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Routine fecal testing fact sheet.

The purpose of this study was to measure the number of contributions made by the researchers in the field of Journal “Annals of Microbiology” and published on the Web of Science database during 2010-2020 using Bibliometric analysis. Data were analyzed using software such as Histcite, Bibexcel, Vos viewer and tabulated using MS Excel. Annals of Microbiology is operates a single-blind peer-review system. Currently published on England by BMC. It publishes four issues in a year. The years (2017, 2018, 2019) publishes 12 issues, and 2020 has publishes only one issue. This paper aimed to assess growth pattern of research output, authorship pattern, degree of collaboration, ranking of authors and most cited references, type of documents, keyword wise distribution, most productive countries and most productive institutions of research output. There are 1595 articles were published during 2010-2020. The highest number of 247 articles were published in 2015 and lowest number of 70 articles published in 2020. Majority of the contributions are more than five authors. There exists a higher level of collaborations between the authors. Liu Y is the most productive author ranked in first. Most of the research outputs in the journal are articles. ‘Identification’ is the keyword which is mostly occurred in the journal. Most of the articles were published in China (433). It is known that different institutions were involved in the publication of articles, from these top most productive institutions are listed. It is estimated that research output of the source journal may take slightly increasing future. Keywords: Microbiology, Bibliometrics, Microorganisms, Bacteria.

[ES] La Xylella fastidiosa es una bacteria que presenta un gran potencial patógeno sobre diversas especies. En el caso de la vid (Vitis vinífera L.), el ¿Plan de contingencia de la Comunitat Valenciana frente a Xylella fastidiosa¿ contempla el uso de la termoterapia (con agua caliente), aunque hasta donde se conoce no existen estudios que analicen el efecto de esta tecnología a nivel comercial. Por lo que el presente Trabajo Final de Máster tiene como objetivo principal comprobar el efecto del tratamiento con agua caliente (termoterapia) para el control de Xylella fastidiosa en plantas de vivero de vid, comparando su impacto sobre el desarrollo vegetativo de distintas combinaciones de variedades y portainjertos. Para conseguir este objetivo, se determinó si el material vegetal sometido a termoterapia había sufrido o no daños durante su desarrollo vegetativo en el vivero. Para ello se realizó un plan de injerto con combinaciones de variedades de vid (uva tinta, uva blanca y uva de mesa) con distintos portainjertos (Richter 110, Ruggeri 140, Paulsen 1103, Millardet Grasset 41B y Selection Oppenheim nº4 SO4). Más concretamente, se utilizaron las siguientes variedades de vid: - Uva tinta: Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet), Tempranillo y Tinto Pámpana Blanca - Uva blanca: Airén y Parellada - Uva de mesa: Moscatel Italia, Regal Seedless y Victoria Una vez realizada la plantación, durante el desarrollo vegetativo, se procedió a realizar en distintos momentos de su desarrollo un control de cada uno de los lotes del vivero, determinándose la brotación, la longitud del crecimiento vegetativo y del crecimiento de los entrenudos de los sarmientos. Y tras el arranque de las plantas, se determinó el porcentaje de injertos que habían sobrevivido (y por tanto el porcentaje de supervivencia definitivo). Tras estudiar los datos obtenidos mediante análisis de la varianza (ANOVA), utilizando el programa Statgraphics, se llegó a la conclusión, de que el tratamiento con termoterapia, [EN] Xylella fastidiosa is a bacterium with a great pathogenic potential on several species. In the case of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), the "Contingency plan of the Valencian Community against Xylella fastidiosa" contemplates the use of thermotherapy (with hot water), although as far as is known there are not studies that analyse the effect of this technology at a commercial level. Therefore, the main objective of this Master's thesis is to test the effect of hot water treatment (thermotherapy) for the control of Xylella fastidiosa in grapevine nursery plants, comparing its impact on the vegetative development of different combinations of varieties and rootstocks. To achieve this objective, it was determined whether or not the plant material subjected to thermotherapy had suffered damage during its vegetative development in the nursery. For this purpose, a grafting plan was carried out with combinations of vine varieties (red grape, white grape and table grape) with different rootstocks (Richter 110, Ruggeri 140, Paulsen 1103, Millardet Grasset 41B and Selection Oppenheim nº4 SO4). Specifically, the following grape varieties were used: - Red grape: Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet), Tempranillo and Tinto Pámpana Blanca. - White grape: Airén and Parellada - Table grapes: Moscatel Italia, Regal Seedless and Victoria. After planting, during vegetative development, each of the batches in the nursery was monitored to determine sprouting, the length of vegetative growth and the length of shoot internode growth. After the plants were pulled up, the percentage of grafts that had survived (and therefore the definitive survival rate) was determined. After studying the results obtained by analysis of variance (ANOVA), using the Statgraphics programme, it was concluded that the thermotherapy treatment did not affect all the combinations in the same way, but that depending on the rootstock and the variety of Vitis vinifera L. that had been chosen, a satisfactory result w

[ES] La Xylella fastidiosa es una bacteria que presenta un gran potencial patógeno sobre diversas especies. En el caso de la vid (Vitis vinífera L.), el ¿Plan de contingencia de la Comunitat Valenciana frente a Xylella fastidiosa¿ contempla el uso de la termoterapia (con agua caliente), aunque hasta donde se conoce no existen estudios que analicen el efecto de esta tecnología a nivel comercial. Por lo que el presente Trabajo Final de Máster tiene como objetivo principal comprobar el efecto del tratamiento con agua caliente (termoterapia) para el control de Xylella fastidiosa en plantas de vivero de vid, comparando su impacto sobre el desarrollo vegetativo de distintas combinaciones de variedades y portainjertos. Para conseguir este objetivo, se determinó si el material vegetal sometido a termoterapia había sufrido o no daños durante su desarrollo vegetativo en el vivero. Para ello se realizó un plan de injerto con combinaciones de variedades de vid (uva tinta, uva blanca y uva de mesa) con distintos portainjertos (Richter 110, Ruggeri 140, Paulsen 1103, Millardet Grasset 41B y Selection Oppenheim nº4 SO4). Más concretamente, se utilizaron las siguientes variedades de vid: - Uva tinta: Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet), Tempranillo y Tinto Pámpana Blanca - Uva blanca: Airén y Parellada - Uva de mesa: Moscatel Italia, Regal Seedless y Victoria Una vez realizada la plantación, durante el desarrollo vegetativo, se procedió a realizar en distintos momentos de su desarrollo un control de cada uno de los lotes del vivero, determinándose la brotación, la longitud del crecimiento vegetativo y del crecimiento de los entrenudos de los sarmientos. Y tras el arranque de las plantas, se determinó el porcentaje de injertos que habían sobrevivido (y por tanto el porcentaje de supervivencia definitivo). Tras estudiar los datos obtenidos mediante análisis de la varianza (ANOVA), utilizando el programa Statgraphics, se llegó a la conclusión, de que el tratamiento con termoterapia, [EN] Xylella fastidiosa is a bacterium with a great pathogenic potential on several species. In the case of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), the "Contingency plan of the Valencian Community against Xylella fastidiosa" contemplates the use of thermotherapy (with hot water), although as far as is known there are not studies that analyse the effect of this technology at a commercial level. Therefore, the main objective of this Master's thesis is to test the effect of hot water treatment (thermotherapy) for the control of Xylella fastidiosa in grapevine nursery plants, comparing its impact on the vegetative development of different combinations of varieties and rootstocks. To achieve this objective, it was determined whether or not the plant material subjected to thermotherapy had suffered damage during its vegetative development in the nursery. For this purpose, a grafting plan was carried out with combinations of vine varieties (red grape, white grape and table grape) with different rootstocks (Richter 110, Ruggeri 140, Paulsen 1103, Millardet Grasset 41B and Selection Oppenheim nº4 SO4). Specifically, the following grape varieties were used: - Red grape: Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet), Tempranillo and Tinto Pámpana Blanca. - White grape: Airén and Parellada - Table grapes: Moscatel Italia, Regal Seedless and Victoria. After planting, during vegetative development, each of the batches in the nursery was monitored to determine sprouting, the length of vegetative growth and the length of shoot internode growth. After the plants were pulled up, the percentage of grafts that had survived (and therefore the definitive survival rate) was determined. After studying the results obtained by analysis of variance (ANOVA), using the Statgraphics programme, it was concluded that the thermotherapy treatment did not affect all the combinations in the same way, but that depending on the rootstock and the variety of Vitis vinifera L. that had been chosen, a satisfactory result w

[ES] La Xylella fastidiosa es una bacteria que presenta un gran potencial patógeno sobre diversas especies. En el caso de la vid (Vitis vinífera L.), el ¿Plan de contingencia de la Comunitat Valenciana frente a Xylella fastidiosa¿ contempla el uso de la termoterapia (con agua caliente), aunque hasta donde se conoce no existen estudios que analicen el efecto de esta tecnología a nivel comercial. Por lo que el presente Trabajo Final de Máster tiene como objetivo principal comprobar el efecto del tratamiento con agua caliente (termoterapia) para el control de Xylella fastidiosa en plantas de vivero de vid, comparando su impacto sobre el desarrollo vegetativo de distintas combinaciones de variedades y portainjertos. Para conseguir este objetivo, se determinó si el material vegetal sometido a termoterapia había sufrido o no daños durante su desarrollo vegetativo en el vivero. Para ello se realizó un plan de injerto con combinaciones de variedades de vid (uva tinta, uva blanca y uva de mesa) con distintos portainjertos (Richter 110, Ruggeri 140, Paulsen 1103, Millardet Grasset 41B y Selection Oppenheim nº4 SO4). Más concretamente, se utilizaron las siguientes variedades de vid: - Uva tinta: Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet), Tempranillo y Tinto Pámpana Blanca - Uva blanca: Airén y Parellada - Uva de mesa: Moscatel Italia, Regal Seedless y Victoria Una vez realizada la plantación, durante el desarrollo vegetativo, se procedió a realizar en distintos momentos de su desarrollo un control de cada uno de los lotes del vivero, determinándose la brotación, la longitud del crecimiento vegetativo y del crecimiento de los entrenudos de los sarmientos. Y tras el arranque de las plantas, se determinó el porcentaje de injertos que habían sobrevivido (y por tanto el porcentaje de supervivencia definitivo). Tras estudiar los datos obtenidos mediante análisis de la varianza (ANOVA), utilizando el programa Statgraphics, se llegó a la conclusión, de que el tratamiento con termoterapia, [EN] Xylella fastidiosa is a bacterium with a great pathogenic potential on several species. In the case of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), the "Contingency plan of the Valencian Community against Xylella fastidiosa" contemplates the use of thermotherapy (with hot water), although as far as is known there are not studies that analyse the effect of this technology at a commercial level. Therefore, the main objective of this Master's thesis is to test the effect of hot water treatment (thermotherapy) for the control of Xylella fastidiosa in grapevine nursery plants, comparing its impact on the vegetative development of different combinations of varieties and rootstocks. To achieve this objective, it was determined whether or not the plant material subjected to thermotherapy had suffered damage during its vegetative development in the nursery. For this purpose, a grafting plan was carried out with combinations of vine varieties (red grape, white grape and table grape) with different rootstocks (Richter 110, Ruggeri 140, Paulsen 1103, Millardet Grasset 41B and Selection Oppenheim nº4 SO4). Specifically, the following grape varieties were used: - Red grape: Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet), Tempranillo and Tinto Pámpana Blanca. - White grape: Airén and Parellada - Table grapes: Moscatel Italia, Regal Seedless and Victoria. After planting, during vegetative development, each of the batches in the nursery was monitored to determine sprouting, the length of vegetative growth and the length of shoot internode growth. After the plants were pulled up, the percentage of grafts that had survived (and therefore the definitive survival rate) was determined. After studying the results obtained by analysis of variance (ANOVA), using the Statgraphics programme, it was concluded that the thermotherapy treatment did not affect all the combinations in the same way, but that depending on the rootstock and the variety of Vitis vinifera L. that had been chosen, a satisfactory result w

The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of the hot alcoholic and water extracts (cold and hot)and acetonic extracts of Phoenix Sylvestris to the bacteria isolated from the Staphylococcusaureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, Which is a common cause of genital tract infection

The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of the hot alcoholic and water extracts (cold and hot)and acetonic extracts of Phoenix Sylvestris to the bacteria isolated from the Staphylococcusaureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, Which is a common cause of genital tract infection

The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of the hot alcoholic and water extracts (cold and hot)and acetonic extracts of Phoenix Sylvestris to the bacteria isolated from the Staphylococcusaureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, Which is a common cause of genital tract infection

The environment of the human body is very aggressive, containing among others bacteria, which contribute to the degradation of metal implants. Therefore sometimes implants are covered with nanometals to prevent development of aggressive bacteria. This paper deals with implants covered with nanosilver (15nm), which is antibacterial. The tested implants included: PE vein implant, an intramedullary implant made of stainless steel and brass implant for tracheotomy. The results showed an appearance of implants covered with silver as dependent on the type of bacteria: although silver significantly protected implants against some bacteria, a presence of some amounts of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was noticed after long term exposure in the human body. Only single bacteria could be observed on the surface of the tested materials. Such behavior is evidence, that silver coatings are effective for different form of materials in the presence of various bacteria, however, such behavior is related to form of bacteria.

The environment of the human body is very aggressive, containing among others bacteria, which contribute to the degradation of metal implants. Therefore sometimes implants are covered with nanometals to prevent development of aggressive bacteria. This paper deals with implants covered with nanosilver (15nm), which is antibacterial. The tested implants included: PE vein implant, an intramedullary implant made of stainless steel and brass implant for tracheotomy. The results showed an appearance of implants covered with silver as dependent on the type of bacteria: although silver significantly protected implants against some bacteria, a presence of some amounts of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was noticed after long term exposure in the human body. Only single bacteria could be observed on the surface of the tested materials. Such behavior is evidence, that silver coatings are effective for different form of materials in the presence of various bacteria, however, such behavior is related to form of bacteria.

The environment of the human body is very aggressive, containing among others bacteria, which contribute to the degradation of metal implants. Therefore sometimes implants are covered with nanometals to prevent development of aggressive bacteria. This paper deals with implants covered with nanosilver (15nm), which is antibacterial. The tested implants included: PE vein implant, an intramedullary implant made of stainless steel and brass implant for tracheotomy. The results showed an appearance of implants covered with silver as dependent on the type of bacteria: although silver significantly protected implants against some bacteria, a presence of some amounts of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was noticed after long term exposure in the human body. Only single bacteria could be observed on the surface of the tested materials. Such behavior is evidence, that silver coatings are effective for different form of materials in the presence of various bacteria, however, such behavior is related to form of bacteria.

Marine microbes control the flux of energy and chemicals in the ocean and therefore mediate ocean productivity and biogeochemistry, which ultimately sustains marine life and controls global climate. A numerically and functionally important group of marine microbes, for which there is currently a significant gap in knowledge regarding their ecology and biogeography, are the photoheterotrophic bacteria. These microbes, including both Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria (AAnPB) and proteorhodopsin based phototrophic bacteria and Archaea (PRBA) comprise up to 70% of microbial communities within surface waters of the ocean. Capable of gaining energy from light-induced proton translocation and from the oxidation of organic material, these often highly abundant bacteria have been proposed to significantly influence marine biogeochemistry and trophodynamics. However, the environmental (i.e. physicochemical, seasonal, oceanographic) factors influencing the abundance and diversity of these organisms are currently poorly defined, particularly within the often highly productive waters of the Southern Hemisphere. The aim of this thesis was to examine changes in photoheterotrophic community abundance and composition in coastal waters of Australia and identify the key environmental influences on the ecology of these microbes. Samples collected from a combination of oceanographic research voyages and time-series sampling regimes were analysed using both amplicon sequencing approaches and quantitative PCR targeting pufM and proteorhodopsin genes to characterise AAnPB and PRBA populations respectively. High temporal resolution analysis of photohetetrophic bacterial population dynamics in the coastal waters of Australia indicated seasonality in the abundance and diversity of these groups. Along the eastern coast of Australia, AAnPB abundance was highly variable, with pufM gene copies ranging from 1.1 x 10² to 1.4 x 10⁵ mL⁻¹, and positively correlated with day length and solar rad

Hospitalized bronchiolitis imposes a significant burden among infants, particularly among Indigenous children. Traditional or known risk factors for severe disease are well described, but there are limited data on risks for prolonged hospitalization and persistent symptoms. Our aims were to determine factors (clinical and microbiological) associated with (i) prolonged length of stay (LOS); (ii) persistent respiratory symptoms at 3 weeks; (iii) bronchiectasis up to 24 months post-hospitalisation; and (iv) risk of respiratory readmissions within 6 months. Methods: Indigenous infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis were enrolled at Royal Darwin Hospital between 2008 and 2013. Standardized forms were used to record clinical data. A nasopharyngeal swab was collected at enrolment to identify respiratory viruses and bacteria. Results: The median age of 232 infants was 5 months (interquartile range 3–9); 65% male. On multivariate regression, our 12 point severity score (including accessory muscle use) was the only factor associated with prolonged LOS but the effect was modest (þ 3.0 hr per point, 95%CI: 0.7, 5.1, P ¼ 0.01). Presence of cough at 3 weeks increased the odds of bronchiectasis (OR 3.0, 95%CI: 1.1, 7.0, P ¼ 0.03). Factors associated with respiratory readmissions were: previous respiratory hospitalization (OR 2.3, 95%CI: 1.0, 5.4, P ¼ 0.05) and household smoke (OR 2.6, 95%CI: 1.0, 6.3, P ¼ 0.04). Conclusion: Increased severity score is associated with prolonged LOS in Indigenous children hospitalized with bronchiolitis. As persistent symptoms at 3 weeks post-hospitalization are associated with future diagnosis of bronchiectasis, optimising clinical care beyond hospitalization is needed to improve long-term respiratory outcomes for infants at risk of respiratory disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:613–623. ß 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Johne's Disease is a newsletter by the USDA in connection with the Maryland Department of Agriculture

Johne's Disease is a newsletter by the USDA in connection with the Maryland Department of Agriculture

Johne's Disease is a newsletter by the USDA in connection with the Maryland Department of Agriculture

Johne's Disease is a newsletter by the USDA in connection with the Maryland Department of Agriculture

Bacterial cell division involves the invagination of the membrane and the cell wall to form a septum at midcell, between two replicated chromosomes. From a molecular perspective, the main event in cell division is the formation of a circumferential structure, the Z ring, formed by polymerisation of the tubulin-like FtsZ protein. The Z ring recruits a multi-protein complex to the division site, forming a division apparatus that eventually constricts as the septum forms. FtsA, a eukaryotic actin homologue, is another division protein, known to interact directly with FtsZ. It has been proposed that FtsA promotes Z ring formation; however its exact role has remained unknown. This thesis investigateshow FtsA affects the Z ring and cytokinesis in the Gram-positive model organism, Bacillus subtilis. Interestingly, FtsA is essential in Escherichia coli, the Gram-negative model organism, but not in Bacillus subtilis. Rather, deletion of the ftsA gene in vegetatively-growing B. subtilis cells causes a significant reduction in Z ring formation and cell division is severely diminished while cell growth is maintained, resulting in cell filamentation (long cells without septa). To confirm that this phenotype is due to the inability of FtsZ to efficiently form rings, Z ring formationwas examined in the absence of FtsA, during the first round of cell division following B. subtilis spore germination. Surprisingly the Z rings formed with wild-type efficiency. However, unlike wild-type cells that showed subsequent constriction of these Z rings leading to septum formation, Z rings did not constrict immediately in the ftsA mutant and persisted into the second cycle of division. These results reveal for the first time that, unlike E. coli, FtsA is not required for Z ring formation in B. subtilis. To understand the delay in Z ring constriction, further experiments were conducted to determine if the recruitment of downstream division proteins to the Z ring is affectedin the absence of FtsA

Johne's Disease is a newsletter by the USDA in connection with the Maryland Department of Agriculture

Johne's Disease is a newsletter by the USDA in connection with the Maryland Department of Agriculture

Johne's Disease is a newsletter by the USDA in connection with the Maryland Department of Agriculture

Johne's Disease is a newsletter by the USDA in connection with the Maryland Department of Agriculture

Bacterial cell division involves the invagination of the membrane and the cell wall to form a septum at midcell, between two replicated chromosomes. From a molecular perspective, the main event in cell division is the formation of a circumferential structure, the Z ring, formed by polymerisation of the tubulin-like FtsZ protein. The Z ring recruits a multi-protein complex to the division site, forming a division apparatus that eventually constricts as the septum forms. FtsA, a eukaryotic actin homologue, is another division protein, known to interact directly with FtsZ. It has been proposed that FtsA promotes Z ring formation; however its exact role has remained unknown. This thesis investigateshow FtsA affects the Z ring and cytokinesis in the Gram-positive model organism, Bacillus subtilis. Interestingly, FtsA is essential in Escherichia coli, the Gram-negative model organism, but not in Bacillus subtilis. Rather, deletion of the ftsA gene in vegetatively-growing B. subtilis cells causes a significant reduction in Z ring formation and cell division is severely diminished while cell growth is maintained, resulting in cell filamentation (long cells without septa). To confirm that this phenotype is due to the inability of FtsZ to efficiently form rings, Z ring formationwas examined in the absence of FtsA, during the first round of cell division following B. subtilis spore germination. Surprisingly the Z rings formed with wild-type efficiency. However, unlike wild-type cells that showed subsequent constriction of these Z rings leading to septum formation, Z rings did not constrict immediately in the ftsA mutant and persisted into the second cycle of division. These results reveal for the first time that, unlike E. coli, FtsA is not required for Z ring formation in B. subtilis. To understand the delay in Z ring constriction, further experiments were conducted to determine if the recruitment of downstream division proteins to the Z ring is affectedin the absence of FtsA

Johne's Disease is a newsletter by the USDA in connection with the Maryland Department of Agriculture

Johne's Disease is a newsletter by the USDA in connection with the Maryland Department of Agriculture

Johne's Disease is a newsletter by the USDA in connection with the Maryland Department of Agriculture

Johne's Disease is a newsletter by the USDA in connection with the Maryland Department of Agriculture

Johne's Disease is a newsletter by the USDA in connection with the Maryland Department of Agriculture

Johne's Disease is a newsletter by the USDA in connection with the Maryland Department of Agriculture

Missoula, MT

The Keystone Symposium Environmental Bioremediation and Biodegradation, organized by Drs. James J. Valdes, Ananda M. Chakrabarty and Michael Bagdasarian , was held March 6 - 12, 1993 at Granlibakken, Lake Tahoe, California. The abstracts of the meeting were published in the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry,Supplement 17C, 1993 (JSSN 0730-2312). The purpose of the meeting was to bring together the leading scientists and engineers in the diverse area to further dialogue between those conducting basic mechanistic research and those designing fieldable systems, within the context of policy guidelines. The meeting was attended by 110 participants representing industry, academia, and government institutions, from 11 countries on 5 continents. To accomplish the goals of the symposium, the talks were arranged broadly into sessions covering basic molecular genetics, microbial physiology and biochemistry, applications and engineering systems, fate and effects and monitoring, and policy guidelines. In addition, there were poster sessions throughout the week

vi, 153 p. ; 28 cm., Cover title., "Under contract with: American Electric Power Service Corporation, Indiana and Michigan Electric Company.", The University of Michigan Great Lakes Digital Library, (dlps) 4742324.0001.001, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/4742324.0001.001, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Recovery of chlorine injured coliforms inoculated into potable water containing high numbers of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria was enhanced by anaerobic incubation of membrane filter (MF) cultures on m-endo LES agar rendered non-selective by removal of sodium lauryl sulfate (SDC) and sodium desoxycholate (SDC). Modification of mendo LES resulted in a 1.3 fold increase in recovery of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterobacter cloacae. Recovery of injured Escherichia cou i and Citrobacter freundii was not significantly enhanced. Anaerobic incubation markedly reduced growth of HPC bacteria on MF and unmasked coliform detection.

Enrichment cultures of microorganisms separated from soil contaminated with pentachlorophenol and creosote were able to grow on and degrade phenol (300 mg 2-chlorophenol (100 mg L⁻¹), or 4-chlorophenol (100 mg L⁻¹) when added as the sole carbon source, but were unable to degrade 3-chlorophenol (100 mg L⁻¹) even after more than 127 days of incubation. Phenol biodegradation by enrichment cultures was completely inhibited by temperatures at or above 37 °C or phenol concentrations greater than 1,200 mg L⁻¹. Phenol degradation rates were reduced in the absence of an inorganic nitrogen source. Two species of gram-negative bacterial isolates from this soil degraded 300 mg L⁻¹ phenol in three to twelve days. A yeast isolate degraded 300 mg L⁻¹ phenol more quickly, in one to three days. No isolates were found that degraded any of the chlorinated compounds. Phenol biodegradation by the yeast was completely inhibited by substrate concentrations greater than 1,000 mg L⁻¹; it was partly inhibited by low dissolved-oxygen concentrations, substrate concentrations greater than 500 mg L⁻¹, and the presence of alternative carbon sources such as acetate or glucose. Acetate also inhibited yeast growth in the presence of phenol, while glucose stimulated it. The addition of yeast extract or thiamin stimulated yeast growth and phenol degradation by the yeast. In enrichment cultures, growth factors were provided to yeast by other microorganisms. Maximum rates of phenol degradation by yeast and enrichment cultures were comparable, often greater than 300 mg L⁻¹ phenol per day. Doubling times for yeast growing on phenol were generally from three to five hours. The rapid rates of growth and phenol degradation by isolates and enrichments suggest that biodegradation of phenol in the subsurface should not be substrate limited. Rather the transport of dissolved oxygen by advection/dispersion or vertical diffusion should limit phenol degradation by aerobic metabolic pathways in groundwater.

Recovery of chlorine injured coliforms inoculated into potable water containing high numbers of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria was enhanced by anaerobic incubation of membrane filter (MF) cultures on m-endo LES agar rendered non-selective by removal of sodium lauryl sulfate (SDC) and sodium desoxycholate (SDC). Modification of mendo LES resulted in a 1.3 fold increase in recovery of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterobacter cloacae. Recovery of injured Escherichia cou i and Citrobacter freundii was not significantly enhanced. Anaerobic incubation markedly reduced growth of HPC bacteria on MF and unmasked coliform detection.

vi, 153 p. ; 28 cm., Cover title., "Under contract with: American Electric Power Service Corporation, Indiana and Michigan Electric Company.", The University of Michigan Great Lakes Digital Library, (dlps) 4742324.0001.001, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/4742324.0001.001, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

See also AD-486 394L.

A study of 10 pure strains showed that these are typical myxobacteria with the following charac teristic properties: (1) Presence of a nu cleus, poor stainability of protoplasm; (2) Nega tive Gram-staining; (3) Mode of locomotion peculiar of myxobacteria through body convolu tion, and movement of colonies by ''creeping'' ''swarming.''; (4) Shortening of vegatative cells in the course of development accompanied in some species by thickening of the body as compared with its thickness at the beginning of develop ment; (6) Conversion of vegetative cells into microcysts; (6) Formation of characteristic fruit bodies consisting of cysts; and (7) Character istic mode of division by cross constriction of the cell body. (Author), Trans. of Mikrobiologiya (USSR), 31:3, pp. 470 477, 1962. Also from OTS for $.50 as rept. 63 21912.