleitung 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Praktisches Beispiel zur Verdeutlichung der Motivation 1.3 Zielsetzung 1.4 Aufbau der Arbeit 1.5 Zusammenfassung 2 Grundlagen 2.1 Eingebettete Steuergeräte 2.2 System Modell 2.3 Scheduling in Echtzeitsystemen 2.4 Knowledgebase 2.5 Linux für Echtzeitsysteme 3 Analyse der Zieldomänen und der Forschung 3.1 Stand der Technik 3.2 Stand der Forschung 3.3 Zusammenfassung 4 Anforderungen und Grundlagen von HAMS 4.1 Situationsanalyse der Zieldomänen 4.2 Anforderungen und Einschränkungen des HAMS-Konzepts 4.3 Phasen in Echtzeitsystemen 4.4 Zusammenfassung 5 Hierarchischer Aufbau der HAMS-Komponenten 5.1 Übersicht der HAMS-Komponenten 5.2 Second Level Scheduler (SLS) 5.3 First Level Scheduler (FLS) 5.4 HAMS Kommunikations API (HAPI) 5.5 Tasks in HAMS 5.6 Zusammenfassung 6 HAMS-Laufzeitumgebung und dessen dynamische Rekonfiguration 6.1 Systemmodi während der Laufzei

”Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes” är ett spel som normalt spelas med ”vitual reality”-glasögon på en spelkonsol. Spelet går ut på att två spelare ska sammabeta för att lösasex pussel på tid för att desarmera en bomb. En person ser bomben och ska förklarahur den ser ut för den andra personen som, med hjälp av en manual, ska berätta hurpusslet ska lösas baserat på utseendet. I denna rapport beskrivs utvecklingen av en fysiskvariant av detta spel. Utmaningen med att utveckla spelet var att designa inbyggdasystem som efterliknade det virtuella spelet så mycket som möjligt. I utvecklingeningick både design av elektriska kretsar och programmering av mikroprocessorer. Syftetmed rapporten är att ge ett exempel på hur en fysisk produkt kan utvecklas från envirtuell variant och vilka för- och nackdelar de båda varianterna kan ha. Resultatet frånprojektet blev ett spel som efterliknade den virtuella versionen med ett pussel, samt enkravspecifikation för vidare utveckling av pussel., ”Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes” är ett spel som normalt spelas med ”vitual reality”-glasögon på en spelkonsol. Spelet går ut på att två spelare ska sammabeta för att lösasex pussel på tid för att desarmera en bomb. En person ser bomben och ska förklarahur den ser ut för den andra personen som, med hjälp av en manual, ska berätta hurpusslet ska lösas baserat på utseendet. I denna rapport beskrivs utvecklingen av en fysiskvariant av detta spel. Utmaningen med att utveckla spelet var att designa inbyggdasystem som efterliknade det virtuella spelet så mycket som möjligt. I utvecklingeningick både design av elektriska kretsar och programmering av mikroprocessorer. Syftetmed rapporten är att ge ett exempel på hur en fysisk produkt kan utvecklas från envirtuell variant och vilka för- och nackdelar de båda varianterna kan ha. Resultatet frånprojektet blev ett spel som efterliknade den virtuella versionen med ett pussel, samt enkravspecifikation för vidare utveckling av pussel.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to use the Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH) additive manufacturing (AM) technique for manufacturing a liver phantom which can mimic the corresponding soft living tissue. One of the possible applications is surgical planning. Design/methodology/approach A thermo-reversible Pluronic® F-127-based support bath is used for the FRESH technique. To verify how three-dimensional (3D)-printed new materials can mimic liver tissue, dynamic mechanical analysis and oscillation shear rheometry tests are carried out to identify mechanical characteristics of different 3D printed silicone samples. Additionally, the differential scanning calorimetry was done on the silicone samples. Then, a validation of a 3D printed silicone liver phantom is performed with a 3D scanner. Finally, the surface topography of the 3D printed liver phantom was fulfiled and microscopy analysis of its surface. Findings Silicone samples were able to mimic the liver, therefore obtaining the first soft phantom of the liver using the FRESH technique. Practical implications Because of the use of soft silicones, surgeons could practice over these improved phantoms which have an unprecedented degree of living tissue mimicking, enhancing their rehearsal experience before surgery. Social implications An improvement in surgeons surgery skills would lead to a bettering in the patient outcome. Originality/value The first research study was carried out to mimic soft tissue and apply it to the 3D printing of organ phantoms using AM FRESH techni, Peer Reviewed, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i Benestar, Postprint (published version)

Cybersecurity is becoming vital as industries are gradually moving from automating physical processes to a higher level automation using cyber physical systems (CPS) and internet of things (IoT). In this context, security is becoming a continuous process that runs in parallel to other processes during the complete life cycle of a system. Traditional threat analysis methods use design models alongside threat models as an input for security analysis, hence missing the life-cycle-based dynamicity required by the security concern. In this paper, we argue for an attacker-aware systems modeling language that exposes the systems attack surfaces. For this purpose, we have designed Pimca, a domain specific modeling language geared towards capturing the attacker point of view of the system. This study introduces the formalism along with the Pimca workbench, a framework designed to ease the development and manipulation of the Pimca models. Finally, we present two relevant use cases, serving as a preliminary validation of our approach. © Copyright 2020 by SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved.

Im Flugzeug und im Automobil werden dem Piloten bzw. dem Fahrer immer mehr softwarebasierte Funktionen zur Verfügung gestellt. Dieser stetige Anstieg an Softwarefunktionen resultiert in einer steigenden Anzahl an dafür benötigten Steuergeräten. Als Kostenreduktion werden bereits heute Multicore-Prozessoren verwendet, auf welchen anschließend die entsprechenden Funktionen integriert (Hochintegration) werden. Um den Nutzungsgrad eines Multicore-Prozessors weiter zu verbessern, ist eine Alternative zu den bislang statisch konfigurierten Softwaresystemen erforderlich. Ausgangspunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit, bildet die Überlegung, dass viele Zusatzfunktionen während der Fahrt oder dem Flug nur phasenweise aktiv sind. Diese Arbeit beschreibt ein Konzept eines zur Laufzeit rekonfigurierbares Softwaresystem für Multicore-Embedded-Steuergeräte und dessen Referenzimplementierung. Durch die Berücksichtigung der phasenabhängigen Rechenzeit der ausgeführten Funktionen kann durch das beschriebene Konzept der Nutzungsgrad der Rechenleistung von hochintegrierten Steuergeräten weiter gesteigert werden.:1 Einleitung 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Praktisches Beispiel zur Verdeutlichung der Motivation 1.3 Zielsetzung 1.4 Aufbau der Arbeit 1.5 Zusammenfassung 2 Grundlagen 2.1 Eingebettete Steuergeräte 2.2 System Modell 2.3 Scheduling in Echtzeitsystemen 2.4 Knowledgebase 2.5 Linux für Echtzeitsysteme 3 Analyse der Zieldomänen und der Forschung 3.1 Stand der Technik 3.2 Stand der Forschung 3.3 Zusammenfassung 4 Anforderungen und Grundlagen von HAMS 4.1 Situationsanalyse der Zieldomänen 4.2 Anforderungen und Einschränkungen des HAMS-Konzepts 4.3 Phasen in Echtzeitsystemen 4.4 Zusammenfassung 5 Hierarchischer Aufbau der HAMS-Komponenten 5.1 Übersicht der HAMS-Komponenten 5.2 Second Level Scheduler (SLS) 5.3 First Level Scheduler (FLS) 5.4 HAMS Kommunikations API (HAPI) 5.5 Tasks in HAMS 5.6 Zusammenfassung 6 HAMS-Laufzeitumgebung und dessen dynamische Rekonfiguration 6.1 Systemmodi während der Laufzei

In this study, the absence of enough usage of the agile methodology Test-driven development among embedded developers was highlighted, and a solution for getting more developers to start using that methodology was researched into. The research revolved around making the practice of unit testing, which is a large part of the test-driven development methodology, more available to developers by lowering the knowledge threshold of which unit testing framework to choose and how they work. The area of embedded development was narrowed down to the usage of microcontrollers and the development of software for those in the programming language C. This study managed to firstly gather the general opinion of developers of which the most sought after criteria was that a unit testing framework for embedded development should support. With the help of those criteria, an extensive comparison could be done between some of the most popular and recommended unit testing frameworks for embedded microcontroller development. The observations that was made during the experiment were then used to take away some lessons learned that could form recommendations containing information about which unit testing framework that should be used depending on which preferences a developer could have.

Complex Embedded Systems rely heavily on sensors and actuators (CES). Catastrophic events can occur in these CES if the sensors or actuators malfunction. System performance can be severely impacted if a sensor or actuator malfunctions, which is difficult to detect. Integration testing of the 'Subsystem under test (SUT)' with sensors or actuators is necessary to ensure that the 'Embedded Processing Component (EPC)' meets specifications. In order to properly integrate sensors and actuators into the overall system, it is necessary to detect and correct any failure modes that may arise. Diagnosing a defective machine in a series of two CFSM requires conducting sensor/actuator integration testing within ES. The diagnostic methodology is utilised to find a solution to the problem at hand. Integrating sensors and actuators is just one part of the larger diagnostic challenge. It is becoming increasingly necessary in the age of IoT to have a solid foundation in areas such as signal processing, artificial intelligence, and multi-media communication in order to effectively use embedded systems based on mobile sensor technology. "Defective process " is used to describe a communication channel that has a faulty communication channel, which alters or possibly modifies events between the fault-free processes. The use of functional tests in integration testing ensures that the known and tested system requirements are appropriately identified. It is possible to determine whether an integration test is successful or unsuccessful by comparing the actual output with the expected response across a communication channel.

”Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes” är ett spel som normalt spelas med ”vitual reality”-glasögon på en spelkonsol. Spelet går ut på att två spelare ska sammabeta för att lösasex pussel på tid för att desarmera en bomb. En person ser bomben och ska förklarahur den ser ut för den andra personen som, med hjälp av en manual, ska berätta hurpusslet ska lösas baserat på utseendet. I denna rapport beskrivs utvecklingen av en fysiskvariant av detta spel. Utmaningen med att utveckla spelet var att designa inbyggdasystem som efterliknade det virtuella spelet så mycket som möjligt. I utvecklingeningick både design av elektriska kretsar och programmering av mikroprocessorer. Syftetmed rapporten är att ge ett exempel på hur en fysisk produkt kan utvecklas från envirtuell variant och vilka för- och nackdelar de båda varianterna kan ha. Resultatet frånprojektet blev ett spel som efterliknade den virtuella versionen med ett pussel, samt enkravspecifikation för vidare utveckling av pussel., ”Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes” är ett spel som normalt spelas med ”vitual reality”-glasögon på en spelkonsol. Spelet går ut på att två spelare ska sammabeta för att lösasex pussel på tid för att desarmera en bomb. En person ser bomben och ska förklarahur den ser ut för den andra personen som, med hjälp av en manual, ska berätta hurpusslet ska lösas baserat på utseendet. I denna rapport beskrivs utvecklingen av en fysiskvariant av detta spel. Utmaningen med att utveckla spelet var att designa inbyggdasystem som efterliknade det virtuella spelet så mycket som möjligt. I utvecklingeningick både design av elektriska kretsar och programmering av mikroprocessorer. Syftetmed rapporten är att ge ett exempel på hur en fysisk produkt kan utvecklas från envirtuell variant och vilka för- och nackdelar de båda varianterna kan ha. Resultatet frånprojektet blev ett spel som efterliknade den virtuella versionen med ett pussel, samt enkravspecifikation för vidare utveckling av pussel.

[ES] Este proyecto tiene el objetivo de desarrollar un módulos con la finalidad de ser usados para Playware (playware.elektro.dtu.dk) que formen parte de una red interactiva de nodos. El control de los módulos está dividido entre el software en las placas embebidas y el control de un smart device (Android tablet o teléfono) que se conecte a dicha red. El proyecto también examina la división de control entre los módulos individuales y el smart device, y el mejor protocolo de comunicación entre los dos. El enfoque principal es trabajar con software de bajo nivel para controlar los distintos sistemas embebidos, más específicamente usando el chip ESP que provee conectividad WiFi entre los distintos elementos que conforman la red. El proyecto también busca investigar los sensores y actuadores con el objetivo de crear experiencias Playware. Teniendo todo esto en cuenta, y después de probar y hacer la investigación correspondiente respecto a estos temas, unas demostraciones en real-time han sido creadas para explicar y expandir todas las cualidades del sistema diseñado, y han sido expuestas a debate durante la defensa oral. En el link que se adjunta a continuación, se enseñan las funcionalidades básicas del sistema desarrollado y algunas de las demos que se llevaron a cabo durante la defensa oral: https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=pACAOP43U20, [EN] This project has the objective of developing modular playware units that act as interactives nodes in a network. The control of the modules will be divided between on-board control on the embedded system modules and control from a network connected smart device (e.g. Android tablet or smartphone). This project also examines the division of control between the individual modules and the smart device, and the best protocol for communication between them. The focus is working in low level software for controlling the embedded systems, more specifically using the ESP chip which provides WiFi connectivity between devices as well as between devices and the Android device. The project also investigates the on-board sensors and actuators of the boards with the objective of providing playware experiences. Taking all of this into account, and after testing and researching about all these different topics, some real-time demonstrations have been created to expand all the capabilities and they will be exposed and bring up to discussion at the time of oral presentation.

FeS2 is a promising electrode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity, rich reserves, and eco-friendly nature. In this study, N and S doped (N, S-co-doped) carbon fibers (CFs) encapsulated FeS2 nanoparticles (5-12 nm) and adherent FeS2 nanoflakes (denoted as FeS2@CF-NS), were synthesized by electrostatic spinning and subsequent thermal treatment. In this structure, the FeS2 nanoparticles and the FeS2 nanoflakes shorten the Na+ diffusion distance; the N, S co-doping and defect-rich sites in the carbon fibers accelerate the Na+/e− transmission and buffer the volume expansion during the Na-FeS2 conversion reaction. These merits synergistically contribute to the notable sodium storage performance of FeS2@CF-NS. As anode for Na-ion half batteries, the FeS2@CF-NS exhibits high capacity (637.1 mAh/g at 1 A/g after 400 cycles) and excellent rate capacity (431.1 mAh/g at 5 A/g). Kinetic analysis confirms that this composite structure stimulates the pseudocapacitance Na+ storage mechanism and enables a capacitive contribution ratio as high as 92.7% with respect to the total capacity. In combination with Na3V2(PO4)3-C cathode, the FeS2@CF-NS also achieves remarkably high specific capacity (561.1 mAh/g at 1 A/g after 500 cycles) and stable cyclability (338.6 mAh/g at 5 A/g after 5000 cycles) in full cells.

FeS2 is a promising electrode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity, rich reserves, and eco-friendly nature. In this study, N and S doped (N, S-co-doped) carbon fibers (CFs) encapsulated FeS2 nanoparticles (5-12 nm) and adherent FeS2 nanoflakes (denoted as FeS2@CF-NS), were synthesized by electrostatic spinning and subsequent thermal treatment. In this structure, the FeS2 nanoparticles and the FeS2 nanoflakes shorten the Na+ diffusion distance; the N, S co-doping and defect-rich sites in the carbon fibers accelerate the Na+/e− transmission and buffer the volume expansion during the Na-FeS2 conversion reaction. These merits synergistically contribute to the notable sodium storage performance of FeS2@CF-NS. As anode for Na-ion half batteries, the FeS2@CF-NS exhibits high capacity (637.1 mAh/g at 1 A/g after 400 cycles) and excellent rate capacity (431.1 mAh/g at 5 A/g). Kinetic analysis confirms that this composite structure stimulates the pseudocapacitance Na+ storage mechanism and enables a capacitive contribution ratio as high as 92.7% with respect to the total capacity. In combination with Na3V2(PO4)3-C cathode, the FeS2@CF-NS also achieves remarkably high specific capacity (561.1 mAh/g at 1 A/g after 500 cycles) and stable cyclability (338.6 mAh/g at 5 A/g after 5000 cycles) in full cells.

[ES] Este proyecto tiene el objetivo de desarrollar un módulos con la finalidad de ser usados para Playware (playware.elektro.dtu.dk) que formen parte de una red interactiva de nodos. El control de los módulos está dividido entre el software en las placas embebidas y el control de un smart device (Android tablet o teléfono) que se conecte a dicha red. El proyecto también examina la división de control entre los módulos individuales y el smart device, y el mejor protocolo de comunicación entre los dos. El enfoque principal es trabajar con software de bajo nivel para controlar los distintos sistemas embebidos, más específicamente usando el chip ESP que provee conectividad WiFi entre los distintos elementos que conforman la red. El proyecto también busca investigar los sensores y actuadores con el objetivo de crear experiencias Playware. Teniendo todo esto en cuenta, y después de probar y hacer la investigación correspondiente respecto a estos temas, unas demostraciones en real-time han sido creadas para explicar y expandir todas las cualidades del sistema diseñado, y han sido expuestas a debate durante la defensa oral. En el link que se adjunta a continuación, se enseñan las funcionalidades básicas del sistema desarrollado y algunas de las demos que se llevaron a cabo durante la defensa oral: https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=pACAOP43U20, [EN] This project has the objective of developing modular playware units that act as interactives nodes in a network. The control of the modules will be divided between on-board control on the embedded system modules and control from a network connected smart device (e.g. Android tablet or smartphone). This project also examines the division of control between the individual modules and the smart device, and the best protocol for communication between them. The focus is working in low level software for controlling the embedded systems, more specifically using the ESP chip which provides WiFi connectivity between devices as well as between devices and the Android device. The project also investigates the on-board sensors and actuators of the boards with the objective of providing playware experiences. Taking all of this into account, and after testing and researching about all these different topics, some real-time demonstrations have been created to expand all the capabilities and they will be exposed and bring up to discussion at the time of oral presentation.

[ES] Este proyecto tiene el objetivo de desarrollar un módulos con la finalidad de ser usados para Playware (playware.elektro.dtu.dk) que formen parte de una red interactiva de nodos. El control de los módulos está dividido entre el software en las placas embebidas y el control de un smart device (Android tablet o teléfono) que se conecte a dicha red. El proyecto también examina la división de control entre los módulos individuales y el smart device, y el mejor protocolo de comunicación entre los dos. El enfoque principal es trabajar con software de bajo nivel para controlar los distintos sistemas embebidos, más específicamente usando el chip ESP que provee conectividad WiFi entre los distintos elementos que conforman la red. El proyecto también busca investigar los sensores y actuadores con el objetivo de crear experiencias Playware. Teniendo todo esto en cuenta, y después de probar y hacer la investigación correspondiente respecto a estos temas, unas demostraciones en real-time han sido creadas para explicar y expandir todas las cualidades del sistema diseñado, y han sido expuestas a debate durante la defensa oral. En el link que se adjunta a continuación, se enseñan las funcionalidades básicas del sistema desarrollado y algunas de las demos que se llevaron a cabo durante la defensa oral: https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=pACAOP43U20, [EN] This project has the objective of developing modular playware units that act as interactives nodes in a network. The control of the modules will be divided between on-board control on the embedded system modules and control from a network connected smart device (e.g. Android tablet or smartphone). This project also examines the division of control between the individual modules and the smart device, and the best protocol for communication between them. The focus is working in low level software for controlling the embedded systems, more specifically using the ESP chip which provides WiFi connectivity between devices as well as between devices and the Android device. The project also investigates the on-board sensors and actuators of the boards with the objective of providing playware experiences. Taking all of this into account, and after testing and researching about all these different topics, some real-time demonstrations have been created to expand all the capabilities and they will be exposed and bring up to discussion at the time of oral presentation.

Today the majority of embedded software is written in C or C++ using the thread paradigm. C and C++ are memory unsafe programming languages that often appear in CVE (Common Vulnerability and Exploits) reports. Threads are a popular concurrency paradigm in SMP (Symmetric Multi Processor) systems; however, threads can deadlock and are hard to statically analyze for schedulability. At the same time, security is becoming more and more important thanks to the exponential grow of IoT (Internet of Things) devices; meanwhile, vendors are starting to ship more and more heterogeneous multi-core devices where the thread paradigm can not be applied. In this thesis, we present an alternative programming framework for building real time, safety critical and general purpose embedded software that is memory safe by construction and suitable for single-core, homogeneous multi-core and heterogeneous multi-core systems.

This thesis investigates the use of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to implement a time-to-digital converter (TDC) with on-chip calibration and temperature correction.Using carry-chains on the Xilinx Kintex UltraScale architecture to create a tapped delay line (TDL) has previously been proven to give good time resolution.This project improves the resolution further by using a bit-counter to handle bubbles in the TDL without removing any taps.The bit counter also adds the possibility of using a wave-union approach previously dismissed as unusable on this architecture.The final implementation achieves an RMS resolution of 1.8 ps.

Aquest llibre és per tot aquell que amb coneixements de programació en llenguatge C, coneixements d'arquitectures de computadors, coneixements mínims de HW i electrònica vulgui endinsar-se en la programació de sistemes encastats basats en microcontroladors.

Rural school districts across the nation have been at a crossroads for decades. The amount of funding and resources provided to these small towns is often meager and falls short to provide the schools and students with the proper education, teacher training, curriculum, building maintenance, and other necessary educational materials. School officials and board members in these areas across the nation each year have had to make the hard decisions of what to prioritize and what will have to fall by the wayside. Unfortunately, cuts in budgetary and educational reform have regularly faced music education programs and it has become easier and easier for these school districts to reduce prioritization of the arts. However, since the rural education districts make up approximately one-third of the nation’s schools, this is no longer something that can be ignored. While funding issues may not have easy solutions, and families sometimes do not have the choice or opportunity to move their child into a district with ample funding, a bridge needs to be built. Statistics show that students who have an opportunity to express themselves in this artistic manner in school are happier, more willing to complete work in other subject areas, and excited to attend school each day. This study seeks to offer realistic solutions to the lack of music education opportunities in these rural elementary environments. This study aims to demonstrate that with the careful selection of music curriculum that works to embed the skills of music with other necessary skills in other subject areas, professionals in these rural school environments can bring the enrichment of music education to the general classroom no matter the educator’s musical skill level. We are a nation that seeks to constantly find ways to approach standards from cross-curricular foundations where students can be introduced to necessary skill sets from a variety of perspectives and subject areas. This can also be true for the arts a

This thesis investigates the use of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to implement a time-to-digital converter (TDC) with on-chip calibration and temperature correction.Using carry-chains on the Xilinx Kintex UltraScale architecture to create a tapped delay line (TDL) has previously been proven to give good time resolution.This project improves the resolution further by using a bit-counter to handle bubbles in the TDL without removing any taps.The bit counter also adds the possibility of using a wave-union approach previously dismissed as unusable on this architecture.The final implementation achieves an RMS resolution of 1.8 ps.

Today the majority of embedded software is written in C or C++ using the thread paradigm. C and C++ are memory unsafe programming languages that often appear in CVE (Common Vulnerability and Exploits) reports. Threads are a popular concurrency paradigm in SMP (Symmetric Multi Processor) systems; however, threads can deadlock and are hard to statically analyze for schedulability. At the same time, security is becoming more and more important thanks to the exponential grow of IoT (Internet of Things) devices; meanwhile, vendors are starting to ship more and more heterogeneous multi-core devices where the thread paradigm can not be applied. In this thesis, we present an alternative programming framework for building real time, safety critical and general purpose embedded software that is memory safe by construction and suitable for single-core, homogeneous multi-core and heterogeneous multi-core systems.

FeS2 is a promising electrode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity, rich reserves, and eco-friendly nature. In this study, N and S doped (N, S-co-doped) carbon fibers (CFs) encapsulated FeS2 nanoparticles (5-12 nm) and adherent FeS2 nanoflakes (denoted as FeS2@CF-NS), were synthesized by electrostatic spinning and subsequent thermal treatment. In this structure, the FeS2 nanoparticles and the FeS2 nanoflakes shorten the Na+ diffusion distance; the N, S co-doping and defect-rich sites in the carbon fibers accelerate the Na+/e− transmission and buffer the volume expansion during the Na-FeS2 conversion reaction. These merits synergistically contribute to the notable sodium storage performance of FeS2@CF-NS. As anode for Na-ion half batteries, the FeS2@CF-NS exhibits high capacity (637.1 mAh/g at 1 A/g after 400 cycles) and excellent rate capacity (431.1 mAh/g at 5 A/g). Kinetic analysis confirms that this composite structure stimulates the pseudocapacitance Na+ storage mechanism and enables a capacitive contribution ratio as high as 92.7% with respect to the total capacity. In combination with Na3V2(PO4)3-C cathode, the FeS2@CF-NS also achieves remarkably high specific capacity (561.1 mAh/g at 1 A/g after 500 cycles) and stable cyclability (338.6 mAh/g at 5 A/g after 5000 cycles) in full cells.

Disseny i implementació d'una màquina sistema de venda automatitzat. Aquest sistema s'utilitzarà per servir productes en format líquid o gasos i inclourà tot el funcionament entre les peticions d'una interfície gràfica d'usuari (recollides a través d'una API) i la configuració i gestió del hardware que serveixi els productes. El desenvolupament es durà a terme sobre una distribució de Linux personalitzada i gestionarà la informació comunicant-se amb un servidor de base de dades extern.