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AIM: To analyse and characterize the pattern of working and mobile phone usage distances for common users of electronic devices and computers. METHODS: Transversal descriptive study consisting of a screening campaign evaluating the visual status of different professionals working with computers or electronic devices more than 2h per day. A total of 100 healthy patients with a mean age of 41.2 (range: 20-62) years were revised and subdivided according to job subgroups. A battery of screening tests was performed to all participants in a single session at the working environment of each of them, including measurement of the working distance (WD), arm length, and mobile phone usage distances (MPUD). RESULTS: The WD was significantly longer than MPUD (61.22±12.35 vs 32.22±6.35 cm; P<0.001). Likewise, MPUD was significantly shorter than the arm length (74.44±4.65 cm; P<0.001). A total of 4% (4/100) and 91% (91/100) of patients had a WD and MPUD of 40 cm or below, respectively. A weak although statistically significant correlation was found between WD and MPUD (r=0.387, P<0.001) as well as between WD and arm length (r=0.260, P=0.009). Statistically significant differences were detected among job subgroups in WD (P=0.021), being longer for militaries compared to university researchers and lecturers (P=0.025). CONCLUSION: Working and mobile phone usage distances vary significantly among common users of computers and digital devices, although the use of mobile phones tends to be performed at significantly closer distances. This parameter should be considered when planning any type of optical correction, especially for presbyopia.

The purpose of this study is to design and implement an electronic glove to improve productivity and safety in the industrial workshop of the INEM Educational Institution in the city of Monteria, Cordoba. This research was guided by the following stages, first, the application of surveys before and after the implementation of the electronic device, with the purpose of determining the impact of this in relation to the productivity of the tasks and the well-being of the operators of the industrial workshop. Next, the development of a web application that stores the data collected by the electronic glove to allow a better management of the information. The research yielded optimal results that demonstrate the relevant intervention that this type of technology has within the optimization of industrial tasks, in terms of time management, inventory management and ease in the handling of the different tools of the workshop; along with the efficient management of information, this because it caused a better manageability of processes and items, as well as offering a new innovative and creative tool for the industry., El presente estudio tiene como propósito diseñar e implementar un guante electrónico, para favorecer la productividad y seguridad en las tareas del taller industrial de la Institución Educativa INEM de la Ciudad de Montería, Córdoba, en Colombia. Esta investigación es de tipo tecnológico-descriptivo y estuvo guiada por una etapa de encuestas, antes y después de la implementación del dispositivo electrónico, con el propósito de determinar su impacto en relación con la productividad de las tareas y el bienestar de los operarios del taller industrial, y seguidamente, el desarrollo de una aplicación web que almacena los datos recogidos por el guante electrónico, para permitir una mejor administración de la información. La investigación arrojó resultados alentadores que demuestran la intervención relevante que tiene este tipo de tecnología dentro de la optimización de las labores industriales, en cuanto al manejo del tiempo, la gestión de inventarios, facilidad en la manipulación de las distintas herramientas del taller, junto con la gestión eficiente de la información, debido a que provocó un mejor manejo de los procesos y de los artículos, así como el ofrecimiento de una herramienta innovadora y creativa para la industria.

People who carry out various activities tend to suffer from stress and anxiety due to a lot of pressure, which can cause muscle tension, headache-neck pain and other factors; This has a negative influence on their daily life and in the future. A person who constantly suffers from stress can develop heart disease, skin disease, high blood pressure and even obesity. This research is based on the development of a device for relaxation through pressure points for people with stress and anxiety. A bibliographical study on pressure points in the hand throughout history was elaborated, which includes the most used and recommended techniques for the effectiveness of relaxation. The comparative methodology was used where functionality, cost and reliability were evaluated. As a result of the tests, it is concluded that the device is a glove that meets the expectations of the patients, relaxing them., As pessoas que realizam várias actividades tendem a sofrer de stress e ansiedade devido a muita pressão, o que pode causar tensão muscular, dores de cabeça e pescoço e outros factores; isto tem uma influência negativa na sua vida quotidiana e no futuro. Uma pessoa que sofre constantemente de stress pode desenvolver doenças cardíacas, doenças de pele, tensão arterial elevada e mesmo obesi-dade. Esta investigação baseia-se no desenvolvimento de um dispositivo de relaxamento através de pontos de pressão para pessoas com stress e ansiedade. Foi elaborado um estudo bibliográfico sobre os pontos de pressão na mão ao longo da história, que inclui as técnicas mais utilizadas e recomendadas para a eficácia do relaxamento. A metodologia comparativa foi utilizada onde a funcionalidade, o custo e a fiabilidade foram avaliados. Como resultado dos testes, concluiu-se que o aparelho é uma luva que satisfaz as expectativas dos pacientes, relaxando-os., Las personas que realizan diversas actividades tienden a sufrir estrés y ansiedad por mucha presión lo que puede ocasionar tensión muscular, dolor de cabeza-cuello y otros factores; esto influye de forma negativa en su vida cotidiana y a futuro. Una persona que sufre constantemente de estrés puede llegar a sufrir enfermedades cardiacas, enfermedades de la piel, presión arterial alta e inclusive obesidad. La presente investigación está basada en el desarrollo un dispositivo para relajación mediante puntos de presión a personas con estrés y ansiedad. Se elaboró un estudio bibliográfico sobre puntos de presión en la mano a través de la historia que incluye técnicas más usadas y recomendadas para la eficacia de la relajación. Se usó la metodología comparativa en donde se evaluó la funcionalidad, el costo y la confiabilidad. Como resultado de las pruebas se concluye que el dispositivo es un guante que cumple con las expectativas de los pacientes llegando a relajarlos.

People who carry out various activities tend to suffer from stress and anxiety due to a lot of pressure, which can cause muscle tension, headache-neck pain and other factors; This has a negative influence on their daily life and in the future. A person who constantly suffers from stress can develop heart disease, skin disease, high blood pressure and even obesity. This research is based on the development of a device for relaxation through pressure points for people with stress and anxiety. A bibliographical study on pressure points in the hand throughout history was elaborated, which includes the most used and recommended techniques for the effectiveness of relaxation. The comparative methodology was used where functionality, cost and reliability were evaluated. As a result of the tests, it is concluded that the device is a glove that meets the expectations of the patients, relaxing them., As pessoas que realizam várias actividades tendem a sofrer de stress e ansiedade devido a muita pressão, o que pode causar tensão muscular, dores de cabeça e pescoço e outros factores; isto tem uma influência negativa na sua vida quotidiana e no futuro. Uma pessoa que sofre constantemente de stress pode desenvolver doenças cardíacas, doenças de pele, tensão arterial elevada e mesmo obesi-dade. Esta investigação baseia-se no desenvolvimento de um dispositivo de relaxamento através de pontos de pressão para pessoas com stress e ansiedade. Foi elaborado um estudo bibliográfico sobre os pontos de pressão na mão ao longo da história, que inclui as técnicas mais utilizadas e recomendadas para a eficácia do relaxamento. A metodologia comparativa foi utilizada onde a funcionalidade, o custo e a fiabilidade foram avaliados. Como resultado dos testes, concluiu-se que o aparelho é uma luva que satisfaz as expectativas dos pacientes, relaxando-os., Las personas que realizan diversas actividades tienden a sufrir estrés y ansiedad por mucha presión lo que puede ocasionar tensión muscular, dolor de cabeza-cuello y otros factores; esto influye de forma negativa en su vida cotidiana y a futuro. Una persona que sufre constantemente de estrés puede llegar a sufrir enfermedades cardiacas, enfermedades de la piel, presión arterial alta e inclusive obesidad. La presente investigación está basada en el desarrollo un dispositivo para relajación mediante puntos de presión a personas con estrés y ansiedad. Se elaboró un estudio bibliográfico sobre puntos de presión en la mano a través de la historia que incluye técnicas más usadas y recomendadas para la eficacia de la relajación. Se usó la metodología comparativa en donde se evaluó la funcionalidad, el costo y la confiabilidad. Como resultado de las pruebas se concluye que el dispositivo es un guante que cumple con las expectativas de los pacientes llegando a relajarlos.

People who carry out various activities tend to suffer from stress and anxiety due to a lot of pressure, which can cause muscle tension, headache-neck pain and other factors; This has a negative influence on their daily life and in the future. A person who constantly suffers from stress can develop heart disease, skin disease, high blood pressure and even obesity. This research is based on the development of a device for relaxation through pressure points for people with stress and anxiety. A bibliographical study on pressure points in the hand throughout history was elaborated, which includes the most used and recommended techniques for the effectiveness of relaxation. The comparative methodology was used where functionality, cost and reliability were evaluated. As a result of the tests, it is concluded that the device is a glove that meets the expectations of the patients, relaxing them., As pessoas que realizam várias actividades tendem a sofrer de stress e ansiedade devido a muita pressão, o que pode causar tensão muscular, dores de cabeça e pescoço e outros factores; isto tem uma influência negativa na sua vida quotidiana e no futuro. Uma pessoa que sofre constantemente de stress pode desenvolver doenças cardíacas, doenças de pele, tensão arterial elevada e mesmo obesi-dade. Esta investigação baseia-se no desenvolvimento de um dispositivo de relaxamento através de pontos de pressão para pessoas com stress e ansiedade. Foi elaborado um estudo bibliográfico sobre os pontos de pressão na mão ao longo da história, que inclui as técnicas mais utilizadas e recomendadas para a eficácia do relaxamento. A metodologia comparativa foi utilizada onde a funcionalidade, o custo e a fiabilidade foram avaliados. Como resultado dos testes, concluiu-se que o aparelho é uma luva que satisfaz as expectativas dos pacientes, relaxando-os., Las personas que realizan diversas actividades tienden a sufrir estrés y ansiedad por mucha presión lo que puede ocasionar tensión muscular, dolor de cabeza-cuello y otros factores; esto influye de forma negativa en su vida cotidiana y a futuro. Una persona que sufre constantemente de estrés puede llegar a sufrir enfermedades cardiacas, enfermedades de la piel, presión arterial alta e inclusive obesidad. La presente investigación está basada en el desarrollo un dispositivo para relajación mediante puntos de presión a personas con estrés y ansiedad. Se elaboró un estudio bibliográfico sobre puntos de presión en la mano a través de la historia que incluye técnicas más usadas y recomendadas para la eficacia de la relajación. Se usó la metodología comparativa en donde se evaluó la funcionalidad, el costo y la confiabilidad. Como resultado de las pruebas se concluye que el dispositivo es un guante que cumple con las expectativas de los pacientes llegando a relajarlos.

People who carry out various activities tend to suffer from stress and anxiety due to a lot of pressure, which can cause muscle tension, headache-neck pain and other factors; This has a negative influence on their daily life and in the future. A person who constantly suffers from stress can develop heart disease, skin disease, high blood pressure and even obesity. This research is based on the development of a device for relaxation through pressure points for people with stress and anxiety. A bibliographical study on pressure points in the hand throughout history was elaborated, which includes the most used and recommended techniques for the effectiveness of relaxation. The comparative methodology was used where functionality, cost and reliability were evaluated. As a result of the tests, it is concluded that the device is a glove that meets the expectations of the patients, relaxing them., As pessoas que realizam várias actividades tendem a sofrer de stress e ansiedade devido a muita pressão, o que pode causar tensão muscular, dores de cabeça e pescoço e outros factores; isto tem uma influência negativa na sua vida quotidiana e no futuro. Uma pessoa que sofre constantemente de stress pode desenvolver doenças cardíacas, doenças de pele, tensão arterial elevada e mesmo obesi-dade. Esta investigação baseia-se no desenvolvimento de um dispositivo de relaxamento através de pontos de pressão para pessoas com stress e ansiedade. Foi elaborado um estudo bibliográfico sobre os pontos de pressão na mão ao longo da história, que inclui as técnicas mais utilizadas e recomendadas para a eficácia do relaxamento. A metodologia comparativa foi utilizada onde a funcionalidade, o custo e a fiabilidade foram avaliados. Como resultado dos testes, concluiu-se que o aparelho é uma luva que satisfaz as expectativas dos pacientes, relaxando-os., Las personas que realizan diversas actividades tienden a sufrir estrés y ansiedad por mucha presión lo que puede ocasionar tensión muscular, dolor de cabeza-cuello y otros factores; esto influye de forma negativa en su vida cotidiana y a futuro. Una persona que sufre constantemente de estrés puede llegar a sufrir enfermedades cardiacas, enfermedades de la piel, presión arterial alta e inclusive obesidad. La presente investigación está basada en el desarrollo un dispositivo para relajación mediante puntos de presión a personas con estrés y ansiedad. Se elaboró un estudio bibliográfico sobre puntos de presión en la mano a través de la historia que incluye técnicas más usadas y recomendadas para la eficacia de la relajación. Se usó la metodología comparativa en donde se evaluó la funcionalidad, el costo y la confiabilidad. Como resultado de las pruebas se concluye que el dispositivo es un guante que cumple con las expectativas de los pacientes llegando a relajarlos.

People who carry out various activities tend to suffer from stress and anxiety due to a lot of pressure, which can cause muscle tension, headache-neck pain and other factors; This has a negative influence on their daily life and in the future. A person who constantly suffers from stress can develop heart disease, skin disease, high blood pressure and even obesity. This research is based on the development of a device for relaxation through pressure points for people with stress and anxiety. A bibliographical study on pressure points in the hand throughout history was elaborated, which includes the most used and recommended techniques for the effectiveness of relaxation. The comparative methodology was used where functionality, cost and reliability were evaluated. As a result of the tests, it is concluded that the device is a glove that meets the expectations of the patients, relaxing them., As pessoas que realizam várias actividades tendem a sofrer de stress e ansiedade devido a muita pressão, o que pode causar tensão muscular, dores de cabeça e pescoço e outros factores; isto tem uma influência negativa na sua vida quotidiana e no futuro. Uma pessoa que sofre constantemente de stress pode desenvolver doenças cardíacas, doenças de pele, tensão arterial elevada e mesmo obesi-dade. Esta investigação baseia-se no desenvolvimento de um dispositivo de relaxamento através de pontos de pressão para pessoas com stress e ansiedade. Foi elaborado um estudo bibliográfico sobre os pontos de pressão na mão ao longo da história, que inclui as técnicas mais utilizadas e recomendadas para a eficácia do relaxamento. A metodologia comparativa foi utilizada onde a funcionalidade, o custo e a fiabilidade foram avaliados. Como resultado dos testes, concluiu-se que o aparelho é uma luva que satisfaz as expectativas dos pacientes, relaxando-os., Las personas que realizan diversas actividades tienden a sufrir estrés y ansiedad por mucha presión lo que puede ocasionar tensión muscular, dolor de cabeza-cuello y otros factores; esto influye de forma negativa en su vida cotidiana y a futuro. Una persona que sufre constantemente de estrés puede llegar a sufrir enfermedades cardiacas, enfermedades de la piel, presión arterial alta e inclusive obesidad. La presente investigación está basada en el desarrollo un dispositivo para relajación mediante puntos de presión a personas con estrés y ansiedad. Se elaboró un estudio bibliográfico sobre puntos de presión en la mano a través de la historia que incluye técnicas más usadas y recomendadas para la eficacia de la relajación. Se usó la metodología comparativa en donde se evaluó la funcionalidad, el costo y la confiabilidad. Como resultado de las pruebas se concluye que el dispositivo es un guante que cumple con las expectativas de los pacientes llegando a relajarlos.

People who carry out various activities tend to suffer from stress and anxiety due to a lot of pressure, which can cause muscle tension, headache-neck pain and other factors; This has a negative influence on their daily life and in the future. A person who constantly suffers from stress can develop heart disease, skin disease, high blood pressure and even obesity. This research is based on the development of a device for relaxation through pressure points for people with stress and anxiety. A bibliographical study on pressure points in the hand throughout history was elaborated, which includes the most used and recommended techniques for the effectiveness of relaxation. The comparative methodology was used where functionality, cost and reliability were evaluated. As a result of the tests, it is concluded that the device is a glove that meets the expectations of the patients, relaxing them., As pessoas que realizam várias actividades tendem a sofrer de stress e ansiedade devido a muita pressão, o que pode causar tensão muscular, dores de cabeça e pescoço e outros factores; isto tem uma influência negativa na sua vida quotidiana e no futuro. Uma pessoa que sofre constantemente de stress pode desenvolver doenças cardíacas, doenças de pele, tensão arterial elevada e mesmo obesi-dade. Esta investigação baseia-se no desenvolvimento de um dispositivo de relaxamento através de pontos de pressão para pessoas com stress e ansiedade. Foi elaborado um estudo bibliográfico sobre os pontos de pressão na mão ao longo da história, que inclui as técnicas mais utilizadas e recomendadas para a eficácia do relaxamento. A metodologia comparativa foi utilizada onde a funcionalidade, o custo e a fiabilidade foram avaliados. Como resultado dos testes, concluiu-se que o aparelho é uma luva que satisfaz as expectativas dos pacientes, relaxando-os., Las personas que realizan diversas actividades tienden a sufrir estrés y ansiedad por mucha presión lo que puede ocasionar tensión muscular, dolor de cabeza-cuello y otros factores; esto influye de forma negativa en su vida cotidiana y a futuro. Una persona que sufre constantemente de estrés puede llegar a sufrir enfermedades cardiacas, enfermedades de la piel, presión arterial alta e inclusive obesidad. La presente investigación está basada en el desarrollo un dispositivo para relajación mediante puntos de presión a personas con estrés y ansiedad. Se elaboró un estudio bibliográfico sobre puntos de presión en la mano a través de la historia que incluye técnicas más usadas y recomendadas para la eficacia de la relajación. Se usó la metodología comparativa en donde se evaluó la funcionalidad, el costo y la confiabilidad. Como resultado de las pruebas se concluye que el dispositivo es un guante que cumple con las expectativas de los pacientes llegando a relajarlos.

People who carry out various activities tend to suffer from stress and anxiety due to a lot of pressure, which can cause muscle tension, headache-neck pain and other factors; This has a negative influence on their daily life and in the future. A person who constantly suffers from stress can develop heart disease, skin disease, high blood pressure and even obesity. This research is based on the development of a device for relaxation through pressure points for people with stress and anxiety. A bibliographical study on pressure points in the hand throughout history was elaborated, which includes the most used and recommended techniques for the effectiveness of relaxation. The comparative methodology was used where functionality, cost and reliability were evaluated. As a result of the tests, it is concluded that the device is a glove that meets the expectations of the patients, relaxing them., As pessoas que realizam várias actividades tendem a sofrer de stress e ansiedade devido a muita pressão, o que pode causar tensão muscular, dores de cabeça e pescoço e outros factores; isto tem uma influência negativa na sua vida quotidiana e no futuro. Uma pessoa que sofre constantemente de stress pode desenvolver doenças cardíacas, doenças de pele, tensão arterial elevada e mesmo obesi-dade. Esta investigação baseia-se no desenvolvimento de um dispositivo de relaxamento através de pontos de pressão para pessoas com stress e ansiedade. Foi elaborado um estudo bibliográfico sobre os pontos de pressão na mão ao longo da história, que inclui as técnicas mais utilizadas e recomendadas para a eficácia do relaxamento. A metodologia comparativa foi utilizada onde a funcionalidade, o custo e a fiabilidade foram avaliados. Como resultado dos testes, concluiu-se que o aparelho é uma luva que satisfaz as expectativas dos pacientes, relaxando-os., Las personas que realizan diversas actividades tienden a sufrir estrés y ansiedad por mucha presión lo que puede ocasionar tensión muscular, dolor de cabeza-cuello y otros factores; esto influye de forma negativa en su vida cotidiana y a futuro. Una persona que sufre constantemente de estrés puede llegar a sufrir enfermedades cardiacas, enfermedades de la piel, presión arterial alta e inclusive obesidad. La presente investigación está basada en el desarrollo un dispositivo para relajación mediante puntos de presión a personas con estrés y ansiedad. Se elaboró un estudio bibliográfico sobre puntos de presión en la mano a través de la historia que incluye técnicas más usadas y recomendadas para la eficacia de la relajación. Se usó la metodología comparativa en donde se evaluó la funcionalidad, el costo y la confiabilidad. Como resultado de las pruebas se concluye que el dispositivo es un guante que cumple con las expectativas de los pacientes llegando a relajarlos.

People who carry out various activities tend to suffer from stress and anxiety due to a lot of pressure, which can cause muscle tension, headache-neck pain and other factors; This has a negative influence on their daily life and in the future. A person who constantly suffers from stress can develop heart disease, skin disease, high blood pressure and even obesity. This research is based on the development of a device for relaxation through pressure points for people with stress and anxiety. A bibliographical study on pressure points in the hand throughout history was elaborated, which includes the most used and recommended techniques for the effectiveness of relaxation. The comparative methodology was used where functionality, cost and reliability were evaluated. As a result of the tests, it is concluded that the device is a glove that meets the expectations of the patients, relaxing them., As pessoas que realizam várias actividades tendem a sofrer de stress e ansiedade devido a muita pressão, o que pode causar tensão muscular, dores de cabeça e pescoço e outros factores; isto tem uma influência negativa na sua vida quotidiana e no futuro. Uma pessoa que sofre constantemente de stress pode desenvolver doenças cardíacas, doenças de pele, tensão arterial elevada e mesmo obesi-dade. Esta investigação baseia-se no desenvolvimento de um dispositivo de relaxamento através de pontos de pressão para pessoas com stress e ansiedade. Foi elaborado um estudo bibliográfico sobre os pontos de pressão na mão ao longo da história, que inclui as técnicas mais utilizadas e recomendadas para a eficácia do relaxamento. A metodologia comparativa foi utilizada onde a funcionalidade, o custo e a fiabilidade foram avaliados. Como resultado dos testes, concluiu-se que o aparelho é uma luva que satisfaz as expectativas dos pacientes, relaxando-os., Las personas que realizan diversas actividades tienden a sufrir estrés y ansiedad por mucha presión lo que puede ocasionar tensión muscular, dolor de cabeza-cuello y otros factores; esto influye de forma negativa en su vida cotidiana y a futuro. Una persona que sufre constantemente de estrés puede llegar a sufrir enfermedades cardiacas, enfermedades de la piel, presión arterial alta e inclusive obesidad. La presente investigación está basada en el desarrollo un dispositivo para relajación mediante puntos de presión a personas con estrés y ansiedad. Se elaboró un estudio bibliográfico sobre puntos de presión en la mano a través de la historia que incluye técnicas más usadas y recomendadas para la eficacia de la relajación. Se usó la metodología comparativa en donde se evaluó la funcionalidad, el costo y la confiabilidad. Como resultado de las pruebas se concluye que el dispositivo es un guante que cumple con las expectativas de los pacientes llegando a relajarlos.

People who carry out various activities tend to suffer from stress and anxiety due to a lot of pressure, which can cause muscle tension, headache-neck pain and other factors; This has a negative influence on their daily life and in the future. A person who constantly suffers from stress can develop heart disease, skin disease, high blood pressure and even obesity. This research is based on the development of a device for relaxation through pressure points for people with stress and anxiety. A bibliographical study on pressure points in the hand throughout history was elaborated, which includes the most used and recommended techniques for the effectiveness of relaxation. The comparative methodology was used where functionality, cost and reliability were evaluated. As a result of the tests, it is concluded that the device is a glove that meets the expectations of the patients, relaxing them., As pessoas que realizam várias actividades tendem a sofrer de stress e ansiedade devido a muita pressão, o que pode causar tensão muscular, dores de cabeça e pescoço e outros factores; isto tem uma influência negativa na sua vida quotidiana e no futuro. Uma pessoa que sofre constantemente de stress pode desenvolver doenças cardíacas, doenças de pele, tensão arterial elevada e mesmo obesi-dade. Esta investigação baseia-se no desenvolvimento de um dispositivo de relaxamento através de pontos de pressão para pessoas com stress e ansiedade. Foi elaborado um estudo bibliográfico sobre os pontos de pressão na mão ao longo da história, que inclui as técnicas mais utilizadas e recomendadas para a eficácia do relaxamento. A metodologia comparativa foi utilizada onde a funcionalidade, o custo e a fiabilidade foram avaliados. Como resultado dos testes, concluiu-se que o aparelho é uma luva que satisfaz as expectativas dos pacientes, relaxando-os., Las personas que realizan diversas actividades tienden a sufrir estrés y ansiedad por mucha presión lo que puede ocasionar tensión muscular, dolor de cabeza-cuello y otros factores; esto influye de forma negativa en su vida cotidiana y a futuro. Una persona que sufre constantemente de estrés puede llegar a sufrir enfermedades cardiacas, enfermedades de la piel, presión arterial alta e inclusive obesidad. La presente investigación está basada en el desarrollo un dispositivo para relajación mediante puntos de presión a personas con estrés y ansiedad. Se elaboró un estudio bibliográfico sobre puntos de presión en la mano a través de la historia que incluye técnicas más usadas y recomendadas para la eficacia de la relajación. Se usó la metodología comparativa en donde se evaluó la funcionalidad, el costo y la confiabilidad. Como resultado de las pruebas se concluye que el dispositivo es un guante que cumple con las expectativas de los pacientes llegando a relajarlos.

People who carry out various activities tend to suffer from stress and anxiety due to a lot of pressure, which can cause muscle tension, headache-neck pain and other factors; This has a negative influence on their daily life and in the future. A person who constantly suffers from stress can develop heart disease, skin disease, high blood pressure and even obesity. This research is based on the development of a device for relaxation through pressure points for people with stress and anxiety. A bibliographical study on pressure points in the hand throughout history was elaborated, which includes the most used and recommended techniques for the effectiveness of relaxation. The comparative methodology was used where functionality, cost and reliability were evaluated. As a result of the tests, it is concluded that the device is a glove that meets the expectations of the patients, relaxing them., As pessoas que realizam várias actividades tendem a sofrer de stress e ansiedade devido a muita pressão, o que pode causar tensão muscular, dores de cabeça e pescoço e outros factores; isto tem uma influência negativa na sua vida quotidiana e no futuro. Uma pessoa que sofre constantemente de stress pode desenvolver doenças cardíacas, doenças de pele, tensão arterial elevada e mesmo obesi-dade. Esta investigação baseia-se no desenvolvimento de um dispositivo de relaxamento através de pontos de pressão para pessoas com stress e ansiedade. Foi elaborado um estudo bibliográfico sobre os pontos de pressão na mão ao longo da história, que inclui as técnicas mais utilizadas e recomendadas para a eficácia do relaxamento. A metodologia comparativa foi utilizada onde a funcionalidade, o custo e a fiabilidade foram avaliados. Como resultado dos testes, concluiu-se que o aparelho é uma luva que satisfaz as expectativas dos pacientes, relaxando-os., Las personas que realizan diversas actividades tienden a sufrir estrés y ansiedad por mucha presión lo que puede ocasionar tensión muscular, dolor de cabeza-cuello y otros factores; esto influye de forma negativa en su vida cotidiana y a futuro. Una persona que sufre constantemente de estrés puede llegar a sufrir enfermedades cardiacas, enfermedades de la piel, presión arterial alta e inclusive obesidad. La presente investigación está basada en el desarrollo un dispositivo para relajación mediante puntos de presión a personas con estrés y ansiedad. Se elaboró un estudio bibliográfico sobre puntos de presión en la mano a través de la historia que incluye técnicas más usadas y recomendadas para la eficacia de la relajación. Se usó la metodología comparativa en donde se evaluó la funcionalidad, el costo y la confiabilidad. Como resultado de las pruebas se concluye que el dispositivo es un guante que cumple con las expectativas de los pacientes llegando a relajarlos.

© 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., Wearable bioimpedance is a technique proposed to estimate breathing parameters such as respiratory rate (RR). However, its potential application lies in clinical investigation of daily-life activities like walking. This study evaluated the effect of the walking interference on the estimation of breathing parameters. 50 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients performed static and active measurements during thoracic bioimpedance acquisition. The static measurements included respiratory airflow for reference. The active measurements were used to estimate the walking interference from bioimpedance, and the obtained signals were added to static measurements for comparison with the reference. Afterward, we applied four different preprocessing methods to remove this walking interference and the resulting signals were used to detect the respiratory cycles and estimate breathing parameters (inspiratory time, expiratory time, duty cycle, and RR). The methods performed differently in terms of accuracy and mean average percentage error (MAPE), showing the need for specific preprocessing for active measurements. Furthermore, the MAPE values in the RR estimation were close to 3 % indicating that breathing parameters can be accurately estimated during walking. Accordingly, the present study reinforces the applicability of wearable bioimpedance for respiratory monitoring. Clinical relevance- This study exhibits the suitability of wearable bioimpedance to estimate accurate breathing param-eters during walking activities., This work was supported in part by the Universities and Research Secretariat from the Generalitat de Catalunya under Grant GRC 2017 SGR 01770 and, GrantFI-DGR, in part by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the European Regional Development Fund, under the Grant RTI 2018 098472B-I00, and in part by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

People who carry out various activities tend to suffer from stress and anxiety due to a lot of pressure, which can cause muscle tension, headache-neck pain and other factors; This has a negative influence on their daily life and in the future. A person who constantly suffers from stress can develop heart disease, skin disease, high blood pressure and even obesity. This research is based on the development of a device for relaxation through pressure points for people with stress and anxiety. A bibliographical study on pressure points in the hand throughout history was elaborated, which includes the most used and recommended techniques for the effectiveness of relaxation. The comparative methodology was used where functionality, cost and reliability were evaluated. As a result of the tests, it is concluded that the device is a glove that meets the expectations of the patients, relaxing them., As pessoas que realizam várias actividades tendem a sofrer de stress e ansiedade devido a muita pressão, o que pode causar tensão muscular, dores de cabeça e pescoço e outros factores; isto tem uma influência negativa na sua vida quotidiana e no futuro. Uma pessoa que sofre constantemente de stress pode desenvolver doenças cardíacas, doenças de pele, tensão arterial elevada e mesmo obesi-dade. Esta investigação baseia-se no desenvolvimento de um dispositivo de relaxamento através de pontos de pressão para pessoas com stress e ansiedade. Foi elaborado um estudo bibliográfico sobre os pontos de pressão na mão ao longo da história, que inclui as técnicas mais utilizadas e recomendadas para a eficácia do relaxamento. A metodologia comparativa foi utilizada onde a funcionalidade, o custo e a fiabilidade foram avaliados. Como resultado dos testes, concluiu-se que o aparelho é uma luva que satisfaz as expectativas dos pacientes, relaxando-os., Las personas que realizan diversas actividades tienden a sufrir estrés y ansiedad por mucha presión lo que puede ocasionar tensión muscular, dolor de cabeza-cuello y otros factores; esto influye de forma negativa en su vida cotidiana y a futuro. Una persona que sufre constantemente de estrés puede llegar a sufrir enfermedades cardiacas, enfermedades de la piel, presión arterial alta e inclusive obesidad. La presente investigación está basada en el desarrollo un dispositivo para relajación mediante puntos de presión a personas con estrés y ansiedad. Se elaboró un estudio bibliográfico sobre puntos de presión en la mano a través de la historia que incluye técnicas más usadas y recomendadas para la eficacia de la relajación. Se usó la metodología comparativa en donde se evaluó la funcionalidad, el costo y la confiabilidad. Como resultado de las pruebas se concluye que el dispositivo es un guante que cumple con las expectativas de los pacientes llegando a relajarlos.

AIM: To analyse and characterize the pattern of working and mobile phone usage distances for common users of electronic devices and computers. METHODS: Transversal descriptive study consisting of a screening campaign evaluating the visual status of different professionals working with computers or electronic devices more than 2h per day. A total of 100 healthy patients with a mean age of 41.2 (range: 20-62) years were revised and subdivided according to job subgroups. A battery of screening tests was performed to all participants in a single session at the working environment of each of them, including measurement of the working distance (WD), arm length, and mobile phone usage distances (MPUD). RESULTS: The WD was significantly longer than MPUD (61.22±12.35 vs 32.22±6.35 cm; P<0.001). Likewise, MPUD was significantly shorter than the arm length (74.44±4.65 cm; P<0.001). A total of 4% (4/100) and 91% (91/100) of patients had a WD and MPUD of 40 cm or below, respectively. A weak although statistically significant correlation was found between WD and MPUD (r=0.387, P<0.001) as well as between WD and arm length (r=0.260, P=0.009). Statistically significant differences were detected among job subgroups in WD (P=0.021), being longer for militaries compared to university researchers and lecturers (P=0.025). CONCLUSION: Working and mobile phone usage distances vary significantly among common users of computers and digital devices, although the use of mobile phones tends to be performed at significantly closer distances. This parameter should be considered when planning any type of optical correction, especially for presbyopia.

The purpose of this study is to design and implement an electronic glove to improve productivity and safety in the industrial workshop of the INEM Educational Institution in the city of Monteria, Cordoba. This research was guided by the following stages, first, the application of surveys before and after the implementation of the electronic device, with the purpose of determining the impact of this in relation to the productivity of the tasks and the well-being of the operators of the industrial workshop. Next, the development of a web application that stores the data collected by the electronic glove to allow a better management of the information. The research yielded optimal results that demonstrate the relevant intervention that this type of technology has within the optimization of industrial tasks, in terms of time management, inventory management and ease in the handling of the different tools of the workshop; along with the efficient management of information, this because it caused a better manageability of processes and items, as well as offering a new innovative and creative tool for the industry., El presente estudio tiene como propósito diseñar e implementar un guante electrónico, para favorecer la productividad y seguridad en las tareas del taller industrial de la Institución Educativa INEM de la Ciudad de Montería, Córdoba, en Colombia. Esta investigación es de tipo tecnológico-descriptivo y estuvo guiada por una etapa de encuestas, antes y después de la implementación del dispositivo electrónico, con el propósito de determinar su impacto en relación con la productividad de las tareas y el bienestar de los operarios del taller industrial, y seguidamente, el desarrollo de una aplicación web que almacena los datos recogidos por el guante electrónico, para permitir una mejor administración de la información. La investigación arrojó resultados alentadores que demuestran la intervención relevante que tiene este tipo de tecnología dentro de la optimización de las labores industriales, en cuanto al manejo del tiempo, la gestión de inventarios, facilidad en la manipulación de las distintas herramientas del taller, junto con la gestión eficiente de la información, debido a que provocó un mejor manejo de los procesos y de los artículos, así como el ofrecimiento de una herramienta innovadora y creativa para la industria.

INTRODUCTION:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major health problem worldwide and the main risk factor for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Established treatment options are lifestyle interventions facilitating dietary change and increased physical activity. Here, we tested the effect of a telemonitoring-supported intervention on liver parameter of inflammation and fibrosis in individuals with MetS.METHODS:This was a prospective, randomized, parallel-group, and assessor-blind study performed in workers of the main Volkswagen factory (Wolfsburg, Germany). Volunteers with diagnosed MetS were randomly assigned (1:1) to a 6-month lifestyle intervention focusing on supervised, activity-tracker-guided exercise or to a waiting-list control group. This secondary analysis assessed the effect of the intervention on liver enzymes and MAFLD-related parameters.RESULTS:We screened 543 individuals between October 10, 2017, and February 27, 2018, of whom 314 were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 160) or control group (n = 154). Liver transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase significantly decreased after 6 months in the intervention group compared with the CG. Furthermore, an aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index score as a marker for liver fibrosis significantly decreased in the intervention group. These improvements were associated with changes in obesity and exercise capacity.DISCUSSION:A 6-month lifestyle intervention based on exercise training with individualized telemonitoring-based supervision led to improvements of liver inflammation and fibrosis in employees with MetS. Therefore, this intervention shows therapeutic potential for individuals at high risk of MAFLD (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03293264).

Producción Científica, The easy access to electronic devices for users has resulted in the development of a vast range of programs and applications for visual evaluation and diagnosis that can be downloaded to any device. Some of them are based on tasks and stimuli that depend on luminance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences in luminance reproduction between electronic devices and their implications for contrast reproduction. A total of 20 Galaxy Tab A devices with 8-bit graphics processing units were evaluated. Characterization of every screen was performed obtaining the response curve for the achromatic stimulus. Mean, maximum and minimum luminance, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were obtained to assess differences between devices. Variation of luminance with increasing digital level was observed in all devices following a gamma distribution. Comparison between devices for mean results showed that some of them differed by as much as 45 cd/m2. The coefficient of variation varied from ~5 to 9%. Mean percentage of differences in luminance between devices reached 30%. In conclusion, differences in luminance reproduction between devices were present, even considering devices from the same manufacturing batch. It cannot be assumed that the characterization of one device can be extrapolated to other devices. Every device used for research purposes should be individually characterized to ensure the correct reproduction. For clinical purposes, limitations should be considered by visual specialists., Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - program Ramón y Cajal (RYC-2016-20471), Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (IDI-20180123)

The current review aimed to collect and critically analyze the scientific peer-reviewed literature that is available about the use of digital applications for evaluation of visual parameters in electronic devices (tablets and smartphones), confirming if there are studies calibrating and validating each of these applications. Three bibliographic search engines (using the search equation described in the paper) and the Mendeley reference manager search engine were used to complete the analysis. Only articles written in English and that are evaluating the use of tests in healthy patients to measure or characterize any visual function aspects using tablets or smartphones were included. Articles using electronic visual tests to assess the results of surgical procedures or are conducted in pathological conditions were excluded. A total of 19 articles meeting these inclusion and exclusion criteria were finally analyzed. One critical point of all these studies is that there was no mention of the characterization (spatial and/or colorimetrical) of screens and the stimuli used in most of them. Only two studies described some level of calibration of the digital device before the beginning of the study. Most revised articles described non-controlled comparatives studies (73.7%), reporting some level of scientific evidence on the validation of tools, although more consistent studies are needed.

The easy access to electronic devices for users has resulted in the development of a vast range of programs and applications for visual evaluation and diagnosis that can be downloaded to any device. Some of them are based on tasks and stimuli that depend on luminance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences in luminance reproduction between electronic devices and their implications for contrast reproduction. A total of 20 Galaxy Tab A devices with 8-bit graphics processing units were evaluated. Characterization of every screen was performed obtaining the response curve for the achromatic stimulus. Mean, maximum and minimum luminance, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were obtained to assess differences between devices. Variation of luminance with increasing digital level was observed in all devices following a gamma distribution. Comparison between devices for mean results showed that some of them differed by as much as 45 cd/m2. The coefficient of variation varied from ~5 to 9%. Mean percentage of differences in luminance between devices reached 30%. In conclusion, differences in luminance reproduction between devices were present, even considering devices from the same manufacturing batch. It cannot be assumed that the characterization of one device can be extrapolated to other devices. Every device used for research purposes should be individually characterized to ensure the correct reproduction. For clinical purposes, limitations should be considered by visual specialists.

AIM: To analyse and characterize the pattern of working and mobile phone usage distances (MPUD) for common users of electronic devices and computers. METHODS: Transversal descriptive study consisting of a screening campaign evaluating the visual status of different professionals working with computers or electronic devices more than 2h per day. A total of 100 healthy patients with a mean age of 41.2 (range: 20-62) years were revised and subdivided according to job subgroups. A battery of screening tests was performed to all participants in a single session at the working environment of each of them, including measurement of the working distance (WD), arm length, and MPUD. RESULTS: The WD was significantly longer than MPUD (61.22±12.35 vs 32.22±6.35 cm; P<0.001). Likewise, MPUD was significantly shorter than the arm length (74.44±4.65 cm; P<0.001). A total of 4% (4/100) and 91% (91/100) of patients had a WD and MPUD of 40 cm or below, respectively. A weak although statistically significant correlation was found between WD and MPUD (r=0.387, P<0.001) as well as between WD and arm length (r=0.260, P=0.009). Statistically significant differences were detected among job subgroups in WD(P=0.021), being longer for militaries compared to university researchers and lecturers (P=0.025). CONCLUSION: Working and mobile phone usage distances vary significantly among common users of computers and digital devices, although the use of mobile phones tends to be performed at significantly closer distances. This parameter should be considered when planning any type of optical correction, especially for presbyopia.

Purpose: To analyze and characterize the pattern of visual working distance (WD) and mobile phone usage distance (MPD) in a large population, analyzing the differences in these parameters according to the job profile. Methods: Cross-sectional study consisting of a screening campaign evaluating the visual status of professionals from seven different environments. A total of 454 participants with a mean age of 41.5 years (range, 22–64 years) were revised. The screening campaign consisted of several rapid tests performed in a single session in the usual work environment of each participant, including measurement of WD, arm length, and MPD (VisionApp, VisionApp Solutions S.L.). Results: WD was significantly longer than MPD (82.5 ± 150.6 vs. 31.9 ± 6.3 cm, p < .001), whereas no significant differences were found between arm length (74.3 ± 4.8 cm) and WD (p = .493). WD was below 80 cm in 89.6% (407/454) of participants, whereas MPD was below 40 cm in 89.0% (404/454). No significant correlation was found between WD and MPD (r = 0.126, p = .117). Statistically significant differences were detected among job profile subgroups in WD (p < .001), with military personnel showing significantly longer WD than other professionals (p ≤ 0.018). Significant differences were also found between job profile subgroups in MPD (p = .006), with shorter MPDs for shoe factory professionals compared to sellers (p = .046). Conclusions: WD and MPD vary significantly among individuals, but always showing a shorter MPD. WD varies significantly also according to the job profile, being necessary to consider this information when selecting the most optimal optical aid in each case, especially for the compensation of presbyopia.

Repeated head impact exposure and concussions are common in American football. Identifying the factors associated with high magnitude impacts aids in informing sport policy changes, improvements to protective equipment, and better understanding of the brain’s response to mechanical loading. Recently, the Stanford Instrumented Mouthguard (MiG2.0) has seen several improvements in its accuracy in measuring head kinematics and its ability to correctly differentiate between true head impact events and false positives. Using this device, the present study sought to identify factors (e.g., player position, helmet model, direction of head acceleration, etc.) that are associated with head impact kinematics and brain strain in high school American football athletes. 116 athletes were monitored over a total of 888 athlete exposures. 602 total impacts were captured and verified by the MiG2.0’s validated impact detection algorithm. Peak values of linear acceleration, angular velocity, and angular acceleration were obtained from the mouthguard kinematics. The kinematics were also entered into a previously developed finite element model of the human brain to compute the 95th percentile maximum principal strain. Overall, impacts were (mean ± SD) 34.0 ± 24.3 g for peak linear acceleration, 22.2 ± 15.4 rad/s for peak angular velocity, 2979.4 ± 3030.4 rad/s2 for peak angular acceleration, and 0.262 ± 0.241 for 95th percentile maximum principal strain. Statistical analyses revealed that impacts resulting in Forward head accelerations had higher magnitudes of peak kinematics and brain strain than Lateral or Rearward impacts and that athletes in skill positions sustained impacts of greater magnitude than athletes in line positions. 95th percentile maximum principal strain was significantly lower in the observed cohort of high school football athletes than previous reports of collegiate football athletes. No differences in impact magnitude were observed in athletes with or without previou, Correction in DOI 10.1007/s10439-022-03132-7QC 20220504

Producción Científica, The easy access to electronic devices for users has resulted in the development of a vast range of programs and applications for visual evaluation and diagnosis that can be downloaded to any device. Some of them are based on tasks and stimuli that depend on luminance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences in luminance reproduction between electronic devices and their implications for contrast reproduction. A total of 20 Galaxy Tab A devices with 8-bit graphics processing units were evaluated. Characterization of every screen was performed obtaining the response curve for the achromatic stimulus. Mean, maximum and minimum luminance, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were obtained to assess differences between devices. Variation of luminance with increasing digital level was observed in all devices following a gamma distribution. Comparison between devices for mean results showed that some of them differed by as much as 45 cd/m2. The coefficient of variation varied from ~5 to 9%. Mean percentage of differences in luminance between devices reached 30%. In conclusion, differences in luminance reproduction between devices were present, even considering devices from the same manufacturing batch. It cannot be assumed that the characterization of one device can be extrapolated to other devices. Every device used for research purposes should be individually characterized to ensure the correct reproduction. For clinical purposes, limitations should be considered by visual specialists., Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - program Ramón y Cajal (RYC-2016-20471), Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (IDI-20180123)

In automotive industry, the dashboard has been ergonomically developed in order to keep the driver focused on the horizon while driving, but the possibility to access external electronic devices constraints the driver to turn away his face, generating dangerous situations in spite of the short periods of time. Therefore, this work explores the integration of Head-Up Displays and Head-Down Displays in automobiles, proposing configurations that give to drivers the facility to driving focused. In this way, some of the main ergonomic comments about those configurations are proposed; and also, some technical comments regarding the implemented arrangements are given. © 2014 SPIE.

In automotive industry, the dashboard has been ergonomically developed in order to keep the driver focused on the horizon while driving, but the possibility to access external electronic devices constraints the driver to turn away his face, generating dangerous situations in spite of the short periods of time. Therefore, this work explores the integration of Head-Up Displays and Head-Down Displays in automobiles, proposing configurations that give to drivers the facility to driving focused. In this way, some of the main ergonomic comments about those configurations are proposed; and also, some technical comments regarding the implemented arrangements are given. © 2014 SPIE.

This paper describes the hardware and software of the avionics for a mini-helicopter robot called Colibrí, which provides the instrumentation, intelligence, and energy to the autonomous navigation. The paper describes the function of each electronic device in the navigation system and explains the tools for rapid software prototyping. This programming environment uses a high-level graphical language like Simulink® to design a test model, and from it automatically build the executable code in C, which runs in the QNX real-time operating system during each flight. Matlab® Real-Time Workshop is the tool that enables this efficient programming methodology. The tests in pilot assisted flights show that the environment makes easy the development of state estimators, finite state machines, controllers and other subsystems. © 2010 IEEE.

The current review aimed to collect and critically analyze the scientific peer-reviewed literature that is available about the use of digital applications for evaluation of visual parameters in electronic devices (tablets and smartphones), confirming if there are studies calibrating and validating each of these applications. Three bibliographic search engines (using the search equation described in the paper) and the Mendeley reference manager search engine were used to complete the analysis. Only articles written in English and that are evaluating the use of tests in healthy patients to measure or characterize any visual function aspects using tablets or smartphones were included. Articles using electronic visual tests to assess the results of surgical procedures or are conducted in pathological conditions were excluded. A total of 19 articles meeting these inclusion and exclusion criteria were finally analyzed. One critical point of all these studies is that there was no mention of the characterization (spatial and/or colorimetrical) of screens and the stimuli used in most of them. Only two studies described some level of calibration of the digital device before the beginning of the study. Most revised articles described non-controlled comparatives studies (73.7%), reporting some level of scientific evidence on the validation of tools, although more consistent studies are needed.

The easy access to electronic devices for users has resulted in the development of a vast range of programs and applications for visual evaluation and diagnosis that can be downloaded to any device. Some of them are based on tasks and stimuli that depend on luminance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences in luminance reproduction between electronic devices and their implications for contrast reproduction. A total of 20 Galaxy Tab A devices with 8-bit graphics processing units were evaluated. Characterization of every screen was performed obtaining the response curve for the achromatic stimulus. Mean, maximum and minimum luminance, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were obtained to assess differences between devices. Variation of luminance with increasing digital level was observed in all devices following a gamma distribution. Comparison between devices for mean results showed that some of them differed by as much as 45 cd/m2. The coefficient of variation varied from ~5 to 9%. Mean percentage of differences in luminance between devices reached 30%. In conclusion, differences in luminance reproduction between devices were present, even considering devices from the same manufacturing batch. It cannot be assumed that the characterization of one device can be extrapolated to other devices. Every device used for research purposes should be individually characterized to ensure the correct reproduction. For clinical purposes, limitations should be considered by visual specialists.

AIM: To analyse and characterize the pattern of working and mobile phone usage distances (MPUD) for common users of electronic devices and computers. METHODS: Transversal descriptive study consisting of a screening campaign evaluating the visual status of different professionals working with computers or electronic devices more than 2h per day. A total of 100 healthy patients with a mean age of 41.2 (range: 20-62) years were revised and subdivided according to job subgroups. A battery of screening tests was performed to all participants in a single session at the working environment of each of them, including measurement of the working distance (WD), arm length, and MPUD. RESULTS: The WD was significantly longer than MPUD (61.22±12.35 vs 32.22±6.35 cm; P<0.001). Likewise, MPUD was significantly shorter than the arm length (74.44±4.65 cm; P<0.001). A total of 4% (4/100) and 91% (91/100) of patients had a WD and MPUD of 40 cm or below, respectively. A weak although statistically significant correlation was found between WD and MPUD (r=0.387, P<0.001) as well as between WD and arm length (r=0.260, P=0.009). Statistically significant differences were detected among job subgroups in WD(P=0.021), being longer for militaries compared to university researchers and lecturers (P=0.025). CONCLUSION: Working and mobile phone usage distances vary significantly among common users of computers and digital devices, although the use of mobile phones tends to be performed at significantly closer distances. This parameter should be considered when planning any type of optical correction, especially for presbyopia.

Purpose: To analyze and characterize the pattern of visual working distance (WD) and mobile phone usage distance (MPD) in a large population, analyzing the differences in these parameters according to the job profile. Methods: Cross-sectional study consisting of a screening campaign evaluating the visual status of professionals from seven different environments. A total of 454 participants with a mean age of 41.5 years (range, 22–64 years) were revised. The screening campaign consisted of several rapid tests performed in a single session in the usual work environment of each participant, including measurement of WD, arm length, and MPD (VisionApp, VisionApp Solutions S.L.). Results: WD was significantly longer than MPD (82.5 ± 150.6 vs. 31.9 ± 6.3 cm, p < .001), whereas no significant differences were found between arm length (74.3 ± 4.8 cm) and WD (p = .493). WD was below 80 cm in 89.6% (407/454) of participants, whereas MPD was below 40 cm in 89.0% (404/454). No significant correlation was found between WD and MPD (r = 0.126, p = .117). Statistically significant differences were detected among job profile subgroups in WD (p < .001), with military personnel showing significantly longer WD than other professionals (p ≤ 0.018). Significant differences were also found between job profile subgroups in MPD (p = .006), with shorter MPDs for shoe factory professionals compared to sellers (p = .046). Conclusions: WD and MPD vary significantly among individuals, but always showing a shorter MPD. WD varies significantly also according to the job profile, being necessary to consider this information when selecting the most optimal optical aid in each case, especially for the compensation of presbyopia.

[ES] En este trabajo se realiza un análisis sobre la industria electrónica actual para determinar cuáles son los principales costes económicos y temporales a la hora de desarrollar un nuevo dispositivo electrónico. Partiendo de esta base, y teniendo en cuenta los nuevos métodos de desarrollo originados con la última revolución industrial, se realiza una guía de diseño de circuitos electrónicos para llevar un producto a la fase de producción con los menores costes posibles. Esta guía comienza por la etapa del análisis de las especificaciones técnicas, continua por la selección de componentes y la creación de librerías para herramientas EDA y termina con el diseño de los esquemáticos y de la PCB. Por último, se explican los procesos de fabricación y ensamblado. Todo el proceso de diseño se explica utilizando como ejemplo una placa base de un dispositivo electrónico modular., [EN] This work carries out an analysis of the current electronic industry to determine what are the main economic and temporary costs when developing a new electronic device. Starting from this base, and taking into account the new development methods originated in the last industrial revolution, an electronic circuit design guide is carried out to take a product to the production phase while minimizing costs. This guide begins at the stage of the analysis of the technical specifications, continues with the selection of components and the creation of libraries for EDA tools and ends with the design of schematics diagrams and PCB. Finally, the manufacturing and assembly processes are explained. The entire design process is explained using as an example a carrier board of a modular electronic device.

[ES] En este trabajo se realiza un análisis sobre la industria electrónica actual para determinar cuáles son los principales costes económicos y temporales a la hora de desarrollar un nuevo dispositivo electrónico. Partiendo de esta base, y teniendo en cuenta los nuevos métodos de desarrollo originados con la última revolución industrial, se realiza una guía de diseño de circuitos electrónicos para llevar un producto a la fase de producción con los menores costes posibles. Esta guía comienza por la etapa del análisis de las especificaciones técnicas, continua por la selección de componentes y la creación de librerías para herramientas EDA y termina con el diseño de los esquemáticos y de la PCB. Por último, se explican los procesos de fabricación y ensamblado. Todo el proceso de diseño se explica utilizando como ejemplo una placa base de un dispositivo electrónico modular., [EN] This work carries out an analysis of the current electronic industry to determine what are the main economic and temporary costs when developing a new electronic device. Starting from this base, and taking into account the new development methods originated in the last industrial revolution, an electronic circuit design guide is carried out to take a product to the production phase while minimizing costs. This guide begins at the stage of the analysis of the technical specifications, continues with the selection of components and the creation of libraries for EDA tools and ends with the design of schematics diagrams and PCB. Finally, the manufacturing and assembly processes are explained. The entire design process is explained using as an example a carrier board of a modular electronic device.

[ES] En este trabajo se realiza un análisis sobre la industria electrónica actual para determinar cuáles son los principales costes económicos y temporales a la hora de desarrollar un nuevo dispositivo electrónico. Partiendo de esta base, y teniendo en cuenta los nuevos métodos de desarrollo originados con la última revolución industrial, se realiza una guía de diseño de circuitos electrónicos para llevar un producto a la fase de producción con los menores costes posibles. Esta guía comienza por la etapa del análisis de las especificaciones técnicas, continua por la selección de componentes y la creación de librerías para herramientas EDA y termina con el diseño de los esquemáticos y de la PCB. Por último, se explican los procesos de fabricación y ensamblado. Todo el proceso de diseño se explica utilizando como ejemplo una placa base de un dispositivo electrónico modular., [EN] This work carries out an analysis of the current electronic industry to determine what are the main economic and temporary costs when developing a new electronic device. Starting from this base, and taking into account the new development methods originated in the last industrial revolution, an electronic circuit design guide is carried out to take a product to the production phase while minimizing costs. This guide begins at the stage of the analysis of the technical specifications, continues with the selection of components and the creation of libraries for EDA tools and ends with the design of schematics diagrams and PCB. Finally, the manufacturing and assembly processes are explained. The entire design process is explained using as an example a carrier board of a modular electronic device.

Magnetotransport provides key experimental signatures in Weyl semimetals. The longitudinal magnetoresistance is linked to the chiral anomaly and the transversal magnetoresistance to the dominant charge relaxation mechanism. Axial magnetic fields that act with opposite sign on opposite chiralities facilitate new transport experiments that probe the low-energy Weyl nodes. As recently realized, these axial fields can be achieved by straining samples or adding inhomogeneities to them. Here, we identify a robust signature of axial magnetic fields: an anomalous scaling of the conductance in the diffusive ultraquantum regime. In particular, we demonstrate that the longitudinal conductivity in the ultraquantum regime of a disordered Weyl semimetal subjected to an axial magnetic field increases with both the field strength and sample width due to a spatial separation of charge carriers. We contrast axial magnetic with real magnetic fields to clearly distinguish the different behavior of the conductance. Our results rely on numerical tight-binding simulations and are supported by analytical arguments. We argue that the spatial separation of charge carriers can be used for directed currents in microstructured electronic devices., QC 20220614

(Al,Ga,In)N semiconductor materials are widely used in high-frequency, high-power electronics due to their wide bandgaps. Both metal- and N-polar AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) demonstrated excellent performances as high-frequency signal amplifiers. While the majority of today’s III-N transistors are based on metal-polar heterostructures, N-polar materials have gained attention following the breakthrough in the deposition of high quality films. Compared to their metal-polar counterparts, N-polar HEMT structures improve the scalability of devices, increase the electron confinement and reduce contact resistance, exhibiting great potentials in high-frequency device fabrications.In order to suppress alloy scattering in the HEMT structures, a thin AlN interlayer is usually introduced between the AlGaN barrier and the GaN channel. However, a significant amount of unintentional Ga incorporation was observed in AlN films grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), one of the major techniques to produce the HEMT epi structures. In the first part of my thesis, the impact of impure AlN interlayers on HEMTs was examined, explaining the significant improvement in electron mobility despite of the high Ga concentration of ~ 50%. Moreover, both metal-polar and N-polar AlN films grown by MOCVD under various conditions were investigated, the results of which indicated that the major source of unintentional Ga was the former Ga deposition on the susceptor in the same run. It was also observed that N-polar AlN films contained less Ga compared to metal-polar ones when they were grown under same conditions. Methods to suppress the Ga were also discussed. In addition, the morphological and electrical properties of the GaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures with AlN films grown under different conditions were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and room temperature Van der Pauw hall measurement. Following the study of AlN interlayers in the HEMT structures

All life requires the capacity to recover from challenges that are as inevitable as they are unpredictable. Understanding this resilience is essential for managing the health of humans and their livestock. It has long been difficult to quantify resilience directly, forcing practitioners to rely on indirect static indicators of health. However, measurements from wearable electronics and other sources now allow us to analyze the dynamics of physiology and behavior with unsurpassed resolution. The resulting flood of data coincides with the emergence of novel analytical tools for estimating resilience from the pattern of microrecoveries observed in natural time series. Such dynamic indicators of resilience may be used to monitor the risk of systemic failure across systems ranging from organs to entire organisms. These tools invite a fundamental rethinking of our approach to the adaptive management of health and resilience.Copyright © 2018 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

All life requires the capacity to recover from challenges that are as inevitable as they are unpredictable. Understanding this resilience is essential for managing the health of humans and their livestock. It has long been difficult to quantify resilience directly, forcing practitioners to rely on indirect static indicators of health. However, measurements from wearable electronics and other sources now allow us to analyze the dynamics of physiology and behavior with unsurpassed resolution. The resulting flood of data coincides with the emergence of novel analytical tools for estimating resilience from the pattern of microrecoveries observed in natural time series. Such dynamic indicators of resilience may be used to monitor the risk of systemic failure across systems ranging from organs to entire organisms. These tools invite a fundamental rethinking of our approach to the adaptive management of health and resilience.Copyright © 2018 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

(Al,Ga,In)N semiconductor materials are widely used in high-frequency, high-power electronics due to their wide bandgaps. Both metal- and N-polar AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) demonstrated excellent performances as high-frequency signal amplifiers. While the majority of today’s III-N transistors are based on metal-polar heterostructures, N-polar materials have gained attention following the breakthrough in the deposition of high quality films. Compared to their metal-polar counterparts, N-polar HEMT structures improve the scalability of devices, increase the electron confinement and reduce contact resistance, exhibiting great potentials in high-frequency device fabrications.In order to suppress alloy scattering in the HEMT structures, a thin AlN interlayer is usually introduced between the AlGaN barrier and the GaN channel. However, a significant amount of unintentional Ga incorporation was observed in AlN films grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), one of the major techniques to produce the HEMT epi structures. In the first part of my thesis, the impact of impure AlN interlayers on HEMTs was examined, explaining the significant improvement in electron mobility despite of the high Ga concentration of ~ 50%. Moreover, both metal-polar and N-polar AlN films grown by MOCVD under various conditions were investigated, the results of which indicated that the major source of unintentional Ga was the former Ga deposition on the susceptor in the same run. It was also observed that N-polar AlN films contained less Ga compared to metal-polar ones when they were grown under same conditions. Methods to suppress the Ga were also discussed. In addition, the morphological and electrical properties of the GaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures with AlN films grown under different conditions were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and room temperature Van der Pauw hall measurement. Following the study of AlN interlayers in the HEMT structures

Background: Patients with stroke walk with excessive foot inversion at the affected side, which may disturb their balance and gait. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of instant biofeedback of plantar force at the medial and lateral forefoot regions on gait and plantar foot loading in patients with stroke. Methods: A total of eight patients with hemiplegic stroke, who had flexible rearfoot varus deformity at the affected side, participated in this study. A vibrotactile biofeedback system was developed and evaluated. It analyzed forces at the medial and lateral forefeet, and instantly provided vibration clues when the plantar force at medial forefoot was less than a threshold. Each subject’s three-dimensional gait parameters and plantar-pressure distribution during walking were measured under two experimental conditions (sequence randomized): with and without the device turned on (Trial-registration number: ChiCTR-IPB-15006530 and HKCTR-1853). Results: Providing biofeedback significantly reduced the foot inversion and increased the mid-stance foot–floor contact area and medial midfoot plantar pressure of the affected limb, bringing the values of these parameters closer to those of the unaffected side. The biofeedback also significantly reduced the unaffected side’s excessive knee flexion and hip abduction. Conclusions: There were signs of improved foot loading characteristics and gait upon provision of instant vibrotactile biofeedback of plantar force. The positive results of this study further support the development of wearable biofeedback devices for improving gait of patients with stroke.

We as an advanced civilization rely on communication networks for a lot of important tasks. They are used to share information between vital systems, provide us with our pin-point location, access various digital resources and to stay connected with each other. Due to its necessity and enormity, maintaining and securing such a communication medium is an important task. As most communication networks rely on centralized systems, they are bound by the control of a central entity and are unable to keep up with the current growth of the network and advancements in electronic devices. The next step in an inter-connected world requires a decentralized distributed system that can also provide high levels of security. One possible solution is a dynamic distributed wireless mesh network as it provides all the features of a traditional network along with the flexibility of wireless communication and an infrastructure less distributed setup. The network can be created by connecting mobile or stationary devices together using wireless communication devices (such as smartphones, laptops, hot-spots, etc). As the network is created by multiple devices, it would not break-down if some of the devices were disabled. On the contrary, as the network uses hopping for message transmission using dynamic routes, it can self-heal by creating alternate routes if a device was to fail. As the workings and features of a dynamic mesh network differ from the traditional network, it also requires a modified security framework that can provide high levels of security whilst taking benefit of the dynamic mesh network’s unique features. This thesis investigates the problems and limitations linked to secure dynamic wireless mesh networks and how they can be improved upon. In addition to the routing protocols used and how they can be improved upon, the thesis also elaborates on the various security concerns with such networks. As distributed networks aren’t dependent on a central entity, enabling vario

We as an advanced civilization rely on communication networks for a lot of important tasks. They are used to share information between vital systems, provide us with our pin-point location, access various digital resources and to stay connected with each other. Due to its necessity and enormity, maintaining and securing such a communication medium is an important task. As most communication networks rely on centralized systems, they are bound by the control of a central entity and are unable to keep up with the current growth of the network and advancements in electronic devices. The next step in an inter-connected world requires a decentralized distributed system that can also provide high levels of security. One possible solution is a dynamic distributed wireless mesh network as it provides all the features of a traditional network along with the flexibility of wireless communication and an infrastructure less distributed setup. The network can be created by connecting mobile or stationary devices together using wireless communication devices (such as smartphones, laptops, hot-spots, etc). As the network is created by multiple devices, it would not break-down if some of the devices were disabled. On the contrary, as the network uses hopping for message transmission using dynamic routes, it can self-heal by creating alternate routes if a device was to fail. As the workings and features of a dynamic mesh network differ from the traditional network, it also requires a modified security framework that can provide high levels of security whilst taking benefit of the dynamic mesh network’s unique features. This thesis investigates the problems and limitations linked to secure dynamic wireless mesh networks and how they can be improved upon. In addition to the routing protocols used and how they can be improved upon, the thesis also elaborates on the various security concerns with such networks. As distributed networks aren’t dependent on a central entity, enabling vario

Background: Lumbar microdiscectomy is the most commonly performed spinal surgery procedure, with over 300,000 cases performed annually in the United States alone. Traditionally, patients were advised to restrict post-operative activity as this was believed to reduce the risk of disc reherniation and progressive instability. However, this practice would often delay patients return to work. In contemporary practice many surgeons do not restrict patient post-operative activity due to the perception this practice is unnecessary. We describe a randomised controlled trial to assess the impact of activity restrictions on clinical outcome following lumbar discectomy. Methods/Design: The lumbar microdiscectomy and post-operative activity restriction trial is a multi-centre, randomised, controlled single blinded trial. Two hundred ten patients due to undergo single level lumbar microdiscectomy without a history of previous spine surgery, infection or fracture are randomised to be advised either restricted or unrestricted activity for a period of 30 days following lumbar microdiscectomy. Actual adherence with trial allocation will be monitored bioelectronically via a wearable device. Outcome assessment at follow up will occur at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome will be a composite endpoint comprising changes in Visual Analogue Scale (Leg and Back), Oswestry Disability Index and the absence of intervertebral disc reherniation or secondary intervention. Discussion(s): This randomised controlled trial will directly compare post-operative protocols of activity restrictions and no restrictions following lumbar discectomy with adherence monitored bioelectronically.Copyright © 2017 The Author(s).

Background: Lumbar microdiscectomy is the most commonly performed spinal surgery procedure, with over 300,000 cases performed annually in the United States alone. Traditionally, patients were advised to restrict post-operative activity as this was believed to reduce the risk of disc reherniation and progressive instability. However, this practice would often delay patients return to work. In contemporary practice many surgeons do not restrict patient post-operative activity due to the perception this practice is unnecessary. We describe a randomised controlled trial to assess the impact of activity restrictions on clinical outcome following lumbar discectomy. Methods/Design: The lumbar microdiscectomy and post-operative activity restriction trial is a multi-centre, randomised, controlled single blinded trial. Two hundred ten patients due to undergo single level lumbar microdiscectomy without a history of previous spine surgery, infection or fracture are randomised to be advised either restricted or unrestricted activity for a period of 30 days following lumbar microdiscectomy. Actual adherence with trial allocation will be monitored bioelectronically via a wearable device. Outcome assessment at follow up will occur at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome will be a composite endpoint comprising changes in Visual Analogue Scale (Leg and Back), Oswestry Disability Index and the absence of intervertebral disc reherniation or secondary intervention. Discussion(s): This randomised controlled trial will directly compare post-operative protocols of activity restrictions and no restrictions following lumbar discectomy with adherence monitored bioelectronically.Copyright © 2017 The Author(s).

The text makes an interpretation of Black Mirror, a futuristic television series that reveals a technological dystopia. The article analyzes, from a philosophical-critical approach, the crisis of subjectivation in the technology era. The television series Black Mirror forces the audience to think about how digital life affects the world of politics, our memory, our corporeal area and sociability. The text concludes that Black Mirror leaves open-ended questions about the possibilities of resistance and other possible methods of subjectivity., Resumo O artigo faz uma interpretação de Black Mirror, uma série de televisão de antecipação que levanta uma distopia tecnológica. O trabalho analisa, a partir de uma abordagem filosófica crítica, a crise da subjetivação na era da tecnologia. A série nos permite pensar sobre como a vida digital afeta o mundo da política, da memória, do corpo e da sociabilidade. O texto conclui que o Black Mirror deixa a questão sobre as possibilidades de resistência e outros possíveis modos de subjetividade., Resumen El artículo realiza una interpretación de Black Mirror., serie televisiva de anticipación que plantea una distopía tecnológica. El trabajo analiza, desde un enfoque filosófico-crítico, la crisis de la subjetivación en la era de la técnica. La serie permite pensar cómo la vida digital afecta el mundo de lo político, la memoria, el cuerpo, la sociabilidad. El texto concluye que Black Mirror deja abierta la pregunta por las posibilidades de resistencia y otros modos de subjetividad posibles.

The text makes an interpretation of Black Mirror, a futuristic television series that reveals a technological dystopia. The article analyzes, from a philosophical-critical approach, the crisis of subjectivation in the technology era. The television series Black Mirror forces the audience to think about how digital life affects the world of politics, our memory, our corporeal area and sociability. The text concludes that Black Mirror leaves open-ended questions about the possibilities of resistance and other possible methods of subjectivity., Resumo O artigo faz uma interpretação de Black Mirror, uma série de televisão de antecipação que levanta uma distopia tecnológica. O trabalho analisa, a partir de uma abordagem filosófica crítica, a crise da subjetivação na era da tecnologia. A série nos permite pensar sobre como a vida digital afeta o mundo da política, da memória, do corpo e da sociabilidade. O texto conclui que o Black Mirror deixa a questão sobre as possibilidades de resistência e outros possíveis modos de subjetividade., Resumen El artículo realiza una interpretación de Black Mirror., serie televisiva de anticipación que plantea una distopía tecnológica. El trabajo analiza, desde un enfoque filosófico-crítico, la crisis de la subjetivación en la era de la técnica. La serie permite pensar cómo la vida digital afecta el mundo de lo político, la memoria, el cuerpo, la sociabilidad. El texto concluye que Black Mirror deja abierta la pregunta por las posibilidades de resistencia y otros modos de subjetividad posibles.

This paper aims at introducing the first intensive use of a remote lab named as VISIR by lecturers and students from Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional de Rosario. The research was carried under the VISIR + project. It is a pilot test in which 17 students from the third year of an Electronic Engineering degree took part. The pilot test was developed in order to bring forward possible difficulties, assess successes and failures and eventually suggest other possible ways of curricular incorporation of VISIR in the teaching of the Physics of Electronic Devices subject. VISIR was used as a complement to hands-on lab, after the last experimental design activity of basic circuits with bipolar transistor. The students carried out an individual lab work. Then, they were asked to answer an opinion poll made up of 20 items, 1-4 Likert scale. Descriptive statistical analysis and summary of cases were carried out in order to conclude about four dimensions of analysis linked to the students' viewpoint. They are: perceived learnings, VISIR acceptance, perceived teachers' guidance and time and technical restrictions. © 2017 IEEE.

Due to the increasing susceptibility of electronic device, the importance of electromagnetic immunity to interference also increasing. The basic task of testing the electromagnetic susceptibility of electronic device on the harmful interference is comparison of the data obtained by testing with data which are required by the relevant standards for the device. When the electronic device does not have a sufficient immunity can occur a deterioration of its functionality, temporary failure or even a permanent damage to the device. The aim of this paper is perform the test of electromagnetic susceptibility for the electrostatic discharge at the keyboard of the alarm system. Immunity test will be performed according to instructions in the standards of electromagnetic compatibility.

The components of intrusion and hold-up alarm systems are not only the receiver of the electromagnetic interference that is around them but also these components are the source of the electromagnetic interference. If the components generate excessively high interference, their activity could have an adverse effect on other electronic devices in their vicinity or it can cause errors in the functional properties of the entire security alarm system. For this reason, each component must be tested for electromagnetic immunity and also their electromagnetic interference must be measured in accredited laboratories for electromagnetic compatibility. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016.

The use of electronic devices and resources in the classroom is part of the daily activity for lecturers and students, and it meets the requirements of the “longlife learning” advocated by the EHEA. Thus, several studies have explored the importance of interaction through social networks, using blogs and other electronic resources. Some lecturers have also conducted various experiences related with the use of those devices that allow access to these technologies. The influence of communication technologies provides clear advantages for both the learning process of students and for the daily work of their teachers. However, there are many risks and disadvantages resulting from such use. This article proposes an initial investigation to determine the extent of computer use in the classroom between students degrees in Communication., El uso de dispositivos y recursos electrónicos en el aula forma parte de la actividad diaria en que nos movemos docentes y estudiantes, y que responde a los requerimientos del aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida que propugna el EEES. Así, diversos estudios han profundizado en la importancia de la interacción a través de las redes sociales, o el uso de blogs y otros recursos electrónicos. También se han desarrollado diversas experiencias en relación con el uso de los dispositivos que permiten acceder a dichas tecnologías. La influencia de las Tecnologías de la Comunicación aporta ventajas claras tanto para el proceso formativo de los alumnos como para la labor diaria de sus docentes. Sin embargo, son muchos los riesgos e inconvenientes derivados de dicho uso. En este artículo se propone una investigación inicial para conocer el alcance del uso del ordenador en el aula entre los estudiantes de grados en Comunicación.