Search

[Background] Tunneled catheter-related bacteremia represents one of the major complications in patients on hemodialysis, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of tunneled catheter-related bacteremia and, secondly, to identify possible factors involved in the first episode of bacteremia., [Methods] This is a retrospective study of all tunneled catheters inserted between 1 January, 2005 and 31 December, 2019. Data on patients with a tunneled catheter were analyzed for comorbidities, catheter characteristics, microbiological culture results and variables related to the first episode of bacteremia. Patient outcomes were also assessed., [Results] In the 14-year period under study, 406 tunneled catheters were implanted in 325 patients. A total of 85 cases of tunneled catheter-related bacteremia were diagnosed, resulting in an incidence of 0.40 per 1000 catheter days (81.1% after 6 months of implantation). The predominant microorganisms isolated were Gram-positive organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis (48.4%); Staphylococcus aureus (28.0%). We found no significant differences in time to catheter removal for infections or non-infection-related reasons. The jugular vein, the Palindrome® catheter, and being the first vascular access were protective factors for the first episode of bacteremia. The 30-day mortality rate from the first tunneled catheter-related bacteremia was 8.7%., [Conclusions] The incidence of bacteremia in our study was low and did not seem to have a relevant impact on catheter survival. S. epidermidis was the most frequently isolated microorganism, followed by S. aureus. We identified Palindrome® catheter, jugular vein, and being the first vascular access as significant protective factors against tunneled catheter-related bacteremia.

Background Tunneled catheter-related bacteremia represents one of the major complications in patients on hemodialysis, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of tunneled catheterrelated bacteremia and, secondly, to identify possible factors involved in the first episode of bacteremia. Methods This is a retrospective study of all tunneled catheters inserted between 1 January, 2005 and 31 December, 2019. Data on patients with a tunneled catheter were analyzed for comorbidities, catheter characteristics, microbiological culture results and variables related to the first episode of bacteremia. Patient outcomes were also assessed. Results In the 14-year period under study, 406 tunneled catheters were implanted in 325 patients. A total of 85 cases of tunneled catheter-related bacteremia were diagnosed, resulting in an incidence of 0.40 per 1000 catheter days (81.1% after 6 months of implantation). The predominant microorganisms isolated were Gram-positive organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis (48.4%); Staphylococcus aureus (28.0%). We found no significant differences in time to catheter removal for infections or non-infection-related reasons. The jugular vein, the Palindrome® catheter, and being the first vascular access were protective factors for the first episode of bacteremia. The 30-day mortality rate from the first tunneled catheter-related bacteremia was 8.7%. Conclusions The incidence of bacteremia in our study was low and did not seem to have a relevant impact on catheter survival. S. epidermidis was the most frequently isolated microorganism, followed by S. aureus. We identified Palindrome® catheter, jugular vein, and being the first vascular access as significant protective factors against tunneled catheter-related bacteremia.

Background Tunneled catheter-related bacteremia represents one of the major complications in patients on hemodialysis, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of tunneled catheterrelated bacteremia and, secondly, to identify possible factors involved in the first episode of bacteremia. Methods This is a retrospective study of all tunneled catheters inserted between 1 January, 2005 and 31 December, 2019. Data on patients with a tunneled catheter were analyzed for comorbidities, catheter characteristics, microbiological culture results and variables related to the first episode of bacteremia. Patient outcomes were also assessed. Results In the 14-year period under study, 406 tunneled catheters were implanted in 325 patients. A total of 85 cases of tunneled catheter-related bacteremia were diagnosed, resulting in an incidence of 0.40 per 1000 catheter days (81.1% after 6 months of implantation). The predominant microorganisms isolated were Gram-positive organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis (48.4%); Staphylococcus aureus (28.0%). We found no significant differences in time to catheter removal for infections or non-infection-related reasons. The jugular vein, the Palindrome® catheter, and being the first vascular access were protective factors for the first episode of bacteremia. The 30-day mortality rate from the first tunneled catheter-related bacteremia was 8.7%. Conclusions The incidence of bacteremia in our study was low and did not seem to have a relevant impact on catheter survival. S. epidermidis was the most frequently isolated microorganism, followed by S. aureus. We identified Palindrome® catheter, jugular vein, and being the first vascular access as significant protective factors against tunneled catheter-related bacteremia.

Background Tunneled catheter-related bacteremia represents one of the major complications in patients on hemodialysis, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of tunneled catheterrelated bacteremia and, secondly, to identify possible factors involved in the first episode of bacteremia. Methods This is a retrospective study of all tunneled catheters inserted between 1 January, 2005 and 31 December, 2019. Data on patients with a tunneled catheter were analyzed for comorbidities, catheter characteristics, microbiological culture results and variables related to the first episode of bacteremia. Patient outcomes were also assessed. Results In the 14-year period under study, 406 tunneled catheters were implanted in 325 patients. A total of 85 cases of tunneled catheter-related bacteremia were diagnosed, resulting in an incidence of 0.40 per 1000 catheter days (81.1% after 6 months of implantation). The predominant microorganisms isolated were Gram-positive organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis (48.4%); Staphylococcus aureus (28.0%). We found no significant differences in time to catheter removal for infections or non-infection-related reasons. The jugular vein, the Palindrome® catheter, and being the first vascular access were protective factors for the first episode of bacteremia. The 30-day mortality rate from the first tunneled catheter-related bacteremia was 8.7%. Conclusions The incidence of bacteremia in our study was low and did not seem to have a relevant impact on catheter survival. S. epidermidis was the most frequently isolated microorganism, followed by S. aureus. We identified Palindrome® catheter, jugular vein, and being the first vascular access as significant protective factors against tunneled catheter-related bacteremia.

The treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (SABSI) remains a major challenge. With an emphasis on complicated methicillin–sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), a comprehensive analysis of initial antibiotic treatment was conducted. The influence of treatment gaps on clinical outcomes were examined. Strategies were developed to improve the use of available antibiotics. Patient- and infection-related variables predictive for end-of-treatment failure included higher Charlson Comorbidity Index and healthcare-associated infection. Treatment variables of shorter duration of optimal targeted, shorter duration of optimal or adequate and lower TSE score were also predictive for end-of-treatment failure when tested separately in their own models. Strategies to optimize the treatment of complicated MSSA BSI at minimum should include: 1) Initiating at least an adequate therapy within 24 hours following the index blood culture draw and 2) Maintaining uninterrupted treatment, especially during the initial 7 days including at least 4 days of cloxacillin or cefazolin.

The treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (SABSI) remains a major challenge. With an emphasis on complicated methicillin–sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), a comprehensive analysis of initial antibiotic treatment was conducted. The influence of treatment gaps on clinical outcomes were examined. Strategies were developed to improve the use of available antibiotics. Patient- and infection-related variables predictive for end-of-treatment failure included higher Charlson Comorbidity Index and healthcare-associated infection. Treatment variables of shorter duration of optimal targeted, shorter duration of optimal or adequate and lower TSE score were also predictive for end-of-treatment failure when tested separately in their own models. Strategies to optimize the treatment of complicated MSSA BSI at minimum should include: 1) Initiating at least an adequate therapy within 24 hours following the index blood culture draw and 2) Maintaining uninterrupted treatment, especially during the initial 7 days including at least 4 days of cloxacillin or cefazolin.

Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBI) represent a frequent complication of immune-compromised hosts with a high mortality rate. In this setting, opportunistic pathogens can create a biofilm on implanted devices, being the source of infection. We provide a mini-review of the literature, starting from the description of two cases of CRBI by opportunistic pathogens in poly-morbid patients, successfully treated by antibiotic lock-therapy.

The treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (SABSI) remains a major challenge. With an emphasis on complicated methicillin–sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), a comprehensive analysis of initial antibiotic treatment was conducted. The influence of treatment gaps on clinical outcomes were examined. Strategies were developed to improve the use of available antibiotics. Patient- and infection-related variables predictive for end-of-treatment failure included higher Charlson Comorbidity Index and healthcare-associated infection. Treatment variables of shorter duration of optimal targeted, shorter duration of optimal or adequate and lower TSE score were also predictive for end-of-treatment failure when tested separately in their own models. Strategies to optimize the treatment of complicated MSSA BSI at minimum should include: 1) Initiating at least an adequate therapy within 24 hours following the index blood culture draw and 2) Maintaining uninterrupted treatment, especially during the initial 7 days including at least 4 days of cloxacillin or cefazolin.

The treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (SABSI) remains a major challenge. With an emphasis on complicated methicillin–sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), a comprehensive analysis of initial antibiotic treatment was conducted. The influence of treatment gaps on clinical outcomes were examined. Strategies were developed to improve the use of available antibiotics. Patient- and infection-related variables predictive for end-of-treatment failure included higher Charlson Comorbidity Index and healthcare-associated infection. Treatment variables of shorter duration of optimal targeted, shorter duration of optimal or adequate and lower TSE score were also predictive for end-of-treatment failure when tested separately in their own models. Strategies to optimize the treatment of complicated MSSA BSI at minimum should include: 1) Initiating at least an adequate therapy within 24 hours following the index blood culture draw and 2) Maintaining uninterrupted treatment, especially during the initial 7 days including at least 4 days of cloxacillin or cefazolin.

Tématem této diplomové práce je analýza a modelování elektrofyziologického principu srdeční činnosti a pulzního modelu krevního oběhu. Práce je teoreticko-aplikačního charakteru. V teoretické části je objasněna stavba a činnost kardiovaskulárního systému. Zároveň je zde teoreticky popsán matematický model, který byl vytvořen v programu Matlab, v části Simulink. Praktická část obsahuje vytvoření pulzního modelu krevního oběhu v programu Simulink a jeho ovládání pomocí grafického rozhranní GUI. Aplikační část obsahuje také dvě laboratorní úlohy na toto téma, vytvořené pro studenty prvních a čtvrtých ročníků vysoké školy., The topic of this thesis is the analysis and modelling of electrophysiological principle of heart activity and of a pulse model of bloodstream. The thesis has theoretical and application character. In the theoretical part, the structure and activity of the cardiovascular system are explained. At the same time, a mathematical model is described theoreticallyhere, which was created in the programme Matlab, in in the part of Simulink. The practical part contains creation of a pulse model of bloodstream in the programme of Simulink and its operating using a graphical interface GUI. Application part also includes two laboratory assignments on this topic, created for the students of the first and fourth years of university., Ve zpracování, Import 05/08/2014

We compared the clinical performances of the BacT/Alert Plus (bioMérieux) and Bactec Plus (Becton Dickinson) aerobic and anaerobic blood culture (BC) media with adsorbent polymeric beads. Patients ≥ 16 years old with suspected bloodstream infections (BSIs) were enrolled in intensive care units and infectious disease wards. A single 40-ml blood sample was collected from each and used to inoculate (10 ml/bottle) one set of BacT/Alert Plus cultures and one set of Bactec Plus cultures, each set consisting of one aerobic and one anaerobic bottle. Cultures were incubated ≤ 5 days in the BacT/Alert 3D and Bactec FX instruments, respectively. A total of 128 unique BSI episodes were identified based on the recovery of clinically significant growth in 212 aerobic cultures (106 BacT/Alert and 106 Bactec) and 151 anaerobic cultures (82 BacT/Alert and 69 Bactec). The BacT/Alert aerobic medium had higher recovery rates for Gram-positive cocci (P = 0.024), whereas the Bactec aerobic medium was superior for recovery of Gram-negative bacilli (P = 0.006). BacT/Alert anaerobic medium recovery rates exceeded those of the Bactec anaerobic medium for total organisms (P = 0.003), Gram-positive cocci (P = 0.013), and Escherichia coli (P = 0.030). In terms of capacity for diagnosing the 128 septic episodes, the BacT/Alert and Bactec sets were comparable, although the former sets diagnosed more BSIs caused by Gram-positive cocci (P = 0.008). They also allowed earlier identification of coagulase-negative staphylococcal growth (mean, 2.8 h; P = 0.003) and growth in samples from patients not on antimicrobial therapy that yielded positive results (mean, 1.3 h; P < 0.001). Similarly high percentages of microorganisms in BacT/Alert and Bactec cultures (93.8% and 93.3%, respectively) were identified by direct matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry assay of BC broths. The BacT/Alert Plus media line appears to be a reliable, timesaving tool for routine detection

This report aims, through interviews, observations and literature review to examine what some of the youngest children know about the heart, blood and bloodstream. The sample size was twenty children, half of them are at the age of three and the other half is at the age of six. The interviews showed that children at the age of six had better knowledge than children at the age of three, but one child knew that we have the blood corpuscle in the body. He was also the only one who mentioned the blood corpuscle of all children who participated in the research. Children at the age of three could not see the functional relationship between the blood and heart. One child who was six years told that the air we breathe goes directly in the heart from where the blood is circulating to the rest of the body, together with the food. Keywords: heart, blood, bloodstream, the body, Sammanfattning Uppsatsens syfte är att genom intervjuer, observationer och litteraturstudie undersöka vad några av de yngsta barnen vet om hjärtat, blodet och blodomloppet. Undersökningen gäller tjugo barn, hälften av dem är i treårsålder och den andra hälften är i sexårsåldern. Intervjuerna visade att sexåringar hade i stort sett bättre kunskaper än treåringar men en av treåringar visste att vi har blodkroppar i kroppen. Han var också den enda som nämnde blodkroppar av alla barn som deltog i undersökningen. Treåringar kunde inte se det funktionella sambandet mellan blodet och hjärtat. En av sexåringarna berättade att luften vi andas in hamnar direkt i hjärtat där den blir blod som cirkulerar vidare till resten av kroppen, tillsammans med maten. Nyckelord: hjärta, blod, blodomlopp, kroppen

For haemodialysis patients there is always a risk of a blockage of the access to the bloodstream. Periodical measuring of the blood flow can timely signal an imminent blockage, upon which a dotter procedure can prevent complete blockage. This strategy is already successfully applied at the MUMC+, although the available scientific literature does not confirm this success yet. The described strategy could possibly be improved by increasing the measuring frequency by means of using innovative, in the dialysis equipment integrated techniques. Two techniques were studied: one of these turned out comparable to the present golden standard measuring method with regard to reliability.

For haemodialysis patients there is always a risk of a blockage of the access to the bloodstream. Periodical measuring of the blood flow can timely signal an imminent blockage, upon which a dotter procedure can prevent complete blockage. This strategy is already successfully applied at the MUMC+, although the available scientific literature does not confirm this success yet. The described strategy could possibly be improved by increasing the measuring frequency by means of using innovative, in the dialysis equipment integrated techniques. Two techniques were studied: one of these turned out comparable to the present golden standard measuring method with regard to reliability.

This report aims, through interviews, observations and literature review to examine what some of the youngest children know about the heart, blood and bloodstream. The sample size was twenty children, half of them are at the age of three and the other half is at the age of six. The interviews showed that children at the age of six had better knowledge than children at the age of three, but one child knew that we have the blood corpuscle in the body. He was also the only one who mentioned the blood corpuscle of all children who participated in the research. Children at the age of three could not see the functional relationship between the blood and heart. One child who was six years told that the air we breathe goes directly in the heart from where the blood is circulating to the rest of the body, together with the food. Keywords: heart, blood, bloodstream, the body, Sammanfattning Uppsatsens syfte är att genom intervjuer, observationer och litteraturstudie undersöka vad några av de yngsta barnen vet om hjärtat, blodet och blodomloppet. Undersökningen gäller tjugo barn, hälften av dem är i treårsålder och den andra hälften är i sexårsåldern. Intervjuerna visade att sexåringar hade i stort sett bättre kunskaper än treåringar men en av treåringar visste att vi har blodkroppar i kroppen. Han var också den enda som nämnde blodkroppar av alla barn som deltog i undersökningen. Treåringar kunde inte se det funktionella sambandet mellan blodet och hjärtat. En av sexåringarna berättade att luften vi andas in hamnar direkt i hjärtat där den blir blod som cirkulerar vidare till resten av kroppen, tillsammans med maten. Nyckelord: hjärta, blod, blodomlopp, kroppen

Extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains of Escherichia coli are a significant cause of bloodstream infections (BSI) in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients. We previously showed that delaying effective antimicrobial therapy in BSI caused by ESBL producers significantly increases mortality. The aim of this retrospective 7-year analysis was to identify risk factors for inadequate initial antimicrobial therapy (IIAT) (i.e., empirical treatment based on a drug to which the isolate had displayed in vitro resistance) for inpatients with BSI caused by ESBL-producing E. coli. Of the 129 patients considered, 56 (43.4%) received IIAT for 48 to 120 h (mean, 72 h). Independent risk factors for IIAT include an unknown BSI source (odds ratios [OR], 4.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.98 to 11.91; P = 0.001), isolate coresistance to >or=3 antimicrobials (OR, 3.73; 95% CI, 1.58 to 8.83; P = 0.003), hospitalization during the 12 months preceding BSI onset (OR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.42 to 7.79; P = 0.005), and antimicrobial therapy during the 3 months preceding BSI onset (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.11 to 6.29; P = 0.02). IIAT was the strongest risk factor for 21-day mortality and significantly increased the length of hospitalization after BSI onset. Our results underscore the need for a systematic approach to the management of patients with serious infections by ESBL-producing E. coli. Such an approach should be based on sound, updated knowledge of local infectious-disease epidemiology, detailed analysis of the patient's history with emphasis on recent contact with the health care system, and aggressive attempts to identify the infectious focus that has given rise to the BSI.

Bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms markedly increase the rates of treatment failure and death. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis to identify risk factors for mortality in adult in-patients with BSI caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-BSI). Particular attention was focused on defining the impact on the mortality of inadequate initial antimicrobial therapy (defined as the initiation of treatment with active antimicrobial agents >72 h after collection of the first positive blood culture). A total of 186 patients with ESBL-BSI caused by Escherichia coli (n = 104), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 58), or Proteus mirabilis (n = 24) were identified by our microbiology laboratory from 1 January 1999 through 31 December 2004. The overall 21-day mortality rate was 38.2% (71 of 186). In multivariate analysis, significant predictors of mortality were inadequate initial antimicrobial therapy (odds ratio [OR] = 6.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.18 to 12.42; P < 0.001) and unidentified primary infection site (OR = 2.69; 95% CI = 1.38 to 5.27; P = 0.004). The inadequately treated patients (89 of 186 [47.8%]) had a threefold increase in mortality compared to the adequately treated group (59.5% versus 18.5%; OR = 2.38; 95% CI = 1.76 to 3.22; P < 0.001). The regimens most commonly classified as inadequate were based on oxyimino cephalosporin or fluoroquinolone therapy. Prompt initiation of effective antimicrobial treatment is essential in patients with ESBL-BSI, and empirical decisions must be based on a sound knowledge of the local distribution of pathogens and their susceptibility patterns.

Objectives: To define the relative incidence of organisms causing blood stream infections in a tropical setting with a very low prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection (>1%). Methods: A 12-month prospective study of blood stream infections in 2000 at Royal Darwin Hospital in the tropical north of Australia. Results: Significant isolates were grown from 257 sets of blood cultures. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate overall (28%); 26% of these were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Escherichia coli was the most common cause of community-acquired bacteraemia. Burkholderia pseudomallei caused 32% of community acquired, bacteraemic pneumonia; 6% of bacteraemias overall. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci were not isolated. Crude mortality rates (13% overall; 9% attributable mortality) were lower than in most comparable studies. Conclusions: The major difference between these findings and surveys performed elsewhere is the presence of B. pseudomallei as a significant cause of bacteraemic community-acquired pneumonia. Our results demonstrate the effects of local environmental and patient characteristics on the range of organisms causing blood stream infections, and emphasize the important role of local microbiology laboratories in guiding empiric antibiotic therapy

Tato bakalářská práce popisuje přilnavost buněk, označených železitými nanočásticemi, ke stěně kapiláry, na kterou působí magnetická síla. Nejprve popisuje krevní řečiště a rychlost protékající krve. Dále se věnuje obecné charakteristice nanočástic využitelných v medicíně, popisu využitých mikroskopů a v poslední řadě metodám správné kultivace buněk in vitro. Praktická část pak testuje přilnavost buněk při různých rychlostech v různě velkých kapilárách za pomocí magnetických sil., This bacalor thesis describes the adhesion of cells marked with iron nanoparticles to the capillary wall which is exposed to magnetic force. First, it characterize the bloodstream and speed of flowing blood. It also discusses the general characteristic of the nanoparticles useful in medicine, description of used microscopes and lastly proper methods of cultivation cells in vitro. The practical part tests the adhesion of the cells at different speeds, in different sized capillaries using magnetic forces.

Tato bakalářská práce popisuje přilnavost buněk, označených železitými nanočásticemi, ke stěně kapiláry, na kterou působí magnetická síla. Nejprve popisuje krevní řečiště a rychlost protékající krve. Dále se věnuje obecné charakteristice nanočástic využitelných v medicíně, popisu využitých mikroskopů a v poslední řadě metodám správné kultivace buněk in vitro. Praktická část pak testuje přilnavost buněk při různých rychlostech v různě velkých kapilárách za pomocí magnetických sil., This bacalor thesis describes the adhesion of cells marked with iron nanoparticles to the capillary wall which is exposed to magnetic force. First, it characterize the bloodstream and speed of flowing blood. It also discusses the general characteristic of the nanoparticles useful in medicine, description of used microscopes and lastly proper methods of cultivation cells in vitro. The practical part tests the adhesion of the cells at different speeds, in different sized capillaries using magnetic forces.

Biometrie jako oblast IT v poslední době nabývá na popularitě a různé biometrické metody se stávají běžnou součástí lidského života. Tato práce čtenáře v první řadě seznamuje s~biometrií jako takovou a detailněji se věnuje využití krevního řečiště v tomto oboru. Jedinečnost cevního stromu u každého člověka a také další pozitiva této metody jsou důvodem, proč je tato biologická charakteristika vhodná pro užití v biometrii. Je popsáno, jakým způsobem dochází zachycení této biometrické charakteristiky a následně jsou navrženy metody zpracování vstupních obrazů, pomocí kterých se získávají biometrická data, se kterými se pracuje. Tyto navržené metody byly implementovány a ta je také v tomto textu popsána. V poslední části dochází k testování těchto metod, popisu jejich funkčnosti a efektivity., Biometrics as a part of computer technology are recently rising in popularity and various biometric methods are becoming a part of everyday human life. This work in the first place informs the reader on the basics of biometrics in computer technology and further continues to discuss the use of veins in this area as veins are for their uniqueness considered as an ideal human physiological trait for use in biometrics. It is described in what manner is this biometric characteristic being captured. Further more the work describes some image processing methods for extracting biometric data from the input images that are later used. These methods were also implemented and the details of this implementation are to be found later in the text. In the last part the suggested methods of blood vessel detection are tested and the results evaluated.

Biometrie jako oblast IT v poslední době nabývá na popularitě a různé biometrické metody se stávají běžnou součástí lidského života. Tato práce čtenáře v první řadě seznamuje s~biometrií jako takovou a detailněji se věnuje využití krevního řečiště v tomto oboru. Jedinečnost cevního stromu u každého člověka a také další pozitiva této metody jsou důvodem, proč je tato biologická charakteristika vhodná pro užití v biometrii. Je popsáno, jakým způsobem dochází zachycení této biometrické charakteristiky a následně jsou navrženy metody zpracování vstupních obrazů, pomocí kterých se získávají biometrická data, se kterými se pracuje. Tyto navržené metody byly implementovány a ta je také v tomto textu popsána. V poslední části dochází k testování těchto metod, popisu jejich funkčnosti a efektivity., Biometrics as a part of computer technology are recently rising in popularity and various biometric methods are becoming a part of everyday human life. This work in the first place informs the reader on the basics of biometrics in computer technology and further continues to discuss the use of veins in this area as veins are for their uniqueness considered as an ideal human physiological trait for use in biometrics. It is described in what manner is this biometric characteristic being captured. Further more the work describes some image processing methods for extracting biometric data from the input images that are later used. These methods were also implemented and the details of this implementation are to be found later in the text. In the last part the suggested methods of blood vessel detection are tested and the results evaluated.

Biometrie jako oblast IT v poslední době nabývá na popularitě a různé biometrické metody se stávají běžnou součástí lidského života. Tato práce čtenáře v první řadě seznamuje s~biometrií jako takovou a detailněji se věnuje využití krevního řečiště v tomto oboru. Jedinečnost cevního stromu u každého člověka a také další pozitiva této metody jsou důvodem, proč je tato biologická charakteristika vhodná pro užití v biometrii. Je popsáno, jakým způsobem dochází zachycení této biometrické charakteristiky a následně jsou navrženy metody zpracování vstupních obrazů, pomocí kterých se získávají biometrická data, se kterými se pracuje. Tyto navržené metody byly implementovány a ta je také v tomto textu popsána. V poslední části dochází k testování těchto metod, popisu jejich funkčnosti a efektivity., Biometrics as a part of computer technology are recently rising in popularity and various biometric methods are becoming a part of everyday human life. This work in the first place informs the reader on the basics of biometrics in computer technology and further continues to discuss the use of veins in this area as veins are for their uniqueness considered as an ideal human physiological trait for use in biometrics. It is described in what manner is this biometric characteristic being captured. Further more the work describes some image processing methods for extracting biometric data from the input images that are later used. These methods were also implemented and the details of this implementation are to be found later in the text. In the last part the suggested methods of blood vessel detection are tested and the results evaluated.

Tato bakalářská práce popisuje přilnavost buněk, označených železitými nanočásticemi, ke stěně kapiláry, na kterou působí magnetická síla. Nejprve popisuje krevní řečiště a rychlost protékající krve. Dále se věnuje obecné charakteristice nanočástic využitelných v medicíně, popisu využitých mikroskopů a v poslední řadě metodám správné kultivace buněk in vitro. Praktická část pak testuje přilnavost buněk při různých rychlostech v různě velkých kapilárách za pomocí magnetických sil., This bacalor thesis describes the adhesion of cells marked with iron nanoparticles to the capillary wall which is exposed to magnetic force. First, it characterize the bloodstream and speed of flowing blood. It also discusses the general characteristic of the nanoparticles useful in medicine, description of used microscopes and lastly proper methods of cultivation cells in vitro. The practical part tests the adhesion of the cells at different speeds, in different sized capillaries using magnetic forces.

Tato bakalářská práce popisuje přilnavost buněk, označených železitými nanočásticemi, ke stěně kapiláry, na kterou působí magnetická síla. Nejprve popisuje krevní řečiště a rychlost protékající krve. Dále se věnuje obecné charakteristice nanočástic využitelných v medicíně, popisu využitých mikroskopů a v poslední řadě metodám správné kultivace buněk in vitro. Praktická část pak testuje přilnavost buněk při různých rychlostech v různě velkých kapilárách za pomocí magnetických sil., This bacalor thesis describes the adhesion of cells marked with iron nanoparticles to the capillary wall which is exposed to magnetic force. First, it characterize the bloodstream and speed of flowing blood. It also discusses the general characteristic of the nanoparticles useful in medicine, description of used microscopes and lastly proper methods of cultivation cells in vitro. The practical part tests the adhesion of the cells at different speeds, in different sized capillaries using magnetic forces.

Tato bakalářská práce popisuje přilnavost buněk, označených železitými nanočásticemi, ke stěně kapiláry, na kterou působí magnetická síla. Nejprve popisuje krevní řečiště a rychlost protékající krve. Dále se věnuje obecné charakteristice nanočástic využitelných v medicíně, popisu využitých mikroskopů a v poslední řadě metodám správné kultivace buněk in vitro. Praktická část pak testuje přilnavost buněk při různých rychlostech v různě velkých kapilárách za pomocí magnetických sil., This bacalor thesis describes the adhesion of cells marked with iron nanoparticles to the capillary wall which is exposed to magnetic force. First, it characterize the bloodstream and speed of flowing blood. It also discusses the general characteristic of the nanoparticles useful in medicine, description of used microscopes and lastly proper methods of cultivation cells in vitro. The practical part tests the adhesion of the cells at different speeds, in different sized capillaries using magnetic forces.

Biometrie jako oblast IT v poslední době nabývá na popularitě a různé biometrické metody se stávají běžnou součástí lidského života. Tato práce čtenáře v první řadě seznamuje s~biometrií jako takovou a detailněji se věnuje využití krevního řečiště v tomto oboru. Jedinečnost cevního stromu u každého člověka a také další pozitiva této metody jsou důvodem, proč je tato biologická charakteristika vhodná pro užití v biometrii. Je popsáno, jakým způsobem dochází zachycení této biometrické charakteristiky a následně jsou navrženy metody zpracování vstupních obrazů, pomocí kterých se získávají biometrická data, se kterými se pracuje. Tyto navržené metody byly implementovány a ta je také v tomto textu popsána. V poslední části dochází k testování těchto metod, popisu jejich funkčnosti a efektivity., Biometrics as a part of computer technology are recently rising in popularity and various biometric methods are becoming a part of everyday human life. This work in the first place informs the reader on the basics of biometrics in computer technology and further continues to discuss the use of veins in this area as veins are for their uniqueness considered as an ideal human physiological trait for use in biometrics. It is described in what manner is this biometric characteristic being captured. Further more the work describes some image processing methods for extracting biometric data from the input images that are later used. These methods were also implemented and the details of this implementation are to be found later in the text. In the last part the suggested methods of blood vessel detection are tested and the results evaluated.

Práce popisuje zpracování snímku prstu pro vytvoření kompozitního snímku s viditelným krevním řečištěm. Krevní řečiště je detekováno algoritmem Maximum Curvature. Následně bylo experimentováno s hledáním a spojování klíčových bodů pomocí algoritmů SIFT a ORB. Protože však algoritmy nepřinášely požadované výsledky, musí být klíčové body vyznačovány manuálně. Z nich je vytvořen odhad matice transformace. Pomocí odhadu matice transformace je spojena dvojice snímků. Tento cyklus přiřazení klíčových bodů a spojení snímků probíhá i pro nově vytvořené snímky. Po spojení posledních dvou snímků je výsledkem kompozitní snímek s viditelným krevním řečištěm. Tento kompozitní snímek může být dále využit pro verifikaci nebo identifikaci osob., This thesis describes a method for creating a composite image with a visible bloodstream. The bloodstream is detected by the Maximum Curvature algorithm. After that it was experimented with detecting and matching keypoints via algorithms SIFT and ORB. However, the resulting matches from these algoritms were not good enough, therefore the keypoints have to be manually assigned. From these keypoints, an estimated tranformation matrix was created. This matrix was then used for connecting two images. A cycle of assigning keypoints and connecting images is repeated even for newly created images. The final composite image with a visible bloodstream is created after connecting last two images. This composite image can be further used for verification or identification people.