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The 2175 {\AA} ultraviolet (UV) extinction bump in interstellar medium (ISM) of the Milky Way was discovered in 1965. After intensive exploration of more than a half century, however, its exact origin still remains a big conundrum that is being debated. Here we propose a mixture model by which the extinction bump in ISM is argued possibly relevant to the clusters of hydrogenated T-carbon (HTC) molecules (C40H16) that have intrinsically a sharp absorption peak at the wavelength 2175 {\AA}. By linearly combining the calculated absorption spectra of HTC mixtures, graphite, MgSiO3 and Fe2SiO4, we show that the UV extinction curves of optional six stars can be nicely fitted. This present work poses an alternative explanation toward understanding the physical origin of the 2175 {\AA} extinction bump in ISM of the Milky Way., Comment: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society accepted

Factor that binds to the inducer of short transcripts of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (FBI-1) represents as a crucial gene regulator in colorectal cancer; however, the correlation between FBI-1 and preoperative radiotherapy (RT) in rectal cancer (RC) has not yet been reported. The aim was to detect FBI-1 expression in patients with RC with or without RT, by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and to analyze its association with clinicopathological features and response to RT. The results from immunohistochemistry analysis (n=139) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n=55) demonstrated that FBI-1 was overexpressed in patients with RC, whether they had received preoperative RT or not. Subsequently, the association between FBI-1 expression, and the clinicopathological features and response to RT in patients with RC was analyzed. Cytoplasmic FBI-1 was upregulated in non-RT (n=77) and RT (n=62) groups (17.7 vs. 74.0%, Pamp;lt;0.001; 41.1 vs. 69.4%, P=0.002, respectively) of patients with RC compared with normal mucosa. However, nuclear FBI-1 was downregulated (75.8 vs. 22.1%, Pamp;lt;0.001; 83.9 vs. 35.5%, Pamp;lt;0.001, respectively) in both groups. RT had no significant effect on FBI-1 expression in RC tissues. Furthermore, nuclear FBI-1 was positively associated with tumor-node-metastasis stage and distant recurrence (P=0.003 and P=0.010, respectively). In patients with stage I, II or III RC, higher nuclear FBI-1 expression was associated with poorer disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR)=1.934, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.055-3.579, P=0.033] and overall survival (HR=2.174, 95% CI: 1.102-4.290, P=0.025), independently of sex, age, growth pattern, differentiation and RT. In addition, FBI-1 was positively correlated with numerous biological factors, including p73 [Spearmans correlation coefficient (r(s))=0.332, P=0.007], lysyl oxidase (r(s)=0.234, P=0.043), Wrap53 (r(s)=-0.425, P=0.0002) and peroxisom, Funding Agencies|National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China [U1204818]; Projects of Science and Technology in Henan Province [172102310064, 201702195]; Swedish Cancer Foundation [3610-B06-11XCC]

Factor that binds to the inducer of short transcripts of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (FBI-1) represents as a crucial gene regulator in colorectal cancer; however, the correlation between FBI-1 and preoperative radiotherapy (RT) in rectal cancer (RC) has not yet been reported. The aim was to detect FBI-1 expression in patients with RC with or without RT, by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and to analyze its association with clinicopathological features and response to RT. The results from immunohistochemistry analysis (n=139) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n=55) demonstrated that FBI-1 was overexpressed in patients with RC, whether they had received preoperative RT or not. Subsequently, the association between FBI-1 expression, and the clinicopathological features and response to RT in patients with RC was analyzed. Cytoplasmic FBI-1 was upregulated in non-RT (n=77) and RT (n=62) groups (17.7 vs. 74.0%, Pamp;lt;0.001; 41.1 vs. 69.4%, P=0.002, respectively) of patients with RC compared with normal mucosa. However, nuclear FBI-1 was downregulated (75.8 vs. 22.1%, Pamp;lt;0.001; 83.9 vs. 35.5%, Pamp;lt;0.001, respectively) in both groups. RT had no significant effect on FBI-1 expression in RC tissues. Furthermore, nuclear FBI-1 was positively associated with tumor-node-metastasis stage and distant recurrence (P=0.003 and P=0.010, respectively). In patients with stage I, II or III RC, higher nuclear FBI-1 expression was associated with poorer disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR)=1.934, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.055-3.579, P=0.033] and overall survival (HR=2.174, 95% CI: 1.102-4.290, P=0.025), independently of sex, age, growth pattern, differentiation and RT. In addition, FBI-1 was positively correlated with numerous biological factors, including p73 [Spearmans correlation coefficient (r(s))=0.332, P=0.007], lysyl oxidase (r(s)=0.234, P=0.043), Wrap53 (r(s)=-0.425, P=0.0002) and peroxisom, Funding Agencies|National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China [U1204818]; Projects of Science and Technology in Henan Province [172102310064, 201702195]; Swedish Cancer Foundation [3610-B06-11XCC]

Factor that binds to the inducer of short transcripts of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (FBI-1) represents as a crucial gene regulator in colorectal cancer; however, the correlation between FBI-1 and preoperative radiotherapy (RT) in rectal cancer (RC) has not yet been reported. The aim was to detect FBI-1 expression in patients with RC with or without RT, by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and to analyze its association with clinicopathological features and response to RT. The results from immunohistochemistry analysis (n=139) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n=55) demonstrated that FBI-1 was overexpressed in patients with RC, whether they had received preoperative RT or not. Subsequently, the association between FBI-1 expression, and the clinicopathological features and response to RT in patients with RC was analyzed. Cytoplasmic FBI-1 was upregulated in non-RT (n=77) and RT (n=62) groups (17.7 vs. 74.0%, Pamp;lt;0.001; 41.1 vs. 69.4%, P=0.002, respectively) of patients with RC compared with normal mucosa. However, nuclear FBI-1 was downregulated (75.8 vs. 22.1%, Pamp;lt;0.001; 83.9 vs. 35.5%, Pamp;lt;0.001, respectively) in both groups. RT had no significant effect on FBI-1 expression in RC tissues. Furthermore, nuclear FBI-1 was positively associated with tumor-node-metastasis stage and distant recurrence (P=0.003 and P=0.010, respectively). In patients with stage I, II or III RC, higher nuclear FBI-1 expression was associated with poorer disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR)=1.934, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.055-3.579, P=0.033] and overall survival (HR=2.174, 95% CI: 1.102-4.290, P=0.025), independently of sex, age, growth pattern, differentiation and RT. In addition, FBI-1 was positively correlated with numerous biological factors, including p73 [Spearmans correlation coefficient (r(s))=0.332, P=0.007], lysyl oxidase (r(s)=0.234, P=0.043), Wrap53 (r(s)=-0.425, P=0.0002) and peroxisom, Funding Agencies|National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China [U1204818]; Projects of Science and Technology in Henan Province [172102310064, 201702195]; Swedish Cancer Foundation [3610-B06-11XCC]

Factor that binds to the inducer of short transcripts of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (FBI-1) represents as a crucial gene regulator in colorectal cancer; however, the correlation between FBI-1 and preoperative radiotherapy (RT) in rectal cancer (RC) has not yet been reported. The aim was to detect FBI-1 expression in patients with RC with or without RT, by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and to analyze its association with clinicopathological features and response to RT. The results from immunohistochemistry analysis (n=139) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n=55) demonstrated that FBI-1 was overexpressed in patients with RC, whether they had received preoperative RT or not. Subsequently, the association between FBI-1 expression, and the clinicopathological features and response to RT in patients with RC was analyzed. Cytoplasmic FBI-1 was upregulated in non-RT (n=77) and RT (n=62) groups (17.7 vs. 74.0%, Pamp;lt;0.001; 41.1 vs. 69.4%, P=0.002, respectively) of patients with RC compared with normal mucosa. However, nuclear FBI-1 was downregulated (75.8 vs. 22.1%, Pamp;lt;0.001; 83.9 vs. 35.5%, Pamp;lt;0.001, respectively) in both groups. RT had no significant effect on FBI-1 expression in RC tissues. Furthermore, nuclear FBI-1 was positively associated with tumor-node-metastasis stage and distant recurrence (P=0.003 and P=0.010, respectively). In patients with stage I, II or III RC, higher nuclear FBI-1 expression was associated with poorer disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR)=1.934, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.055-3.579, P=0.033] and overall survival (HR=2.174, 95% CI: 1.102-4.290, P=0.025), independently of sex, age, growth pattern, differentiation and RT. In addition, FBI-1 was positively correlated with numerous biological factors, including p73 [Spearmans correlation coefficient (r(s))=0.332, P=0.007], lysyl oxidase (r(s)=0.234, P=0.043), Wrap53 (r(s)=-0.425, P=0.0002) and peroxisom, Funding Agencies|National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China [U1204818]; Projects of Science and Technology in Henan Province [172102310064, 201702195]; Swedish Cancer Foundation [3610-B06-11XCC]

Factor that binds to the inducer of short transcripts of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (FBI-1) represents as a crucial gene regulator in colorectal cancer; however, the correlation between FBI-1 and preoperative radiotherapy (RT) in rectal cancer (RC) has not yet been reported. The aim was to detect FBI-1 expression in patients with RC with or without RT, by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and to analyze its association with clinicopathological features and response to RT. The results from immunohistochemistry analysis (n=139) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n=55) demonstrated that FBI-1 was overexpressed in patients with RC, whether they had received preoperative RT or not. Subsequently, the association between FBI-1 expression, and the clinicopathological features and response to RT in patients with RC was analyzed. Cytoplasmic FBI-1 was upregulated in non-RT (n=77) and RT (n=62) groups (17.7 vs. 74.0%, Pamp;lt;0.001; 41.1 vs. 69.4%, P=0.002, respectively) of patients with RC compared with normal mucosa. However, nuclear FBI-1 was downregulated (75.8 vs. 22.1%, Pamp;lt;0.001; 83.9 vs. 35.5%, Pamp;lt;0.001, respectively) in both groups. RT had no significant effect on FBI-1 expression in RC tissues. Furthermore, nuclear FBI-1 was positively associated with tumor-node-metastasis stage and distant recurrence (P=0.003 and P=0.010, respectively). In patients with stage I, II or III RC, higher nuclear FBI-1 expression was associated with poorer disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR)=1.934, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.055-3.579, P=0.033] and overall survival (HR=2.174, 95% CI: 1.102-4.290, P=0.025), independently of sex, age, growth pattern, differentiation and RT. In addition, FBI-1 was positively correlated with numerous biological factors, including p73 [Spearmans correlation coefficient (r(s))=0.332, P=0.007], lysyl oxidase (r(s)=0.234, P=0.043), Wrap53 (r(s)=-0.425, P=0.0002) and peroxisom, Funding Agencies|National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China [U1204818]; Projects of Science and Technology in Henan Province [172102310064, 201702195]; Swedish Cancer Foundation [3610-B06-11XCC]

Factor that binds to the inducer of short transcripts of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (FBI-1) represents as a crucial gene regulator in colorectal cancer; however, the correlation between FBI-1 and preoperative radiotherapy (RT) in rectal cancer (RC) has not yet been reported. The aim was to detect FBI-1 expression in patients with RC with or without RT, by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and to analyze its association with clinicopathological features and response to RT. The results from immunohistochemistry analysis (n=139) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n=55) demonstrated that FBI-1 was overexpressed in patients with RC, whether they had received preoperative RT or not. Subsequently, the association between FBI-1 expression, and the clinicopathological features and response to RT in patients with RC was analyzed. Cytoplasmic FBI-1 was upregulated in non-RT (n=77) and RT (n=62) groups (17.7 vs. 74.0%, P<0.001; 41.1 vs. 69.4%, P=0.002, respectively) of patients with RC compared with normal mucosa. However, nuclear FBI-1 was downregulated (75.8 vs. 22.1%, P<0.001; 83.9 vs. 35.5%, P<0.001, respectively) in both groups. RT had no significant effect on FBI-1 expression in RC tissues. Furthermore, nuclear FBI-1 was positively associated with tumor-node-metastasis stage and distant recurrence (P=0.003 and P=0.010, respectively). In patients with stage I, II or III RC, higher nuclear FBI-1 expression was associated with poorer disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR)=1.934, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.055-3.579, P=0.033] and overall survival (HR=2.174, 95% CI: 1.102-4.290, P=0.025), independently of sex, age, growth pattern, differentiation and RT. In addition, FBI-1 was positively correlated with numerous biological factors, including p73 [Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs)=0.332, P=0.007], lysyl oxidase (rs=0.234, P=0.043), Wrap53 (rs=-0.425, P=0.0002) and peroxisome proliferator, Funding Agencies:National Natural Science Foundation of China U1204818Projects of Science and Technology in Henan Province 172102310064 201702195

Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), the first identified histone demethylase, plays an important role in epigenetic regulation of gene activation and repression. The up-regulated LSD1's expression has been reported in several malignant tumors. In the current study, we designed and synthesized five series of 1,2,3-triazole-dithiocarbamate hybrids and screened their inhibitory activity toward LSD1. We found that some of these compounds, especially compound 26, exhibited the most specific and robust inhibition of LSD1. Interestingly, compound 26 also showed potent and selective cytotoxicity against LSD1 overexpressing gastric cancer cell lines MGC-803 and HGC-27, as well as marked inhibition of cell migration and invasion, compared to 2-PCPA. Furthermore, compound 26 effectively reduced the tumor growth bared by human gastric cancer cells in vivo with no signs of adverse side effects. These findings suggested that compound 26 deserves further investigation as a lead compound in the treatment of LSD1 overexpressing gastric cancer.

Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), the first identified histone demethylase, plays an important role in epigenetic regulation of gene activation and repression. The up-regulated LSD1's expression has been reported in several malignant tumors. In the current study, we designed and synthesized five series of 1,2,3-triazole-dithiocarbamate hybrids and screened their inhibitory activity toward LSD1. We found that some of these compounds, especially compound 26, exhibited the most specific and robust inhibition of LSD1. Interestingly, compound 26 also showed potent and selective cytotoxicity against LSD1 overexpressing gastric cancer cell lines MGC-803 and HGC-27, as well as marked inhibition of cell migration and invasion, compared to 2-PCPA. Furthermore, compound 26 effectively reduced the tumor growth bared by human gastric cancer cells in vivo with no signs of adverse side effects. These findings suggested that compound 26 deserves further investigation as a lead compound in the treatment of LSD1 overexpressing gastric cancer.