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STUDY OBJECTIVES: We examined and compared cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between self-reported sleep disturbances and various cognitive domains in five separate Nordic European longitudinal aging studies (baseline N=5631, Mean age=77.7, Mean follow-up=4.16 years). METHODS: Comparable sleep parameters across studies included reduced sleep duration/quality, insomnia symptoms (sleep latency, waking up at night and early awakenings), short and long sleep duration, and daytime napping. The cognitive domains were episodic memory, verbal fluency, perceptual speed, executive functioning, and global cognition (aggregated measure). A series of mixed linear models were run separately in each study and then compared to assess the level and rate of change in cognitive functioning across each sleep disturbance parameter. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, hypnotic usage, depressive symptoms, lifestyle factors, cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. By using a coordinated analytic approach, comparable construct-level measurements were generated and results from identical statistical models were qualitatively compared across studies. RESULTS: While the pattern of statistically significant results varied across studies, subjective sleep disturbances were consistently associated with worse cognition and steeper cognitive decline. Insomnia symptoms were associated with poorer episodic memory and participants sleeping less or more than 7-8 hours had a steeper decline in perceptual speed. Additionally, daytime napping (>2 hours) was cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with all examined cognitive domains. Most observed associations were study-specific (except for daytime napping) and a majority of association estimates remained significant after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION: This rigorous multicentre investigation further supports the importance of sleep disturbance, including insomnia, long and short sleep duration, and daytime napping

Study Objectives: We examined and compared cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between self-reported sleep disturbances and various cognitive domains in five separate Nordic European longitudinal aging studies (baseline N = 5631, mean age = 77.7, mean follow-up = 4.16 years).Methods: Comparable sleep parameters across studies included reduced sleep duration/quality, insomnia symptoms (sleep latency, waking up at night, and early awakenings), short and long sleep duration, and daytime napping. The cognitive domains were episodic memory, verbal fluency, perceptual speed, executive functioning, and global cognition (aggregated measure). A series of mixed linear models were run separately in each study and then compared to assess the level and rate of change in cognitive functioning across each sleep disturbance parameter. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, hypnotic usage, depressive symptoms, lifestyle factors, cardiovascular, and metabolic conditions. By using a coordinated analytic approach, comparable construct-level measurements were generated, and results from identical statistical models were qualitatively compared across studies.Results: While the pattern of statistically significant results varied across studies, subjective sleep disturbances were consistently associated with worse cognition and steeper cognitive decline. Insomnia symptoms were associated with poorer episodic memory and participants sleeping less or more than 7-8 hours had a steeper decline in perceptual speed. In addition, daytime napping (>2 hours) was cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with all examined cognitive domains. Most observed associations were study-specific (except for daytime napping), and a majority of association estimates remained significant after adjusting for covariates.Conclusion: This rigorous multicenter investigation further supports the importance of sleep disturbance, including insomnia, long and short sleep duration, and daytime n

OBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study the relationship between cognitive functioning and phenotypic frailty status. METHODS: We searched Pubmed, Cochrane Library and Epistemonikos from 2000 until March 2022, and used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Samples included both sexes, age ≥55 years, assessed with standardized measures of the different cognitive domains and the frailty phenotype model and analyzing the relationship between the frailty subtypes pre-frail, frail and robust and specific cognitive function. RESULTS: Eleven studies published from 2008 until March 2022 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 10 were included in our meta-analyses. Sample sizes varied from 104 to 4649 individuals. Mean Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores ranged from 17.0 to 27.6, with mean difference (MD) of -2.55 (95% confidence interval [CI] -3.32, -1.78) in frail compared to robust, MD -1.64 (95% CI -2.21, -1.06) in frail compared to prefrail and MD -0.68 (95% CI -0.94, -0.43) in prefrail compared to robust. In subgroup analyses, frail persons had lower scores in the memory domain with standardized mean difference (SMD) -1.01 (95% CI -1.42, -0.59). CONCLUSION: MMSE scores were significantly lower in frail compared to robust and prefrail persons and in prefrail compared to robust persons. Subgroup analysis of memory revealed significantly poorer scores in frail compared to robust. The results indicate a strong relationship between physical frailty and cognitive impairment suggesting incorporation of cognitive function in frailty assessments.

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch), Objective: Nursing instruments have the potential for daily screening of delirium; however, they have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, after assessing the functional domains of the electronic Patient Assessment — Acute Care (ePA-AC), this study evaluates the cognitive and associated domains. Methods: In this prospective cohort study in the intensive care unit, 277 patients were assessed and 118 patients were delirious. The impacts of delirium on the cognitive domains, consciousness and cognition, communication and interaction, in addition to respiration, pain, and wounds were determined with simple logistic regressions and their respective odds ratios (ORs). Results: Delirium was associated with substantial impairment throughout the evaluated domains. Delirious patients were somnolent (OR 6), their orientation (OR 8.2–10.6) and ability to acquire knowledge (OR 5.5–11.6) were substantially impaired, they lost the competence to manage daily routines (OR 8.2–22.4), and their attention was compromised (OR 12.8). In addition, these patients received psychotropics (OR 3.8), were visually impaired (OR 1.8), unable to communicate their needs (OR 5.6–7.6), displayed reduced self-initiated activities (OR 6.5–6.9) and challenging behaviors (OR 6.2), as well as sleep–wake disturbances (OR 2.2–5), Furthermore, delirium was associated with mechanical ventilation, abdominal/thoracic injuries or operations (OR 4.2–4.4), and sensory perception impairment (OR 3.9–5.8). Significance of results: Delirium caused substantial impairment in cognitive and associated domains. In addition to the previously described functional impairments, these findings will aid the implementation of nursing instruments in delirium screening.

This article seeks to present a literary invention. The narration of an imagined experience based on the recently deceased Chilean neuroscientist Humberto Maturana. "Maturana", an organism and therefore, autopoiesis, opens its eyes, ears, unfolds its touch in a dark wooded mountain. In the sensitivity of its experience it settles in and builds "domains of reality" in which it translates its corporeity, its coupling to the world. "Maturana" adrift has progressively assembled from the mountain down to the city, where society's reflection will not be external to the understanding of the human organism's social organization. "Maturana" adrift connects the biological and the social., Resumo Este artigo procura apresentar uma invenção literária, a narração de uma experiência imaginada que toma como base ao recentemente desaparecido neurocientífico chileno Humberto Maturana. "Maturana", organismo e por tanto autopoiese, abre os olhos, os ouvidos, desdobra seu tacto em uma montanha escura florestada, na sensibilidade de seu experimentar vai se acoplando, e vai construindo "domínios de realidade" nos que vai traduzindo sua corporeidade, sua acoplagem ao mundo. "Maturana" à deriva se tem ensamblado progressivamente desde a montanha até descer à cidade, onde a reflexão da sociedade não será alheia a entender a organização social do organismo humano. "Maturana" à deriva conecta o biológico e o social., Resumen Este artículo busca presentar una invención literaria, la narración de una experiencia imaginada que toma como base al recientemente desaparecido neurocientífico chileno Humberto Maturana. "Maturana", organismo y por tanto autopoiesis, abre los ojos, los oídos, despliega su tacto en una montaña oscura boscosa, en la sensibilidad de su experimentar se va acoplando, y va construyendo "dominios de realidad" en los que va traduciendo su corporeidad, su acoplaje al mundo. "Maturana" a la deriva se ha ensamblado progresivamente desde la montaña hasta descender a la ciudad, donde la reflexión de la sociedad no será ajena a entender la organización social del organismo humano. "Maturana" a la deriva conecta lo biológico y lo social.

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch), Objective: Nursing instruments have the potential for daily screening of delirium; however, they have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, after assessing the functional domains of the electronic Patient Assessment — Acute Care (ePA-AC), this study evaluates the cognitive and associated domains. Methods: In this prospective cohort study in the intensive care unit, 277 patients were assessed and 118 patients were delirious. The impacts of delirium on the cognitive domains, consciousness and cognition, communication and interaction, in addition to respiration, pain, and wounds were determined with simple logistic regressions and their respective odds ratios (ORs). Results: Delirium was associated with substantial impairment throughout the evaluated domains. Delirious patients were somnolent (OR 6), their orientation (OR 8.2–10.6) and ability to acquire knowledge (OR 5.5–11.6) were substantially impaired, they lost the competence to manage daily routines (OR 8.2–22.4), and their attention was compromised (OR 12.8). In addition, these patients received psychotropics (OR 3.8), were visually impaired (OR 1.8), unable to communicate their needs (OR 5.6–7.6), displayed reduced self-initiated activities (OR 6.5–6.9) and challenging behaviors (OR 6.2), as well as sleep–wake disturbances (OR 2.2–5), Furthermore, delirium was associated with mechanical ventilation, abdominal/thoracic injuries or operations (OR 4.2–4.4), and sensory perception impairment (OR 3.9–5.8). Significance of results: Delirium caused substantial impairment in cognitive and associated domains. In addition to the previously described functional impairments, these findings will aid the implementation of nursing instruments in delirium screening.

The educational sector in the UAE considers Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) as a valuable indicator to trace educational improvements and to fulfil the country’s National Agenda 2021. By then, the nation aspires to become among the top rated educational systems in the world, simultaneously with the country’s National Day Golden Jubilee celebration. However, grades four students scored below the international norm in TIMSS 2015 in both subjects of mathematics and science. Viewing the benchmark results of TIMSS 2015 and 2011, the challenges in content and cognitive domains for the UAE students look similar. The purpose of the study was to examine the factors that were associated with the students’ performance in the above mentioned domains. The study adopted the quantitative research approach through the data analysis of TIMSS UAE 2015 results for mathematics and science. Additionally, contextual questionnaires for schools, classrooms and student are put under scrutiny. The data analysis included independent sample T-Test, the analysis of variance ANOVA, multiple linear regression and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings of the study showed that the association between the content and cognitive domains of mathematics and science for grade 4 TIMSS 2015 were very strong and positive. The analysis indicated that school, classroom and student factors had an association with mathematics and science achievement as well as the content and cognitive domains. The school factors that had a positive effect on students’ achievement were school location, resources, and economic background while principal experience had insignificant effect. The classroom factors that had a positive association with students’ achievement were discipline, mathematics instructional time and science investigation while science instructional time, mathematics homework and mathematics teachers’ degree had negative association. The results of the student factors

The educational sector in the UAE considers Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) as a valuable indicator to trace educational improvements and to fulfil the country’s National Agenda 2021. By then, the nation aspires to become among the top rated educational systems in the world, simultaneously with the country’s National Day Golden Jubilee celebration. However, grades four students scored below the international norm in TIMSS 2015 in both subjects of mathematics and science. Viewing the benchmark results of TIMSS 2015 and 2011, the challenges in content and cognitive domains for the UAE students look similar. The purpose of the study was to examine the factors that were associated with the students’ performance in the above mentioned domains. The study adopted the quantitative research approach through the data analysis of TIMSS UAE 2015 results for mathematics and science. Additionally, contextual questionnaires for schools, classrooms and student are put under scrutiny. The data analysis included independent sample T-Test, the analysis of variance ANOVA, multiple linear regression and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings of the study showed that the association between the content and cognitive domains of mathematics and science for grade 4 TIMSS 2015 were very strong and positive. The analysis indicated that school, classroom and student factors had an association with mathematics and science achievement as well as the content and cognitive domains. The school factors that had a positive effect on students’ achievement were school location, resources, and economic background while principal experience had insignificant effect. The classroom factors that had a positive association with students’ achievement were discipline, mathematics instructional time and science investigation while science instructional time, mathematics homework and mathematics teachers’ degree had negative association. The results of the student factors

The aim of the paper is an analysis of German and Polish phraseologisms with thefocus on processual aspects of their meaning. The central issue of interest is the individual subjective and emotional shaping of conceptualizations and meanings. The conclusions are concerning the mental phenomenon of processual meaning variability, mental spaces and cognitive domains., The aim of the paper is an analysis of German and Polish phraseologisms with thefocus on processual aspects of their meaning. The central issue of interest is the individual subjective and emotional shaping of conceptualizations and meanings. The conclusions are concerning the mental phenomenon of processual meaning variability, mental spaces and cognitive domains., The aim of the paper is an analysis of German and Polish phraseologisms with thefocus on processual aspects of their meaning. The central issue of interest is the individual subjective and emotional shaping of conceptualizations and meanings. The conclusions are concerning the mental phenomenon of processual meaning variability, mental spaces and cognitive domains.

Један од највећих изазова развојне психологије је да објасни механизме когнитивног развоја, односно когнитивних промена. Развојни пут је усмерен ка све већој диференцијацији и специјализацији (модулисаности) механизама когнитивне обраде. Претпоставке да су биолошка ограничења у развоју мање модулисана, а да средина има значајнију формативну улогу у неуронском расту могле би значајно променити и наше виђење феноменологије неурокогнитивних поремећаја какве видимо у детињству. Овако посматрано, сам развој би могао бити основни чинилац који моделира начин испољавања поремећаја, а продужени период неурокогнитивног постнаталног развоја, онај критички чинилац који ће одредити на какав начин ће бити обликована резултујућа модална организација (или специфичност) тог кортекса. Стога, савремене теорије неурокогнитивног развоја наглашавају улогу динамичке интеракције сазревања и искуства у процесу формирања менталне структуре индивидуе и претпостављају да, у склопу пластичне реорганизације незрелог мозга код рано насталих церебралних лезија, а нарочито у контексту рано испољених измена на плану когнитивне организације, начелно можемо очекивати дифузније последице по организацију сазнајних функција него што се то догађа код можданих озледа одраслих. Посматрано из тог угла, церебрална парализа (ЦП), као стање непрогресивног моторног оштећења узрокованог церебралним или церебеларним оштећењем насталим током пре- или перинаталног развоја, у којој се укупно когнитивно сазревање одиграва на супстрату статичне мождане озледе присутне већ у самом почетку искуствене адаптације на средину, може представљати V погодну парадигму за разматрање питања везаних за могућности и карактеристике развоја одређених когнитивних способности у случају ране церебралне аномалије..., One of the biggest challenges of developmental psychology is to explain the mechanisms of cognitive development, i.e. cognitive changes. The development path is directed towards increasing differentiation and specialization (modulation) of mechanisms of cognitive processing. Assumptions that the biological limitations in the development are less modulated, and that the environment has a significant formative role in neural growth could significantly change our view of the phenomenology of neurocognitive disorders that we see in childhood. From this perspective, the development itself could be a major factor that models the way of the manifestation of the disorder, while prolonged period of neurocognitive postnatal development is the critical factor that will determine in what way the resulting modal organization (or specificity) of the cortex will be formed. Therefore, the modern theories of neurocognitive development emphasize the role of the dynamic interaction of maturation and experience in the process of forming mental structure of the individual and assume that, as a part of plastic reorganization of the immature brain in case of the early cerebral lesions, especially in the context of the early manifested changes in the field of cognitive organization, we can in principle expect more diffuse consequences for the organization of cognitive functions than in the case of the brain injuries in adults. From that aspect, cerebral palsy (CP), as a state of non-progressive motor disorder caused by cerebral or cerebellar damage incurred during the prenatal or perinatal development, where the total cognitive maturation takes place on the substrate of the static brain injury present in the very beginning of empirical adaptation to environment, may represent a suitable paradigm for discussion of issues related to the VIII capabilities and characteristics of the development of certain cognitive abilities in case of early cerebral anomaly...

Command and control (C2) is comprised largely of activities in the cognitive and social domains. As such, C2 has represented a critical aspect of military planning and execution; time-tested approaches to C2 in military organizations and processes remain prevalent. In contrast, scholarly research in the C2 domain remains divergent; chasm exists between research and continuing C2 practice. This is particularly the case with research in the area of Contingency Theory (CT). The central premise of CT is that no single enterprise design is ideal for all missions, environments, and contexts. Because military organizations will continue to undertake complex missions in diverse and challenging environments and contexts, one would expect to see C2 approaches that have enterprise agility. At the very least, one would expect the military to be exploring non-traditional approaches to C2 vigorously. Given the abundant CT research, one would expect leaders and policy makers to redesign high-performance enterprises to fit shifting mission, environmental, and contextual circumstances better. Instead one sees that remarkably traditional and often ill-fitting C2 approaches predominate. The problem is that few CT scholars understand current C2 practice sufficiently to apply such research directly, and few C2 researchers, analysts, leaders, and policy makers understand CT research sufficiently to take advantage of corresponding enterprise design opportunities. Even the terms used by members of the CT and C2 communities differ. This article takes four steps toward bridging the chasm between C2 practice and CT research: (1) Summarizes the tenets of CT in terms that can inform C2; (2) Bridges several key terminological gaps between the communities; (3) Highlights C2 research that develops new CT knowledge for enterprise design; and (4) Outlines a research agenda to address practical C2 issues. As such, this article can inform the CT researcher as well as the C2 practitioner., Published in The International C2 Journal, v1 n1 p61-112, 2007. The original document contains color images. All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white.

Cílem této práce je neinvazivní posouzení vybraných kognitivních domén (pozornost, paměť, rozhodování) pomocí nové mobilní aplikace vyvinuté za tímto účelem. Posuzování kognitivních nedostatků je důležité pro prevenci neurokognitivních poruch. Byly analyzovány existující posuzovací úlohy a na jejich základě byla navržena a úspěšně implementována kognitivní herní baterii sestávající ze 3 mobilních her. Aplikace je určena pro platformu Android a byla vyvinuta v Unity engine. Byl vytvořen systém pro sběr a uchovávání herních dat a jejich následné zhodnocení za pomoci cloudové dostupnosti. Jeho spolehlivost byla posouzena na základě vlastního sběru dat a poznatků existujících studií. Vyvinutá aplikace přináší jiný pohled na posuzování kognitivních nedostatků, porovnává uživatelem dosažené skóre s ostatními hráči a poskytuje mu detailní zpětnou vazbu., The goal of this work is the non-invasive assessment of selected cognitive domains (attention, memory, decision-making) using a new mobile application developed for this purpose. Assessment of cognitive deficits is important for the prevention of neurocognitive disorders. Existing assessment tasks were analyzed and based on them a cognitive game battery consisting of 3 mobile games was successfully designed and implemented. The application is made for the Android platform and was developed in the Unity engine. A system for collecting and storing game data and their subsequent evaluation with the help of cloud availability was created and evaluated using data collection and findings of existing studies. The presented application brings a different perspective to the assessment of cognitive deficits, compares the user's achieved score with other players, and provides them with detailed feedback.