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Total organic carbon (TOC), black carbon (BC), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were determined in 73 surface (0-2 cm) and subsurface (5-20 cm) soil samples taken from a 142 km2 area in Central London, UK. Soils were assessed to provide a baseline chemistry for site owners, developers, occupiers and regulators involved in understanding the potential risk to human health and the environment. TOC range was 1.75-11.85 % (mean 5.82 %), BC 3.72-32.71 mg.g-1 (mean 13.8 mg.g-1), TPH 72-4673 mg.g-1 (mean 443 mg.g-1), Σ16PAH 1.64-421.23 mg.g-1 (mean 47.99 mg.g-1) and Σ7PCB 2.56-148.72 µg.kg-1 (mean 20.82 µg.kg-1). Surface soils were less polluted than sub-surface soils due to a decline in industry, power generation, coal burning and traffic. PAH and PCB showed a stronger affinity for BC than TOC and were higher than many other international cities. South east London (Greenwich, Woolwich, Deptford) had the highest PAH pollution. Source PAH ratios confirmed a combustion/urban road run-off origin with minor petroleum inputs. Random Forest spatial modelling (machine learning) revealed large scale pollution trends across London soils. Normal background concentrations (NBC) were calculated and compared to risk-based human health generic assessment criteria (GAC). Benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and dibenzo[a]anthracene exceeded the Land Quality Management GACs for three land uses (residential, allotments and public open space near residential housing). The NBC determined for ∑7PCBs (110 µg.kg-1) and dioxin-like PCB 118 (59 µg.kg-1) exceeded the residential and allotment soil guideline values.

Owing to their restricted riverine flow and greater numbers, small estuaries (annual discharge < 2000 m3 s–1) are important sites of organic carbon (OC) storage in sediments. The Conwy Estuary is an exemplar small rural-agricultural catchment which delivers a diverse pool of terrestrial OC to the Irish Sea. Thirty-nine surface sediments, covering a distance of 10.5 km, were taken transversal as well as longitudinal to the estuary to examine local and distant catchment inputs. Biomarkers (branched Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers - brGDGTs, n-alkanes) and molecular and bulk proxies (BIT, Paq, TAR, δ13C, C/N), showed sediments were dominated by terrestrial inputs, with only sediments of the three most seaward sites showing stronger physical and geochemical characteristics of a marine influence (e.g., sandier sediments and lower BIT). Biomarker concentrations in the Conwy were comparable to the more urbanised Thames and the Clyde estuaries. The three estuaries showed similar fractional abundance of the brGDGTs, recording an inverse trend between the hexamethylated and the tetramethylated brGDGTs, and showing the pentamethylated brGDGTs as the dominant group. A systematic decrease in terrestrial biomarkers from bank to the main channel confirmed either a strong localised erosion/runoff process or a decrease in water velocity leading to a higher deposition.

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The Western Irish Sea preserves an exceptionally thick (ca. 40 m) Holocene succession that is ideally suited to understanding the pattern of palaeostratification and water mass productivity changes in the region, and their relationship with sea level, sedimentation, and biota. Additionally, the presence of shallow-buried methane provides an opportunity to explore its potential impact on the local pattern of Holocene marine environmental change. Multi-proxy investigation of a cored borehole succession through the Holocene interval tracks changes from mixed to seasonally stratified conditions. In the earliest Holocene (11.2–10 ka), high productivity, mixed water conditions prevailed, with abundant and diverse foraminifera and dominant heterotrophic dinoflagellate cysts. Productivity was probably driven by high nutrient fluxes related to high rates of sedimentation (>1600 cm/kyr), in turn influenced by relatively low sea level and restricted sediment accommodation space across shelf areas to the east of the borehole site (eastern Irish Sea Basin). With rising sea level in the later part of the Early Holocene, the region evolved into a relatively lower productivity mixed water mass system, with significant changes in ecology revealed by dinoflagellate cysts and foraminifera. In the latest Early Holocene and earliest Mid Holocene (ca. 8.4–8.2 ka) a return to higher productivity is signalled by dinoflagellate cyst data; a result of seasonal stratification becoming established, evidenced by sharply increased summer sea surface temperature estimates (typically 16–17 °C) that contrast with an opposite (more positive) trend in δ18O values for benthic foraminifera. Reductions in turbulent mixing associated with stratification might have exacerbated the palaeoecological impact of shallow-buried methane associated with the borehole site, potentially evidenced by a significant change in dominant benthic foraminifera and strong, localised excursions in the benthic δ13C/δ18O record

Over the last four decades of palaeoclimate research, significant emphasis has been placed on the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) spanning 26.5–19 thousand years ago (ka), a period that saw significant (∼125 m) sea-level reductions and major ice caps adorning large parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we present evidence for another major glacial period spanning 71–59 ka (Marine Isotope Stage 4: MIS4) from a well-dated marine sequence offshore South Australia. The astronomically-tuned chronology of this deep-sea core is confirmed using single-grain optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL), providing confidence in our high-resolution age model. Our approach to the study of our MD03-2607 core has been to employ many different proxies. These are: δ18O of both planktic and benthic foraminifera for stratigraphic purposes, faunal counts of planktonic foraminifera to reconstruct the position of oceanic fronts and currents, alkenone palaeothermometry, XRF core scanning to determine the presence of aeolian dust, and εNd isotope to identify fluvial discharge over the core site. We compare our new proxy findings with other archives for mainland Australia and Tasmania. Our multi-proxy palaeoclimate reconstructions are consistent with other marine, terrestrial and cryosphere archives across the Southern Hemisphere and suggest, for the first time, that MIS 4 was almost as dramatic as the LGM. During MIS4, global sea-level was reduced by ∼100 m, glaciers across Australasia were more significant compared to the LGM, and sea-surface temperatures were much reduced. These glacial conditions uniformly peaked around 65 ka. Global comparisons show major glacial conditions and vegetation shifts elsewhere during MIS4, but many are poorly dated. The significant environmental changes taking place during this glacial period were paralleled by waves of human dispersal across Eurasia and the earliest evidence of human occupation in northern Australia at 65 ka.

Surface sediments from a 160-km stretch of the River Clyde, Scotland, were analysed for persistent organic pollutants to investigate distribution, source and environmental effect. Glasgow's urban tributaries polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) ranged from 2.3 to 4226mgkg–1, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) 72 to 37879mgkg–1 and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) 3 to 809μgkg–1, which were more polluted than the upper River Clyde PAH that ranged from 0.1 to 42mgkg–1, TPH 3 to 260mgkg–1 and PCB 2 to 147μgkg–1. Intermediate values of the inner Clyde estuary PAH ranging from 0.6 to 30mgkg–1, and PCB ranging from 5 to 130μgkg–1, were attributed to point sources and sediment transfer from the urban tributaries. Comparison with sediment quality criteria suggested possible adverse effects on aquatic biota. PAH isomeric ratios confirmed a pyrolytic source throughout the Clyde and benzo[a]pyrene/benzo[g,h,i]perylene ratios >0.6 confirmed that upper, urban and estuarine domains all to a lesser or greater extent accumulated PAH from traffic emissions. The degree of chlorination determined from PCB homologues differed in each of the three domains, suggesting variable source or that the process aerobic/anaerobic degradation varied in each of the three domains. The anthropogenic impact of the city of Glasgow can be quantified in that the urban tributary sediment mean values were 60 (PAH), 33 (TPH) and 11 (PCB) times higher than the rural upper Clyde counterpart.

Surface sediments from a 100-km stretch of the River Clyde, UK, and its estuary were analysed for glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) to track the downstream changes in the source of organic matter (OM) and to evaluate the impact of urbanisation. Bacterial membrane lipids, named branched GDGTs (brGDGTs), produced in soils and rivers ranged from 1.6 to 58μgg−1 organic carbon (OC) and the isoprenoid GDGT crenarchaeol, mainly from marine archaea, ranged from 0.01 to 42μgg−1 OC. The highest brGDGT concentrations were in the upper river, in Glasgow city and in the outer estuary, suggesting higher soil-derived OM input. By contrast, crenarchaeol concentrations gradually increased from the tidal weir in Glasgow towards the sea. This spatial distribution of the tetraethers was reflected in the branched and isoprenoid tetraether (BIT) index, a proxy for soil versus marine carbon. The highest BIT values (1.0) occurred upstream, estuarine values ranged from 0.9 to 0.6 and the lowest values (0.4) were found in the outer estuary. An independent proxy for soil-derived OM, stable carbon isotope (δ13C) values, showed a comparable decrease in terrigenous OM contribution towards the sea, but was more variable compared to the BIT. Conversely, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) showed a constant trend, suggesting that it is not a reliable indicator of OM source in the Clyde. Neither BIT, δ13C nor C/N were able to reflect the input of urban effluents from Glasgow.

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The exploitation of lakes has led to large-scale contemporary impacts on freshwater systems, largely in response to catchment clearance. Such clearance is causing changes to carbon dynamics in tropical lakes which may have significance for wider carbon budgets, depending on the changes in carbon sequestration and mineralisation driven by changing roles of terrestrial and aquatic carbon in lakes over time. Despite increasing awareness of the pivotal role of carbon source in carbon dynamics, discriminating the source of carbon from a palaeolimnological record is rarely undertaken. Here we use novel geochemical techniques (brGDGTs, n-alkanes, Rock-Eval pyrolysis), paired with traditional analyses (diatoms, pollen), to elucidate changing sources of carbon through time and ecosystem response. Environmental changes at Lake Nyamogusingiri can be divided into three phases: Phase I (CE 1150–1275), a shallow and productive lake, where a diverse terrestrial environment is, initially, the main carbon source, before switching to an aquatic source; Phase II (CE 1275–1900), variable lake levels (generally in decline) with increasing productivity, and carbon is autochthonous in source; Phase III (CE 1900–2007), lake level declines, and the carbon is of a mixed source, though the terrestrially derived carbon is from a less diverse source. The organic geochemical analyses provide a wealth of data regarding the complexity of aquatic response to catchment and with-in lake changes. These data demonstrate that small, tropical lake systems have the potential to bury high quantities of carbon, which has implications for the disruption of local biogeochemical cycles (C, P, N, and Si) both in the past, and the future as human and climate pressures increase.

Fossil-bearing deposits in the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica indicate that, despite the cold nature of the continent’s climate, a tundra ecosystem grew during periods of ice sheet retreat in the mid to late Neogene (17–2.5 Ma), 480 km from the South Pole. To date, palaeotemperature reconstruction has been based only on biological ranges, thereby calling for a geochemical approach to understanding continental climate and environment. There is contradictory evidence in the fossil record as to whether this flora was mixed angiosperm-conifer vegetation, or whether by this point conifers had disappeared from the continent. In order to address these questions, we have analysed, for the first time in sediments of this age, plant and bacterial biomarkers in terrestrial sediments from the Transantarctic Mountains to reconstruct past temperature and vegetation during a period of East Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat. From tetraether lipids (MBT’/CBT palaeothermometer), we conclude that the mean continental summer temperature was ca. 5 °C, in agreement with previous reconstructions. This was warm enough to have allowed woody vegetation to survive and reproduce even during the austral winter. Biomarkers from vascular plants indicate a low diversity and spatially variable flora consisting of higher plants, moss and algal mats growing in microenvironments in a glacial outwash system. Abietane-type compounds were abundant in some samples, indicating that conifers, most likely Podocarpaceae, grew on the Antarctic continent well into the Neogene. This is supported by the palynological record, but not the macrofossil record for the continent, and has implications for the evolution of vegetation on Antarctica.

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The exploitation of lakes has led to large-scale contemporary impacts on freshwater systems, largely in response to catchment clearance. Such clearance is causing changes to carbon dynamics in tropical lakes which may have significance for wider carbon budgets, depending on the changes in carbon sequestration and mineralisation driven by changing roles of terrestrial and aquatic carbon in lakes over time. Despite increasing awareness of the pivotal role of carbon source in carbon dynamics, discriminating the source of carbon from a palaeolimnological record is rarely undertaken. Here we use novel geochemical techniques (brGDGTs, n-alkanes, Rock-Eval pyrolysis), paired with traditional analyses (diatoms, pollen), to elucidate changing sources of carbon through time and ecosystem response. Environmental changes at Lake Nyamogusingiri can be divided into three phases: Phase I (CE 1150–1275), a shallow and productive lake, where a diverse terrestrial environment is, initially, the main carbon source, before switching to an aquatic source; Phase II (CE 1275–1900), variable lake levels (generally in decline) with increasing productivity, and carbon is autochthonous in source; Phase III (CE 1900–2007), lake level declines, and the carbon is of a mixed source, though the terrestrially derived carbon is from a less diverse source. The organic geochemical analyses provide a wealth of data regarding the complexity of aquatic response to catchment and with-in lake changes. These data demonstrate that small, tropical lake systems have the potential to bury high quantities of carbon, which has implications for the disruption of local biogeochemical cycles (C, P, N, and Si) both in the past, and the future as human and climate pressures increase.

Fossil-bearing deposits in the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica indicate that, despite the cold nature of the continent’s climate, a tundra ecosystem grew during periods of ice sheet retreat in the mid to late Neogene (17–2.5 Ma), 480 km from the South Pole. To date, palaeotemperature reconstruction has been based only on biological ranges, thereby calling for a geochemical approach to understanding continental climate and environment. There is contradictory evidence in the fossil record as to whether this flora was mixed angiosperm-conifer vegetation, or whether by this point conifers had disappeared from the continent. In order to address these questions, we have analysed, for the first time in sediments of this age, plant and bacterial biomarkers in terrestrial sediments from the Transantarctic Mountains to reconstruct past temperature and vegetation during a period of East Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat. From tetraether lipids (MBT’/CBT palaeothermometer), we conclude that the mean continental summer temperature was ca. 5 °C, in agreement with previous reconstructions. This was warm enough to have allowed woody vegetation to survive and reproduce even during the austral winter. Biomarkers from vascular plants indicate a low diversity and spatially variable flora consisting of higher plants, moss and algal mats growing in microenvironments in a glacial outwash system. Abietane-type compounds were abundant in some samples, indicating that conifers, most likely Podocarpaceae, grew on the Antarctic continent well into the Neogene. This is supported by the palynological record, but not the macrofossil record for the continent, and has implications for the evolution of vegetation on Antarctica.

Intertidal foreshore sediments from a 110 km stretch of the Thames Estuary were analysed for glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) to track soil organic matter (OM) input and evaluate the impact of coastal urbanisation on their distribution. Concentration of branched (br)GDGTs ranged from < 1 to 15 μg/g organic carbon (OC) and crenarchaeol ranged from 0.6 to 19 μg/g OC. An overall decrease in brGDGTs was observed from the inner Thames (Brentford) to the outer Thames (Isle of Grain), suggesting a drop in soil OM input towards the sea. In contrast, crenarchaeol concentration was highest around east London rather than towards the open sea. Such elevated crenarchaeol concentration occurred in the section of the river most influenced by anthropogenic pollution, such as discharge points for London’s major sewage treatment plants, docks and power plants. The non-systematic spatial distribution of crenarchaeol was also reflected in the branched isoprenoid tetraether (BIT) index. The highest BIT values occurred upstream and in close proximity to salt marshes (0.8–1), whereas the lowest values (0.3–0.5) were towards the sea. However, unusually low values (0.4) were observed in the river section that had high crenarchaeol concentration. In contrast, bulk δ13C values were insensitive to London’s anthropogenic influence. This suggests that the natural systematic decrease in BIT index in the estuary is overprinted by London’s anthropogenic activity between Deptford Creek and Tilbury. We therefore advise caution when interpreting the BIT index for sediments in close proximity to megacities discharging industrial and municipal waste that can become incorporated into the near surface sedimentary record.

Several proxies have been developed to reconstruct past sea surface temperature (SST), but different proxies may reflect temperatures of different seasons and each proxy is characterized by certain uncertainties. Therefore, a multiproxy approach is preferred to precisely reconstruct SST. Here, we reconstruct SST of the ocean offshore southeastern Australia (Murray Canyons area) for the last ~135 ka using three independent organic proxies (TEXH86 based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), UK'37 based on alkenones, and LDI based on long-chain diols) in addition to foraminiferal faunal assemblages. The organic proxy records show similar trends, with the highest temperature (21°C for UK'37 and TEXH86, and 25°C for LDI) during the last interglacial and lowest temperature (8°C for TEXH86, 10°C for UK'37, and 12°C for LDI) during the Last Glacial Maximum. However, the differences in absolute SST estimates obtained by the organic proxies varied over time with differences of up to 9°C between LDI and TEXH86. The seasonal SST reconstructions based on the modern analogue of foraminiferal assemblages also show similar trends as the organic proxies with highest temperatures during the last interglacial (23°C for the warmest month SST, 20°C for mean annual, and 18°C for the coolest month) and lowest temperature during the Last Glacial Maximum (14°C for the warmest month, 11°C for mean annual, and 9°C for the coolest month). Down core comparison between the reconstructed SSTs of the organic and inorganic proxies shows that LDI-inferred temperatures compare well with the temperature of the warmest month, TEXH86 with the temperature of the coolest month, and UK'37 with mean annual temperature. An increase in TEXH86 SST estimates relative to those of other proxies during deglaciations and interglacials suggests that either winter temperatures rapidly warmed, possibly due to an invigoration of the Leeuwin Current over the core site, or there was a change in the growth sea

Several proxies have been developed to reconstruct past sea surface temperature (SST), but different proxies may reflect temperatures of different seasons and each proxy is characterized by certain uncertainties. Therefore, a multiproxy approach is preferred to precisely reconstruct SST. Here, we reconstruct SST of the ocean offshore southeastern Australia (Murray Canyons area) for the last ~135 ka using three independent organic proxies (TEXH86 based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), UK'37 based on alkenones, and LDI based on long-chain diols) in addition to foraminiferal faunal assemblages. The organic proxy records show similar trends, with the highest temperature (21°C for UK'37 and TEXH86, and 25°C for LDI) during the last interglacial and lowest temperature (8°C for TEXH86, 10°C for UK'37, and 12°C for LDI) during the Last Glacial Maximum. However, the differences in absolute SST estimates obtained by the organic proxies varied over time with differences of up to 9°C between LDI and TEXH86. The seasonal SST reconstructions based on the modern analogue of foraminiferal assemblages also show similar trends as the organic proxies with highest temperatures during the last interglacial (23°C for the warmest month SST, 20°C for mean annual, and 18°C for the coolest month) and lowest temperature during the Last Glacial Maximum (14°C for the warmest month, 11°C for mean annual, and 9°C for the coolest month). Down core comparison between the reconstructed SSTs of the organic and inorganic proxies shows that LDI-inferred temperatures compare well with the temperature of the warmest month, TEXH86 with the temperature of the coolest month, and UK'37 with mean annual temperature. An increase in TEXH86 SST estimates relative to those of other proxies during deglaciations and interglacials suggests that either winter temperatures rapidly warmed, possibly due to an invigoration of the Leeuwin Current over the core site, or there was a change in the growth sea

Several proxies have been developed to reconstruct past sea surface temperature (SST), but different proxies may reflect temperatures of different seasons and each proxy is characterized by certain uncertainties. Therefore, a multiproxy approach is prefer

Multiple organic proxies are used to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) but are rarely applied in concert. Furthermore, they have not been extensively calibrated for the Southern Hemisphere, particularly Australian waters. In an attempt to remedy t

A substantial extinction of megafauna occurred in Australia between 50 and 45 kyr ago, a period that coincides with human colonization of Australia. Large shifts in vegetation also occurred around this time, but it is unclear whether the vegetation change

Steryl alkyl ethers (SAEs) have been reported from marine sediments ranging from Holocene to Lower Cretaceous and their production has been linked to upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water. However, the lack of continuous stratigraphic records for them has complicated validation of the precise connection of their production, sedimentary distribution and survival to climatic conditions. Here, we report an SAE record that spans the last ca. 135ka from a core taken offshore southeastern Australia in the Murray Canyons Group region. The SAEs are composed predominantly of C27-C30 steroid moieties with one or two double bonds, ether-bound to C10-C11 alkyl moieties. Some of the SAEs are identical to those reported in marine sediments, whereas others have not been identified previously. They do not exhibit any systematic change in distribution over the past 110ka but sediments older than 110ka possess a different assemblage, with a higher amount of constituents containing a C11 alkyl moiety. The SAE accumulation rate increases rapidly during glacial episodes and for intervals characterized by a sharp decline in sea-surface temperature. The results suggest that SAEs may be related to marine eukaryotes that thrive when there is an influx of cold, deep waters in the Murray Canyons Group region, likely triggered by stronger westerlies over southeastern Australia forcing deeper water to reach the surface during glacials.

Several proxies have been developed to reconstruct past sea surface temperature (SST), but different proxies may reflect temperatures of different seasons and each proxy is characterized by certain uncertainties. Therefore, a multiproxy approach is preferred to precisely reconstruct SST. Here, we reconstruct SST of the ocean offshore southeastern Australia (Murray Canyons area) for the last ~135 ka using three independent organic proxies (TEXH86 based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), UK'37 based on alkenones, and LDI based on long-chain diols) in addition to foraminiferal faunal assemblages. The organic proxy records show similar trends, with the highest temperature (21°C for UK'37 and TEXH86, and 25°C for LDI) during the last interglacial and lowest temperature (8°C for TEXH86, 10°C for UK'37, and 12°C for LDI) during the Last Glacial Maximum. However, the differences in absolute SST estimates obtained by the organic proxies varied over time with differences of up to 9°C between LDI and TEXH86. The seasonal SST reconstructions based on the modern analogue of foraminiferal assemblages also show similar trends as the organic proxies with highest temperatures during the last interglacial (23°C for the warmest month SST, 20°C for mean annual, and 18°C for the coolest month) and lowest temperature during the Last Glacial Maximum (14°C for the warmest month, 11°C for mean annual, and 9°C for the coolest month). Down core comparison between the reconstructed SSTs of the organic and inorganic proxies shows that LDI-inferred temperatures compare well with the temperature of the warmest month, TEXH86 with the temperature of the coolest month, and UK'37 with mean annual temperature. An increase in TEXH86 SST estimates relative to those of other proxies during deglaciations and interglacials suggests that either winter temperatures rapidly warmed, possibly due to an invigoration of the Leeuwin Current over the core site, or there was a change in the growth sea

The connection between madness and work in the context of mental health and solidarity economy in the establishment of an intersectorial public policy for social inclusion through work, in current development since 2004, is the main focus of this research account which was carried out through two different proceedings: bibliographical and field research. The bibliographical research focused on work, exclusion/inclusion and subjectivity. The documents that were analyzed derived from psychiatric reform, solidarity economy and its articulation with mental health, as well as a study of the current experiences in Brazil. The field research was conducted in a Psychosocial Healthcare Center (CAPs) through the Intervenient Mechanism as an intervention praxis in constituting a social inclusion initiative through work. This research brought out some reflections on the intertwining of madness and work concerning the ways and meaning and the impact of the latter for the lives of those people who seek social inclusion. In the mental health and solidarity economy articulation it was realized that there is a centrality of work when it means a therapeutic resource, human rights, builder of subjectivity, and a great possibility of citizenship and empowerment as an instrument for social inclusion., A relação entre loucura e trabalho, no contexto da articulação saúde mental e economia solidária na elaboração de uma política pública intersetorial de inclusão social pelo trabalho, em curso desde 2004, é o tema de interesse deste relato de pesquisa realizado em dois momentos - pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo. A pesquisa bibliográfica teve como foco os temas trabalho, exclusão/inclusão e subjetividade. Realizou-se a análise de documentos da reforma psiquiátrica, da economia solidária, da articulação desta com a saúde mental e o levantamento das experiências em curso no Brasil. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPs), através do Dispositivo Intercessor, como práxis de intercessão visando a constituir uma iniciativa de inclusão social pelo trabalho. Esta pesquisa gerou reflexões a respeito do entrelaçamento entre a loucura e o trabalho em relação às formas, ao significado e ao impacto deste último na vida dos que buscam inclusão social. Na articulação saúde mental e economia solidária, pode-se observar que existe uma centralidade do trabalho onde a este são atribuídos significados como recurso terapêutico, direito humano, produtor de subjetividade e possibilidade concreta de cidadania e de emancipação como instrumento de inclusão social., La relación entre locura y trabajo, en el contexto de la articulación salud mental y economía solidaria en la elaboración de una política pública intersectorial de inclusión social por el trabajo, en curso desde 2004, es el tema de interés de este relato de investigación realizado en dos momentos - investigación bibliográfica e investigación de campo. La investigación bibliográfica tuvo como centro los temas trabajo, exclusión/inclusión y subjetividad. Se realizó el análisis de documentos de la reforma psiquiátrica, de la economía solidaria, de la articulación de esta con la salud mental y el relevamiento de las experiencias en curso en Brasil. La investigación de campo fue realizada en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial (CAPs), a través del Dispositivo Intercesor, como praxis de intercesión visando constituir una iniciativa de inclusión social por el trabajo. Esta investigación generó reflexiones al respecto del entrelazamiento entre la locura y el trabajo con relación a las formas, al significado y al impacto de este último en la vida de los que buscan inclusión social. En la articulación salud mental y economía solidaria, se puede observar que existe una centralidad del trabajo en donde a éste le son atribuidos significados como recurso terapéutico, derecho humano, productor de subjetividad y posibilidad concreta de ciudadanía y de emancipación como instrumento de inclusión social.

Several proxies have been developed to reconstruct past sea surface temperature (SST), but different proxies may reflect temperatures of different seasons and each proxy is characterized by certain uncertainties. Therefore, a multiproxy approach is preferred to precisely reconstruct SST. Here, we reconstruct SST of the ocean offshore southeastern Australia (Murray Canyons area) for the last ~135 ka using three independent organic proxies (TEXH86 based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), UK'37 based on alkenones, and LDI based on long-chain diols) in addition to foraminiferal faunal assemblages. The organic proxy records show similar trends, with the highest temperature (21°C for UK'37 and TEXH86, and 25°C for LDI) during the last interglacial and lowest temperature (8°C for TEXH86, 10°C for UK'37, and 12°C for LDI) during the Last Glacial Maximum. However, the differences in absolute SST estimates obtained by the organic proxies varied over time with differences of up to 9°C between LDI and TEXH86. The seasonal SST reconstructions based on the modern analogue of foraminiferal assemblages also show similar trends as the organic proxies with highest temperatures during the last interglacial (23°C for the warmest month SST, 20°C for mean annual, and 18°C for the coolest month) and lowest temperature during the Last Glacial Maximum (14°C for the warmest month, 11°C for mean annual, and 9°C for the coolest month). Down core comparison between the reconstructed SSTs of the organic and inorganic proxies shows that LDI-inferred temperatures compare well with the temperature of the warmest month, TEXH86 with the temperature of the coolest month, and UK'37 with mean annual temperature. An increase in TEXH86 SST estimates relative to those of other proxies during deglaciations and interglacials suggests that either winter temperatures rapidly warmed, possibly due to an invigoration of the Leeuwin Current over the core site, or there was a change in the growth sea

Several proxies have been developed to reconstruct past sea surface temperature (SST), but different proxies may reflect temperatures of different seasons and each proxy is characterized by certain uncertainties. Therefore, a multiproxy approach is preferred to precisely reconstruct SST. Here, we reconstruct SST of the ocean offshore southeastern Australia (Murray Canyons area) for the last ~135 ka using three independent organic proxies (TEX H86 based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), UK'37 based on alkenones, and LDI based on long-chain diols) in addition to foraminiferal faunal assemblages. The organic proxy records show similar trends, with the highest temperature (21°C for UK'37 and TEXH86, and 25°C for LDI) during the last interglacial and lowest temperature (8°C for TEX H86, 10°C for UK'37, and 12°C for LDI) during the Last Glacial Maximum. However, the differences in absolute SST estimates obtained by the organic proxies varied over time with differences of up to 9°C between LDI and TEXH86. The seasonal SST reconstructions based on the modern analogue of foraminiferal assemblages also show similar trends as the organic proxies with highest temperatures during the last interglacial (23°C for the warmest month SST, 20°C for mean annual, and 18°C for the coolest month) and lowest temperature during the Last Glacial Maximum (14°C for the warmest month, 11°C for mean annual, and 9°C for the coolest month). Down core comparison between the reconstructed SSTs of the organic and inorganic proxies shows that LDI-inferred temperatures compare well with the temperature of the warmest month, TEXH86 with the temperature of the coolest month, and UK'37 with mean annual temperature. An increase in TEXH86 SST estimates relative to those of other proxies during deglaciations and interglacials suggests that either winter temperatures rapidly warmed, possibly due to an invigoration of the Leeuwin Current over the core site, or there was a change in the growth s

NW Africa and SE Australia are regions which are particularly vulnerable to climate change. In this thesis, organic proxies are used from marine sediment cores to reconstruct past environmental conditions from these areas. In sediments from NW Africa, the UK'37 showed an efficient proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction, while the TEXH86 reconstructed thermocline temperatures. The UK'37 and TEXH86 records for the last 192 ka showed that periods of reduced AMOC coincide with a reduction in the vertical temperature gradient. Thus, variations in AMOC strength is a driver of the thermocline structure in the tropical Atlantic. Three independent organic proxies (UK’37,TEXH86 and LDI) were used to reconstruct SSTs for the last 135 ka in sediments from offshore SE Australia. Comparison with SST estimates based on foraminiferal assemblages shows that LDI temperatures compared well with the temperature of the warmest month, TEXH86 with the temperature of the coolest month and UK’37 with mean annual temperature. Thus, the application of these 3 proxies together at this area enables the reconstruction of SST variations from different seasons. Accumulation rates and concentrations of biomarkers from marine plankton classes were used to examine the changes in productivity at the above mentioned sites during the late Quaternary. In NW Africa, a positive correlation was observed between TOC content, productivity proxies (for dinoflagellates, eustigmatophytes, haptophytes) and the sedimentary Fe, in particular during periods of high aridity on the continent. Thus, the productivity in this area is considerably influenced by the fertilization effect of the Sahara dust, while in SE Australia, Proboscia diatom productivity seems to be controlled by the transport of silicic acid to this area as increases in its productivity matched increased diatom productivity observed at some sites of the tropical equatorial Pacific. To assess changes in the vegetation of NW Africa and S

NW Africa and SE Australia are regions which are particularly vulnerable to climate change. In this thesis, organic proxies are used from marine sediment cores to reconstruct past environmental conditions from these areas. In sediments from NW Africa, the UK'37 showed an efficient proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction, while the TEXH86 reconstructed thermocline temperatures. The UK'37 and TEXH86 records for the last 192 ka showed that periods of reduced AMOC coincide with a reduction in the vertical temperature gradient. Thus, variations in AMOC strength is a driver of the thermocline structure in the tropical Atlantic. Three independent organic proxies (UK’37,TEXH86 and LDI) were used to reconstruct SSTs for the last 135 ka in sediments from offshore SE Australia. Comparison with SST estimates based on foraminiferal assemblages shows that LDI temperatures compared well with the temperature of the warmest month, TEXH86 with the temperature of the coolest month and UK’37 with mean annual temperature. Thus, the application of these 3 proxies together at this area enables the reconstruction of SST variations from different seasons. Accumulation rates and concentrations of biomarkers from marine plankton classes were used to examine the changes in productivity at the above mentioned sites during the late Quaternary. In NW Africa, a positive correlation was observed between TOC content, productivity proxies (for dinoflagellates, eustigmatophytes, haptophytes) and the sedimentary Fe, in particular during periods of high aridity on the continent. Thus, the productivity in this area is considerably influenced by the fertilization effect of the Sahara dust, while in SE Australia, Proboscia diatom productivity seems to be controlled by the transport of silicic acid to this area as increases in its productivity matched increased diatom productivity observed at some sites of the tropical equatorial Pacific. To assess changes in the vegetation of NW Africa and S

Currently, in the Bologna context, university teaching methods focus on the student and on a learning experience based on practical methods. Under the guidance of teachers, students in the second year of the first Environmental Health Course at the Polytechnic Institute of Beja have designed and developed the following nine community intervention projects relating to environmental health: dangerous products (mercury); habitability and geriatrics; health education and the environment; drinking water; information and communication in environmental health; efficient use of resources in public buildings; child development in outdoor spaces; and allergenic factors in housing. This pedagogical action takes place over three semesters, corresponding to the three distinct phases: design, implementation and evaluation / dissemination. To ensure the viability of the projects, each group of three students has established partnerships with various entities, such as city and parish councils, hospitals, schools, consumer cooperatives, companies dealing with hazardous waste, the Youth Institute and other commercial enterprises. Although it has not been possible to evaluate the whole project, preliminary results suggest that the planned activities have been very successful, with health benefits for the people involved, through environmental improvements or an increase in empowerment. It was also possible to achieve economic gains and contribute to the conservation of the environment. The students were able to gain skills and knowledge in a teaching model characterized by the absence of lectures in which students, assisted by teachers, take decisions and independent action, simulating a real context of professional practice. This experience suggests that, by utilizing the Bologna method, the polytechnic institutions may improve their real contribution to the health of communities., Actualmente y en el marco del Plan de Bolonia, las actividades docentes universitarias están centradas en el alumno y el aprendizaje basado en métodos prácticos. Bajo la preceptiva dirección de los profesores, los estudiantes del Curso de Salud Ambiental en el Instituto Politécnico de Beja, han diseñado y puesto en práctica nueve proyectos de intervención comunitaria en salud ambiental en productos peligrosos (mercurio), habitabilidad y geriatría, educación para la salud y medio ambiente, agua potable, información y comunicación en salud ambiental, uso eficiente de los recursos en los edificios públicos, desarrollo del niño en los espacios al aire libre y factores alergénicos en las viviendas. Esta acción pedagógica se lleva a cabo durante tres semestres, lo que corresponde a tres fases distintas: diseño, implementación y evaluación/difusión. A fin de garantizar la viabilidad de los proyectos, cada grupo de tres estudiantes ha establecido alianzas con diversas entidades tales como ayuntamientos, hospitales, escuelas, cooperativas de consumidores, empresas que se ocupan de los residuos peligrosos, Instituto de la Juventud y otro tipo de empresas. Aunque no ha sido posible evaluar el proyecto en su conjunto, los resultados preliminares sugieren ser optimistas dado que se ha logrado que las personas involucradas hayan alcanzado un mayor nivel de conocimiento que se ha traducido en mejoras medioambientales lo que sin duda puede generar ganancias en salud. También fue posible lograr beneficios económicos y contribuir a la conservación del medio ambiente. Se ha logrado que los estu- diantes adquieran habilidades y conocimientos en un modelo de enseñanza que se caracteriza por la ausencia de conferencias y en la que los estudiantes, asistidos por sus profesores, toman sus propias decisiones y caminan de forma autónoma, mediante la simulación de situaciones reales de la práctica profesional. Esta experiencia sugiere que las instituciones politécnicas cuando utilizan el proc, As atividades desenvolvidas visam a prática de um ensino orientado para o processo de Bolonha, centrado no aluno, na experiência e numa aprendizagem alicerçada em métodos práticos. Sob a orientação dos professores, os alunos do 2.o ano do I Curso de Saúde Ambiental do Instituto Politécnico de Beja conceberam e desenvolveram nove projetos de intervenção comunitária em saúde ambiental nas áreas, de produtos perigosos (mercúrio), da habitabilidade e geriatria, de educação para a saúde e ambiente, de água para consumo humano, da informação e comunicação em saúde ambiental, do uso eficiente de recursos em edifícios públicos, do desenvolvimento infantil em espaços exteriores e fatores alergénicos na habitação. Esta ação pedagógica decorre durante três semestres letivos, o que corresponde, a três fases distintas: conceção, execução e avaliação/divulgação. De forma a permitir a exequibilidade dos projetos, cada grupo de três alunos envolvidos estabeleceu parcerias com diversas entidades como câmaras municipais, juntas de freguesias, unidades hospitalares, estabelecimentos de ensino, cooperativas de consumo, empresas de tratamento de resíduos perigosos, Instituto da Juventude e empresas comerciais. Embora ainda não tenha sido possível avaliar a globalidade dos projetos, resultados preliminares sugerem um excelente sucesso das ações desenvolvidas, com ganhos em saúde para as populações envolvidas quer por alterações no ambiente quer por um aumento de empowerment. Foi igualmente possível obter mais-valias económicas e contribuir para a preservação do ambiente. Verificou-se ser exequível para os alunos ganhar competência e conhecimentos num modelo de ensino caracterizado pela ausência de aulas expositivas em que os discentes, auxiliados pelos docentes, tomam opções e percorrem o seu caminho de modo particularmente autónomo simulando um contexto real de exercício profissional. Esta experiência indicia que as instituições de ensino superior politécnico ao caminharem no sentido de

NW Africa and SE Australia are regions which are particularly vulnerable to climate change. In this thesis, organic proxies are used from marine sediment cores to reconstruct past environmental conditions from these areas. In sediments from NW Africa, the UK'37 showed an efficient proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction, while the TEXH86 reconstructed thermocline temperatures. The UK'37 and TEXH86 records for the last 192 ka showed that periods of reduced AMOC coincide with a reduction in the vertical temperature gradient. Thus, variations in AMOC strength is a driver of the thermocline structure in the tropical Atlantic. Three independent organic proxies (UK’37,TEXH86 and LDI) were used to reconstruct SSTs for the last 135 ka in sediments from offshore SE Australia. Comparison with SST estimates based on foraminiferal assemblages shows that LDI temperatures compared well with the temperature of the warmest month, TEXH86 with the temperature of the coolest month and UK’37 with mean annual temperature. Thus, the application of these 3 proxies together at this area enables the reconstruction of SST variations from different seasons. Accumulation rates and concentrations of biomarkers from marine plankton classes were used to examine the changes in productivity at the above mentioned sites during the late Quaternary. In NW Africa, a positive correlation was observed between TOC content, productivity proxies (for dinoflagellates, eustigmatophytes, haptophytes) and the sedimentary Fe, in particular during periods of high aridity on the continent. Thus, the productivity in this area is considerably influenced by the fertilization effect of the Sahara dust, while in SE Australia, Proboscia diatom productivity seems to be controlled by the transport of silicic acid to this area as increases in its productivity matched increased diatom productivity observed at some sites of the tropical equatorial Pacific. To assess changes in the vegetation of NW Africa and S

NW Africa and SE Australia are regions which are particularly vulnerable to climate change. In this thesis, organic proxies are used from marine sediment cores to reconstruct past environmental conditions from these areas. In sediments from NW Africa, the UK'37 showed an efficient proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction, while the TEXH86 reconstructed thermocline temperatures. The UK'37 and TEXH86 records for the last 192 ka showed that periods of reduced AMOC coincide with a reduction in the vertical temperature gradient. Thus, variations in AMOC strength is a driver of the thermocline structure in the tropical Atlantic. Three independent organic proxies (UK’37,TEXH86 and LDI) were used to reconstruct SSTs for the last 135 ka in sediments from offshore SE Australia. Comparison with SST estimates based on foraminiferal assemblages shows that LDI temperatures compared well with the temperature of the warmest month, TEXH86 with the temperature of the coolest month and UK’37 with mean annual temperature. Thus, the application of these 3 proxies together at this area enables the reconstruction of SST variations from different seasons. Accumulation rates and concentrations of biomarkers from marine plankton classes were used to examine the changes in productivity at the above mentioned sites during the late Quaternary. In NW Africa, a positive correlation was observed between TOC content, productivity proxies (for dinoflagellates, eustigmatophytes, haptophytes) and the sedimentary Fe, in particular during periods of high aridity on the continent. Thus, the productivity in this area is considerably influenced by the fertilization effect of the Sahara dust, while in SE Australia, Proboscia diatom productivity seems to be controlled by the transport of silicic acid to this area as increases in its productivity matched increased diatom productivity observed at some sites of the tropical equatorial Pacific. To assess changes in the vegetation of NW Africa and S

Currently, in the Bologna context, university teaching methods focus on the student and on a learning experience based on practical methods. Under the guidance of teachers, students in the second year of the first Environmental Health Course at the Polytechnic Institute of Beja have designed and developed the following nine community intervention projects relating to environmental health: dangerous products (mercury); habitability and geriatrics; health education and the environment; drinking water; information and communication in environmental health; efficient use of resources in public buildings; child development in outdoor spaces; and allergenic factors in housing. This pedagogical action takes place over three semesters, corresponding to the three distinct phases: design, implementation and evaluation / dissemination. To ensure the viability of the projects, each group of three students has established partnerships with various entities, such as city and parish councils, hospitals, schools, consumer cooperatives, companies dealing with hazardous waste, the Youth Institute and other commercial enterprises. Although it has not been possible to evaluate the whole project, preliminary results suggest that the planned activities have been very successful, with health benefits for the people involved, through environmental improvements or an increase in empowerment. It was also possible to achieve economic gains and contribute to the conservation of the environment. The students were able to gain skills and knowledge in a teaching model characterized by the absence of lectures in which students, assisted by teachers, take decisions and independent action, simulating a real context of professional practice. This experience suggests that, by utilizing the Bologna method, the polytechnic institutions may improve their real contribution to the health of communities., Actualmente y en el marco del Plan de Bolonia, las actividades docentes universitarias están centradas en el alumno y el aprendizaje basado en métodos prácticos. Bajo la preceptiva dirección de los profesores, los estudiantes del Curso de Salud Ambiental en el Instituto Politécnico de Beja, han diseñado y puesto en práctica nueve proyectos de intervención comunitaria en salud ambiental en productos peligrosos (mercurio), habitabilidad y geriatría, educación para la salud y medio ambiente, agua potable, información y comunicación en salud ambiental, uso eficiente de los recursos en los edificios públicos, desarrollo del niño en los espacios al aire libre y factores alergénicos en las viviendas. Esta acción pedagógica se lleva a cabo durante tres semestres, lo que corresponde a tres fases distintas: diseño, implementación y evaluación/difusión. A fin de garantizar la viabilidad de los proyectos, cada grupo de tres estudiantes ha establecido alianzas con diversas entidades tales como ayuntamientos, hospitales, escuelas, cooperativas de consumidores, empresas que se ocupan de los residuos peligrosos, Instituto de la Juventud y otro tipo de empresas. Aunque no ha sido posible evaluar el proyecto en su conjunto, los resultados preliminares sugieren ser optimistas dado que se ha logrado que las personas involucradas hayan alcanzado un mayor nivel de conocimiento que se ha traducido en mejoras medioambientales lo que sin duda puede generar ganancias en salud. También fue posible lograr beneficios económicos y contribuir a la conservación del medio ambiente. Se ha logrado que los estu- diantes adquieran habilidades y conocimientos en un modelo de enseñanza que se caracteriza por la ausencia de conferencias y en la que los estudiantes, asistidos por sus profesores, toman sus propias decisiones y caminan de forma autónoma, mediante la simulación de situaciones reales de la práctica profesional. Esta experiencia sugiere que las instituciones politécnicas cuando utilizan el proc, As atividades desenvolvidas visam a prática de um ensino orientado para o processo de Bolonha, centrado no aluno, na experiência e numa aprendizagem alicerçada em métodos práticos. Sob a orientação dos professores, os alunos do 2.o ano do I Curso de Saúde Ambiental do Instituto Politécnico de Beja conceberam e desenvolveram nove projetos de intervenção comunitária em saúde ambiental nas áreas, de produtos perigosos (mercúrio), da habitabilidade e geriatria, de educação para a saúde e ambiente, de água para consumo humano, da informação e comunicação em saúde ambiental, do uso eficiente de recursos em edifícios públicos, do desenvolvimento infantil em espaços exteriores e fatores alergénicos na habitação. Esta ação pedagógica decorre durante três semestres letivos, o que corresponde, a três fases distintas: conceção, execução e avaliação/divulgação. De forma a permitir a exequibilidade dos projetos, cada grupo de três alunos envolvidos estabeleceu parcerias com diversas entidades como câmaras municipais, juntas de freguesias, unidades hospitalares, estabelecimentos de ensino, cooperativas de consumo, empresas de tratamento de resíduos perigosos, Instituto da Juventude e empresas comerciais. Embora ainda não tenha sido possível avaliar a globalidade dos projetos, resultados preliminares sugerem um excelente sucesso das ações desenvolvidas, com ganhos em saúde para as populações envolvidas quer por alterações no ambiente quer por um aumento de empowerment. Foi igualmente possível obter mais-valias económicas e contribuir para a preservação do ambiente. Verificou-se ser exequível para os alunos ganhar competência e conhecimentos num modelo de ensino caracterizado pela ausência de aulas expositivas em que os discentes, auxiliados pelos docentes, tomam opções e percorrem o seu caminho de modo particularmente autónomo simulando um contexto real de exercício profissional. Esta experiência indicia que as instituições de ensino superior politécnico ao caminharem no sentido de