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Introduction. Brown adipose tissue in humans is located in different areas of the body, mainly in the supraclavicular area and its activation with different thermogenic molecules could be reflected in this site. Active brown adipose tissue could be a strategy against obesity considering its participation in energy balance. Objective. To evaluate the effect of cinnamon and ginger on supraclavicular skin temperature and health parameters in young men. Material and methods. An experimental study was carried out among 36 young men who were assigned to one of three treatment groups: ginger drink, cinnamon drink, and potable water as a placebo group. The supraclavicular skin temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, glucose level, and triglycerides were recorded before and after ingesting the drink. Results. An increase in supraclavicular skin temperature was observed after the ingestion of the cinnamon (0.62 °C), ginger (0.54 °C), and placebo (0.64 °C) drinks. In the group that ingested ginger, there was also a decrease in glucose (6.3 %), an increase in triglycerides (34.4 %), and a decrease in heart rate (13.3 %), but not significant in the cinnamon group or the placebo group. Conclusion. Our results suggest that cinnamon and ginger both have thermogenic effects on the supraclavicular area in young men adults., Introducción. El tejido adiposo pardo en humanos se localiza en diferentes áreas del cuerpo, principalmente en el área supraclavicular y su activación con diferentes moléculas termogénicas podría reflejarse en este sitio. El tejido adiposo pardo activo podría ser una estrategia contra la obesidad considerando su participación en el balance energético. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la canela y el jengibre sobre la temperatura cutánea supraclavicular y en parámetros de salud en jóvenes. Material y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio experimental con 36 adultos jóvenes que fueron asignados a uno de los tres grupos de tratamiento: bebida de jengibre, bebida de canela y agua potable como grupo placebo. La temperatura supraclavicular de la piel, la presión arterial, la frecuencia cardíaca, el nivel de glucosa y los triglicéridos se registraron antes y después de ingerir la bebida. Resultados. Se observó un aumento en la temperatura supraclavicular de la piel después de la ingesta de las bebidas de canela (0.62 °C), jengibre (0.54 °C) y placebo (0.64 °C). En el grupo que ingirió jengibre, también se observó una disminución de la glucosa (6.3 %), un aumento de los triglicéridos (34.4 %) y una disminución en el ritmo cardiaco (13.3 %), pero estas diferencias no fueron significativas en el grupo que ingirió canela ni en el grupo placebo. Conclusión. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la canela y el jengibre tienen efectos termogénicos en el área supraclavicular en hombres jóvenes.

Flies are vectors that can transmit disease to humans. Therefore, it needs to be controlled. To control flies, use natural insecticides (natural repellents). This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the decoction of cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmanii) as a fly repellent in the drying process of salted seat fish. This type of study is quasi-experimental, with a posttest-only control group design. The samples in this study were flies found in the wild. It consisted of 5 treatments, one control, and four repetitions (replications). The ANOVA test showed that varying doses of boiled cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmanii) as a fly repellent affected drying salted fish. The sig value is 0.00 < 0.05. The difference in the repellent power of the 12% dose was 14.47%, the 15% dose was 37.35%, the 18% dose was 55.2%, the 21% dose was 67.71%, and the 24% dose was 83.63%. It is hoped that the public can use a decoction of cinnamon bark as a natural repellent for fly vectors., Flies are vectors that can transmit disease to humans. Therefore, it needs to be controlled. To control flies, use natural insecticides (natural repellents). This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the decoction of cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmanii) as a fly repellent in the drying process of salted seat fish. This type of study is quasi-experimental, with a posttest-only control group design. The samples in this study were flies found in the wild. It consisted of 5 treatments, one control, and four repetitions (replications). The ANOVA test showed that varying doses of boiled cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmanii) as a fly repellent affected drying salted fish. The sig value is 0.00 < 0.05. The difference in the repellent power of the 12% dose was 14.47%, the 15% dose was 37.35%, the 18% dose was 55.2%, the 21% dose was 67.71%, and the 24% dose was 83.63%. It is hoped that the public can use a decoction of cinnamon bark as a natural repellent for fly vectors.

Flies are vectors that can transmit disease to humans. Therefore, it needs to be controlled. To control flies, use natural insecticides (natural repellents). This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the decoction of cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmanii) as a fly repellent in the drying process of salted seat fish. This type of study is quasi-experimental, with a posttest-only control group design. The samples in this study were flies found in the wild. It consisted of 5 treatments, one control, and four repetitions (replications). The ANOVA test showed that varying doses of boiled cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmanii) as a fly repellent affected drying salted fish. The sig value is 0.00 < 0.05. The difference in the repellent power of the 12% dose was 14.47%, the 15% dose was 37.35%, the 18% dose was 55.2%, the 21% dose was 67.71%, and the 24% dose was 83.63%. It is hoped that the public can use a decoction of cinnamon bark as a natural repellent for fly vectors., Flies are vectors that can transmit disease to humans. Therefore, it needs to be controlled. To control flies, use natural insecticides (natural repellents). This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the decoction of cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmanii) as a fly repellent in the drying process of salted seat fish. This type of study is quasi-experimental, with a posttest-only control group design. The samples in this study were flies found in the wild. It consisted of 5 treatments, one control, and four repetitions (replications). The ANOVA test showed that varying doses of boiled cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmanii) as a fly repellent affected drying salted fish. The sig value is 0.00 < 0.05. The difference in the repellent power of the 12% dose was 14.47%, the 15% dose was 37.35%, the 18% dose was 55.2%, the 21% dose was 67.71%, and the 24% dose was 83.63%. It is hoped that the public can use a decoction of cinnamon bark as a natural repellent for fly vectors.

Every mother who has undergone the birth process with a perineal wound will feel pain, the pain felt causes unpleasant impacts such as pain and fear. Cases of this infection (25 - 55%) are caused by infection of the birth canal due to episiotomy or spontaneous tearing, mostly with complaints of pain in the area or for fear of the stitches falling out. To reduce perineal pain, one of them is consuming Cinnamon decoction. To see whether there is an effect of giving Cinnamon decoction on perineal wound pain in postpartum women at the Deby Cyntia Medan practice in 2023. Method research design using pre-experiment, with a One Group Pretest Posttest design. The research population was 10 postpartum mothers who experienced a second degree tear in the birth canal who experienced pain. The sampling technique for this research used purposive sampling of 10 people, data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis using the Willcoxon test. The results is value is (p = 0.004 < 0.050), so it can be concluded that there is an effect of giving Cinnamon decoction on perineal wound pain in postpartum women at the practice. There is an effect of giving Cinnamon decoction on perineal wound pain in postpartum women at the Medan Deby Chyntia Midwife Practice in 2023. It is recommended for research sites, especially health workers, to encourage postpartum mothers to consume Cinnamon decoction as an alternative for non-pharmacological treatment of perineal wounds.

Background: Herbal tea Is one of the herbal drinks that has been widely consumed by Indonesian people and known as tea that have functional properties, one of them is source of antioxidants. Antioxidants can be obtained from a lot of sources, such as the mixture of mangosteen pericarp, cinnamon, and cloves. The use of cinnamon and clove expected to increase the consumers' preference towards this tea. Objectives: This research aims at evaluating the acceptance level of several sensory parameters of tea made of mixture of mangosteen pericarp, cinnamon, and clove. Methods: The experimental design used in this research was completely randomized design with three replications, resulting in 27 samples of herbal tea. Besides, the data obtained from panelists will be analyzed by using Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) in SPSS 25.0 software. Results: The results show that the addition of cinnamon and cloves showed a significant difference. The more addition of spices will lower the panelist score. It can be seen in the sample containing 24 grams of mangosteen pericarp, 3 grams of cinnamon (B4) which had the highest panelist score in color, taste, and bitterness aspects. While the lowest panelist score was obtained by a sample containing 12 grams of mangosteen pericarp, 3 grams of cinnamon and cloves (A1). Conclusions: The more spices added, especially cloves will reduce the liking score. The result obtained by this research can be used for optimization of the best formula so maximum points can be known., Teh herbal adalah salah satu minuman herbal yang telah banyak dikenal dan dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Namun, salah satu permasalahan yang masih berkembang hingga saat ini adalah permasalahan terkait dampak farmakologis yang dapat menunjang kesehatan konsemen setelah mengonsumsi teh herbal. Pada penelitian ini, teh herbal dibuat dari campuran pericarp manggis, kayu manis, dan cengkeh yang dimana ketiga komponen tersebut telah banyak diteliti sebagai sumber antioksidan. Penggunaan kayu manis dan cengkeh diharapkan untuk dapat meningkatkan tingkat kesukaan konsumen terhadap the herbal yang dihasilkan, terutama dalam aspek karakteristik sensoris. Sehingga untuk dapat mencapai tujuan tersebut, diperlukan langkah penyesuaian teh herbal untuk dapat menghasilkan produk yang dapat mencapai standard kesukaan konsumen. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menguji komposisi proksimat dan beberapa karakteristik sensoris dari teh herbal yang dibuat campuran pericarp manggis, kayu manis, dan cengkeh. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga pengulangan, sehingga menghasilkan 27 sampel the herbal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aroma teh yang paling dihasilkan pada sampel yang terbuat dari 12 gram perikarp manggis, 3 gram kayu manis serta 3 gram cengkeh (Sampel A1). Kemudian untuk aspek flavour dan kesepatan dihasilkan pada sampel yang terbuat dari 24 gram perikarp manggis dan 3 gram kayu manis (Sampel B4). Sedangkan untuk  aspek terakhir yaitu warna dihasilkan warna yang paling disukai pada sampel yang terbuat dari 36 gram perikarp manggis serta 3 gram kayu manis (sampel C3) dan sampel yang terbuat dari 24 gram perikarp manggis serta 3 gram kayu manis (Sampel B4)   Kata kunci: tes hedonik, teh herbal, perikarp manggis, aspek sensoris

Background: Candida auris represents an emerging pathogen that results in nosocomial infections and is considered a serious global health problem. The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal efficacy of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil (CC-EO) pure or formulated in polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles against ten clinical strains of C. auris. Methods: nanoparticles of PCL were produced using CC-EO (nano-CC-EO) and cinnamaldehyde (CIN) through the nanoprecipitation method. The chemical profile of both CC-EO and nano-CC-EO was evaluated using SPME sampling followed by GC-MS analysis. Micro-broth dilution tests were performed to evaluate both fungistatic and fungicidal effectiveness of CC-EO and CIN, pure and nano-formulated. Furthermore, checkerboard tests to evaluate the synergistic action of CC-EO or nano-CC-EO with micafungin or fluconazole were conducted. Finally, the biofilm disrupting activity of both formulations was evaluated. Results: GC-MS analysis shows a different composition between CC-EO and nano-CC-EO. Moreover, the microbiological analyses do not show any variation in antifungal effectiveness either towards the planktonic form (MICCC-EO = 0.01 +/- 0.01 and MICnano-CC-EO = 0.02 +/- 0.01) or the biofilm form. No synergistic activity with the antifungal drugs tested was found. Conclusions: both CC-EO and nano-CC-EO show the same antimicrobial effectiveness and are potential assets in the fight against C. auris.

Aging is a natural skin process that occurs due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as excessive exposure to ultraviolet light (photoaging). The mechanism of damage involves the production of excess free radicals that trigger oxidative stress in the skin. Determining the natural products that have high antioxidant activities as antiaging is up most important. Cinnamomum burmannii and Michelia champaca are typical Aceh plants that are believed to have high antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to determining the contents of C. burmannii and M. champaca as well as to determine the antioxidant and antiaging activities of either individually or combinations. The qualitative phytochemical and semi-quantitative analysis of the extracts were conducted using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity was examined by radical scavenging using the DPPH radical while the antiaging activity was tested the tyrosinase enzyme inhibition test. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of C. burmannii were higher than M. champaca (66.34 vs 24.71 mg gallic acid equivalent/gr) and (80.52 vs 60.20 mg quercetin equivalent/gr). The inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of M. champaca extract in inhibiting DPPH indicated that M. champaca had a better antioxidant activity than C. burmannii. The combination of C. burmannii and M. champaca extracts had a lower IC₅₀ compared to M. champaca alone. C. burmannii and M. champaca extract had a weak potential to inhibit tyrosinase activity (IC₅₀ value ≥1000 µg/mL). In conclusion, this study indicates that M. champaca and C. burmannii have strong antioxidant activities and these might associate with polyphenol contents.

Cinnamon bark is widely used for its organoleptic features in the food context and growing evidence supports its beneficial effect on human health. The market offers an increasingly wide range of food products and supplements enriched with cinnamon extracts which are eliciting beneficial and health-promoting properties. Specifically, the extract of Cinnamomum spp. is rich in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer biomolecules. These include widely reported cinnamic acid and some phenolic compounds, such asproanthocyanidins A and B, and kaempferol. These molecules are sensitive to physical-chemical properties (such as pH and temperature) and biological agents that act during gastric digestion, which could impair molecules’ bioactivity. Therefore, in this study, the cinnamon’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivity after simulated digestion was evaluated by analyzing the chemical profile of the pure extract and digested one, as well as the cellular effect in vitro models, such as Caco2 and intestinal barrier. The results showed that the digestive process reduces the total content of polyphenols, especially tannins, while preserving other bioactive compounds such as cinnamic acid. At the functional level, the digested extract maintains an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect at the cellular level.

At the moment diabetes has become an epidemic disease and according to recent statistics 400 million people have diabetes in the world and it is mainly associated with developing countries, Among the huge and heterogeneous numbers type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is the most prevalent, according to the Global Burden of Diseases study for the year (2016) it was found that T2DM and its complications were responsible for increasing the percentage of disability by 22% in the last ten years. This has greatly affected public health. For this reason, there was a need to make a questionnaire on the knowledge of people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) of the importance of herbs in reducing blood sugar levels, and the research included 142 samples (individuals) who were asked questions in the form of an electronic questionnaire (google form) through social networking sites (Facebook, WhatsApp, Telegram, Messenger and others) and the questionnaire included questions about diet, symptoms and concomitant diseases in addition to whether the patient is taking drugs that lower the level of sugar in the blood as well as about the use of herbs by the patient and what they are These herbs and how much they amount per day, the average amount of herbs used by the patient was one cup, and the most important herbs used were turmeric and learners and led to a decrease in the level of sugar in the blood of the patient who used them. We conclude from this research that type II diabetes is most of its symptoms are frequent urination, thirst, slenderness, limb pain, in addition to limb neuropathy, while the diseases associated with this disease are high blood pressure, heart failure, kidney failure, visual impairment or blurred vision and other diseases.

At the moment diabetes has become an epidemic disease and according to recent statistics 400 million people have diabetes in the world and it is mainly associated with developing countries, Among the huge and heterogeneous numbers type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is the most prevalent, according to the Global Burden of Diseases study for the year (2016) it was found that T2DM and its complications were responsible for increasing the percentage of disability by 22% in the last ten years. This has greatly affected public health. For this reason, there was a need to make a questionnaire on the knowledge of people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) of the importance of herbs in reducing blood sugar levels, and the research included 142 samples (individuals) who were asked questions in the form of an electronic questionnaire (google form) through social networking sites (Facebook, WhatsApp, Telegram, Messenger and others) and the questionnaire included questions about diet, symptoms and concomitant diseases in addition to whether the patient is taking drugs that lower the level of sugar in the blood as well as about the use of herbs by the patient and what they are These herbs and how much they amount per day, the average amount of herbs used by the patient was one cup, and the most important herbs used were turmeric and learners and led to a decrease in the level of sugar in the blood of the patient who used them. We conclude from this research that type II diabetes is most of its symptoms are frequent urination, thirst, slenderness, limb pain, in addition to limb neuropathy, while the diseases associated with this disease are high blood pressure, heart failure, kidney failure, visual impairment or blurred vision and other diseases.

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood, if not treated many body systems can be damaged, especially nerves and blood vessels. The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of pandan leaves and cinnamon decoction on random blood glucose reduction in patients with diabetes mellitus. Method.This research design uses Quasy-Experimental with a pre post test control group design approach. The study population was 35 respondents in Gurangwetan Hamlet. In the selection of samples using purposive sampling method which amounted to 32 respondents. The independent variable in this study is a decoction of fragrant pandanus and cinnamon, while the dependent variable is random blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Instruments used SOP fragrant pandanus and cinnamon decoction, observation sheet, Glucose meter (Esay touch). Data analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney U-test. Result & Analysis. The results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test statistical test of random blood glucose in the intervention group (p=0.001) means that there is an effect of fragrant pandanus and cinnamon decoction on reducing random blood glucose levels, in the control group (p=0.008) means that there is a difference in random blood glucose levels before and after intervention. Discussion. The results of the Mann Whitney U-test showed no difference in the intervention and control groups after being given the intervention to reduce random blood glucose levels (p=0.382). Discussion. The intervention of fragrant pandanus and cinnamon decoction has the same effectiveness as pharmacological drugs that can reduce random blood glucose levels, so this complementary therapy of fragrant pandanus and cinnamon decoction can be used as a companion therapy for people with diabetes mellitus.

The study of brands and brand management has always piqued the interest of practitioners and academics alike. Gardner and Levy (1955), Levy (1959), Martineau (1959), and Allison and Uhl (1959) conducted early, seminal study on brands (1964). This book is about brands: why they are essential, what they represent to consumers, and what businesses should do to properly manage them. Many corporate executives today acknowledge that a company's brands, which it has invested in and cultivated over time, are one of its most important assets. Although brands can be extremely valuable intangible assets, building and maintaining a good brand can be difficult. The goal of this book is to provide a thorough and up-to-date coverage of the topics of brands, brand equity, and strategic brand management—the development and implementation of marketing programmes and activities to establish, measure, and manage brand equity. One of the book's main objectives is to educate managers with ideas and procedures for increasing the long-term profitability of their brand initiatives. We combine a solid theoretical foundation with adequate practical insights to aid managers in their day-to-day and long-term brand decisions. We incorporate current thinking and advancements on these themes from both academics and industry participants.

This study aims to analyze the determinants of Indonesian cinnamon exports to ten main destination countries. The analysis period used in this study is from 2000 to 2019 which uses the Gravity Model analysis with a panel data regression approach. The results of this study indicate that a good model in analyzing the determinants of Indonesian cinnamon exports is the Random Effect Model (REM). Based on the estimation results, the GDP of the destination country, Indonesia's real GDP, economic distance and the real effective exchange rate are factors that determine the volume of Indonesian cinnamon exports to the ten main export destination countries, while population and prices do not affect the volume of Indonesian cinnamon exports.

Cinnamon polyphenols are known as health-promoting agents. However, their positive impact depends on the extraction method and their bioaccessibility after digestion. In this work, cinnamon bark polyphenols were extracted in hot water and subjected to an in vitro enzymatic digestion. After a preliminary characterization of total polyphenols and flavonoids (respectively 520.05 ± 17.43 µgGAeq/mg and 294.77 ± 19.83 µgCATeq/mg powder extract), the extract antimicrobial activity was evidenced only against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis displaying a minimum inhibition growth concentration value of 2 and 1.3 mg/mL, respectively, although it was lost after in vitro extract digestion. The prebiotic potential was evaluated on probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains highlighting a high growth on the in vitro digested cinnamon bark extract (up to 4 × 108 CFU/mL). Thus, the produced SCFAs and other secondary metabolites were extracted from the broth cultures and determined via GC-MSD analyses. The viability of healthy and tumor colorectal cell lines (CCD841 and SW480) was assayed after the exposition at two different concentrations (23 and 46 µgGAeq/mL) of the cinnamon extract, its digested, and the secondary metabolites produced in presence of cinnamon extract or its digested, showing positive protective effects against a tumorigenic condition.

This study aims to analyze the determinants of Indonesian cinnamon exports to ten main destination countries. The analysis period used in this study is from 2000 to 2019 which uses the Gravity Model analysis with a panel data regression approach. The results of this study indicate that a good model in analyzing the determinants of Indonesian cinnamon exports is the Random Effect Model (REM). Based on the estimation results, the GDP of the destination country, Indonesia's real GDP, economic distance and the real effective exchange rate are factors that determine the volume of Indonesian cinnamon exports to the ten main export destination countries, while population and prices do not affect the volume of Indonesian cinnamon exports.

The study of brands and brand management has always piqued the interest of practitioners and academics alike. Gardner and Levy (1955), Levy (1959), Martineau (1959), and Allison and Uhl (1959) conducted early, seminal study on brands (1964). This book is about brands: why they are essential, what they represent to consumers, and what businesses should do to properly manage them. Many corporate executives today acknowledge that a company's brands, which it has invested in and cultivated over time, are one of its most important assets. Although brands can be extremely valuable intangible assets, building and maintaining a good brand can be difficult. The goal of this book is to provide a thorough and up-to-date coverage of the topics of brands, brand equity, and strategic brand management—the development and implementation of marketing programmes and activities to establish, measure, and manage brand equity. One of the book's main objectives is to educate managers with ideas and procedures for increasing the long-term profitability of their brand initiatives. We combine a solid theoretical foundation with adequate practical insights to aid managers in their day-to-day and long-term brand decisions. We incorporate current thinking and advancements on these themes from both academics and industry participants.

Introduction: overweight and obesity are currently considered the most common nutritional pathology in companion animals, studies have shown that blood metabolite levels as triglycerides, total cholesterol and glucose are so high in dogs and cats that programs are recommended to help lose weight, it is here botanical products such as cinnamon are important. Objective: of this review will be to show the benefits of the use of cinnamon in animal obesity. Materials and methods: an electronic search was carried out in different databases and 11 articles were chosen which spoke about the benefits of cinnamon in the management of obesity. Results: the cinnamon is a spice rich in substances such as polyphenols, tannins, coumarin, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ligands (PPAR), procianidins type A and type B, has a similar effect to insulin and in turn increases some glucose transporters, such as GLUT4, thus decreasing blood glucose levels, It was found that cinnamon has hypolipidemic effects, antiinflammatory and even antiangiogenesis effects. Conclusion: Cinnamomun has benefical effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in animals, Introducción: el sobrepeso y la obesidad son considerados en la actualidad como la patología nutricional más común en los animales de compañía, estudios han demostrado que los niveles de metabolitos sanguíneos como triglicéridos, colesterol total y glucosa son tan altos en perros y gatos, que se recomiendan programas para ayudar a bajar de peso, es aquí donde cobran importancia productos botánicos como la canela. Objetivo: indagar y reportar los beneficios que tiene el uso de la canela sobre la obesidad de los animales. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en diferentes bases de datos y fueron escogidos 11 artículos, los cuales se relacionaban con los beneficios de la canela en el manejo de la obesidad.

Autochthones grape variety of ‘Prokupac’ (Vitis vinifera L.) is being increasingly cultivated in the Republic of Serbia and is one of the predominant varieties in the vineyards of southern Serbia. ‘Prokupac’ grapes are used to produce red wine with specific and distinctive varietal aromatic characteristics. Medicinal herbs can be effectively combined in alcoholic beverages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of medicinal herbs on the aroma profile and sensory characteristics of ‘Prokupac’ red wine. The analysis of the aromatic composition was conducted on ‘Prokupac’ wine (control) and ‘Prokupac’ wine aromatised with selected medicinal herbs: anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl.), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). The analysis of volatile aromatic compounds in the wines, performed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method, identified 48 compounds that were classified in the following groups: alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, ethyl esters and terpenes. Sensory analysis of wines was performed including visual, olfactory, gustatory and gustatory-olfactory perceptions. Terpenes were not identified in the ‘Prokupac’ control wine, while the highest content of all identified aromatic compounds was found in wines aromatised with anise, wormwood and cinnamon. The results indicated that selected medicinal herbs affected the composition and content of volatile aromatic compounds, as well as the sensory characteristics of analyzed wines. The unique aroma profile and pleasant taste of the wine aromatised with cinnamon contributed to its differentiation from other wines, and classification as very good wine.

The study of brands and brand management has always piqued the interest of practitioners and academics alike. Gardner and Levy (1955), Levy (1959), Martineau (1959), and Allison and Uhl (1959) conducted early, seminal study on brands (1964). This book is about brands: why they are essential, what they represent to consumers, and what businesses should do to properly manage them. Many corporate executives today acknowledge that a company's brands, which it has invested in and cultivated over time, are one of its most important assets. Although brands can be extremely valuable intangible assets, building and maintaining a good brand can be difficult. The goal of this book is to provide a thorough and up-to-date coverage of the topics of brands, brand equity, and strategic brand management—the development and implementation of marketing programmes and activities to establish, measure, and manage brand equity. One of the book's main objectives is to educate managers with ideas and procedures for increasing the long-term profitability of their brand initiatives. We combine a solid theoretical foundation with adequate practical insights to aid managers in their day-to-day and long-term brand decisions. We incorporate current thinking and advancements on these themes from both academics and industry participants.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging nosocomial pathogen resistant to a wide spectrum of antibiotics, with great potential to form a biofilm, which further aggravates treatment of infections caused by it. Therefore, searching for new potent agents that are efficient against A. baumannii seems to be a necessity. One of them, which has already been proven to possess a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial effect, is cinnamon essential oil. Still, further increase of antibacterial efficacy and improvement of bioavailability of cinnamon oil is possible by emulsification process. The aim of this study was comparative analysis of cinnamon essential oil and its emulsion against biofilm forming A. baumannii clinical isolates. Furthermore, the investigation of toxicological aspects of possible applications of essential oil and emulsion was done as well. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of essential oil indicated trans-cinnamaldehyde as the most abundant component. The cinnamon emulsion was synthesized from cinnamon essential oil by combining modified low- and high- energy methods. Synthesized emulsion was characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. Both substances exhibited significant antibacterial (minimal inhibitory concentrations in the range 0.125–0.5 mg/ml) and antibiofilm effects (inhibitions of formation and reduction of pre-formed biofilm were 47–81 and 30–62%, respectively). Compared to essential oil, the efficacy of emulsion was even stronger considering the small share of pure oil (20%) in the emulsion. The result of biofilm eradication assay was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Even though the cytotoxicity was high especially for the emulsion, genotoxicity was not determined. In conclusion, strong antibacterial/antibiofilm effect against A. baumannii of the cinnamon essential oil and the fact that emulsification even potentiated the activity, seems to be of great signif

Objective: Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogenic species which presents a danger to healthcare facilities due to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance. Plants are currently being explored as a potential source of bioactive compounds that could be used to combat infectious diseases. Cinnamon is used as a food spice, but essential oil has been proven for antimicrobial activity. Due to reduced stability and solubility of essential oil, nanoemulsion (NE) synthesis could provide stronger antimicrobial effects. Investigation and comparison of antimicrobial activity of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum L.) bark essential oil (EO) and NE on the A. baumannii ATCC19606 and clinical isolates. Effect of EO and NE on biofilm formation and biofilm eradication. Methods: GC/MS was performed in order to determine chemical composition of commercially purchased EO (P0125285, Frey + Lau, GmbH, Henstedt-Ulzburg, Germany). Droplet/particle size and polydispersity index of NE was determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). Minimal inhibitory concentration of EO and NE were defined using MIC assay. Effects of EO and NE were also examined on biofilm formation and eradication. Crystal violet staining was used for biofilm biomass quantification. Results: GC/MS analysis determined that the most common compound was trans-Cinnamaldehyde (61.9%). NE droplet/particles had multimodal distribution, shown by PCS. MIC values for EO were in range 0.25mg/mL — 0.5mg/mL, and for NE 0.125mg/mL — 0.25mg/mL. Both tested substances showed good effect on biofilm eradication, and destroyed biofilm biomass up to 64%, whilst the inhibition of biofilm formation was up to 70%. Conclusion: Taking all the results into account, it is a good start for further investigations of both EO and NE as a potential antimicrobial agent. Deeper knowledge about the mechanisms of actions of both of these tested substances could help us to understand the best and the most effective way to use them, in order to combat ag

Obesity is a condition that shows an imbalance between height and weight due to the accumulation of fat tissue in the body resulting in excess body weight that exceeds the ideal size. Obesity in Indonesia has become a national problem that must be addressed immediately. This study was to determine the effectiveness of aerobic exercise (Zumba) and cinnamon bark tea on body fat composition in obese women. This study was conducted on 75 respondents consisting of 36 aerobics (Zumba) and 39 people for 24 days with purposive accidental sampling. This type of research is a Quasy Experiment with a pre-posttest design with the control group. Statistical test using paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test with an alpha value of 0.05 (a = 0.05) was conducted. The results showed that the average body fat before aerobic exercise (Zumba) was 36.14%, and the average after aerobic exercise was 35.59%, so the difference between the two was 0.55%; paired t-test p-value = 0.001. The average body fat composition before drinking cinnamon bark tea was 38.46%, and the average body fat composition after drinking cinnamon bark was 37.82%. So the mean difference between the two is 0.64%. Paired t-test p-value = 0.002. Unpaired t-test to compare the two groups, and the mean difference between the two was 2.23%, with a p = 0.001. The study concluded that aerobic exercise (Zumba) and drinking cinnamon bark tea can reduce body fat, but what is more effective is drinking cinnamon bark tea. The study recommended that reducing body fat in obesity will be even better when the aerobic exercise routine is accompanied by regular consumption of cinnamon bark 2 times a day for 60 minutes.

Cinnamon is a popular spice with a lengthy overseas supply chain. C. cassia is commonly traded as cinnamon, but the use of rapid methods to detect its adulteration has not yet been fully addressed. This work explores the use of FT-IR spectroscopy for the detection of adulteration in the cinnamon supply chain by several lower value ingredients. Two species of cinnamon (C. verum and C. cassia) and an adulterant (cinnamon spend, n = 2) were used to create 110 different in-house admixtures. Two different replacement fraud experiments were designed: C. cassia replaced with spend (Scenario A) and C. verum replaced with both C. cassia and spend (Scenario B). Initial analysis by GC-IMS showed promising differences between samples. The FT-IR spectra confirmed significant raw differences in absorbance. PCA for Scenario A demonstrated better separation than in Scenario B. The detection of adulteration of C. cassia (Scenario A) and C. verum (Scenario B) were equality accurate. Classification results showed that the PLS-DA technique was superior to SIMCA for both types of adulteration (PLS-DA: 94-90%; SIMCA: 83-79%, respectively). This demonstrates the potential of FT-IR as a screening method to identify cinnamon adulteration in supply chains and to provide accurate and rapid results without sample preparation.

The cinnamon Cinnamomun verum J.Presl is an evergreen tree from Sri Lanka. Various properties have been attributed to it, one of them being the reduction of the glucose level, therefore the objective of this work was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of cinnamon Cinnamomun verum J.Presl, which grows in the Huyro district (Convention Province, Cusco-Peru) at an altitude of 1524 masl. Cinnamon was collected (leaves, fruit and stem), its taxonomic classification was carried out and with the collected samples the aqueous extract was used that was used to perform the phytochemical screening, bromatological analysis and to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity (in concentrations 60 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) in rats induced by hyperglycemia with streptozocin. A significant decrease in blood glucose level was observed in rats treated with the aqueous cinnamon extract., La canela Cinnamomun verum J.Presl es un árbol de hoja perenne proveniente de Sri Lanka. Se le han atribuido diversas propiedades, siendo una de ellas la reducción del nivel de glucosa, por ello el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto hipoglicemiante de la canela Cinnamomun verum J.Presl que crece en el distrito de Huyro (Provincia de la Convención, Cusco-Perú) a una altitud de 1524 msnm. Se colectó canela (hojas, fruto y tallo), se realizó su clasificación taxonómica y con las muestras colectadas se realizó el extracto acuoso que fue empleado para realizar el tamizaje fitoquímico, análisis bromatológico y para evaluar la actividad hipoglicemiante (en concentraciones 60 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg y 150 mg/kg) en ratas inducidas a hiperglicemia con estreptozocina. Se observó una disminución significativa del nivel de glucosa en sangre en las ratas tratadas con el extracto acuoso de canela.

[SPA] La mayoría de los alimentos representan un entorno fértil para el crecimiento de bacterias patógenas. En condiciones poco higiénicas, la contaminación causada por estos microorganismos podría resultar en brotes de enfermedades de transmisión alimentaria que afecten a la salud pública. Además, esta contaminación puede causar importantes pérdidas económicas a las industrias al tener que retirar el producto del mercado, lo cual afectará notablemente a su reputación. Por esta razón, las buenas prácticas de higiene deben mantenerse y controlarse desde la granja hasta la mesa. En otras palabras, se debe aplicar una desinfección adecuada, una buena manipulación y se debe cumplir la normativa durante la producción, procesado, transporte, distribución, venta y consumo. Listeria monocytogenes y Salmonella Enteritidis son dos de los retos más importantes para la industria alimentaria por diferentes razones. La listeriosis tiene una de las tasas de mortalidad más alta respeto a otros patógenos alimentarios y podría llegar a ser letal para los grupos más vulnerables. Otro problema asociado con L. monocytogenes, es su capacidad de multiplicarse a temperaturas de refrigeración. Salmonella spp. ha sido vinculada con la mayoría de los brotes de intoxicación alimentaria en la Unión Europea, siendo S. Enteritidis la serovariedad más predominante. Además, la salmonelosis puede llegar a ser grave poniendo en peligro a los humanos. Ambos patógenos pueden introducirse en la cadena alimentaria a través de materias primas, trabajadores y otras fuentes, ya que viven en varios hábitats. Además de eso, pueden formar biofilms sobre diferentes superficies, lo que hace que su presencia sea muy preocupante. Los biofilms son comunidades microbianas complejas unidas entre sí por una matriz extracelular polimérica. Las células que forman parte de un biofilm son más resistentes que sus formas planctónicas. Por lo general, los biofilms se forman en zonas inaccesibles de las plantas de procesado

One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease is pathological tau aggregation. We previously reported that cinnamaldehyde, found in cinnamon, could inhibit tau aggregation in vitro, by reacting with one or both of the two cysteines in tau. In my thesis, I use spectrophotometric methods to show that both cysteines display hyperreactivity over model sulfhydryl compounds by as much as four fold. The hyperreactivity is specific to cysteines in tau as opposed to those in other sulfhydryl-containing cellular proteins. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) displays several characteristics that make it favorable as a possible inhibitor of aggregation in vivo: it is a water-soluble, brain-permeable molecule that is non-toxic and inexpensive. I now show in my thesis that the hyperreactivity of CA toward tau specifically, as described in this thesis, is an additional favorable property towards the goal of being a potential therapeutic.

One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease is pathological tau aggregation. We previously reported that cinnamaldehyde, found in cinnamon, could inhibit tau aggregation in vitro, by reacting with one or both of the two cysteines in tau. In my thesis, I use spectrophotometric methods to show that both cysteines display hyperreactivity over model sulfhydryl compounds by as much as four fold. The hyperreactivity is specific to cysteines in tau as opposed to those in other sulfhydryl-containing cellular proteins. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) displays several characteristics that make it favorable as a possible inhibitor of aggregation in vivo: it is a water-soluble, brain-permeable molecule that is non-toxic and inexpensive. I now show in my thesis that the hyperreactivity of CA toward tau specifically, as described in this thesis, is an additional favorable property towards the goal of being a potential therapeutic.

Cinnamon is an extraordinary commodity which has come to represent Sri Lankan culture far beyond its economic value. As a plant that is native to the island, cinnamon has a long-standing association with Sri Lankan culture and identity. Its unique aroma and medicinal and edible qualities have for centuries enabled it to capture the imaginations of individuals and empires. Cinnamon has been used as a multi-purpose spice due to its medicinal, preservative and edible qualities. The focus of this paper is an investigation of the early consumption of cinnamon around the world, beyond the shores of Sri Lanka. This study will provide a better understanding of cinnamon that goes beyond the cookery pot, whether as a spice in curries, or a flavour in baking. This discussion of cinnamon as something more than an attractive spice extends to comments about its cultural value and meaning, rather than its commercial value.

Cinnamon is an extraordinary commodity which has come to represent Sri Lankan culture far beyond its economic value. As a plant that is native to the island, cinnamon has a long-standing association with Sri Lankan culture and identity. Its unique aroma and medicinal and edible qualities have for centuries enabled it to capture the imaginations of individuals and empires. Cinnamon has been used as a multi-purpose spice due to its medicinal, preservative and edible qualities. The focus of this paper is an investigation of the early consumption of cinnamon around the world, beyond the shores of Sri Lanka. This study will provide a better understanding of cinnamon that goes beyond the cookery pot, whether as a spice in curries, or a flavour in baking. This discussion of cinnamon as something more than an attractive spice extends to comments about its cultural value and meaning, rather than its commercial value.

Cinnamon is an extraordinary commodity which has come to represent Sri Lankan culture far beyond its economic value. As a plant that is native to the island, cinnamon has a long-standing association with Sri Lankan culture and identity. Its unique aroma and medicinal and edible qualities have for centuries enabled it to capture the imaginations of individuals and empires. Cinnamon has been used as a multi-purpose spice due to its medicinal, preservative and edible qualities. The focus of this paper is an investigation of the early consumption of cinnamon around the world, beyond the shores of Sri Lanka. This study will provide a better understanding of cinnamon that goes beyond the cookery pot, whether as a spice in curries, or a flavour in baking. This discussion of cinnamon as something more than an attractive spice extends to comments about its cultural value and meaning, rather than its commercial value.

Utvrđivan je uticaj etarskih ulja cimeta (Cinnamomi zeylanicum) i karanfilića (Eugenia caryophyllata) na prihvatljivost mamaka na bazi žita za domaćeg miša u skladišnim uslovima. U ciju optimizacije sadržaja etarskog ulja, ispitivan je efekat tri različite koncentracije, 0.5, 0.75 i 1 %. Eksperimenti su izvedeni u skladišnim objektima mlina i objektima za skladištenje semenskog i sadnog materijala. Atraktantno delovanje ispitivanih koncentracija etarskih ulja cimeta i karanfilića u odnosu na placebo mamac bilo je statistički značajno od početka pa do sedmog dana eksperimenta. Sedmog dana, u objektima mlina, prosečna konzumacija mamaca sa sadržajem etarskog ulja cimeta u koncentracijama od 0.75 % i 1 % bila je do 46 %, odnosno 35.5 % viša u odnosu na placebo mamac. Četrnaestog dana nije zabeležena statistički značajna razlika u konzumaciji ponuđenih mamaca u objektima mlina. U skladišnim objektima semenskog i sadnog materijala, zabeležena je statistički značajna razlika u konzumaciji ispitivanih mamaca. Prosečna konzumacija mamaka sa sadržajem od 0.75 % i 1 % etarskog ulja cimeta, četrnaestog dana od početka eksperimenta bila je za 47 %, odnosno 51 % viša u odnosu na placebo mamac. U odnosu na druge ispitivane mamce, mamci sa sadržajem etarskog ulja cimeta u koncentracijama od 0.75 % i 1 % ispoljili su atraktantnije delovanje u odnosu na druge mamce i međusobno se nisu statistički značajno razlikovali., The effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomi zeylanicum) and clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oils on the acceptibility of cereal-based baits to house mice in storage facilities was examined. The effects of three concentrations, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 %, were tested for optimization purposes. The experiments were performed in a mill storage, and in another storage for seeds and seedlings. Attractiveness of the examined concentrations of cinnamon and clove essential oils was statistically significant, compared to placebo bait, within seven days of the experiment. On the seventh day, the average consumption of baits containing 0.75 % and 1 % concentrations of cinnamon oil was 46 % in the mill storage, i.e. 35.5 % more than placebo baits were consumed. Fourteen days after the beginning of the experiment, no significant difference was detected in the consumption of baits offered in the mill storage. On the other hand, a significant difference was revealed regarding the consumption of examined baits in the seed and seedling storage. The average consumption of baits containing 0.75 % and 1 % cinnamon oil was 47 % and 51 % higher after 14 days than the consumption of placebo bait. Compared to the other test baits, those containing cinnamon essential oil at 0.75 % and 1 % concentration demonstrated better attractiveness without mutual statistically significant differences.

Antifungal activity of two essential oils, cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry), was evaluated against Cladobotryum dendroides (Bull.) W. Gams & Hooz, and Lecanicillium fungicola var. fungicola (Preuss) Hasebrauk, the causal agents of cobweb and dry bubble disease of cultivated mushroom. Inhibitory and fungicidal activity of the selected essential oils was assayed using three methods: microdilution, macrodilution fumigant and macrodilution contact method. Comparing all three methods, clove essential oil showed stronger activity than cinnamon against both fungi, having minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at the lowest concentrations tested (1.56, 0.02 and 0.1 µl ml-1, respectively). However, cinnamon oil was more toxic to L. fungicola var. fungicola then to C. dendroides in all three methods. Both oils exhibited stronger antifungal effects when used in the macrodilution fumigant than in contact method. The results showed that both cinnamon and clove essential oils have the potential for further in vivo experiments against L. fungicola var. fungicola and C. dendroides and indicated a possible use of these oils in integrated disease management in mushrooms., Ispitana je antifungalna aktivnost etarskih ulja cimeta i karanfilića prema Cladobotryum dendroides (Bull.) W. Gams & Hooz, i Lecanicillium fungicola var. fungicola (Preuss) Hasebrauk, prouzrokovačima paučinaste plesni i suve truleži šampinjona. Antifungalna aktivnost odabranih etarskih ulja testirana je primenom tri različite metode: mikrodilucione, makrodilucione fumigantne i makrodilucione kontaktne metode. Etarsko ulje karanfilića je ispoljilo jači efekat od ulja cimeta na obe gljive primenom sve tri metode, sa minimalnim inhibitornim koncentrecijama pri najnižim testiranim koncentracijama (1,56, 0,02 i 0,1 µl ml-1). Ulje cimeta je pokazalo veću toksičnost prema L. fungicola var. fungicola nego prema C. dendroides. Ispitivana etarska ulja ispoljila su jače antifungalno dejstvo primenjena fumigantno nego kontaktno u makrodilucionoj metodi. Antifungalno delovanje etarskih ulja cimeta i karanfilića in vitro, ukazuje na potencijal za dalja ispitivanja njihove efikasnosti in vivo, kao i mogućnosti uključivanja ovih etarskih ulja u integralnu zaštitu jestivih gljiva od bolesti prouzrokovanih mikopatogenim gljivama L. fungicola var. fungicola i C. dendroides.

Utvrđen je uticaj etarskog ulja cimeta, u koncentraciji 0.75 %, na ispoljavanje atraktivnosti mamaca, kao i ukupna biološka efikasnost aktivnih materija bromadiolona i difenakuma za domaćeg miša u praktičnim uslovima primene. Eksperimenti su izvedeni u skladišnim objektima, sa stabilnim populacijama domaćeg miša, za koje nije bila utvrđena rezistentnost na antikoagulantne rodenticide. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između ispitivanih mamaca na bazi bromadiolona i ispitivanih mamaca na bazi difenakuma. Mamci na bazi bromadiolona, sa sadržajem etarskog ulja cimeta, prosečno su bili konzumirani za 74 % više od mamaca na bazi bromadiolona u kojima nije bilo dodatka ulja. Prosečna ukupna efikasnost ovih mamaca u suzbijanju domaćeg miša bila je 96 %. Povećanje konzumacije mamaca na bazi difenakuma sa dodatim eteričnim uljem cimeta u ovom eksperimentu bila je za 39 %, odnosno 119 % viša u odnosu na mamce bez dodatka eteričnog ulja. Prosečna ukupna efikasnost ovih mamaca bila je 99,5 % u suzbijanju domaćeg miša., The effects of 0.75 % concentration of cinnamon essential oil on bait attractiveness and total biological efficacy of bromadiolone and difenacoum rodenticides to the house mouse were tested in practice. The experiments were conducted in storages with stable house mouse populations for which no resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides had been previously reported. A statistically significant difference was detected between bromadiolone and difenacoum baits. Consumption of bromadiolone baits supplemented with cinnamon essential oil was 74 % higher than the consumption of bromadiolone baits without cinnamon oil. The average efficacy of bromadiolone baits in controlling house mice was 96 %. Cinnamon essential oil added to difenacoum baits increased bait consumption by 39 %, i.e. it was 119 % higher than the consumption of oil-free baits. The average efficacy of difenacoum baits in controlling house mice was 99.5 %.

The effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum) on serum C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein commonly used as a marker of inflammation, is uncertain. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of cinnamon to determine the effect on levels of serum CRP, relative to controls. Studies were identified by a search of electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Scopus before August 2018. Combined and stratified analyses were used. Weighted mean differences (WMD) and its 95% confidence interval were estimated for net change in serum CRP by using random-effects model. The heterogeneity of meta-analysis was assessed by χ2 and I2 test.Six studies were identified, and data from 285 participants were included. Pooled analysis showed significant reductions in serum CRP (WMD: −0.81 mg/L, 95% CI: −1.36 to −0.26, p = 0.004), with significant heterogeneity between selected studies. Improvements in sub-group analysis were observed when baseline CRP levels were greater than 3 mg/dL, and in trials of >12 weeks duration. Doses <1500 mg/day and ≥1500 mg/day were effective in lowering serum CRP (WMD: −0.56 mg/dL, 95% CI: −1.01 to -0.10, p = 0.02 and WMD: −2.13 mg/dL, 95% CI: −4.08 to −0.19, p = 0.03), respectively, with significantly reduced heterogeneity in trials with lower doses of cinnamon <1500 mg/day (test for heterogeneity: P = 0.22 and I2 = 33%). No changes were found in controls.Cinnamon supplementation improves levels of serum CRP, particularly in chronic conditions, where basal CRP levels are raised. Further well-designed studies are warranted to confirm or not the above mentioned findings.

The effects of 0.75 % concentration of cinnamon essential oil on bait attractiveness and total biological efficacy of bromadiolone and difenacoum rodenticides to the house mouse were tested in practice. The experiments were conducted in storages with stable house mouse populations for which no resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides had been previously reported. A statistically significant difference was detected between bromadiolone and difenacoum baits. Consumption of bromadiolone baits supplemented with cinnamon essential oil was 74 % higher than the consumption of bromadiolone baits without cinnamon oil. The average efficacy of bromadiolone baits in controlling house mice was 96 %. Cinnamon essential oil added to difenacoum baits increased bait consumption by 39 %, i.e. it was 119 % higher than the consumption of oil-free baits. The average efficacy of difenacoum baits in controlling house mice was 99.5 %., Utvrđen je uticaj etarskog ulja cimeta, u koncentraciji 0.75 %, na ispoljavanje atraktivnosti mamaca, kao i ukupna biološka efikasnost aktivnih materija bromadiolona i difenakuma za domaćeg miša u praktičnim uslovima primene. Eksperimenti su izvedeni u skladišnim objektima, sa stabilnim populacijama domaćeg miša, za koje nije bila utvrđena rezistentnost na antikoagulantne rodenticide. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između ispitivanih mamaca na bazi bromadiolona i ispitivanih mamaca na bazi difenakuma. Mamci na bazi bromadiolona, sa sadržajem etarskog ulja cimeta, prosečno su bili konzumirani za 74 % više od mamaca na bazi bromadiolona u kojima nije bilo dodatka ulja. Prosečna ukupna efikasnost ovih mamaca u suzbijanju domaćeg miša bila je 96 %. Povećanje konzumacije mamaca na bazi difenakuma sa dodatim eteričnim uljem cimeta u ovom eksperimentu bila je za 39 %, odnosno 119 % viša u odnosu na mamce bez dodatka eteričnog ulja. Prosečna ukupna efikasnost ovih mamaca bila je 99,5 % u suzbijanju domaćeg miša.

The effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomi zeylanicum) and clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oils on the acceptibility of cereal-based baits to house mice in storage facilities was examined. The effects of three concentrations, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 %, were tested for optimization purposes. The experiments were performed in a mill storage, and in another storage for seeds and seedlings. Attractiveness of the examined concentrations of cinnamon and clove essential oils was statistically significant, compared to placebo bait, within seven days of the experiment. On the seventh day, the average consumption of baits containing 0.75 % and 1 % concentrations of cinnamon oil was 46 % in the mill storage, i.e. 35.5 % more than placebo baits were consumed. Fourteen days after the beginning of the experiment, no significant difference was detected in the consumption of baits offered in the mill storage. On the other hand, a significant difference was revealed regarding the consumption of examined baits in the seed and seedling storage. The average consumption of baits containing 0.75 % and 1 % cinnamon oil was 47 % and 51 % higher after 14 days than the consumption of placebo bait. Compared to the other test baits, those containing cinnamon essential oil at 0.75 % and 1 % concentration demonstrated better attractiveness without mutual statistically significant differences., Utvrđivan je uticaj etarskih ulja cimeta (Cinnamomi zeylanicum) i karanfilića (Eugenia caryophyllata) na prihvatljivost mamaka na bazi žita za domaćeg miša u skladišnim uslovima. U ciju optimizacije sadržaja etarskog ulja, ispitivan je efekat tri različite koncentracije, 0.5, 0.75 i 1 %. Eksperimenti su izvedeni u skladišnim objektima mlina i objektima za skladištenje semenskog i sadnog materijala. Atraktantno delovanje ispitivanih koncentracija etarskih ulja cimeta i karanfilića u odnosu na placebo mamac bilo je statistički značajno od početka pa do sedmog dana eksperimenta. Sedmog dana, u objektima mlina, prosečna konzumacija mamaca sa sadržajem etarskog ulja cimeta u koncentracijama od 0.75 % i 1 % bila je do 46 %, odnosno 35.5 % viša u odnosu na placebo mamac. Četrnaestog dana nije zabeležena statistički značajna razlika u konzumaciji ponuđenih mamaca u objektima mlina. U skladišnim objektima semenskog i sadnog materijala, zabeležena je statistički značajna razlika u konzumaciji ispitivanih mamaca. Prosečna konzumacija mamaka sa sadržajem od 0.75 % i 1 % etarskog ulja cimeta, četrnaestog dana od početka eksperimenta bila je za 47 %, odnosno 51 % viša u odnosu na placebo mamac. U odnosu na druge ispitivane mamce, mamci sa sadržajem etarskog ulja cimeta u koncentracijama od 0.75 % i 1 % ispoljili su atraktantnije delovanje u odnosu na druge mamce i međusobno se nisu statistički značajno razlikovali.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá obsahem polyfenolových látek ve vybraných vzorcích superpotravin. Dále byl studován i vztah mezi obsahem polyfenolových látek a antioxidační aktivitou. V teoretické části jsou uvedeny charakteristiky superpotravin, jejich účinky na lidské zdraví, dále principy kapalinové chromatografiea extrakčních metod. V experimentální části byly polyfenolové látky identifikovány a kvantifikovány pomocí HPLC s detektorem CoulArray. Dále byl stanoven celkový obsah polyfenolových látek metodou dle Folin-Ciocalteua. Antioxidační aktivita byla stanovena pomocí metod DPPH a ABTS. V závěru práce jsou získané výsledky diskutovány a jednotlivé superpotraviny jsou porovnány s publikovanou literaturou i mezi sebou na základě jejich antioxidační aktivity a obsahu polyfenolových látek., This diploma thesis deals with the content of polyphenols in selected samples of superfoods. The relation between the content of polyphenols and the antioxidant activity was also studied. The theoretical part is focused on the characteristics of superfoods, their effects on human health, further the principle of liquid chromatography and extraction methods. In the experimental section, polyphenols were identified and quantified by HPLC with CoulArray detector. In addition, the total amount of polyphenols was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH and ABTS methods. In the end of the thesis the results are discussed and the individual superfoods are compared with published literature and among each other on the basis of their antioxidant activity and the content of polyphenols., Fakulta chemicko-technologická, Studentka úspěšně obhájila diplomovou práci a zodpověděla otázky komise.

The diabetes epidemic is now expected by the year 2050 to become a global pandemic with approx. 592 million affected in both the developed and developing world. The treatment of diabetes by insulin therapy has been the focus for many diabetics with the improvement and prevention of various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and neurodegeneration. The global nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) epidemic has now become of major concern to diabetes with critical interest in insulin therapy to reverse and stabilize autoimmune disease with relevance to NAFLD and the diabetes pandemic. Dietary components that activate anti-aging genes improve insulin therapy and should be assessed with specific amounts and doses of Indian spices consumed that may not interfere with insulin therapy and induce mitophagy in various diseases. Food quality, appetite control and core body temperature are critical to maintain insulin therapy with unhealthy diets linked to NAFLD and diabetes. Genomic medicine and dietary activators are essential to maintain insulin therapy and prevent toxic immune reactions with relevance to NAFLD and diabetes management.

The diabetes epidemic is now expected by the year 2050 to become a global pandemic with approx. 592 million affected in both the developed and developing world. The treatment of diabetes by insulin therapy has been the focus for many diabetics with the improvement and prevention of various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and neurodegeneration. The global nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) epidemic has now become of major concern to diabetes with critical interest in insulin therapy to reverse and stabilize autoimmune disease with relevance to NAFLD and the diabetes pandemic. Dietary components that activate anti-aging genes improve insulin therapy and should be assessed with specific amounts and doses of Indian spices consumed that may not interfere with insulin therapy and induce mitophagy in various diseases. Food quality, appetite control and core body temperature are critical to maintain insulin therapy with unhealthy diets linked to NAFLD and diabetes. Genomic medicine and dietary activators are essential to maintain insulin therapy and prevent toxic immune reactions with relevance to NAFLD and diabetes management.

Objective. Due to the increased parasitic resistance, there is a need to explore alternative insecticides, including natural products, such essential oils. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the insecticidal and repellent effect of Cinnamomun zeylanicum (free and nanoemulsion forms) in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods. For that, the insecticidal effect of the free form was tested at 1.0, 5.0 and 10%, while the nanoemulsion form was tested at 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0% against adult house flies, Musca domestica. For validation of the test, the flies were sprayed with the diluent (water and triton 10%) and with blank nanoemulsion (without C. zeylanicum essential oil). Moreover, in vivo test was performed using cows naturally infested with Haemotobia irritans. Results. The results demonstrated that cinnamon oil (10%) and the nanoemulsion (5%) were 100% effective against M. domestica after 90 minutes of exposure. The repellent effect was tested in vivo using 5% of cinnamon oil on Holstein cows naturally infested by Haemotobia irritans. The flies were counted at 0, 1, 2, 3, 9 and 24 h after cinnamon oil treatment. It was verified significant decrease (p<0.05) in the number of flies on cows sprayed with cinnamon in all times. Conclusions. Based on these results, C. zeylanicum showed insecticidal effect (in vitro) against domestic flies and repellent effect (in vivo) against the horn fly., Resumen Objetivo. Debido a la mayor resistencia parásita, hay una necesidad de explorar insecticidas alternativos, incluidos los productos naturales, tales como aceites esenciales. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar, para el primer equipo, el efecto insecticida y repelente de Cinnamomum zeylanicum (formas libres y nanoemulsión) in vitro e in vivo. Materiales y métodos. Para ello, el efecto insecticida de la forma libre se ensayó a 1.0, 5.0 y 10%, mientras que la forma nanoemulsión se ensayó a 0.5, 1.0 y 5.0% frente a las moscas domésticas adultas, Musca domestica. Para la validación de la prueba, las moscas fueron rociados con el diluyente (agua y triton 10%) y con nanoemulsión en blanco (sin aceite esencial de C. zeylanicum). También, fueron realizados pruebas in vivo usando vacas naturalmente infestadas con Haemotobia irritans. Resultados. Los resultados demostraron que el aceite de canela (10%) y la nanoemulsión (5%) fueron 100% eficaz contra M. domestica después de 90 minutos de exposición. El efecto repelente se ensayó in vivo usando 5% de aceite de canela en vacas Holstein, naturalmente infestados por Haemotobia irritans. Se contaron las moscas a las 0, 1, 2, 3, 9 y 24 h después del tratamiento el aceite de canela. Se verificó disminución significativa (p<0.05) en el número de moscas vivas de vacas canela pulverizada en todo momento. Conclusiones. En base a estos resultados, C. zeylanicum mostró un efecto insecticida (in vitro) contra las moscas domésticas y efecto repelente (in vivo) contra la mosca de los cuernos.

The effects of 0.75 % concentration of cinnamon essential oil on bait attractiveness and total biological efficacy of bromadiolone and difenacoum rodenticides to the house mouse were tested in practice. The experiments were conducted in storages with stable house mouse populations for which no resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides had been previously reported. A statistically significant difference was detected between bromadiolone and difenacoum baits. Consumption of bromadiolone baits supplemented with cinnamon essential oil was 74 % higher than the consumption of bromadiolone baits without cinnamon oil. The average efficacy of bromadiolone baits in controlling house mice was 96 %. Cinnamon essential oil added to difenacoum baits increased bait consumption by 39 %, i.e. it was 119 % higher than the consumption of oil-free baits. The average efficacy of difenacoum baits in controlling house mice was 99.5 %., Utvrđen je uticaj etarskog ulja cimeta, u koncentraciji 0.75 %, na ispoljavanje atraktivnosti mamaca, kao i ukupna biološka efikasnost aktivnih materija bromadiolona i difenakuma za domaćeg miša u praktičnim uslovima primene. Eksperimenti su izvedeni u skladišnim objektima, sa stabilnim populacijama domaćeg miša, za koje nije bila utvrđena rezistentnost na antikoagulantne rodenticide. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između ispitivanih mamaca na bazi bromadiolona i ispitivanih mamaca na bazi difenakuma. Mamci na bazi bromadiolona, sa sadržajem etarskog ulja cimeta, prosečno su bili konzumirani za 74 % više od mamaca na bazi bromadiolona u kojima nije bilo dodatka ulja. Prosečna ukupna efikasnost ovih mamaca u suzbijanju domaćeg miša bila je 96 %. Povećanje konzumacije mamaca na bazi difenakuma sa dodatim eteričnim uljem cimeta u ovom eksperimentu bila je za 39 %, odnosno 119 % viša u odnosu na mamce bez dodatka eteričnog ulja. Prosečna ukupna efikasnost ovih mamaca bila je 99,5 % u suzbijanju domaćeg miša.

The effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomi zeylanicum) and clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oils on the acceptibility of cereal-based baits to house mice in storage facilities was examined. The effects of three concentrations, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 %, were tested for optimization purposes. The experiments were performed in a mill storage, and in another storage for seeds and seedlings. Attractiveness of the examined concentrations of cinnamon and clove essential oils was statistically significant, compared to placebo bait, within seven days of the experiment. On the seventh day, the average consumption of baits containing 0.75 % and 1 % concentrations of cinnamon oil was 46 % in the mill storage, i.e. 35.5 % more than placebo baits were consumed. Fourteen days after the beginning of the experiment, no significant difference was detected in the consumption of baits offered in the mill storage. On the other hand, a significant difference was revealed regarding the consumption of examined baits in the seed and seedling storage. The average consumption of baits containing 0.75 % and 1 % cinnamon oil was 47 % and 51 % higher after 14 days than the consumption of placebo bait. Compared to the other test baits, those containing cinnamon essential oil at 0.75 % and 1 % concentration demonstrated better attractiveness without mutual statistically significant differences., Utvrđivan je uticaj etarskih ulja cimeta (Cinnamomi zeylanicum) i karanfilića (Eugenia caryophyllata) na prihvatljivost mamaka na bazi žita za domaćeg miša u skladišnim uslovima. U ciju optimizacije sadržaja etarskog ulja, ispitivan je efekat tri različite koncentracije, 0.5, 0.75 i 1 %. Eksperimenti su izvedeni u skladišnim objektima mlina i objektima za skladištenje semenskog i sadnog materijala. Atraktantno delovanje ispitivanih koncentracija etarskih ulja cimeta i karanfilića u odnosu na placebo mamac bilo je statistički značajno od početka pa do sedmog dana eksperimenta. Sedmog dana, u objektima mlina, prosečna konzumacija mamaca sa sadržajem etarskog ulja cimeta u koncentracijama od 0.75 % i 1 % bila je do 46 %, odnosno 35.5 % viša u odnosu na placebo mamac. Četrnaestog dana nije zabeležena statistički značajna razlika u konzumaciji ponuđenih mamaca u objektima mlina. U skladišnim objektima semenskog i sadnog materijala, zabeležena je statistički značajna razlika u konzumaciji ispitivanih mamaca. Prosečna konzumacija mamaka sa sadržajem od 0.75 % i 1 % etarskog ulja cimeta, četrnaestog dana od početka eksperimenta bila je za 47 %, odnosno 51 % viša u odnosu na placebo mamac. U odnosu na druge ispitivane mamce, mamci sa sadržajem etarskog ulja cimeta u koncentracijama od 0.75 % i 1 % ispoljili su atraktantnije delovanje u odnosu na druge mamce i međusobno se nisu statistički značajno razlikovali.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá obsahem polyfenolových látek ve vybraných vzorcích superpotravin. Dále byl studován i vztah mezi obsahem polyfenolových látek a antioxidační aktivitou. V teoretické části jsou uvedeny charakteristiky superpotravin, jejich účinky na lidské zdraví, dále principy kapalinové chromatografiea extrakčních metod. V experimentální části byly polyfenolové látky identifikovány a kvantifikovány pomocí HPLC s detektorem CoulArray. Dále byl stanoven celkový obsah polyfenolových látek metodou dle Folin-Ciocalteua. Antioxidační aktivita byla stanovena pomocí metod DPPH a ABTS. V závěru práce jsou získané výsledky diskutovány a jednotlivé superpotraviny jsou porovnány s publikovanou literaturou i mezi sebou na základě jejich antioxidační aktivity a obsahu polyfenolových látek., This diploma thesis deals with the content of polyphenols in selected samples of superfoods. The relation between the content of polyphenols and the antioxidant activity was also studied. The theoretical part is focused on the characteristics of superfoods, their effects on human health, further the principle of liquid chromatography and extraction methods. In the experimental section, polyphenols were identified and quantified by HPLC with CoulArray detector. In addition, the total amount of polyphenols was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH and ABTS methods. In the end of the thesis the results are discussed and the individual superfoods are compared with published literature and among each other on the basis of their antioxidant activity and the content of polyphenols., Fakulta chemicko-technologická, Studentka úspěšně obhájila diplomovou práci a zodpověděla otázky komise.

A cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus have become known as the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). In the United Arab Emirates, 42% of the population was diagnosed with MetS. Previous researchers observed the anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiantitumorigenic properties of spices on body composition, blood parameters and blood pressure. The aim of the study was to assess the macronutrient, micronutrient, sugar and caffeine content for seven commonly consumed spices. Moreover, the aim of the study was to measure the effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale), cinnamon (Cinnamomum) and black seed (Nigella sativa) consumption on blood glucose, lipid profile and body composition in participants at risk of cardiovascular diseases. Seven spices were analyzed to investigate their proximate content, minerals, vitamins, sugars and caffeine. One hundred and twenty (N=120) participants with risk of cardiovascular diseases were randomly allocated to three treatment arms (ginger, cinnamon and black seed) and a control group (placebo) for a period of 12-weeks. Each participant consumed 3 g/day of powder (spice or placebo). Data related to different parameters were collected from participants at baseline, midpoint and at endpoint of the intervention. Analysis of the chemical composition of spices showed that the spices had considerable amount of macronutrients (especially oils) and micronutrients. Therefore, spices’ active compounds could be used in nutritional supplements and for treatments considering their decent source of valuable nutrients. Furthermore, consumption of spices powder significantly improved waist circumference, body fat mass, weight, body mass index, percent body fat, fasting blood glucose and triglycerides when compared to placebo group (P ≤ 0.05). Ingestion of 3 grams per day for 12 weeks of spices powder showed significant improvement in body compos

Antifungal activity of two essential oils, cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry), was evaluated against Cladobotryum dendroides (Bull.) W. Gams & Hooz, and Lecanicillium fungicola var. fungicola (Preuss) Hasebrauk, the causal agents of cobweb and dry bubble disease of cultivated mushroom. Inhibitory and fungicidal activity of the selected essential oils was assayed using three methods: microdilution, macrodilution fumigant and macrodilution contact method. Comparing all three methods, clove essential oil showed stronger activity than cinnamon against both fungi, having minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at the lowest concentrations tested (1.56, 0.02 and 0.1 µl ml-1, respectively). However, cinnamon oil was more toxic to L. fungicola var. fungicola then to C. dendroides in all three methods. Both oils exhibited stronger antifungal effects when used in the macrodilution fumigant than in contact method. The results showed that both cinnamon and clove essential oils have the potential for further in vivo experiments against L. fungicola var. fungicola and C. dendroides and indicated a possible use of these oils in integrated disease management in mushrooms., Ispitana je antifungalna aktivnost etarskih ulja cimeta i karanfilića prema Cladobotryum dendroides (Bull.) W. Gams & Hooz, i Lecanicillium fungicola var. fungicola (Preuss) Hasebrauk, prouzrokovačima paučinaste plesni i suve truleži šampinjona. Antifungalna aktivnost odabranih etarskih ulja testirana je primenom tri različite metode: mikrodilucione, makrodilucione fumigantne i makrodilucione kontaktne metode. Etarsko ulje karanfilića je ispoljilo jači efekat od ulja cimeta na obe gljive primenom sve tri metode, sa minimalnim inhibitornim koncentrecijama pri najnižim testiranim koncentracijama (1,56, 0,02 i 0,1 µl ml-1). Ulje cimeta je pokazalo veću toksičnost prema L. fungicola var. fungicola nego prema C. dendroides. Ispitivana etarska ulja ispoljila su jače antifungalno dejstvo primenjena fumigantno nego kontaktno u makrodilucionoj metodi. Antifungalno delovanje etarskih ulja cimeta i karanfilića in vitro, ukazuje na potencijal za dalja ispitivanja njihove efikasnosti in vivo, kao i mogućnosti uključivanja ovih etarskih ulja u integralnu zaštitu jestivih gljiva od bolesti prouzrokovanih mikopatogenim gljivama L. fungicola var. fungicola i C. dendroides.

The antiseptic action of a liquid soap was evaluated using as essential oils of Eugeniacaryophyllata T. (clove) and Cinnamomum verum J. (cinnamon). Is formulated andproduced soaps liquids using as active oils essential to concentrations of 1.5% and 2%,subsequently is evaluated parameters physicochemical, sensory, as well as also microbiologicalon strains bacterial of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcusaureus ATCC 25923. Finding is that the formulations suitable are those in whichthem oils essential of clove and cinnamon is found to concentrations of the 2%, sincepresent activity against them strains bacterial in question and best stability physicochemical;being chosen among the evaluators of the organoleptic properties liquidsoap prepared with essential oil of cinnamon as the favorite on the nail, by presentingbetter aroma and appearance. Concluding that the antiseptic liquid soaps from 2% ofessential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata T. and Cinnamomum verum J. presented promisingresults; also, all the indicators physicochemical and chemical evaluated werekept, which gives us an indication of the correct formulation from the pharmaceuticalpoint of view., Se evaluó la acción antiséptica de un jabón líquido utilizando como activo aceitesesenciales de Eugenia caryophyllata T. (clavo de olor) y Cinnamomum verum J.(canela). Se formularon y elaboraron jabones líquidos usando como activo aceitesesenciales a concentraciones de 1,5% y 2%, posteriormente se evaluaron parámetrosfisicoquímicos, sensoriales, así como también microbiológicos sobre cepas bacterianasde Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 y Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Se encontróque las formulaciones idóneas son aquellas en las que los aceites esenciales de clavo ycanela se encuentran a concentraciones del 2%, puesto que presentan actividad contralas cepas bacterianas en cuestión y mejor estabilidad fisicoquímica; siendo elegidoentre los evaluadores de las propiedades organolépticas el jabón líquido preparadocon aceite esencial de canela como el favorito con respecto al de clavo, por presentar mejor aroma y aspecto. Se concluye que los jabones líquidos antisépticos a partir de 2%de aceite esencial de Eugenia caryophyllata T. y Cinnamomum verum J. presentaronresultados promisorios; igualmente, todos los indicadores fisicoquímicos y químicosevaluados se mantuvieron, lo que nos brinda un indicio de la correcta formulacióndesde el punto de vista galénic.

The concept of ethical value chains emerged as a response to conventional trade that has put a strain on small producers in the resource periphery. The alternative chains are said to allow trade to be carried out in fairer terms and for the benefits to be distributed to all actors in the value chains. This concept however, has not been widely used in the global spice industry. This research aims to investigate the nature and evolution of ethical value chains of an Indonesian cinnamon commodity. As part of the resource periphery, Indonesia is the leading producer of cinnamon, with 66% of the world’s cinnamon supply coming from this country. The cinnamon industry itself has long been an important source of income for the people of Kerinci, the largest cinnamon producing area in Indonesia. Using a qualitative case study, this research examined TAKTIK, a farmers’ group in Kerinci, which is known to have been implementing some form of ethical practices in their value chains. The study found that ethical practices occurred as a result of a value chains intervention programme conducted by an International NGO and a local NGO. Ethical value chains were adopted through the establishment of a farmers’ organisation, adoption of organic farming and certification, and Geographical Indications registration. This study finds that the factors that prompted the adoption of the ethical practices varied among value chain actors. However, there was a common goal of improving the livelihood of farmers and realising more equitable commodity trade. This research enriches the global literature on ethical value chains, particularly on spice commodity and the benefits of adoption for value chain actors.

The chemical composition of seven Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume essential oils traded as spices and medicinal items has been determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Eighty-two compounds accounting for 95.39-99.03% of the total essential oil were identified. Qualitative and quantitative differences were found in the essential oils obtained from dried and powdered cinnamon bark purchased at supermarkets and cinnamon leaf essential oil from a pharmacy. The aromatic compound E-cinnamaldehyde (67.84±3.15%; 67.16±5.05%) was the principal component of the essential oil in commercial cinnamon bark employed as a spice; whereas eugenol was the main compound (81.51±0.21%), in commercial cinnamon leaf essential oil for medicinal purposes. The qualitative and quantitative differences in the analyzed essential oils can affect the organoleptic properties, mainly the spice’s flavor as well as the pharmacological properties of the cinnamon (bark and leaf) essential oils., Se ha determinado la composición química de siete aceites esenciales de Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume comercializados como especias y con fines medicinales, mediante cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas. Se identificaron un total de ochenta y dos compuestos que representaron entre 95,39-99,03% de la composición total del mismo. Se observaron diferencias tanto cualitativas como cuantitativas entre los aceites esenciales obtenidos de corteza seca y pulverizada de canela de venta en supermercados de alimentación y el aceite esencial de canela procedente de una farmacia. El compuesto aromático E-cinamaldehído (67,84±3,15%; 67,16±5,05%), fue el principal componente de la corteza de canela utilizada como especia, mientras que eugenol (81,51±0,21%) fue el compuesto mayoritario del aceite esencial de hoja de canela con fines medicinales. Las diferencias cualitativas y cuantitativas encontradas en la composición de los aceites esenciales analizados, pueden afectar tanto a las propiedades organolépticas, fundamentalmente al aroma de las especias, como a las propiedades farmacológicas de los aceites esenciales (corteza y hoja) de canela.