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Ski-orienteering, which combines cross-country skiing with orienteering, dates back to the late 1800s, with the first World Championships in 1975. While researchers have explored the physiological and biomechanical determinants of success in cross-country skiing and orienteering separately in detail, scientific knowledge concerning ski-orienteering remains limited. Based on the information that is presently available together with interviews with elite ski-orienteers, we explore here for the first time the historical development, physiological, biomechanical, and psychological demands, certain training strategies, and future prospects and challenges associated with this sport, including its potential to become an Olympic event. A demanding endurance sport (with racing times of 12–120 min), ski-orienteering requires both considerable aerobic and anaerobic capacity, as well as well-trained upper and lower body muscles. In addition, ski-orienteering demands advanced skiing technique on various types of terrain, with frequent changes between sub-techniques, on both wide and narrow tracks and with numerous turns on downhill terrain. Moreover, success in this sport requires accurate and rapid orienteering—the ability to navigate a complex network of ski tracks with numerous intersections/crossings in a manner designed to pass the multiple control points in the order indicated on the map as rapidly as possible, i.e., advanced spatial cognition and highly developed navigational skills. Thus, ski-orienteering requires training designed to improve both relevant physiological characteristics and orienteering skills, which should become the focus of future interdisciplinary research on this complex sport., Validerad;2024;Nivå 1;2024-09-11 (joosat);Full text license: CC BY 4.0

Ski-orienteering, which combines cross-country skiing with orienteering, dates back to the late 1800s, with the first World Championships in 1975. While researchers have explored the physiological and biomechanical determinants of success in cross-country skiing and orienteering separately in detail, scientific knowledge concerning ski-orienteering remains limited. Based on the information that is presently available together with interviews with elite ski-orienteers, we explore here for the first time the historical development, physiological, biomechanical, and psychological demands, certain training strategies, and future prospects and challenges associated with this sport, including its potential to become an Olympic event. A demanding endurance sport (with racing times of 12–120 min), ski-orienteering requires both considerable aerobic and anaerobic capacity, as well as well-trained upper and lower body muscles. In addition, ski-orienteering demands advanced skiing technique on various types of terrain, with frequent changes between sub-techniques, on both wide and narrow tracks and with numerous turns on downhill terrain. Moreover, success in this sport requires accurate and rapid orienteering—the ability to navigate a complex network of ski tracks with numerous intersections/crossings in a manner designed to pass the multiple control points in the order indicated on the map as rapidly as possible, i.e., advanced spatial cognition and highly developed navigational skills. Thus, ski-orienteering requires training designed to improve both relevant physiological characteristics and orienteering skills, which should become the focus of future interdisciplinary research on this complex sport.

Ski-orienteering, which combines cross-country skiing with orienteering, dates back to the late 1800s, with the first World Championships in 1975. While researchers have explored the physiological and biomechanical determinants of success in cross-country skiing and orienteering separately in detail, scientific knowledge concerning ski-orienteering remains limited. Based on the information that is presently available together with interviews with elite ski-orienteers, we explore here for the first time the historical development, physiological, biomechanical, and psychological demands, certain training strategies, and future prospects and challenges associated with this sport, including its potential to become an Olympic event. A demanding endurance sport (with racing times of 12–120 min), ski-orienteering requires both considerable aerobic and anaerobic capacity, as well as well-trained upper and lower body muscles. In addition, ski-orienteering demands advanced skiing technique on various types of terrain, with frequent changes between sub-techniques, on both wide and narrow tracks and with numerous turns on downhill terrain. Moreover, success in this sport requires accurate and rapid orienteering—the ability to navigate a complex network of ski tracks with numerous intersections/crossings in a manner designed to pass the multiple control points in the order indicated on the map as rapidly as possible, i.e., advanced spatial cognition and highly developed navigational skills. Thus, ski-orienteering requires training designed to improve both relevant physiological characteristics and orienteering skills, which should become the focus of future interdisciplinary research on this complex sport., Validerad;2024;Nivå 1;2024-09-11 (joosat);Full text license: CC BY 4.0

Ski-orienteering, which combines cross-country skiing with orienteering, dates back to the late 1800s, with the first World Championships in 1975. While researchers have explored the physiological and biomechanical determinants of success in cross-country skiing and orienteering separately in detail, scientific knowledge concerning ski-orienteering remains limited. Based on the information that is presently available together with interviews with elite ski-orienteers, we explore here for the first time the historical development, physiological, biomechanical, and psychological demands, certain training strategies, and future prospects and challenges associated with this sport, including its potential to become an Olympic event. A demanding endurance sport (with racing times of 12–120 min), ski-orienteering requires both considerable aerobic and anaerobic capacity, as well as well-trained upper and lower body muscles. In addition, ski-orienteering demands advanced skiing technique on various types of terrain, with frequent changes between sub-techniques, on both wide and narrow tracks and with numerous turns on downhill terrain. Moreover, success in this sport requires accurate and rapid orienteering—the ability to navigate a complex network of ski tracks with numerous intersections/crossings in a manner designed to pass the multiple control points in the order indicated on the map as rapidly as possible, i.e., advanced spatial cognition and highly developed navigational skills. Thus, ski-orienteering requires training designed to improve both relevant physiological characteristics and orienteering skills, which should become the focus of future interdisciplinary research on this complex sport.

Ski-orienteering, which combines cross-country skiing with orienteering, dates back to the late 1800s, with the first World Championships in 1975. While researchers have explored the physiological and biomechanical determinants of success in cross-country skiing and orienteering separately in detail, scientific knowledge concerning ski-orienteering remains limited. Based on the information that is presently available together with interviews with elite ski-orienteers, we explore here for the first time the historical development, physiological, biomechanical, and psychological demands, certain training strategies, and future prospects and challenges associated with this sport, including its potential to become an Olympic event. A demanding endurance sport (with racing times of 12–120 min), ski-orienteering requires both considerable aerobic and anaerobic capacity, as well as well-trained upper and lower body muscles. In addition, ski-orienteering demands advanced skiing technique on various types of terrain, with frequent changes between sub-techniques, on both wide and narrow tracks and with numerous turns on downhill terrain. Moreover, success in this sport requires accurate and rapid orienteering—the ability to navigate a complex network of ski tracks with numerous intersections/crossings in a manner designed to pass the multiple control points in the order indicated on the map as rapidly as possible, i.e., advanced spatial cognition and highly developed navigational skills. Thus, ski-orienteering requires training designed to improve both relevant physiological characteristics and orienteering skills, which should become the focus of future interdisciplinary research on this complex sport.

Ski-orienteering, which combines cross-country skiing with orienteering, dates back to the late 1800s, with the first World Championships in 1975. While researchers have explored the physiological and biomechanical determinants of success in cross-country skiing and orienteering separately in detail, scientific knowledge concerning ski-orienteering remains limited. Based on the information that is presently available together with interviews with elite ski-orienteers, we explore here for the first time the historical development, physiological, biomechanical, and psychological demands, certain training strategies, and future prospects and challenges associated with this sport, including its potential to become an Olympic event. A demanding endurance sport (with racing times of 12–120 min), ski-orienteering requires both considerable aerobic and anaerobic capacity, as well as well-trained upper and lower body muscles. In addition, ski-orienteering demands advanced skiing technique on various types of terrain, with frequent changes between sub-techniques, on both wide and narrow tracks and with numerous turns on downhill terrain. Moreover, success in this sport requires accurate and rapid orienteering—the ability to navigate a complex network of ski tracks with numerous intersections/crossings in a manner designed to pass the multiple control points in the order indicated on the map as rapidly as possible, i.e., advanced spatial cognition and highly developed navigational skills. Thus, ski-orienteering requires training designed to improve both relevant physiological characteristics and orienteering skills, which should become the focus of future interdisciplinary research on this complex sport.

Soccer is mentally as well as physically fatiguing. Negative effects of isolated mental fatigue on soccer performance have been reported, however, it doe s not appear isolated in soccer. This study compared the effects of baseline, mental fatigue and combined mental and physical fatigue on soccer performance. Voluntarily, 18 male soccer practitioners (23.61 ± 4.12y) participated in six randomized and crossover sessions– two non-induced fatigue baseline (30 min. documentary), 2 isolated mental fatigue (30 min. Incongruent Stroop) and 2 combined physical and mental fatigue (30 min. Incongruent Stroop while cycling at 80-85% of the theoretical Maximum Heart Rate). The Visual Analogue Scale pre- and post- fatiguing protocol for mental fatigue, and the Questionnaire to Quantify Mental Load in Sports Team for mental load post-fatiguing protocol were collect ed. The Loughborough shooting and passing test were performed post - fatiguing protocols. Results revealed the combined protocol as the most mentally loading and fatiguing, showing significant differences when compared with isolated mental fatigue and basel ine (p<.001). Isolat ed mental fatigue was significantly more mentally loading (p<.001) and fatiguing (p<.001) that baseline. Significant impairments on soccer performance were observed after isolated mental fatigue and combined protocols in comparison with baseline (p<.001). However, these impairments were significantly higher after combined than isolated mental fatigue (p<.043). In conclusion, the presence of physical fatigue combined with mental fatigue exacerbates the negative effects that isolated mental fatigue causes on soccer performance

PURPOSE: Mental fatigue is emerging as an important consideration for elite sporting performance, yet it is rarely monitored. The present study assessed changes in mental fatigue in professional team-sport athletes across 2 seasons and examined the relationship between mental fatigue and other athlete self-report measures of well-being. METHODS: Elite netballers contracted to all teams competing in Australia's premier professional netball competition during the 2018 and 2019 seasons (N = 154) participated. Using 5-point Likert scales, mental fatigue, fatigue (physical), tiredness, sleep quality, stress, mood, and motivation were assessed daily across 2 seasons composed of 14 round and finals series. RESULTS: The ratings of mental fatigue significantly changed during both seasons. In 2018, lower ratings of mental fatigue were reported in round 1 versus 3, 4, 6, 8, and 14; round 7 versus 6; and round 6 versus 10 (P < .05). In 2019, lower ratings of mental fatigue were identified for round 1 versus 3, 9, 10 to 14, and semifinal; round 2 versus 10 to 13; and 5 versus 10 to 12 (P < .05). Ordinal regression revealed significant differences between mental fatigue and physical fatigue (P < .001), tiredness (P < .001), stress (P < .001), mood (P < .001), and motivation (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study found mental fatigue to significantly fluctuate across a season in elite netballers. Moreover, perceived mental fatigue differed from physical fatigue, tiredness, stress, mood, and motivation. The data impress the need for mental fatigue to be included as an independent measure of athlete well-being. Monitoring of mental fatigue can allow practitioners to implement strategies to manage its influence on performance.

[Resumen]: En la última década han aparecido una serie de estudios que han demostrado que la fatiga mental puede afectar no sólo al rendimiento cognitivo si no también al rendimiento físico. A pesar de que actualmente, no existe un consenso entre los diferentes tipos de pruebas de rendimiento en resistencia de los estudios, los resultados obtenidos parecen apuntar que las tareas mentalmente fatigosas tienen un efecto negativo sobre el rendimiento., [Abstract]: In the last decade, a series of studies have appeared that have shown that mental fatigue can affect not only cognitive performance but also physical performance. Although there is currently no consensus between the different types of endurance performance tests in the studies, the results obtained seem to indicate that mentally fatiguing tasks have a negative effect on performance.

Sleep continuity and efficacy are essential for optimal cognitive functions. How sleep fragmentation (SF) impairs cognitive functioning, and especially cognitive fatigue (CF), remains elusive. We investigated the impact of induced SF on CF through the TloadDback task, measuring interindividual variability in working memory capacity. Sixteen participants underwent an adaptation polysomnography night and three consecutive nights, once in a SF condition induced by non-awakening auditory stimulations, once under restorative sleep (RS) condition, counterbalanced within-subject. In both conditions, participants were administered memory, vigilance, inhibition and verbal fluency testing, and for CF the TloadDback, as well as sleep questionnaires and fatigue and sleepiness visual analog scales were administered. Subjective fatigue increased and sleep architecture was altered after SF (reduced sleep efficiency, percentage of N3 and REM, number of NREM and REM phases) despite similar total sleep time. At the behavioral level, only inhibition deteriorated after SF, and CF similarly evolved in RS and SF conditions. In line with prior research, we show that SF disrupts sleep architecture and exerts a deleterious impact on subjective fatigue and inhibition. However, young healthy participants appear able to compensate for CF induced by three consecutive SF nights. Further studies should investigate SF effects in extended and/or pathological disruption settings., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Purpose – Purpose was to model cognitive fatigue and evening physical fatigue together to determine subgroups of patients with distinct cognitive fatigue AND evening physical fatigue profiles. Once these profiles were identified, differences among the subgroups in demographic and clinical characteristics, co-occurring symptoms, and quality of life outcomes were evaluated.Methods – Oncology patients (n=1332) completed self-report measures of cognitive fatigue and evening physical fatigue, six times over two cycles of chemotherapy. Latent profile analysis, that combined the two symptom scores, was done to identify subgroups of patients with distinct cognitive fatigue AND evening physical fatigue profiles. Results – Three distinct profiles (i.e., Low (20.5%), Moderate (39.6%), High (39.6%) were identified. Compared to the Low class, patients in the High class were younger, female, more likely to live alone and had a higher comorbidity burden and a lower functional status. In addition, these patients had a higher symptom burden and a poorer quality of life. Conclusion – Based on clinically meaningful cutoff scores, 80% of the patients in this study had moderate to high levels of both cognitive fatigue and evening physical fatigue. In addition, these patients experienced high levels of other common symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, pain). These co-occurring symptoms and other modifiable characteristics associated with membership in the Moderate and High classes may be potential targets for individualized symptom management interventions.

Purpose – Purpose was to model cognitive fatigue and evening physical fatigue together to determine subgroups of patients with distinct cognitive fatigue AND evening physical fatigue profiles. Once these profiles were identified, differences among the subgroups in demographic and clinical characteristics, co-occurring symptoms, and quality of life outcomes were evaluated.Methods – Oncology patients (n=1332) completed self-report measures of cognitive fatigue and evening physical fatigue, six times over two cycles of chemotherapy. Latent profile analysis, that combined the two symptom scores, was done to identify subgroups of patients with distinct cognitive fatigue AND evening physical fatigue profiles. Results – Three distinct profiles (i.e., Low (20.5%), Moderate (39.6%), High (39.6%) were identified. Compared to the Low class, patients in the High class were younger, female, more likely to live alone and had a higher comorbidity burden and a lower functional status. In addition, these patients had a higher symptom burden and a poorer quality of life. Conclusion – Based on clinically meaningful cutoff scores, 80% of the patients in this study had moderate to high levels of both cognitive fatigue and evening physical fatigue. In addition, these patients experienced high levels of other common symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, pain). These co-occurring symptoms and other modifiable characteristics associated with membership in the Moderate and High classes may be potential targets for individualized symptom management interventions.

To do a schedule for pupils in a school-setting is a hard and arduous task for any school. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility to move towards an pupil-oriented scheduling process in which the pupils themselves was given the opportunity to assess when they wanted different school-subject taught. The research questions in this study were whether or not pupils had clear preferences on when subject should be taught and why they did. The paper also deals with the question if the teachers had a similar perception of scheduling as the pupils. The theory of choice methods was utilized in a web-based questionnaire that was sent to a middle-school (year 7-9). The result in this study shows clear preferences between subject on when pupils want them to be scheduled with theory-based subjects in the beginning of the school-day and more practical and esthetic subjects later in the day. The conclusion of this this study is that because there are clear indications of preference of when different subject should be scheduled. Schools could utilize the result to move toward a pupil-oriented scheduling paradigm which could increase concentration and reduce the onset of fatigue during long days and therefore increase the pupils learning ability and school results.

To do a schedule for pupils in a school-setting is a hard and arduous task for any school. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility to move towards an pupil-oriented scheduling process in which the pupils themselves was given the opportunity to assess when they wanted different school-subject taught. The research questions in this study were whether or not pupils had clear preferences on when subject should be taught and why they did. The paper also deals with the question if the teachers had a similar perception of scheduling as the pupils. The theory of choice methods was utilized in a web-based questionnaire that was sent to a middle-school (year 7-9). The result in this study shows clear preferences between subject on when pupils want them to be scheduled with theory-based subjects in the beginning of the school-day and more practical and esthetic subjects later in the day. The conclusion of this this study is that because there are clear indications of preference of when different subject should be scheduled. Schools could utilize the result to move toward a pupil-oriented scheduling paradigm which could increase concentration and reduce the onset of fatigue during long days and therefore increase the pupils learning ability and school results.

Purpose: Air transport is a highly regulated branch of aviation, but it continues to show occurrences where human error is present. Fatigue is now recognized as a hazard which degrades human performance and can put flight safety at risk. In this regard, the general objective of this study is to assess the impact of cognitive fatigue on airline pilots and how it can contribute to the occurrence of accidents and incidents. Design/methodology: Three airline pilots participated in the case study. The participants’ cognitive fatigue was monitored according to four methods, being two of them of a subjective nature – the sleep diary (SD) and the Samn-Perelli 7-Point Fatigue Scale (SPS), and the other two of an objective nature – the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) and the actigraphy (actiwatch ReadibandTM 5). During their flight duty periods (FDPs), the pilots’ performance was also assessed according to the score delivered by a fatigue management software (FAID®). Findings: The obtained results allowed to understand whether the pilots are aware of their alertness and to identify factors which affect their performance levels. Between the beginning and the end of each FDP, significant changes were observed concerning the assessment on the SPS scale, the reaction time (RT) and the fatigue score generated by the biomathematical models associated to the technique of the actigraphy and the software FAID®. Originality/value: The risk of accident or serious error was classified according to the four methodologies used. Thus, it is possible to verify if there is a correspondence between the different scales or if there are scales more conservative (with a higher associated risk) than others., Peer Reviewed

Objectives: To assess the magnitude of changes in, and relationships between, physical and mental fatigue pre-to-post match in elite development netballers. Design: Observational. Methods: Twelve female netballers (21.3 ± 2.9 years) competing in the Australian Netball League reported perceptual measures of mental and physical fatigue pre- and post-match on 12 separate competition occasions. Minutes played, to allow for calculation of weighted changes (ratings proportional to playing time), positional groups and performance analysis variables were also assessed. Results: Post-match ratings were higher (p < 0.01) than pre-match for both mental (pre: 31.02 ± 19.28; post: 44.73 ± 24.47) and physical fatigue (pre: 28.86 ± 15.37; post: 47.21 ± 24.67). The correlation coefficient between change in mental and physical fatigue (r = 0.37, p < 0.01) revealed a shared variance of 13.9%. Acute changes in mental fatigue were related to minutes played (r = 0.32, p < 0.01) as was change in physical fatigue (r = 0.59, p < 0.01). No differences in change in mental fatigue were found between positional groups (p = 0.07) though change in physical fatigue was higher for shooters compared to defenders (p < 0.05). Performance variables revealed no relationships with mental or physical fatigue, with the exception of turnover number with both post-match weighted physical (r= -0.23, p < 0.01) and weighted-change in physical fatigue (r = −0.16, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Mental and physical fatigue were found to increase across netball matches in elite development athletes. Mental fatigue emerged as a largely separate construct to physical fatigue.

The theses show an experimental research plan devoted to the study of changes in the activity of the cerebral cortex during fatigue with the use of auditory and visual stimulus., В тезисах приведен экспериментальный план исследования, посвященный изучению изменения активности коры головного мозга при утомлении с использованием аудиального и визуального стимулов.

Introduction: Although fatigue is a well-studied concept in neurological disease, cognitive fatigability (CF) is less understood. While most studies measure fatigue using subjective self-report, fewer have measured CF objectively. Given the negative impact of CF on quality-of-life, there is a need for targeted interventions. The objective of this review was to determine which procedural, behavioural and pharmacological treatments for objectively measured CF are available to people living with neurological conditions. Methods: In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, systematic searches for randomized control trials (RCTs), case-controlled studies and case reports/series were conducted across the Ovid Medline, PsycInfo, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. English-language articles published between 1980 and February 2019 were considered for eligibility. Included were those that objectively measured CF in individuals with neurological disease/disorder/dysfunction between the ages of 18 and 65 years. Studies were reviewed using a modified Cochrane Data Extraction Template. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The review process was facilitated using Covidence software (www.covidence.org). Two authors reviewed articles independently, with a third resolving conflicts regarding article inclusion. Results: The search identified 450 records. After duplicates were removed and remaining titles/abstracts were screened for eligibility, 28 full-text articles were assessed, and two studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Studies were a priori divided into those with pharmacological, procedural or behavioural interventions. Two studies met eligibility criteria; both of these included participants with multiple sclerosis. One st

Mental fatigue is a psychobiological state caused by prolonged periods of demanding cognitive activity shown to negatively influence physical performance. Variation exists across the literature regarding the manifestations and impact of mental fatigue; with little knowledge of the domain-specific manifestations in elite sport. The difficulties in defining mental fatigue may explain why it is not consistently assessed by coaching or support staff. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate athlete and staff understandings of mental fatigue in elite sport. Nine focus group discussions were conducted involving a total of 32 athletes (n = 17) and staff (n = 15) from elite sporting organisations. Athletes and staff believe mental fatigue negatively impacts sporting performance. Analysis revealed perceived associations between mental fatigue and changes in behaviour including, disengagement, decreased motivation and enthusiasm, increased displays of emotion and withdrawal. Changes in concentration, decreased discipline and attention to detail also emerged as descriptors of mental fatigue. Media engagements, study and work commitments were reported to induce mental fatigue. Repetitive tasks, over-analysis, thinking about the sport in question and environmental instability were further reported perceived causes. Experience and personality emerged as factors contributing to individual susceptibility. Mental fatigue is perceived to not only develop acutely but also build in a cumulative manner in the elite sporting environment. The present findings inform the design of future studies examining MF in elite athletes; they also hold the potential to improve how best to monitor and manage the condition in applied practice.

Fatigue induced by sustained cognitive demands often entails decreased behavioural performance and the unavailability of brain resources, either due to reduced levels or impaired access. In the present study, we investigated the neural dynamics underlying preserved behavioural performance after inducing cognitive fatigue (CF) in a sleep deprivation (SD) condition in which resources are naturally compromised. Using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we recorded cortical brain activity during task-related CF induction in the evening, in the middle of the night and early in the morning. Although cortical oxygenation similarly increased over the 3 sessions, decreased intra-hemispheric connectivity between left anterior frontal and frontal areas paralleled a sudden drop in task performance in the early morning. Our data indicate that decreased sustained attention after the induction of cognitive fatigue in a situation of high sleep pressure results from impaired connectivity between left prefrontal cortical areas rather than from a mere modulation in brain resources., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The chapter aims at analyzing the triggering of cognitive fatigue on resource availability and performance following sustained demands. For this purpose, 16 participants were chosen to undergo three episodes of interrupted sleep during the night to study what triggers cognitive fatigue, and results were recorded., SCOPUS: ch.b, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Several studies have reported beneficial effects of light exposure to counteract increased sleepiness and decreasing performance. However, little is known about the role of light exposure to prevent decreases of alertness due to high cognitive demands. In the current study, we investigated the effects of bright-light exposure to prevent increases in sleepiness and decreases in alertness induced by a dual working-memory task (TloadDback) in which high cognitive load (HCL) levels can be adapted to the individual’s maximal capacity., SCOPUS: ch.b, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Sustained cognitive demands may result in cognitive fatigue (CF), eventually leading to decreased behavioral performance and compromised brain resources. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) would counteract the behavioral and neurophysiological effects of CF. Twenty young healthy participants were tested in a within-subject counterbalanced order across two different days. Anodal tDCS (real vs. sham) was applied over the left prefrontal cortex. In the real tDCS condition, a current of 1.5 mA was delivered for 25 min. Cortical oxygenation changes were measured using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) on the frontal cortices. CF was triggered using the TloadDback task, a sustained working memory paradigm that allows tailoring task demands according to each individual's maximal cognitive capacity. Sustained cognitive load-related effects were assessed using pre- versus post-task subjective fatigue and sleepiness scales, evolution of performance accuracy within the task, indirect markers of dopaminergic activity (eye blinks), and cortical oxygenation changes (fNIRS) both during the task and pre- and post-task resting state periods. Results consistently disclosed significant CF-related effects on performance. Transcranial DCS was not effective to counteract the behavioral effects of CF. In the control (sham tDCS) condition, cerebral oxygen exchange (COE) levels significantly increased in the right hemisphere during the resting state immediately after the induction of CF, suggesting a depletion of brain resources. In contrast, tDCS combined with CF induction significantly shifted interhemispheric oxygenation balance during the post-training resting state. Additionally, increased self-reported sleepiness was associated with brain activity in the stimulated hemisphere after recovery from CF during the tDCS condition only, which might reflect a negative middle-term effect of tDCS application., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Fatigue is such a multifaceted construct it has sprouted specific research fields and experts in domains as different as exercise physiology, cognitive psychology, human factors and engineering, and medical practice. It lacks a consensus definition: it is an experimental concept, a symptom, a risk, a cause (e.g. of performance decrement) and a consequence (e.g. of sleep deprivation). This fragmentation of knowledge leads to slower dissemination of novel insights, and thus to a poorer research. Indeed, what may seem as a novel result in one field, may very well be old news in another, hence leading to this "innovation" being a scientific equivalent to the emperor's new clothes. The current paper aims to describe the common denominator in the different areas of expertise where fatigue is investigated. Indeed, rather than focusing on the differences in semantics and conceptualization, we hope that identifying common concepts may be inductive of easier multidisciplinary research. Considering the vastness of fatigue research in all areas identified as relevant-cognitive science, exercise physiology, and medical practice, this analysis has not the ambition to be an exhaustive review in all domains. We have reviewed the fatigue concepts and research in these areas and report the ones that are used to describe the proposed common model to be further investigated. The most promising common feature to cognitive science, exercise physiology and clinical practice is the notion of "perceived effort." This allows to account for interindividual differences, as well as for the situational variations in fatigue. It is applicable to both mental and physical constructs. It integrates motivational and emotional dimensions. It overcomes current polemics in various research fields, and it does not draw on any semantic ambiguity. We thus suggest a new model of fatigue and performance, whether this performance is mental or physical; and whether it is in a clinical range or relates to optim, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) disease frequently experience fatigue as their most debilitating symptom. Fatigue in MS partially refers to a cognitive component, cognitive fatigue (CF), characterized by a faster and stronger than usual development of the subjective feeling of exhaustion that follows sustained cognitive demands. The feeling of CF might result from supplementary task-related brain activity following MS-related demyelination and neurodegeneration. Besides, CF in MS disease might also stem from disrupted sleep. The present study investigated the association between the triggering of CF, task-related brain activity and sleep features. In a counterbalance mixed design, 10 patients with MS and 11 healthy controls were exposed twice for 16 min to a CF-inducing dual working memory updating task (TloadDback) under low or high cognitive demands conditions, counterbalanced. Considering known inter-individual differences and potential cognitive deficits in MS, the maximal cognitive load of the task was individually adapted to each participant's own upper limits. During the experimental sessions, cortical brain activity was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during the CF-induction task, and in a resting state immediately before and after. Ambulatory polysomnography recordings were obtained on the nights preceding experimental sessions. When cognitive load was individually adapted to their processing capabilities, patients with MS exhibited similar than healthy controls levels of subjectively perceived CF, evolution of performance during the task, and brain activity patterns. Linear mixed models indicate a negative association between oxygenation level changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the triggering of subjective CF in patients with MS only. Longer total sleep time was also associated with higher CF in MS patients. These results suggest that controlling for cognitive load between individuals with and without MS result, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Cognitive Fatigue (CF) is an important confound impacting cognitive performance. How CF is triggered and what are the features that make a cognitive effort perceived as exhausting remain unclear. In the theoretical framework of the Time-based Resource-sharing (TBRS) model (Barrouillet et al. 2004), we hypothesized that CF is an outcome of increased cognitive load due to constrained time to process ongoing cognitive demands. We tested this cognitive load-related CF hypothesis across 2 experiments manipulating both task complexity and cognitive load induced by the processing time interval. To do so, we used the TloadDback paradigm, a working memory dual task in which high and low cognitive load levels can be individually adjusted. In Experiment 1, participants were administered a high cognitive load (HCL, short processing time interval) and a low cognitive load (LCL, large processing time interval) conditions while complexity of the task was kept constant (1-back dual task). In Experiment 2, two tasks featuring different levels of complexity were both administered at the individual's maximal processing speed capacity for each task (i.e. short processing time interval). Results disclosed higher CF in the HCL than in the LCL condition in Experiment 1. On the contrary, in Experiment 2 similar levels of CF were obtained for different levels of task complexity when processing time interval was individually adjusted to induce a HCL condition. Altogether, our results indicate that processing time-related cognitive load eventually leads to the subjective feeling of CF, and to a decrease in alertness. In this framework, we propose that the development of CF can be envisioned as the result of sustained cognitive demands irrespective of task complexity., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Our aim was to find out the relationship of cognitive/somatic fatigue, sensitivity to punishment (SP)/sensitivity to reward (SR) (Gray) with ideas of reference (IR), and to analyze the mediator role of SP/SR between cognitive/somatic fatigue and IR. The sample was comprised of 79 patients and 329 controls, evaluated with the Referential Thinking Scale (REF), the Fatigue Scale (CFQ) and the SP/SR Questionnaire (SPSRQ). The Baron and Kenny (1986) model and the Preacher and Hayes (2008) procedure were used to test mediation. The model explains 42% of the variance. The direct effect decreased signifi cantly, mainly for SP, and the analysis of the indirect effect is valid for SP but not for SR. Cognitive and somatic fatigue predispose IR (Kretschmer) with participation of the SP system which may act as a mediator, more than a moderator. Cognitive/somatic fatigue may activate a system alerting of aversive (social) stimuli and thus increase the IR., Se analiza la relación entre la fatiga cognitiva/somática y las sensibilidades al castigo (SC)/recompensa (SR) (Gray) con las ideas de referencia (IR). Se estudia el papel mediador/moderador de los procesos SC/SR entre la fatiga cognitiva/somática y las IR. La muestra fueron 79 pacientes y 329 controles, evaluados con la Escala de IR (REF), Escala de Fatiga (CFQ) y Cuestionario de SC/SR (SPRSQ). Se utilizó el modelo de Baron y Kenny (1986) y el procedimiento de Preacher y Hayes (2008). El modelo explica un 42% de la varianza. El efecto directo disminuyó y el análisis del efecto indirecto es válido para la SC pero no para la SR. La fatiga cognitiva y somática predisponen a las IR (Kretschmer), con la participación de la SC, pudiendo ser más moderadora que mediadora. Quizá la fatiga cognitiva y somática activen un sistema sobre los estímulos (sociales) aversivos y se incrementen las IR.

Background: Clinical research stresses the importance of cognitive variables for predisposition, onset, and especially, perpetuation of perceived fatigue. The aim was to analyze the mediating effects of emotional symptomatology (somatic, depressive and anxiety) between anticipatory fatigue and perception of physical and cognitive fatigue. Methods: The sample was composed of 317 participants (29% from a clinical population) aged 18 to 76. Anticipatory fatigue and perception of fatigue were measured by fatigue scales. Emotional symptoms were assessed by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-28. Results: Depressive symptomatology mediated the relationship between anticipatory fatigue and cognitive fatigue in both groups, and also somatic symptoms/somatization in patients. The indirect effect of physical fatigue was observed only in the clinical group, with depressive symptoms partially mediating the anticipatory fatigue and cognitive fatigue relationship. Conclusions: Anticipatory fatigue has a partial indirect effect on total physical fatigue, and full indirect effect on cognitive fatigue, mediated by depressive and somatic symptoms. Anticipatory fatigue is a relevant cognitive factor in the design of psychological intervention for improvement of cognitive and physical fatigue., Antecedentes: la investigación clínica resalta la importancia de variables cognitivas en la predisposición, inicio y mantenimiento de la fatiga percibida. Se analizan los efectos de mediación de la sintomatología emocional entre la fatiga anticipatoria y la percepción de la fatiga física y cognitiva. Métodos: la muestra se compone de 317 participantes (29% de población clínica) de 18 a 76 años. La fatiga anticipatoria y la percepción de la fatiga se midieron a través de escalas de fatiga y los síntomas emocionales a través del Cuestionario GHQ-28. Resultados: la sintomatología depresiva media la relación entre fatiga anticipatoria y la fatiga cognitiva en ambos grupos, y también para el grupo de pacientes cuando además los síntomas son somáticos. En el caso de la fatiga física, el efecto indirecto se da solo para el grupo clínico, siendo la sintomatología depresiva la variable que media parcialmente la relación. Conclusiones: la fatiga anticipatoria tiene un efecto indirecto parcial sobre la fatiga física e indirecto total sobre la fatiga cognitiva, mediado por los síntomas depresivos y somáticos. Este factor cognitivo es relevante en el diseño de la intervención psicológica para la disminución de la fatiga cognitiva y física.

Our aim was to find out the relationship of cognitive/somatic fatigue, sensitivity to punishment (SP)/sensitivity to reward (SR) (Gray) with ideas of reference (IR), and to analyze the mediator role of SP/SR between cognitive/somatic fatigue and IR. The sample was comprised of 79 patients and 329 controls, evaluated with the Referential Thinking Scale (REF), the Fatigue Scale (CFQ) and the SP/SR Questionnaire (SPSRQ). The Baron and Kenny (1986) model and the Preacher and Hayes (2008) procedure were used to test mediation. The model explains 42% of the variance. The direct effect decreased signifi cantly, mainly for SP, and the analysis of the indirect effect is valid for SP but not for SR. Cognitive and somatic fatigue predispose IR (Kretschmer) with participation of the SP system which may act as a mediator, more than a moderator. Cognitive/somatic fatigue may activate a system alerting of aversive (social) stimuli and thus increase the IR., Se analiza la relación entre la fatiga cognitiva/somática y las sensibilidades al castigo (SC)/recompensa (SR) (Gray) con las ideas de referencia (IR). Se estudia el papel mediador/moderador de los procesos SC/SR entre la fatiga cognitiva/somática y las IR. La muestra fueron 79 pacientes y 329 controles, evaluados con la Escala de IR (REF), Escala de Fatiga (CFQ) y Cuestionario de SC/SR (SPRSQ). Se utilizó el modelo de Baron y Kenny (1986) y el procedimiento de Preacher y Hayes (2008). El modelo explica un 42% de la varianza. El efecto directo disminuyó y el análisis del efecto indirecto es válido para la SC pero no para la SR. La fatiga cognitiva y somática predisponen a las IR (Kretschmer), con la participación de la SC, pudiendo ser más moderadora que mediadora. Quizá la fatiga cognitiva y somática activen un sistema sobre los estímulos (sociales) aversivos y se incrementen las IR.

Background: Clinical research stresses the importance of cognitive variables for predisposition, onset, and especially, perpetuation of perceived fatigue. The aim was to analyze the mediating effects of emotional symptomatology (somatic, depressive and anxiety) between anticipatory fatigue and perception of physical and cognitive fatigue. Methods: The sample was composed of 317 participants (29% from a clinical population) aged 18 to 76. Anticipatory fatigue and perception of fatigue were measured by fatigue scales. Emotional symptoms were assessed by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-28. Results: Depressive symptomatology mediated the relationship between anticipatory fatigue and cognitive fatigue in both groups, and also somatic symptoms/somatization in patients. The indirect effect of physical fatigue was observed only in the clinical group, with depressive symptoms partially mediating the anticipatory fatigue and cognitive fatigue relationship. Conclusions: Anticipatory fatigue has a partial indirect effect on total physical fatigue, and full indirect effect on cognitive fatigue, mediated by depressive and somatic symptoms. Anticipatory fatigue is a relevant cognitive factor in the design of psychological intervention for improvement of cognitive and physical fatigue., Antecedentes: la investigación clínica resalta la importancia de variables cognitivas en la predisposición, inicio y mantenimiento de la fatiga percibida. Se analizan los efectos de mediación de la sintomatología emocional entre la fatiga anticipatoria y la percepción de la fatiga física y cognitiva. Métodos: la muestra se compone de 317 participantes (29% de población clínica) de 18 a 76 años. La fatiga anticipatoria y la percepción de la fatiga se midieron a través de escalas de fatiga y los síntomas emocionales a través del Cuestionario GHQ-28. Resultados: la sintomatología depresiva media la relación entre fatiga anticipatoria y la fatiga cognitiva en ambos grupos, y también para el grupo de pacientes cuando además los síntomas son somáticos. En el caso de la fatiga física, el efecto indirecto se da solo para el grupo clínico, siendo la sintomatología depresiva la variable que media parcialmente la relación. Conclusiones: la fatiga anticipatoria tiene un efecto indirecto parcial sobre la fatiga física e indirecto total sobre la fatiga cognitiva, mediado por los síntomas depresivos y somáticos. Este factor cognitivo es relevante en el diseño de la intervención psicológica para la disminución de la fatiga cognitiva y física.

Our aim was to find out the relationship of cognitive/somatic fatigue, sensitivity to punishment (SP)/sensitivity to reward (SR) (Gray) with ideas of reference (IR), and to analyze the mediator role of SP/SR between cognitive/somatic fatigue and IR. The sample was comprised of 79 patients and 329 controls, evaluated with the Referential Thinking Scale (REF), the Fatigue Scale (CFQ) and the SP/SR Questionnaire (SPSRQ). The Baron and Kenny (1986) model and the Preacher and Hayes (2008) procedure were used to test mediation. The model explains 42% of the variance. The direct effect decreased signifi cantly, mainly for SP, and the analysis of the indirect effect is valid for SP but not for SR. Cognitive and somatic fatigue predispose IR (Kretschmer) with participation of the SP system which may act as a mediator, more than a moderator. Cognitive/somatic fatigue may activate a system alerting of aversive (social) stimuli and thus increase the IR., Se analiza la relación entre la fatiga cognitiva/somática y las sensibilidades al castigo (SC)/recompensa (SR) (Gray) con las ideas de referencia (IR). Se estudia el papel mediador/moderador de los procesos SC/SR entre la fatiga cognitiva/somática y las IR. La muestra fueron 79 pacientes y 329 controles, evaluados con la Escala de IR (REF), Escala de Fatiga (CFQ) y Cuestionario de SC/SR (SPRSQ). Se utilizó el modelo de Baron y Kenny (1986) y el procedimiento de Preacher y Hayes (2008). El modelo explica un 42% de la varianza. El efecto directo disminuyó y el análisis del efecto indirecto es válido para la SC pero no para la SR. La fatiga cognitiva y somática predisponen a las IR (Kretschmer), con la participación de la SC, pudiendo ser más moderadora que mediadora. Quizá la fatiga cognitiva y somática activen un sistema sobre los estímulos (sociales) aversivos y se incrementen las IR.

Background: Clinical research stresses the importance of cognitive variables for predisposition, onset, and especially, perpetuation of perceived fatigue. The aim was to analyze the mediating effects of emotional symptomatology (somatic, depressive and anxiety) between anticipatory fatigue and perception of physical and cognitive fatigue. Methods: The sample was composed of 317 participants (29% from a clinical population) aged 18 to 76. Anticipatory fatigue and perception of fatigue were measured by fatigue scales. Emotional symptoms were assessed by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-28. Results: Depressive symptomatology mediated the relationship between anticipatory fatigue and cognitive fatigue in both groups, and also somatic symptoms/somatization in patients. The indirect effect of physical fatigue was observed only in the clinical group, with depressive symptoms partially mediating the anticipatory fatigue and cognitive fatigue relationship. Conclusions: Anticipatory fatigue has a partial indirect effect on total physical fatigue, and full indirect effect on cognitive fatigue, mediated by depressive and somatic symptoms. Anticipatory fatigue is a relevant cognitive factor in the design of psychological intervention for improvement of cognitive and physical fatigue., Antecedentes: la investigación clínica resalta la importancia de variables cognitivas en la predisposición, inicio y mantenimiento de la fatiga percibida. Se analizan los efectos de mediación de la sintomatología emocional entre la fatiga anticipatoria y la percepción de la fatiga física y cognitiva. Métodos: la muestra se compone de 317 participantes (29% de población clínica) de 18 a 76 años. La fatiga anticipatoria y la percepción de la fatiga se midieron a través de escalas de fatiga y los síntomas emocionales a través del Cuestionario GHQ-28. Resultados: la sintomatología depresiva media la relación entre fatiga anticipatoria y la fatiga cognitiva en ambos grupos, y también para el grupo de pacientes cuando además los síntomas son somáticos. En el caso de la fatiga física, el efecto indirecto se da solo para el grupo clínico, siendo la sintomatología depresiva la variable que media parcialmente la relación. Conclusiones: la fatiga anticipatoria tiene un efecto indirecto parcial sobre la fatiga física e indirecto total sobre la fatiga cognitiva, mediado por los síntomas depresivos y somáticos. Este factor cognitivo es relevante en el diseño de la intervención psicológica para la disminución de la fatiga cognitiva y física.

Our aim was to find out the relationship of cognitive/somatic fatigue, sensitivity to punishment (SP)/sensitivity to reward (SR) (Gray) with ideas of reference (IR), and to analyze the mediator role of SP/SR between cognitive/somatic fatigue and IR. The sample was comprised of 79 patients and 329 controls, evaluated with the Referential Thinking Scale (REF), the Fatigue Scale (CFQ) and the SP/SR Questionnaire (SPSRQ). The Baron and Kenny (1986) model and the Preacher and Hayes (2008) procedure were used to test mediation. The model explains 42% of the variance. The direct effect decreased signifi cantly, mainly for SP, and the analysis of the indirect effect is valid for SP but not for SR. Cognitive and somatic fatigue predispose IR (Kretschmer) with participation of the SP system which may act as a mediator, more than a moderator. Cognitive/somatic fatigue may activate a system alerting of aversive (social) stimuli and thus increase the IR., Se analiza la relación entre la fatiga cognitiva/somática y las sensibilidades al castigo (SC)/recompensa (SR) (Gray) con las ideas de referencia (IR). Se estudia el papel mediador/moderador de los procesos SC/SR entre la fatiga cognitiva/somática y las IR. La muestra fueron 79 pacientes y 329 controles, evaluados con la Escala de IR (REF), Escala de Fatiga (CFQ) y Cuestionario de SC/SR (SPRSQ). Se utilizó el modelo de Baron y Kenny (1986) y el procedimiento de Preacher y Hayes (2008). El modelo explica un 42% de la varianza. El efecto directo disminuyó y el análisis del efecto indirecto es válido para la SC pero no para la SR. La fatiga cognitiva y somática predisponen a las IR (Kretschmer), con la participación de la SC, pudiendo ser más moderadora que mediadora. Quizá la fatiga cognitiva y somática activen un sistema sobre los estímulos (sociales) aversivos y se incrementen las IR.

Background: Clinical research stresses the importance of cognitive variables for predisposition, onset, and especially, perpetuation of perceived fatigue. The aim was to analyze the mediating effects of emotional symptomatology (somatic, depressive and anxiety) between anticipatory fatigue and perception of physical and cognitive fatigue. Methods: The sample was composed of 317 participants (29% from a clinical population) aged 18 to 76. Anticipatory fatigue and perception of fatigue were measured by fatigue scales. Emotional symptoms were assessed by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-28. Results: Depressive symptomatology mediated the relationship between anticipatory fatigue and cognitive fatigue in both groups, and also somatic symptoms/somatization in patients. The indirect effect of physical fatigue was observed only in the clinical group, with depressive symptoms partially mediating the anticipatory fatigue and cognitive fatigue relationship. Conclusions: Anticipatory fatigue has a partial indirect effect on total physical fatigue, and full indirect effect on cognitive fatigue, mediated by depressive and somatic symptoms. Anticipatory fatigue is a relevant cognitive factor in the design of psychological intervention for improvement of cognitive and physical fatigue., Antecedentes: la investigación clínica resalta la importancia de variables cognitivas en la predisposición, inicio y mantenimiento de la fatiga percibida. Se analizan los efectos de mediación de la sintomatología emocional entre la fatiga anticipatoria y la percepción de la fatiga física y cognitiva. Métodos: la muestra se compone de 317 participantes (29% de población clínica) de 18 a 76 años. La fatiga anticipatoria y la percepción de la fatiga se midieron a través de escalas de fatiga y los síntomas emocionales a través del Cuestionario GHQ-28. Resultados: la sintomatología depresiva media la relación entre fatiga anticipatoria y la fatiga cognitiva en ambos grupos, y también para el grupo de pacientes cuando además los síntomas son somáticos. En el caso de la fatiga física, el efecto indirecto se da solo para el grupo clínico, siendo la sintomatología depresiva la variable que media parcialmente la relación. Conclusiones: la fatiga anticipatoria tiene un efecto indirecto parcial sobre la fatiga física e indirecto total sobre la fatiga cognitiva, mediado por los síntomas depresivos y somáticos. Este factor cognitivo es relevante en el diseño de la intervención psicológica para la disminución de la fatiga cognitiva y física.

Background: Clinical research stresses the importance of cognitive variables for predisposition, onset, and especially, perpetuation of perceived fatigue. The aim was to analyze the mediating effects of emotional symptomatology (somatic, depressive and anxiety) between anticipatory fatigue and perception of physical and cognitive fatigue. Methods: The sample was composed of 317 participants (29% from a clinical population) aged 18 to 76. Anticipatory fatigue and perception of fatigue were measured by fatigue scales. Emotional symptoms were assessed by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-28. Results: Depressive symptomatology mediated the relationship between anticipatory fatigue and cognitive fatigue in both groups, and also somatic symptoms/somatization in patients. The indirect effect of physical fatigue was observed only in the clinical group, with depressive symptoms partially mediating the anticipatory fatigue and cognitive fatigue relationship. Conclusions: Anticipatory fatigue has a partial indirect effect on total physical fatigue, and full indirect effect on cognitive fatigue, mediated by depressive and somatic symptoms. Anticipatory fatigue is a relevant cognitive factor in the design of psychological intervention for improvement of cognitive and physical fatigue., Antecedentes: la investigación clínica resalta la importancia de variables cognitivas en la predisposición, inicio y mantenimiento de la fatiga percibida. Se analizan los efectos de mediación de la sintomatología emocional entre la fatiga anticipatoria y la percepción de la fatiga física y cognitiva. Métodos: la muestra se compone de 317 participantes (29% de población clínica) de 18 a 76 años. La fatiga anticipatoria y la percepción de la fatiga se midieron a través de escalas de fatiga y los síntomas emocionales a través del Cuestionario GHQ-28. Resultados: la sintomatología depresiva media la relación entre fatiga anticipatoria y la fatiga cognitiva en ambos grupos, y también para el grupo de pacientes cuando además los síntomas son somáticos. En el caso de la fatiga física, el efecto indirecto se da solo para el grupo clínico, siendo la sintomatología depresiva la variable que media parcialmente la relación. Conclusiones: la fatiga anticipatoria tiene un efecto indirecto parcial sobre la fatiga física e indirecto total sobre la fatiga cognitiva, mediado por los síntomas depresivos y somáticos. Este factor cognitivo es relevante en el diseño de la intervención psicológica para la disminución de la fatiga cognitiva y física.

Our aim was to find out the relationship of cognitive/somatic fatigue, sensitivity to punishment (SP)/sensitivity to reward (SR) (Gray) with ideas of reference (IR), and to analyze the mediator role of SP/SR between cognitive/somatic fatigue and IR. The sample was comprised of 79 patients and 329 controls, evaluated with the Referential Thinking Scale (REF), the Fatigue Scale (CFQ) and the SP/SR Questionnaire (SPSRQ). The Baron and Kenny (1986) model and the Preacher and Hayes (2008) procedure were used to test mediation. The model explains 42% of the variance. The direct effect decreased signifi cantly, mainly for SP, and the analysis of the indirect effect is valid for SP but not for SR. Cognitive and somatic fatigue predispose IR (Kretschmer) with participation of the SP system which may act as a mediator, more than a moderator. Cognitive/somatic fatigue may activate a system alerting of aversive (social) stimuli and thus increase the IR., Se analiza la relación entre la fatiga cognitiva/somática y las sensibilidades al castigo (SC)/recompensa (SR) (Gray) con las ideas de referencia (IR). Se estudia el papel mediador/moderador de los procesos SC/SR entre la fatiga cognitiva/somática y las IR. La muestra fueron 79 pacientes y 329 controles, evaluados con la Escala de IR (REF), Escala de Fatiga (CFQ) y Cuestionario de SC/SR (SPRSQ). Se utilizó el modelo de Baron y Kenny (1986) y el procedimiento de Preacher y Hayes (2008). El modelo explica un 42% de la varianza. El efecto directo disminuyó y el análisis del efecto indirecto es válido para la SC pero no para la SR. La fatiga cognitiva y somática predisponen a las IR (Kretschmer), con la participación de la SC, pudiendo ser más moderadora que mediadora. Quizá la fatiga cognitiva y somática activen un sistema sobre los estímulos (sociales) aversivos y se incrementen las IR.

Background: Clinical research stresses the importance of cognitive variables for predisposition, onset, and especially, perpetuation of perceived fatigue. The aim was to analyze the mediating effects of emotional symptomatology (somatic, depressive and anxiety) between anticipatory fatigue and perception of physical and cognitive fatigue. Methods: The sample was composed of 317 participants (29% from a clinical population) aged 18 to 76. Anticipatory fatigue and perception of fatigue were measured by fatigue scales. Emotional symptoms were assessed by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-28. Results: Depressive symptomatology mediated the relationship between anticipatory fatigue and cognitive fatigue in both groups, and also somatic symptoms/somatization in patients. The indirect effect of physical fatigue was observed only in the clinical group, with depressive symptoms partially mediating the anticipatory fatigue and cognitive fatigue relationship. Conclusions: Anticipatory fatigue has a partial indirect effect on total physical fatigue, and full indirect effect on cognitive fatigue, mediated by depressive and somatic symptoms. Anticipatory fatigue is a relevant cognitive factor in the design of psychological intervention for improvement of cognitive and physical fatigue., Antecedentes: la investigación clínica resalta la importancia de variables cognitivas en la predisposición, inicio y mantenimiento de la fatiga percibida. Se analizan los efectos de mediación de la sintomatología emocional entre la fatiga anticipatoria y la percepción de la fatiga física y cognitiva. Métodos: la muestra se compone de 317 participantes (29% de población clínica) de 18 a 76 años. La fatiga anticipatoria y la percepción de la fatiga se midieron a través de escalas de fatiga y los síntomas emocionales a través del Cuestionario GHQ-28. Resultados: la sintomatología depresiva media la relación entre fatiga anticipatoria y la fatiga cognitiva en ambos grupos, y también para el grupo de pacientes cuando además los síntomas son somáticos. En el caso de la fatiga física, el efecto indirecto se da solo para el grupo clínico, siendo la sintomatología depresiva la variable que media parcialmente la relación. Conclusiones: la fatiga anticipatoria tiene un efecto indirecto parcial sobre la fatiga física e indirecto total sobre la fatiga cognitiva, mediado por los síntomas depresivos y somáticos. Este factor cognitivo es relevante en el diseño de la intervención psicológica para la disminución de la fatiga cognitiva y física.

La fatigue cognitive représente un phénomène auquel nous sommes tous familiers. Nous en faisons quotidiennement l'expérience, celle-ci étant associée à une réduction de productivité, une augmentation de risques professionnels et une diminution de notre qualité de vie. Malgré l’importance sociétale de ces implications, qui ont fait de l'étude de la fatigue cognitive une de plus investiguées dans le domaine des sciences cognitives, il subsiste un manque de vision commune ainsi qu'une théorie unifiée de la fatigue cognitive, déterminant son origine et ses fonctions, tandis que son caractère stochastique continue à diviser le milieu scientifique. La présente dissertation présente une approche multimodale combinant des données comportementaux et de neuroimagerie spectroscopie proche infrarouge (fNIRS) pour investiguer les facteurs à l’origine du déclenchement du phénomène ainsi que les dynamiques cérébrales associées. Nos résultats suggèrent que la fatigue cognitive ressentie associée à la chute de performance est une fonction de la charge cognitive définie par le Time Based Shared Resources Model (TBRS). Au niveau neural, nous discutons la présence des systèmes de compensation et les changements de connectivité cérébrale dans ce déclenchement. et comment les possibles mécanismes responsables de la maintenance de performance durant des demandes attentionnelles soutenues y sont associées., Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Enhanced procedural learning has been evidenced in conditions where cognitive control is diminished, including hypnosis, disruption of prefrontal activity and non-optimal time of the day. Another condition depleting the availability of controlled resources is cognitive fatigue (CF). We tested the hypothesis that CF, eventually leading to diminished cognitive control, facilitates procedural sequence learning. In a two-day experiment, 23 young healthy adults were administered a serial reaction time task (SRTT) following the induction of high or low levels of CF, in a counterbalanced order. CF was induced using the Time load Dual-back (TloadDback) paradigm, a dual working memory task that allows tailoring cognitive load levels to the individual's optimal performance capacity. In line with our hypothesis, reaction times (RT) in the SRTT were faster in the high- than in the low-level fatigue condition, and performance improvement was higher for the sequential than the motor components. Altogether, our results suggest a paradoxical, facilitating impact of CF on procedural motor sequence learning. We propose that facilitated learning in the high-level fatigue condition stems from a reduction in the cognitive resources devoted to cognitive control processes that normally oppose automatic procedural acquisition mechanisms., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Safe work behaviours rely on accurate perceptions of injury risks, and workers who have a misperception of risk can be injured. Despite the importance of perception-action coupling, little is known about modification of those perceptions with changing physical or cognitive STATE. It is hypothesized that changing values for perceived affordances could evidence these modifications. A better understanding of how worker characteristics (e.g., level of fatigue) affect perceptions of affordance and their corresponding behaviours, may help when developing strategies for ergonomic best practices, particularly in manual material handling (MMH) activities. The aim of this study was to compare safe perceptions of affordance from workers that completed repetitive STATE loading. Seventy-five novice MMH workers (23 male; mean age = 21.43, SD = 3.24) made perceived affordances of their safest horizontal reaching distance (acceptable limit) to complete a model task. STATE loading consisted of physical or cognitive fatigue or a control. The levels of fatigue were assessed at five-minute intervals using Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) values and Multi-Fatigue Inventory (MFI) values, respectively. A significant main effect of TIME indicated a decrease of perceived safest reaching distance observed from baseline through subsequent measurements (p<.001). The magnitude of these changes did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting that general learning more than specific STATE loading may be a major contributor to modification of affordance perceptions. However, it remains important to consider TIME and STATE influences on perceptions for safe occupational handling. Novice workers’ initial perceptions of safe working affordance may put them at risk for soft tissue injury. Physical and cognitive loading similarly affect perceived safe affordances.

Safe work behaviours rely on accurate perceptions of injury risks, and workers who have a misperception of risk can be injured. Despite the importance of perception-action coupling, little is known about modification of those perceptions with changing physical or cognitive STATE. It is hypothesized that changing values for perceived affordances could evidence these modifications. A better understanding of how worker characteristics (e.g., level of fatigue) affect perceptions of affordance and their corresponding behaviours, may help when developing strategies for ergonomic best practices, particularly in manual material handling (MMH) activities. The aim of this study was to compare safe perceptions of affordance from workers that completed repetitive STATE loading. Seventy-five novice MMH workers (23 male; mean age = 21.43, SD = 3.24) made perceived affordances of their safest horizontal reaching distance (acceptable limit) to complete a model task. STATE loading consisted of physical or cognitive fatigue or a control. The levels of fatigue were assessed at five-minute intervals using Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) values and Multi-Fatigue Inventory (MFI) values, respectively. A significant main effect of TIME indicated a decrease of perceived safest reaching distance observed from baseline through subsequent measurements (p<.001). The magnitude of these changes did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting that general learning more than specific STATE loading may be a major contributor to modification of affordance perceptions. However, it remains important to consider TIME and STATE influences on perceptions for safe occupational handling. Novice workers’ initial perceptions of safe working affordance may put them at risk for soft tissue injury. Physical and cognitive loading similarly affect perceived safe affordances.

Safe work behaviours rely on accurate perceptions of injury risks, and workers who have a misperception of risk can be injured. Despite the importance of perception-action coupling, little is known about modification of those perceptions with changing physical or cognitive STATE. It is hypothesized that changing values for perceived affordances could evidence these modifications. A better understanding of how worker characteristics (e.g., level of fatigue) affect perceptions of affordance and their corresponding behaviours, may help when developing strategies for ergonomic best practices, particularly in manual material handling (MMH) activities. The aim of this study was to compare safe perceptions of affordance from workers that completed repetitive STATE loading. Seventy-five novice MMH workers (23 male; mean age = 21.43, SD = 3.24) made perceived affordances of their safest horizontal reaching distance (acceptable limit) to complete a model task. STATE loading consisted of physical or cognitive fatigue or a control. The levels of fatigue were assessed at five-minute intervals using Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) values and Multi-Fatigue Inventory (MFI) values, respectively. A significant main effect of TIME indicated a decrease of perceived safest reaching distance observed from baseline through subsequent measurements (p<.001). The magnitude of these changes did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting that general learning more than specific STATE loading may be a major contributor to modification of affordance perceptions. However, it remains important to consider TIME and STATE influences on perceptions for safe occupational handling. Novice workers’ initial perceptions of safe working affordance may put them at risk for soft tissue injury. Physical and cognitive loading similarly affect perceived safe affordances.

Safe work behaviours rely on accurate perceptions of injury risks, and workers who have a misperception of risk can be injured. Despite the importance of perception-action coupling, little is known about modification of those perceptions with changing physical or cognitive STATE. It is hypothesized that changing values for perceived affordances could evidence these modifications. A better understanding of how worker characteristics (e.g., level of fatigue) affect perceptions of affordance and their corresponding behaviours, may help when developing strategies for ergonomic best practices, particularly in manual material handling (MMH) activities. The aim of this study was to compare safe perceptions of affordance from workers that completed repetitive STATE loading. Seventy-five novice MMH workers (23 male; mean age = 21.43, SD = 3.24) made perceived affordances of their safest horizontal reaching distance (acceptable limit) to complete a model task. STATE loading consisted of physical or cognitive fatigue or a control. The levels of fatigue were assessed at five-minute intervals using Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) values and Multi-Fatigue Inventory (MFI) values, respectively. A significant main effect of TIME indicated a decrease of perceived safest reaching distance observed from baseline through subsequent measurements (p<.001). The magnitude of these changes did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting that general learning more than specific STATE loading may be a major contributor to modification of affordance perceptions. However, it remains important to consider TIME and STATE influences on perceptions for safe occupational handling. Novice workers’ initial perceptions of safe working affordance may put them at risk for soft tissue injury. Physical and cognitive loading similarly affect perceived safe affordances.

Safe work behaviours rely on accurate perceptions of injury risks, and workers who have a misperception of risk can be injured. Despite the importance of perception-action coupling, little is known about modification of those perceptions with changing physical or cognitive STATE. It is hypothesized that changing values for perceived affordances could evidence these modifications. A better understanding of how worker characteristics (e.g., level of fatigue) affect perceptions of affordance and their corresponding behaviours, may help when developing strategies for ergonomic best practices, particularly in manual material handling (MMH) activities. The aim of this study was to compare safe perceptions of affordance from workers that completed repetitive STATE loading. Seventy-five novice MMH workers (23 male; mean age = 21.43, SD = 3.24) made perceived affordances of their safest horizontal reaching distance (acceptable limit) to complete a model task. STATE loading consisted of physical or cognitive fatigue or a control. The levels of fatigue were assessed at five-minute intervals using Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) values and Multi-Fatigue Inventory (MFI) values, respectively. A significant main effect of TIME indicated a decrease of perceived safest reaching distance observed from baseline through subsequent measurements (p<.001). The magnitude of these changes did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting that general learning more than specific STATE loading may be a major contributor to modification of affordance perceptions. However, it remains important to consider TIME and STATE influences on perceptions for safe occupational handling. Novice workers’ initial perceptions of safe working affordance may put them at risk for soft tissue injury. Physical and cognitive loading similarly affect perceived safe affordances.

Safe work behaviours rely on accurate perceptions of injury risks, and workers who have a misperception of risk can be injured. Despite the importance of perception-action coupling, little is known about modification of those perceptions with changing physical or cognitive STATE. It is hypothesized that changing values for perceived affordances could evidence these modifications. A better understanding of how worker characteristics (e.g., level of fatigue) affect perceptions of affordance and their corresponding behaviours, may help when developing strategies for ergonomic best practices, particularly in manual material handling (MMH) activities. The aim of this study was to compare safe perceptions of affordance from workers that completed repetitive STATE loading. Seventy-five novice MMH workers (23 male; mean age = 21.43, SD = 3.24) made perceived affordances of their safest horizontal reaching distance (acceptable limit) to complete a model task. STATE loading consisted of physical or cognitive fatigue or a control. The levels of fatigue were assessed at five-minute intervals using Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) values and Multi-Fatigue Inventory (MFI) values, respectively. A significant main effect of TIME indicated a decrease of perceived safest reaching distance observed from baseline through subsequent measurements (p<.001). The magnitude of these changes did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting that general learning more than specific STATE loading may be a major contributor to modification of affordance perceptions. However, it remains important to consider TIME and STATE influences on perceptions for safe occupational handling. Novice workers’ initial perceptions of safe working affordance may put them at risk for soft tissue injury. Physical and cognitive loading similarly affect perceived safe affordances.

Safe work behaviours rely on accurate perceptions of injury risks, and workers who have a misperception of risk can be injured. Despite the importance of perception-action coupling, little is known about modification of those perceptions with changing physical or cognitive STATE. It is hypothesized that changing values for perceived affordances could evidence these modifications. A better understanding of how worker characteristics (e.g., level of fatigue) affect perceptions of affordance and their corresponding behaviours, may help when developing strategies for ergonomic best practices, particularly in manual material handling (MMH) activities. The aim of this study was to compare safe perceptions of affordance from workers that completed repetitive STATE loading. Seventy-five novice MMH workers (23 male; mean age = 21.43, SD = 3.24) made perceived affordances of their safest horizontal reaching distance (acceptable limit) to complete a model task. STATE loading consisted of physical or cognitive fatigue or a control. The levels of fatigue were assessed at five-minute intervals using Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) values and Multi-Fatigue Inventory (MFI) values, respectively. A significant main effect of TIME indicated a decrease of perceived safest reaching distance observed from baseline through subsequent measurements (p<.001). The magnitude of these changes did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting that general learning more than specific STATE loading may be a major contributor to modification of affordance perceptions. However, it remains important to consider TIME and STATE influences on perceptions for safe occupational handling. Novice workers’ initial perceptions of safe working affordance may put them at risk for soft tissue injury. Physical and cognitive loading similarly affect perceived safe affordances.

Safe work behaviours rely on accurate perceptions of injury risks, and workers who have a misperception of risk can be injured. Despite the importance of perception-action coupling, little is known about modification of those perceptions with changing physical or cognitive STATE. It is hypothesized that changing values for perceived affordances could evidence these modifications. A better understanding of how worker characteristics (e.g., level of fatigue) affect perceptions of affordance and their corresponding behaviours, may help when developing strategies for ergonomic best practices, particularly in manual material handling (MMH) activities. The aim of this study was to compare safe perceptions of affordance from workers that completed repetitive STATE loading. Seventy-five novice MMH workers (23 male; mean age = 21.43, SD = 3.24) made perceived affordances of their safest horizontal reaching distance (acceptable limit) to complete a model task. STATE loading consisted of physical or cognitive fatigue or a control. The levels of fatigue were assessed at five-minute intervals using Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) values and Multi-Fatigue Inventory (MFI) values, respectively. A significant main effect of TIME indicated a decrease of perceived safest reaching distance observed from baseline through subsequent measurements (p<.001). The magnitude of these changes did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting that general learning more than specific STATE loading may be a major contributor to modification of affordance perceptions. However, it remains important to consider TIME and STATE influences on perceptions for safe occupational handling. Novice workers’ initial perceptions of safe working affordance may put them at risk for soft tissue injury. Physical and cognitive loading similarly affect perceived safe affordances.

Safe work behaviours rely on accurate perceptions of injury risks, and workers who have a misperception of risk can be injured. Despite the importance of perception-action coupling, little is known about modification of those perceptions with changing physical or cognitive STATE. It is hypothesized that changing values for perceived affordances could evidence these modifications. A better understanding of how worker characteristics (e.g., level of fatigue) affect perceptions of affordance and their corresponding behaviours, may help when developing strategies for ergonomic best practices, particularly in manual material handling (MMH) activities. The aim of this study was to compare safe perceptions of affordance from workers that completed repetitive STATE loading. Seventy-five novice MMH workers (23 male; mean age = 21.43, SD = 3.24) made perceived affordances of their safest horizontal reaching distance (acceptable limit) to complete a model task. STATE loading consisted of physical or cognitive fatigue or a control. The levels of fatigue were assessed at five-minute intervals using Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) values and Multi-Fatigue Inventory (MFI) values, respectively. A significant main effect of TIME indicated a decrease of perceived safest reaching distance observed from baseline through subsequent measurements (p<.001). The magnitude of these changes did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting that general learning more than specific STATE loading may be a major contributor to modification of affordance perceptions. However, it remains important to consider TIME and STATE influences on perceptions for safe occupational handling. Novice workers’ initial perceptions of safe working affordance may put them at risk for soft tissue injury. Physical and cognitive loading similarly affect perceived safe affordances.

Safe work behaviours rely on accurate perceptions of injury risks, and workers who have a misperception of risk can be injured. Despite the importance of perception-action coupling, little is known about modification of those perceptions with changing physical or cognitive STATE. It is hypothesized that changing values for perceived affordances could evidence these modifications. A better understanding of how worker characteristics (e.g., level of fatigue) affect perceptions of affordance and their corresponding behaviours, may help when developing strategies for ergonomic best practices, particularly in manual material handling (MMH) activities. The aim of this study was to compare safe perceptions of affordance from workers that completed repetitive STATE loading. Seventy-five novice MMH workers (23 male; mean age = 21.43, SD = 3.24) made perceived affordances of their safest horizontal reaching distance (acceptable limit) to complete a model task. STATE loading consisted of physical or cognitive fatigue or a control. The levels of fatigue were assessed at five-minute intervals using Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) values and Multi-Fatigue Inventory (MFI) values, respectively. A significant main effect of TIME indicated a decrease of perceived safest reaching distance observed from baseline through subsequent measurements (p<.001). The magnitude of these changes did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting that general learning more than specific STATE loading may be a major contributor to modification of affordance perceptions. However, it remains important to consider TIME and STATE influences on perceptions for safe occupational handling. Novice workers’ initial perceptions of safe working affordance may put them at risk for soft tissue injury. Physical and cognitive loading similarly affect perceived safe affordances.